DOCSLIB.ORG

Profile of Internal Displacement : Myanmar (Burma)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Profile of Internal Displacement : Myanmar (Burma) PROFILE OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT : MYANMAR (BURMA) Compilation of the information available in the Global IDP Database of the Norwegian Refugee Council (as of 28 June, 2001) Also available at http://www.idpproject.org Users of this document are welcome to credit the Global IDP Database for the collection of information. The opinions expressed here are those of the sources and are not necessarily shared by the Global IDP Project or NRC Norwegian Refugee Council/Global IDP Project Chemin Moïse Duboule, 59 1209 Geneva - Switzerland Tel: + 41 22 788 80 85 Fax: + 41 22 788 80 86 E-mail : [email protected] CONTENTS CONTENTS 1 PROFILE SUMMARY 5 CAUSES AND BACKGROUND OF DISPLACEMENT 7 MAIN CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT 7 ARMY OFFENSIVES AGAINST ETHNIC OPPOSITION GROUPS HAVE CAUSED MASSIVE DISPLACEMENT OF THE CIVIL POPULATION SINCE THE LATE 1980S (1998-2001) 7 THE ARMY TARGETS CIVILIANS IN ORDER TO CUT SUPPLIES OF FOOD, FUNDS, RECRUITS AND INFORMATION TO ETHNIC RESISTANCE GROUPS (1999-2000) 9 FORCED RELOCATION REMAINS A MAIN CAUSE OF DISPLACEMENT OF THE CIVIL POPULATION AND IS CLOSELY LINKED TO FORCED LABOUR (1998-2000) 11 ILO DOCUMENTS A PERVASIVE USE OF FORCED LABOUR IN 1998 - RECENT INFORMATION INDICATES THAT FORCED LABOUR REMAINS COMMON PRACTICE (1998-2001) 13 PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS FORCE PEOPLE TO RELOCATE (1998-1999) 16 SUBSTANTIAL FORCED RELOCATION OF URBAN POPULATIONS DURING THE EARLY 1990S 18 FORCED RELOCATION IN TENASSERIM DIVISION DIRECTLY LINKED TO CONSTRUCTION OF GAS PIPELINES (1991-2000) 19 BACKGROUND FOR DISPLACEMENT IN SPECIFIC STATES OR THE ETHNIC GROUPS 20 INTENSIFICATION OF FORCED RELOCATION IN SHAN STATE DUE TO CONTINUED ARMED STRUGGLE (1996-2000) 20 INCREASED DISPLACEMENT OF KAREN VILLAGERS AFTER ESCALATED FIGHTING BETWEEN ARMY AND OPPOSITION FORCES (1995-1999) 22 REPORTS THAT KAREN PEOPLE CONTINUE TO DISPLACED IN THE NYAUNGLEBIN AND PAPUN DISTRICTS (2000-2001) 24 DECREASED DISPLACEMENT OF THE MON PEOPLE SINCE CEASE FIRE IN 1995 25 SUBSTANTIAL FORCED RELOCATION IN THE KARENNI (KAYAH) STATE (1996-2000) 27 LAND CONFISCATION AND DISPLACEMENT IN THE KACHIN STATE (2000) 29 INCREASED FIGHTING IN NAGALAND DISPLACES THE CIVIL POPULATION (2000-2001) 30 FORCED RELOCATIONS OF MUSLIMS (1997) 31 DISPLACEMENT WITHIN THE ARAKAN (RAKHINE) STATE (2000) 32 INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT IN OTHER STATES AND DIVISIONS OF BURMA (2000) 34 POPULATION PROFILE AND FIGURES 35 NATIONAL TOTAL FIGURES 35 SUGGESTED THAT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED EXCEEDS ONE MILLION - SEVERAL SOURCES ESTIMATE A MINIMUM OF 600,000 IDPS IN BORDER AREAS (1999-2000) 35 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 36 COMPILATION OF FIGURES ON INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT BY THE BURMA ETHNIC RESEARCH GROUP (BERG) – (2000) 36 OVER 300,000 SHAN VILLAGERS AFFECTED BY RELOCATION PROGRAMME (1996-2000) 36 REPORTS OF MORE THAN 200,000 IDPS IN THE KAREN STATE (1999) 37 OVER 50,000 KARENNI REPORTED INTERNALLY DISPLACED BY 2000 39 PATTERNS OF DISPLACEMENT 41 GENERAL 41 PEOPLE BECOME DISPLACED AS ARMY ORDERS VILLAGES TO MOVE OR THEY FLEE WHEN THE MILITARY FRONT MOVE CLOSE TO THEIR PLACES OF RESIDENCE (1998) 41 TWO CATEGORIES OF IDPS: THE DISPLACED AND THE DISPERSED (1999) 41 MANY REFUGEES HAVE SURVIVED TWO YEARS OR MORE AS IDPS IN RELOCATION SITES OR HIDING BEFORE ENTERING THAILAND (1998) 42 