DOCSLIB.ORG

Rebranding of Federal Abstinence-Only Programs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rebranding of Federal Abstinence-Only Programs GUTTMACHER POLICY REVIEW GPR 2018 | Vol. 21 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN CRISIS: A SPECIAL SERIES New Name, Same Harm: Rebranding of Federal Abstinence-Only Programs By Jesseca Boyer HIGHLIGHTS ince 1996, more than $2 billion in federal funding have been spent on programs • Proponents have rebranded abstinence-only programs by for young people that focus on promot- co-opting public health and rights-based language and Sing sexual abstinence outside of marriage calling them “sexual risk avoidance” programs. (“abstinence-only”). Federal funding for these • Under any name, abstinence-only programs not only programs accelerated under the George W. Bush remain ineffective at their goal of promoting abstinence administration, then dropped significantly while until marriage, they also withhold potentially life-saving President Obama was in office. During the Obama information, promote dangerous gender stereotypes, era, proponents of abstinence-only programs stigmatize sex, sexual health and sexuality, and perpetuate found themselves on the defensive: Politically, systems of inequity. they could no longer look to the president for support for their ideologically driven agenda. As • Despite these negative outcomes, the Trump administration and conservatives in Congress are pushing for funding a practical matter, they were faced with a wealth increases for abstinence-only programs in an effort to of evidence that abstinence-only programs do not promote an ideological and coercive agenda. work to deter or delay sex among young people. And public opinion was not on their side, with a majority of the public in favor of sex education that includes information about contraception in One of the most significant changes has been to addition to abstinence.1 Rather than reexamining rebrand abstinence-only programs as “sexual risk their programmatic approach, abstinence-only avoidance” programs, based on the premise that proponents began to adopt a new rhetorical frame young people should be held to a higher standard of in an attempt to appeal to a wider audience and in behavior than merely risk reduction. Risk avoidance preparation for a change in the political landscape. and risk reduction are two common public health prevention strategies that aim to address risk-taking With social conservatives now in control of both behaviors—such as cigarette smoking and illicit drug the White House and Congress, abstinence-only use—and promote differing protective behaviors. programs are poised for a dramatic comeback Interventions can range from those that promote and federal funding for these programs is likely to abstaining from the activity in the first place, return- see significant increases again. But despite some ing to abstinence (cessation) or reducing individual retooling, abstinence-only programs remain as risks if and when engaging in the activity. flawed as ever. For activities that have inherent dangers that out- Rebranding Abstinence-Only Programs weigh any potential benefits, such as cigarette Over the past several years, proponents of smoking or drunk driving, this range of strategies abstinence-only programs have been working to makes sense. But sexual activity is not like many enhance their brand and reframe their approach. other risky behaviors, which can be prevented Guttmacher Policy Review | Vol. 21 | 2018 www.guttmacher.org 11 altogether. By contrast, sexual activity is a natural 2017, Valerie Huber, the former president and and healthy part of being human, and sexuality—far CEO of Ascend, was appointed chief of staff to from being inherently harmful—can offer pleasure the assistant secretary for health within the U.S. and intimacy throughout one’s life, not to mention Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the potential for having children. with the authority to direct the work of offices charged with promoting sexual and reproductive Another part of the abstinence-only rebranding health information and services.7 effort has been elevating the concept of “suc- cess sequencing for poverty prevention.” Initially Proponents are using their new-found influence to developed by analysts at the Brookings Institution, revitalize and reshape federal abstinence-only pro- this view holds that the formula for escaping grams. There are two such programs at the federal poverty is for young people to finish high school, level. The first of these programs, created in 1996 work full time, and wait to get married and have under Title V of the Social Security Act, provided at children until at least age 21.2 Groups across the its peak $75 million per year to states for programs political spectrum have endorsed and adapted that conformed to a highly restrictive eight-point this concept, some by concluding that waiting definition of “abstinence education.” Some of the until marriage to have sex enables young people more controversial components of this definition to follow this model for success. Abstinence-only included teaching that “abstinence from sexual proponents have taken advantage of the currency activity is the only certain way to avoid out-of- of success sequencing to promote their programs wedlock pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, as poverty prevention measures. and other