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Tree Diversity and Its Use by Local Communities in Buol District, Indonesia

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Tree Diversity and Its Use by Local Communities in Buol District, Indonesia Tree diversity and its use by local communities in Buol District, Indonesia Subekti Rahayu, Betha Lusiana, Sacha Amaruzaman, Dienda Citasyari Hendrawan dan Sidiq Pambudi Tree diversity and its use by local communities in Buol District, Indonesia Subekti Rahayu, Betha Lusiana, Sacha Amaruzaman, Dienda Citasyari Putri Hendrawan and Sidiq Pambudi Working paper no. 212 LIMITED CIRCULATION Citation: Rahayu S, Lusiana B, Amaruzaman S, Hendrawan DC, Pambudi S. 2015. Tree diversity and its use in Buol District, Indonesia. Working Paper 212. Bogor, Indonesia: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Southeast Asia Regional Program. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/WP15723.PDF Titles in the Working Paper Series aim to disseminate interim results on agroforestry research and practices and stimulate feedback from the scientific community. Other publication series from the World Agroforestry Centre include: agroforestry perspectives, technical manuals and occasional papers. Published by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Southeast Asia Regional Program PO Box 161, Bogor 16001 Indonesia Tel: +62 251 8625415 Fax: +62 251 8625416 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/regions/southeast_asia © World Agroforestry Centre 2015 Working Paper no. 212 Disclaimer and copyright The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the World Agroforestry Centre. Articles appearing in this publication may be quoted or reproduced without charge, provided the source is acknowledged. All images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without written permission of the source. About the authors Subekti Rahayu is a biodiversity and carbon stock specialist at the World Agroforestry Centre. Her main areas of interest include biodiversity conservation, ecological restoration, forest ecology, bio- indicators and agroforest ecology. She is a PhD candidate on ecological restoration strategies in Samboja Forest Research, East Kalimantan. She has a master degree in Tropical Biodiversity Conservation from Bogor Agriculture University. She holds a bachelor degree from the same university, majoring in Plant Protection. She has had experience with carbon-stock measurement at plot level since 1998 and delivering training on the subject to various institutions in Indonesia and to local communities in Indonesia and Viet Nam since 2002. Contact: [email protected]. Betha Lusiana is a scientist with the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Indonesia program, where she leads the Ecological Modelling Unit. She also coordinates Smart Tree-Invest project activities in Indonesia. She has a PhD from Hohenheim University, Germany on the use of land-use-change models for natural research management. Her research focuses on assessing trade-offs between agricultural development, farmers’ livelihoods and ecosystem services through the use of participatory, quantitative and/or model simulation approaches. In particular, she is interested in exploring and analysing use of such assessments for natural resource management. Contact: [email protected] Sacha Amaruzaman is an ecosystem services specialist at the World Agroforestry Centre in Bogor, Indonesia. He co-manages the Climate-Smart, Tree-Based, Co-investment in Adaptation and Mitigation in Asia (Smart Tree-Invest) project that operates in Indonesia, Viet Nam and the Philippines, with funding from the International Fund for Agricultural Development. He also carries out research under the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry, focusing mainly on ecosystem services’ socioeconomic and institutional aspects. He obtained his master degree from Wageningen University, the Netherlands, majoring in Environmental Science. Contact: [email protected] Dienda Citasyari Putri Hendrawan works at the World Agroforestry Centre in Bogor, Indonesia. She holds a bachelor degree from Institut Teknologi Bandung, majoring in Biology. She is working on agrobiodiversity systems in Bantaeng, Southeast Sulawesi and farmers’ study group in Buol, Central Sulawesi. Contact: [email protected] Sidiq Pambudi has a background in Biology, especially Landscape Ecology. He holds a bachelor degree in Science from Institut Teknologi Bandung. He has experience in above-ground carbon-stock estimation and biodiversity. He is working as a biophysics research assistant at the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Indonesia country office. Contact: [email protected]. i Abstract We assessed plot-level, tree diversity and various tree-based systems in Buol District, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia: complex, clove, coconut and cacao agroforests; monoculture teak; and undisturbed and disturbed forests. The objectives were to assess the tree diversity of various land-use systems, to identify what tree species were used by the communities and to identify land-use systems that provided habitats for forest tree species. The indicators for tree diversity were tree species’ richness and tree composition collected using a Quick Biodiversity Survey approach. The use of tree diversity by the communities was assessed though focus-group discussions in three clusters of villages: the upstream and midstream of the Buol watershed; and the coastal area. We found that tree species’ richness in complex agroforests was 70% that of undisturbed forests. Only 5% of forest species regenerated in complex agroforestry systems, mostly represented by pioneer species. This condition indicated that although the complex agroforests species’ richness in Buol was relatively high, complex agroforests could not provide refugee for forest tree species. Therefore, conserving forests was very important for maintaining forest tree diversity in Buol. The remaining small patch of disturbed forest in Buol District was in a developing stage, indicated by higher species’ richness at sapling stage. The community in Buol had low dependency on forest species and were more interested in growing domesticated, commercial species. Not so long ago, farmers still harvested rattan from the forest but at the time of study the rattan population had diminished, most likely caused by over- harvesting. Keywords Agroforestry, Buol, Central Sulawesi, community forest use, tree diversity, tree species’ richness ii Acknowledgements This working paper is the preliminary synthesis of research undertaken during the first year of the Climate-smart, Tree-based Co-investment in Adaptation and Mitigation in Asia (Smart Tree-Invest) project in Buol District, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia carried out by the World Agroforestry Centre with support from the International Fund for Agricultural Development and the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry. We also extend our gratitude to Harti Ningsih and Ni’matul Khasanah for their contributions during field work and data analysis. iii Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Tree-species’ inventory ....................................................................................................................... 2 Local communities’ perceptions of tree diversity and its functions ................................................... 3 Results and discussion ............................................................................................................................ 4 Current condition of tree-species’ richness and diversity .................................................................. 4 Tree use by local communities .......................................................................................................... 11 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................... 17 References ............................................................................................................................................. 18 Appendix ............................................................................................................................................... 19 List of Tables Table 1. Bray-Curtis similarity of seedlings across land-use systems ................................................... 9 Table 2. Similarity of sapling species across land-use systems ........................................................... 10 Table 3. Similarity of pole-stage species across land-use systems ...................................................... 10 Table 4. Similarity of tree species across land-use systems ................................................................. 11 Table 5. Use of biodiversity by the upstream cluster in different land-use types, based on male and female perceptions ................................................................................................................. 12 Table 6. Use of tree diversity by the upstream cluster in various land covers during normal and extreme conditions ................................................................................................................. 13 Table 7. Use of biodiversity by the midstream cluster in various land-use types, based on male and female perceptions ................................................................................................................
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