DISPLACEMENTS IN THE ETHNIC STATES 43 PATTERNS OF DISPLACEMENT IN THE SHAN STATE (1999-2000) 43 PATTERNS OF DISPLACEMENT IN THE KAREN STATE (1999-2001) 45 DISPLACEMENT PATTERNS WITHIN THE KARENNI STATE (1999-2000) 48 PROTECTION CONCERNS 52 PROTECTION NEEDS OF CIVILIANS AFTER BEING DISPLACED 52 REPORTS OF PEOPLE EXPERIENCING HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES AFTER BEING FORCED TO MOVE TO RELOCATION SITES (2000) 52 INADEQUATE PROTECTION BOTH WITHIN AND OUTSIDE KARENNI RELOCATION SITES (2000) 53 IDPS IN HIDING RISK ATTACK BY SPDC SOLDIERS (1999-2000) 54 WOMEN AND CHILDREN TERRORISED BY ARMY SOLDIERS IN EMERGENCY ZONES AND RELOCATION SITES (1999) 56 LACK OF PROTECTION FOR RETURNING REFUGEES 57 CONCERNS RAISED ABOUT HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION FACING RETURNING ROHINGYAS IN THE RAKHINE (ARAKAN) STATE (1999-2000) 57 MON REFUGEES WHO RETURN FROM THAILAND LACK PROTECTION (1998) 58 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH WARNS AGAINST REPATRIATION OF BURMESE REFUGEES IN THAILAND (2000) 59 SUBSISTENCE NEEDS (HEALTH NUTRITION AND SHELTER) 61 HEALTH 61 NO PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES AVAILABLE FOR IDPS FROM THE SHAN STATE (1999) 61 HEALTH SERVICE SYSTEM WITHIN THE KAREN STATE COLLAPSED AFTER FALL OF KNU HEADQUARTERS TO JUNTA FORCES (1998) 62 KARENNI RELOCATION CAMPS ARE CLOSING DOWN - INTERNALLY DISPLACED LIVE A PRECARIOUS EXISTENCE IN THE RAIN FORESTS NEAR THE THAI BORDER (2000) 63 IDPS IN KARENNI/KAYAH RELOCATION SITES EXTREMELY VULNERABLE TO MALNUTRITION AND TREATABLE DISEASES (2000) 63 NUTRITION AND FOOD 64 2 IN THE SHAN STATE, LACK OF FOOD FORCES MANY PEOPLE TO LEAVE THE RELOCATION SITES (1999-2000) 64 KARENNI IDPS IN RELOCATION SITES HAVE INADEQUATE ACCESS TO FOOD (1999-2000) 66 SHELTER 68 DISMAL SHELTER CONDITIONS IN SHAN RELOCATION SITES REPORTED IN 1999 68 MINIMAL PREPARATIONS MADE IN ADVANCE OF THE ARRIVAL OF IDPS IN RELOCATION SITES (1998) 68 ACCESS TO EDUCATION 70 GENERAL 70 LONG-TERM CONFLICT HAS CAUSED GENERATIONS OF GIRLS BEING WITHOUT EDUCATION (2000) 70 DISPLACED CHILDREN HAVE LIMITED ACCESS TO EDUCATION (1998-2000) 71 ISSUES OF SELF-RELIANCE AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 73 LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DISPLACED 73 FORCED LABOUR UNDERMINES LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DISPLACED (2000) 73 THE ARMED FORCES ARE SEEN AS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR FOOD SCARCITY AND SUBSEQUENT DISPLACEMENT (1999-2001) 73 LOCAL FARMERS FORCED TO GROW CROPS FOR THE TROOPS (1999-2000) 75 DOCUMENTATION NEEDS AND CITIZENSHIP 78 LEGAL STATUS OF ETHNIC MINORITIES 78 RESTRICTED FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT FOR MINORITY GROUPS (2000) 78 NO REPORTS OF ID CARDS BEING PERMANENTLY CONFISCATED WHEN VILLAGERS WERE RELOCATED IN THE SHAN STATE (1999) 79 ISSUES OF FAMILY UNITY, IDENTITY AND CULTURE 81 GENERAL 81 IDPS IN RELOCATION SITES NOT ALLOWED TO BUILD CHURCHES (1999) 81 MANY COMMUNITIES REMAIN TOGETHER AFTER BEING DISPLACED (1999-2000) 81 PROPERTY ISSUES 83 GENERAL 83 WARFARE IN THE BORDER AREAS IS CLOSELY LINKED TO THE ISSUE OF GAINING CONTROL OVER STRATEGIC RESOURCES (1999-2000) 83 HOUSES BURNED TO OBSTRUCT IDPS RETURNING TO THEIR VILLAGES (1999) 84 GOVERNMENT TROOPS REPORTED TO HAVE APPROPRIATED PROPERTY LEFT BEHIND BY IDPS (1998) 85 WHEN FORCING PEOPLE TO RELOCATE GOVERNMENT IGNORES PROPERTY RIGHTS (1998) 86 3 PATTERNS OF RETURN AND RESETTLEMENT 87 GENERAL 87 REPORTS OF SOME RETURN FROM RELOCATIONS SITES (1998-99) 87 LACK OF SECURITY AND DESTROYED INFRASTRUCTURE DISCOURAGE RETURN (1999) 