associated health problems” and that “a mutually faithful monogamous relationship in Abstinence-only proponents and programs have context of marriage is the expected standard of co-opted several other concepts as well. They human sexual activity.”8 have adopted terms such as “evidence-based” and “medically accurate and complete,” and embraced The second federal abstinence-only program language on “healthy relationships” and “youth was a competitive grant program created by empowerment,” all of which are typically associ- Congress in 2000 to bypass the states entirely ated with programs that respect young people’s and provide funding directly to community- decision making. For example, even though based organizations. Under the George W. Bush abstinence-only programs may claim to pro- administration, annual funding for the program— mote “healthy relationships” and provide “youth then called “community-based abstinence empowerment,” the terms are used in the context education” and explicitly tied to the same of federal program requirements that “ensure restrictive eight-point definition—ballooned from that the unambiguous and primary emphasis and $20 million initially to $113 million at its peak. The context...is a message to youth that normalizes program ended briefly after Obama came into the optimal health behavior of avoiding nonmari- office, but was revived in federal fiscal year (FY) tal sexual activity.”3 In 2012, the primary advo- 2012 at $5 million. cacy organization for abstinence-only programs, the National Abstinence Education Association Both of these programs have been revised and (NAEA), dropped “abstinence” from its name renamed in recent years, but the goal remains the altogether and rebranded itself as “Ascend.” same: to implement programs exclusively focused Nevertheless, most of the “sexual risk avoidance” on voluntarily refraining from sexual activity curricula endorsed by Ascend are the same as the outside of marriage. First, in FY 2016, Congress “abstinence education” curricula promoted by renamed the competitive grant program as NAEA prior to 2012 and have the same goals.4–6 “sexual risk avoidance” and decoupled it from the eight-point definition of “abstinence education.” With social conservatives now in the White To qualify for funding, programs must, among House, abstinence-only proponents are in posi- other things, “teach the benefits associated with tions of power within the administration. In June self-regulation, success sequencing for poverty Guttmacher Policy Review | Vol. 21 | 2018 www.guttmacher.org 12 Sex is a natural part of being human, and 65% of 18-year-olds Same Inherent Flaws and 93% of 25-year-olds have had sexual intercourse Despite efforts to rebrand abstinence-only programs, % of individuals who have had sexual intercourse, by age these approaches remain just as harmful as in the 100% 97% 98% 99% 93% past. Abstinence-only pro- age 25 grams are ineffective at 80 79% reaching their primary goal of keeping young people 60 65% age 18 from engaging in sexual activity as well as at meet- 40 ing the needs of all ado- lescents. They also create 20 22% barriers for young people in making informed deci- 0 1% sions about their health, require unethical behavior 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45from educators, perpetuate inequities and discrimina- Source: National Survey of Family Growth. Note: Data are from 2013. tion, and promote stigma against marginalized indi- prevention,” and “resisting sexual coercion…with- viduals and toward sex more generally in society. out normalizing teen sexual activity.”9 Funding for the program has again started to increase, rising Ineffective at their primary goal. Even judging to $15 million in FY 2017 and likely to go as high the abstinence-only approach on its own limited as $25 million under House and Senate spending terms—where the only thing that matters proposals for FY 2018. is stopping or even delaying sex outside of marriage—this approach is ineffective. The first In February 2018, the Title V abstinence-only pro- federally funded evaluation of Title V abstinence- gram (which expired briefly in September 2017) only programs, conducted in 2007 by Mathematica was renewed for two more years at $75 million Policy Research on behalf of HHS, found no annually under the new name of “sexual risk
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Exploring Reasons Why Men and Women Refrain from Sex Despite Desire
    UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 12-1-2012 Exploring Reasons Why Men and Women Refrain from Sex Despite Desire Alessandra Lanti University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, and the Psychology Commons Repository Citation Lanti, Alessandra, "Exploring Reasons Why Men and Women Refrain from Sex Despite Desire" (2012). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/4332727 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EXPLORING REASONS WHY MEN AND WOMEN REFRAIN FROM SEX DESPITE DESIRE By Alessandra Lanti Bachelor of Arts in Psychology University of Nevada Las Vegas 2008 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Psychology Department of Psychology College of Liberal Arts The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas December 2012 THE GRADUATE COLLEGE We recommend the thesis prepared under our supervision by Alessandra Lanti entitled Exploring Reasons Why Men and Women Refrain from Sex Despite Desire be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology Department of Psychology Marta Meana, Ph.D., Committee Chair Michelle G.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Equal Treatment of Intimate Forms of Life
    Buffalo Law Review Volume 66 Number 4 Article 4 8-1-2018 From Marriage to Households: Towards Equal Treatment of Intimate Forms of Life Deborah Zalesne City University of New York School of Law Adam Dexter Supreme Court of New York Appellate Division, Second Department Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/buffalolawreview Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, and the Family Law Commons Recommended Citation Deborah Zalesne & Adam Dexter, From Marriage to Households: Towards Equal Treatment of Intimate Forms of Life, 66 Buff. L. Rev. 909 (2018). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/buffalolawreview/vol66/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Buffalo Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Buffalo Law Review VOLUME 66 AUGUST 2018 NUMBER 4 From Marriage to Households: Towards Equal Treatment of Intimate Forms of Life DEBORAH ZALESNE† & ADAM DEXTER‡ When the civil magistrate sought to justify his reign, he preached to the people that under his rule they are free and equal: free to pursue their conceptions of the good life and equal under the law. For word of the good news to reach the people, the civil magistrate invited citizens from each community under his jurisdiction to hear him preach: Joseph, Gautama, Sarah, Aisha, Hillary, and Isa, each of whom was pursuing his or her own conceptions of the good life by choosing associations fit for them.
    [Show full text]
  • Adolescents' Thoughts About Abstinence and Sex, and Their
    The Opposite of Sex? Adolescents’ Thoughts About Abstinence and Sex, and Their Sexual Behavior CONTEXT: Little research has explored how teenagers think about abstinence and how it functions in their lives. These By N. Tatiana questions are particularly salient in light of widespread funding of abstinence-only programs in the United States. Masters, Blair A. Beadnell, Diane M. METHODS: Data on attitudes and intentions related to abstinence and sex were collected from 365 adolescents aged Morrison, Marilyn 12–15 who participated in an HIV risk reduction program in Seattle in 2001–2003. Logistic regression analyses assessed J. Hoppe and Mary associations between these cognitions, as measured six months after the program, and teenagers’ likelihood of having Rogers Gillmore vaginal or anal sex in the subsequent six months. N. Tatiana Masters is RESULTS: Adolescents who had positive attitudes and intentions about abstinence had a reduced likelihood of adoctoralcandidate, subsequently engaging in sex (odds ratio, 0.6 for each), whereas those with positive attitudes and intentions about Blair A. Beadnell and havingsexhadanelevatedlikelihoodofengaginginsex(2.2and3.5,respectively).Aregressionmodelincludingonlysex Marilyn J. Hoppe are cognitions accounted for substantially more variation in sexual activity than did one including only abstinence research scientists and cognitions (15–26% vs. 6–8%). Significant interaction effects were also seen: Among teenagers with low levels of sex Diane M. Morrison is professor, all at the intention, greater abstinence intention had little relationship to the predicted probability of having sex, but among School of Social Work, teenagers with high levels of sex intention, greater abstinence intention was associated with increases in the predicted University of Wash- probability of having sex.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Philosophy of Sexuality Alan Soble Drexel University Updated: May 10
    Philosophy of Sexuality Alan Soble Drexel University Updated: May 10, 2009 www.iep.utm.edu/sexualit Among the many topics explored by the philosophy of sexuality are procreation, contraception, celibacy, marriage, adultery, casual sex, flirting, prostitution, homosexuality, masturbation, seduction, rape, sexual harassment, sadomasochism, pornography, bestiality, and pedophilia. What do all these things have in common? All are related in various ways to the vast domain of human sexuality. That is, they are related, on the one hand, to the human desires and activities that involve the search for and attainment of sexual pleasure or satisfaction and, on the other hand, to the human desires and activities that involve the creation of new human beings. For it is a natural feature of human beings that certain sorts of behaviors and certain bodily organs are and can be employed either for pleasure or for reproduction, or for both. The philosophy of sexuality explores these topics both conceptually and normatively. Conceptual analysis is carried out in the philosophy of sexuality in order to clarify the fundamental notions of sexual desire and sexual activity. Conceptual analysis is also carried out in attempting to arrive at satisfactory definitions of adultery, prostitution, rape, pornography, and so forth. Conceptual analysis (for example: what are the distinctive features of a desire that make it sexual desire instead of something else? In what ways does seduction differ from nonviolent rape?) is often difficult and seemingly picky, but proves rewarding in unanticipated and surprising ways. Normative philosophy of sexuality inquires about the value of sexual activity and sexual pleasure and of the various forms they take.