88 HUMANITARIAN ACCESS 90 GENERAL LIMITATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS TO WORK INSIDE MYANMAR 90 THE GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO IMPOSE RESTRICTIONS ON ACCESS TO THE INTERNALLY DISPLACED (2000-2001) 90 REPORT SUGGEST THAT SOME LOCAL MILITARY COMMANDERS ALLOW NGO ASSISTANCE TO THE DISPLACED (2000) 91 SOME IDPS REACHED BY BACKPACK HEALTH WORKERS ORGANISED BY LOCAL MEDICAL GROUPS AND ETHNIC ORGANIZATIONS (1999) 91 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES 93 INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL INITIATIVES 93 THE UN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS DEPLORES THE CONTINUING VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN MYANMAR (APRIL 2001) 93 THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY DEPLORES THE CONTINUED VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN MYANMAR (FROM 81ST PLENARY MEETING 4 DECEMBER 2000) 94 THE ILO CONFERENCE RESOLUTION ON MYANMAR ON 14 JUNE 2000 CAME INTO EFFECT BY THE END OF THE YEAR 94 CALLS FOR A MORE THOROUGH INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE TO THE SITUATION OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT IN BURMA (1999-2000) 96 CALL FOR PROTECTION AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO KARENNI IDPS (MAY 2000) 97 INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES 99 THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE TO THE ISSUES OF DISPLACEMENT IN BURMA HAS REMAINED LIMITED AND UNCOORDINATED (2000) 99 ICRC HAS ACCESS TO PLACES OF DETENTION 100 RESPONSE BY NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS 100 LIMITED ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY NGOS AND INDIVIDUAL GROUPS TO IDPS ACROSS THE BORDER FROM THAILAND (1998-2000) 100 INTERNATIONAL NGOS OPERATING INSIDE MYANMAR FOCUS THEIR WORK ON HEALTH ISSUES (1997) 102 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 105 LIST OF SOURCES USED 106 4 PROFILE SUMMARY Internal displacement is not a new phenomenon in Burma and affects both urban and rural areas (BERG September 2000). Displacement of the civil population accelerated after the army crackdown of the democratic movement in 1988. Conflict induced internal displacement in ethnic minority areas became a major issue during the 1990s when the military rulers intensified their campaign to gain control over ethnic insurgency groups in the border areas which had been effectively semi-autonomous. Today, the army of the ruling "State Peace and Development Council” (SPDC) controls most of the ethnic minority areas, but at a heavy cost: the army has expanded from 175,000 to more than 400,000 soldiers since 1988 (U.S.DOS February 2001). Although several cease-fires have been agreed between insurgency groups and the government, fighting continues in the Shan, Karen (Kayin) and Karenni (Kayah) states and in Naga areas, displacing thousands of civilians. Access to strategic resources in the border states is an important motivation for continued fighting (BERG September 2000). Displacement patterns and protection concerns Independent monitoring or assistance to internally displaced persons has so far not been authorized and it is thus not possible to verify the number of IDPs in Burma. Tens of thousands of villagers in the contested zones remain in forced relocation sites or are internally
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Union Report the Union Report : Census Report Volume 2 Census Report Volume 2
    THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report The Union Report : Census Report Volume 2 Volume Report : Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2 Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population May 2015 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2 For more information contact: Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population Office No. 48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431 062 www.dop.gov.mm May, 2015 Figure 1: Map of Myanmar by State, Region and District Census Report Volume 2 (Union) i Foreword The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census (2014 MPHC) was conducted from 29th March to 10th April 2014 on a de facto basis. The successful planning and implementation of the census activities, followed by the timely release of the provisional results in August 2014 and now the main results in May 2015, is a clear testimony of the Government’s resolve to publish all information collected from respondents in accordance with the Population and Housing Census Law No. 19 of 2013. It is my hope that the main census results will be interpreted correctly and will effectively inform the planning and decision-making processes in our quest for national development. The census structures put in place, including the Central Census Commission, Census Committees and Offices at all administrative levels and the International Technical Advisory Board (ITAB), a group of 15 experts from different countries and institutions involved in censuses and statistics internationally, provided the requisite administrative and technical inputs for the implementation of the census.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2008
    cover_asia_report_2008_2:cover_asia_report_2007_2.qxd 28/11/2008 17:18 Page 1 Central Committee for Drug Lao National Commission for Drug Office of the Narcotics Abuse Control Control and Supervision Control Board Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43 1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43 1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION IN SOUTH EAST ASIA IN SOUTH EAST CULTIVATION OPIUM POPPY December 2008 Printed in Slovakia UNODC's Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme (ICMP) promotes the development and maintenance of a global network of illicit crop monitoring systems in the context of the illicit crop elimination objective set by the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on Drugs. ICMP provides overall coordination as well as direct technical support and supervision to UNODC supported illicit crop surveys at the country level. The implementation of UNODC's Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme in South East Asia was made possible thanks to financial contributions from the Government of Japan and from the United States. UNODC Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme – Survey Reports and other ICMP publications can be downloaded from: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/crop-monitoring/index.html The boundaries, names and designations used in all maps in this document do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. This document has not been formally edited. CONTENTS PART 1 REGIONAL OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • The Myanmar-Thailand Corridor 6 the Myanmar-Malaysia Corridor 16 the Myanmar-Korea Corridor 22 Migration Corridors Without Labor Attachés 25