    [Show full text]
  • Misusing Freud: Psychoanalysis and the Rise of Homosexual Conversion Therapy
    Psi Sigma Siren Volume 8 Issue 1 Article 2 2014 Misusing Freud: Psychoanalysis and the Rise of Homosexual Conversion Therapy Jonathan Barrett University of Nevada, Las Vegas, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/psi_sigma_siren Part of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies Commons, and the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Barrett, Jonathan (2014) "Misusing Freud: Psychoanalysis and the Rise of Homosexual Conversion Therapy," Psi Sigma Siren: Vol. 8 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/psi_sigma_siren/vol8/iss1/2 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Article in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Article has been accepted for inclusion in Psi Sigma Siren by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Psi Sigma Siren The Journal of the UNLV Chapter of Phi Alpha Theta: Winter 2014 Misusing Freud: Psychoanalysis and the Rise of Homosexual Conversion Therapy - Jonathan Barrett Current ideas of conversion therapy often focus on extremist religious groups that wish to cleanse the world of what they view as an immoral abomination, homosexuality.1 However, conversion therapy started out as mostly scientific curiosity.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Essentialism and Sex Education
    ACCESS: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN EDUCATION 1985, VOL. 4, NO. 1, 15–32 Sexual essentialism and sex education Joseph A. Diorio Education Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand ABSTRACT Like any form of behaviour, sexuality could have its origins in any or all of three sources: the biology of human organisms; the psychology or intellect of individuals; and the environment, either physical, socio-cultural, or both. Which of these is identified as the primary source of sexual behaviour is linked with the way sexuality is defined and the way possibilities for controlling its expression are conceived. Few people presently believe that sexuality originates in individual psychology or intentions. Rather, most opinion is divided between two other, alternative views. The first holds that human sexual behaviour is produced by human biological nature. The second alternative asserts that sexuality is a product of the socio-cultural environment. Given the present state of our understanding of sexuality, it is not possible to proclaim either of these two opinions about the origins of sexual behaviour to be correct. I believe that there are good reasons for favouring the socio-cultural conception of sex. In this discussion, however, I wish only to emphasize the importance to proposals for sex education of the controversy over these two views, and to explore aspects of the socio-cultural view that are relevant to judging the educational legitimacy of current proposals for school-based sex instruction. A Sex education historically has been concerned predominantly with influencing human behaviour. While any use of schooling as an instrument of behavioural control can be challenged on ethical grounds, many sex education programmes and proposals for schools also face a different, conceptual problem.
    [Show full text]
  • BEHAVIORAL EXPRESSIONS of SEXUALITY and SEXUAL SATISFACTION of HETEROSEXUAL and HOMOSEXUAL COUPLES Sinuhe Estrada-Carmona*; Gris
    British Journal of Psychology Research Vol.8, No.2, pp. 33-40, May 2020 Published by ECRTD-UK Print ISSN: 2055-0863(Print), Online ISSN: 2055-0871(Online) BEHAVIORAL EXPRESSIONS OF SEXUALITY AND SEXUAL SATISFACTION OF HETEROSEXUAL AND HOMOSEXUAL COUPLES Sinuhe Estrada-Carmona*; Griselda Jael Perdomo-Tucuch; Cintia Marlene Chan- Puch; Gabriela Isabel Pérez-Aranda; Miguel Ángel Tuz-Sierra: Liliana García- Reyes Autonomus University of Campeche, Mexico. Av. Agustín Melgar S/N between 20 street and Juan de la Barrera. Col. Buenavista, Campeche, México. ZC 24039 ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to analyze the behavioral expressions of sexuality and sexual satisfaction in heterosexual and homosexual couples, for which two instruments were applied: the “Index of sexual satisfaction” (Hudson, 1989) consisting of 25 items and the “Scale for measuring attitudes towards the practice of behavioral expressions of sexuality” (Sánchez, 2009) consisting of 82 items, which was modified to consist of 5 indicators: Masochism, Voyeurism, Sadism, Fetishism and Chastity. The sample consisted of 15 homosexual couples and 15 heterosexual couples from the state of Campeche, with an age range of 20 to 25 years, with their partner having at least one year of relationship. Among the results, we found that the behavioral expressions of sexuality are related to the sexual satisfaction of heterosexual and homosexual couples. Women show greater sexual satisfaction compared to men, without showing significant differences, and the attitude with greater acceptance of couples is fetishism compared to other attitudes (masochism, voyeurism, sadism and chastity). KEY WORDS: sexual satisfaction, behavioral expressions, sexuality. INTRODUCTION Human beings have sexual organs that allow them to experience satisfaction and reproduction throughout life, however, as Carmona (2011) mentions; the theme of human sexuality has raised - since the end of the 19th century - an important body of theoretical production in scientific disciplines such as anthropology, sexology, sociology and psychology.
    [Show full text]
  • SEXUALITY EDUCATION Eva S. Goldfarb Department of Health And
    SEXUALITY EDUCATION Eva S. Goldfarb Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences College of Education and Human Services Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ [email protected] Norman A. Constantine Center for Research on Adolescent Health and Development, Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA, and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA [email protected] To appear in: B.B. Brown & M. Prinstein (Eds.). (2011). Encyclopedia of adolescence. NY: Academic Press. REVISED: January 9, 2011 1 Synopsis Sexuality education comprises the lifelong intentional processes by which people learn about themselves and others as sexual, gendered beings from biological, psychological and socio-cultural perspectives. It takes place through a potentially wide range of programs and activities in schools, community settings, religious centers, as well as informally within families, among peers, and through electronic and other media. Sexuality education for adolescents occurs in the context of the biological, cognitive, and social-emotional developmental progressions and issues of adolescence. Formal sexuality education falls into two main categories: behavior change approaches, which are represented by abstinence-only and abstinence-plus models, and healthy sexual development approaches, represented by comprehensive sexuality education models. Evaluations of program effectiveness, largely based on the outcomes of behavior change models, provide strong evidence that abstinence-only programs are ineffective, and mixed
    [Show full text]
  • Men's Masculinity and Attractiveness Predict Their Female Partners' Reported Orgasm Frequency and Timing ⁎ David A
    Evolution and Human Behavior 33 (2012) 1–9 Original Article Men's masculinity and attractiveness predict their female partners' reported orgasm frequency and timing ⁎ David A. Putsa, , Lisa L.M. Wellinga, Robert P. Burrissa,1, Khytam Dawoodb aDepartment of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA bDepartment of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA Initial receipt 25 January 2011; final revision received 10 March 2011 Abstract It has been hypothesized that female orgasm evolved to facilitate recruitment of high-quality genes for offspring. Supporting evidence indicates that female orgasm promotes conception, although this may be mediated by the timing of female orgasm in relation to male ejaculation. This hypothesis also predicts that women will achieve orgasm more frequently when copulating with high-quality males, but limited data exist to support this prediction. We therefore explored relationships between the timing and frequency of women's orgasms and putative markers of the genetic quality of their mates, including measures of attractiveness, facial symmetry, dominance, and masculinity. We found that women reported more frequent and earlier-timed orgasms when mated to masculine and dominant men—those with high scores on a principal component characterized by high objectively-measured facial masculinity, observer-rated facial masculinity, partner-rated masculinity, and partner-rated dominance. Women reported more frequent orgasm during or after male ejaculation when mated to attractive men—those with high scores on a principal component characterized by high observer-rated and self-rated attractiveness. Putative measures of men's genetic quality did not predict their mates' orgasms from self-masturbation or from non-coital partnered sexual behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • Eroticism and Sexual Pleasure in Diane Case's