    Online Appendixes Public Disclosure Authorized Labor Mobility As a Jobs Strategy for Myanmar STRENGTHENING ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES TO ENHANCE THE BENEFITS OF MOBILITY Public Disclosure Authorized Mauro Testaverde Harry Moroz Public Disclosure Authorized Puja Dutta Public Disclosure Authorized Contents Appendix 1 Labor Exchange Offices in Myanmar 1 Appendix 2 Forms used to collect information at Labor Exchange Offices 3 Appendix 3 Registering jobseekers and vacancies at Labor Exchange Offices 5 Appendix 4 The migration process in Myanmar 6 The Myanmar-Thailand corridor 6 The Myanmar-Malaysia corridor 16 The Myanmar-Korea corridor 22 Migration corridors without labor attachés 25 Appendix 5 Obtaining an Overseas Worker Identification Card (OWIC) 29 Appendix 6 Obtaining a passport 30 Cover Photo: Somrerk Witthayanant/ Shutterstock Appendix 1 Labor Exchange Offices in Myanmar State/Region Name State/Region Name Yangon No (1) LEO Tanintharyi Dawei Township Office Yangon No (2/3) LEO Tanintharyi Myeik Township Office Yangon No (3) LEO Tanintharyi Kawthoung Township Office Yangon No (4) LEO Magway Magwe Township Office Yangon No (5) LEO Magway Minbu District Office Yangon No (6/11/12) LEO Magway Pakokku District Office Yangon No (7) LEO Magway Chauk Township Office Yangon No (8/9) LEO Magway Yenangyaung Township Office Yangon No (10) LEO Magway Aunglan Township Office Yangon Mingalardon Township Office Sagaing Sagaing District Office Yangon Shwe Pyi Thar Township Sagaing Monywa District Office Yangon Hlaing Thar Yar Township Sagaing Shwe
    [Show full text]
  • PEACE Info (July 20, 2018)
    PEACE Info (July 20, 2018) − Tatmadaw intransigence and the quest for peace − NMSP worse off after signing accord: official − Can China be an agent of stability in northern Myanmar? − Tatmadaw Denies Killing 6 Female TNLA Medics in Captivity − Tatmadaw Accused of Torturing Shan Civilians in Loilem Township − Tatmadaw incessantly violates human rights during 21st Century Panglong Conference - SHRF − Decade-long WFP operations continue in Kachin State despite challenges − ဒီမိုကေရစီဖက္ဒရယ္ျပည္ေထာင္စု ထူေထာင္ေရးႏွင့္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ေျဖရွင္းသည့္မူကို ဒီခ်ဳပ္ဆက္လက္က်င့္သံုးမည္ − ၂၁ ပင္လံုမွာ ေဆြးေႏြးမႈပံုစံေတြ ေျပာင္းလဲဖို႔ ရိွလာႏိုင္ − ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးေကာ္မရွင္ ႏွင့္ KIO တို႕ခ်င္းမိုင္တြင္ အလြတ္သေဘာ ေတြ႕ဆံု − ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးေကာ္မရွင္နဲ႔ ေဆြးေႏြးပဲြ တုိက္ပဲြေတြေလွ်ာ့ခ်ေရး ေဆြးေႏြးဖုိ႔ရွိ − ယုံၾကည္မႈရွိရင္ ျမန္မာျပည္ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းမယ္လုိ႔ ထုိင္း ပါေမာကၡ ေျပာဆုိ − NCA လက္မွတ္ထုိးထားသည့္ ေဒသမ်ားတြင္ စီးပြားေရးျမႇင့္တင္ရန္ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ တိုင္းရင္းသားလုပ္ငန္းရွင္အသင္း ဖြဲ႕စည္း − RCSS/SSA အေနျဖင့္ တပ္သားသစ္ အဓမၼစုေဆာင္းမွုမရွိဟု ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီးယြက္စစ္ေျပာ − တပ္မေတာ္ သိမ္းထားသည့္ စခန္း ၂ ခု ျပန္ေပးရန္ NMSP ေတာင္းဆိုထား − လက္နက္ႏွင့္ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးလဲလွယ္သည္ဆုိေသာ KNU/KNLA (PC) မွ ဗိုလ္မွဴးေစာေဒြးေအာင္သည္ ေျမယာကိစၥျဖင့္ ဖမ္း၀ရမ္းထုတ္ခံထားရသူ ျဖစ္ဟုဆုိ − တအာင္းအဖြဲ႕ဝင္မ်ား တိုက္ပြဲအတြင္းေသဆုံးခဲ့ျခင္းျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း တပ္မေတာ္ရွင္းလင္း − TNLA တပ္ဖြဲ႕၀င္ေဆးမွဴး အမ်ိဳးသမီးမ်ား တုိက္ပြဲအတြင္း ေသဆုံးျခင္းျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း တပ္မေတာ္ထုတ္ျပန္ − ခႏၲီးတြင္ထားမည့္ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္႐ုပ္တုကိစၥ ေတြ႕ဆံုေဆြးေႏြးရန္ နာဂအဖြဲ႕အစည္းမ်ား၏ ကမ္းလွမ္းခ်က္ ျငင္းပယ္ခံရ − ကယားျပည္နယ္ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေၾကး႐ုပ္စိုက္ထူေရး အျငင္းပြားမွုပိုျပင္းထန္ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 1 of 28 Tatmadaw intransigence and the quest for peace A speech by Senior General Min Aung Hlaing has highlighted the rigid inflexibility of the Tatmadaw’s pursuit of peace on its terms.