    ! ECAS 2013 5th European Conference on African Studies African Dynamics in a Multipolar World ©2014 Centro de Estudos Internacionais do Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) ISBN: 978-989-732-364-5 EROTICISM AND SEXUAL PLEASURE IN DIANE CASE’S TOASTED PENIS AND CHEESE Ifeyinwa Genevieve Okolo Department of English and Literary Studies Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria [email protected] Eroticism and sexual pleasure in Diane Case’s Toasted Penis and Cheese! Abstract This paper explores eroticism and pleasure in Diane Case’s Toasted Penis and Cheese showing the wide variety of available sexual pleasures to men and women, but with emphasis on the avenues of pleasure available to the woman. Sexual pleasures in the novel are presented in binary forms with the socio-cultural and religious factors determining what are classified in these binaries as good/bad, moral/immoral, and acceptable/unacceptable. Case represents different understandings and ideologies over varied sexual behaviours and pleasure without subscribing to the inhibitions generated by these ideologies – she rather places adult consent over them. The degree of sexual satisfaction or its denial contributes significantly to the general wellbeing of the individual, and, to an extent, determines the pace of human inter-relations. Key words: eroticism, sexual pleasure, sexual satisfaction/denial, sexuality, morality, auto-eroticism 1618 Ifeyinwa Genevieve Okolo Eroticism and sexual pleasure in Diane Case’s Toasted Penis and Cheese! Sexual Pleasure/Eroticism: An Overview Much of what exists as the body of literature on eroticism, beginning from the ancient texts on sex have their focus on how best to maximise pleasure for the man with little attention paid to the woman’s pleasure.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexuality Is Universal: Implications for Using a Constructivist Approach to Sexuality Training in Counselor Education Programs
    Suggested APA style reference information can be found at http://www.counseling.org/library/ Article 12 Sexuality Is Universal: Implications for Using a Constructivist Approach to Sexuality Training in Counselor Education Programs Paper based on a program presented at the 2011 ACES Conference, Nashville, TN, October 27, 2011. Wenndy Dupkoski Dupkoski, Wenndy “Wynn,” is a PhD candidate at the University of South Carolina. She has been providing therapy to adolescents with sexual behavior problems and sexual trauma and is interested in research on sexuality training and supervision practices in counselor education. Sexuality is unrivaled as the most basic and yet most controversial experience throughout history. Sexuality crosses culture, gender, age, and even species. It permeates pop culture and mass media. In spite of significant research by Kinsey, Masters and Johnson, and Money at varying points in the young history of psychology, sexuality continues to incite discomfort and difference. Perspectives and interventions regarding sexuality are as varied as snowflakes and are often permeated with contradiction. Understanding typical sexual behavior helps define the often blurred line between normal and pathological sexual practices, aiding counselors as they help clients navigate through the complexities of their sexual experiences, behaviors, and values. The current article offers counselor educators an opportunity to explore the relevance of sexuality in mental health, examine the significance of modifying sexuality training in counselor education programs, and entertain the use of a constructivist approach to educate while respecting cultural diversity. Disordered Sexuality in Mental Illness There is an ongoing debate about what sexual behaviors constitute normal and abnormal sexuality, with definitions within the counseling field relying heavily on social and cultural influences.
    [Show full text]
  • Linking Sexual and Reproductive Health and Gender Programs and Services with Prevention of HIV/STI PAHO HQ Library Catalog-In-Publication
    Linking Sexual and Reproductive Health and Gender Programs and Services with Prevention of HIV/STI PAHO HQ Library Catalog-in-Publication Pan American Health Organization “Linking Sexual and Reproductive Health and Gender Programs and Services with Prevention of HIV/STI” Washington, D.C.: OPS, © 2010 ISBN: 978-92-75-13077-3 I. Title 1. HIV INFECTIONS – prevention & control 2. SEXUALLY TRANSMITED DISEASES – prevention & control 3. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES – organization & administration 4. PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES – methods 5. HEALTH PROMOTION 6. SEX EDUCATION – manpower 7. SEXUALLITY NLM WC503.6 The Pan American Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Applications and inquiries should be addressed to the HIV/AIDS Unit, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA, which will be glad to provide the latest information on any changes made to the text, plans for new editions, and reprints and translations already available. © Pan American Health Organization, 2010 Publications of the Pan American Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights are reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Pan American Health Organization concerning the status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the Pan American Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
    [Show full text]