    [Show full text]
  • 88-02 BURMA PRESS SUMMARY (From the WORKING PEOPLE's
    88-02 BURMA PRESS SUMMARY (from THE WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY) Vol.II, No. 2, February 1988 +-+-+-+-+ Table of Contents DIPLOMATIC New Belgian Ambassador 1 Nigerian Ambassador Approved 2 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION U.N. Disarmament Contest 2 Japanese Photo Exhibit 2 French and German Locomotives 2 Japanese Grants 2 German Wheelchairs Donated 2 Soviet Sports Equipment 2 British Video Tapes 2 FOREIGN VISITORS French Minister Delegate 2 Soviet Youth Delegation 3 French Parliamentarians 3 Chinese Arts Delegation 3 Malaysian Prime Minister 3 BURMESE DELEGATIONS Trade Delegation Returns 4 GOVERNMENT Military Agricultural Course 4 Union Flag Journey 4 Shan State Day 5 Union Day Fair Pavilions 5 Union Day Fair 5 Union Day Discussions 5 Union Day Objectives 8 The "Panglong Spirit" 8 Union Day Rally 8 Presidential Union Day Message 8 Pyithu Hluttaw Convened 9 Chin National Day 9 MILITARY KIA Atrocities 9 Other Insurgent Atrocities 9 Insurgents Surrender 9 Kachin Insurgents Denounced 9 Pa-O Insurgents 9 Bomb in Momauk 11 KNU Atrocities 11 Locomotive Damaged by Mine 11 KNU Insurgents Denounced 11 ECONOMIC Private Rice Exports Allowed 11 Airplane Demonstration 11 Palm Oil 11 "Ramie" Fiber 12 Salesmanship 12 "Commuters' Lament" 12 Burmese Peasants 12 Rainfall in Rangoon 13 HEALTH Nurses Conference 13 Medical Elections 13 Indigenous Medicine Reviewed 13 CULTURAL Burmese Bells 13 Second Ava Period Writers 15 Konbaung Period Writers 16 Maha Wizaya Ceremony 17 Chin Donation 17 Magazines 17 Moulmein University 17 Private Tutors Denounced 17 New Highschool Dedicated 17 Religious Convocation 18 Motion Pictures 18 Writers Meetings 18 SPORTS ISD Soccer Championship 18 ISD Cycling Meet 18 Football Coach Course 18 Burma Amateur Golf 18 Sports for Disabled 18 ISD Tennis Championship 19 MISCELLANEOUS Obituaries 19 Crime News 19 Fire in Rangoon 20 Fire in Nyaungdon 20 By Bicycle to Mandalay 20 Narcotics Statistics 20 +-+-+-+-+ Issue for Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • Languages of Myanmar
    Ethnologue report for Myanmar Page 1 of 20 Languages of Myanmar [See also SIL publications on the languages of Myanmar.] Union of Myanmar, Pyeidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw. Formerly Burma. 42,720,196. Speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages: 28,877,000 or 78% of the population, Daic languages 2,778,900 or 9.6%, Austro- Asiatic languages 1,934,900 or 6.7%, Hmong-Mien languages 6,000 (1991 J. Matisoff). National or official language: Burmese. Literacy rate: 66% to 78%; 78.5% over 15 years old (1991). Also includes Eastern Tamang, Geman Deng, Iu Mien, Malay (21,000), Sylheti, Chinese (1,015,000), people from Bangladesh and India (500,000). Information mainly from F. Lebar, G. Hickey, J. Musgrave 1964; A. Hale 1982; B. Comrie 1987; R. B. Jones 1988; J. Matisoff et al. 1996; D. Bradley 1997; R. Burling ms. (1998). Blind population: 214,440. Deaf population: 2,684,514. Deaf institutions: 1. The number of languages listed for Myanmar is 109. Of those, 108 are living languages and 1 is extinct. Living languages Achang [acn] 1,700 in Myanmar (1983). West of the Irrawaddy River in Katha District, near Banmauk, scattered among the Lashi. Along the China border. Alternate names: Anchan, Chung, Atsang, Acang, Ngac'ang, Ngachang, Ngochang, Mönghsa, Tai Sa'. Dialects: Maingtha. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto- Burman, Lolo-Burmese, Burmish, Northern More information. Akha [ahk] 200,000 in Myanmar (1991 UBS). Population total all countries: 449,261. Eastern part of Kengtung Shan State. Also spoken in China, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam. Alternate names: Kaw, Ekaw, Ko, Aka, Ikaw, Ak'a, Ahka, Khako, Kha Ko, Khao Kha Ko, Ikor, Aini, Yani.
    [Show full text]
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Living with four polities States and cross-border flows in the Myanmar-Thailand borderland Lertchavalitsakul, B. Publication date 2017 Document Version Final published version License Other Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Lertchavalitsakul, B. (2017). Living with four polities: States and cross-border flows in the Myanmar-Thailand borderland. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:23 Sep 2021 Living with Four Polities: States and Cross-border Flows in the Myanmar-Thailand Borderland Busarin Lertchavalitsakul © Busarin Lertchavalitsakul Cover Design: Nuankhanit Phromchanya ([email protected]) Graphic Design: Nuankhanit Phromchanya Photo: Busarin Lertchavalitsakul, otherwise credited Diagram & Table: Busarin Lertchavalitsakul Print: Ipskamp Printing Amsterdam ISBN: 978-94-028-0859-9 Living with Four Polities: States and Cross-border Flows in the Myanmar-Thailand Borderland ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Ground, the Army Is Taking Advantage of the Silence of the International Community.” Visit Report | Thai-Burma Borderland May 2015
    Humanitarian Aid Relief Trust “On the ground, the Army is taking advantage of the silence of the international community.” Visit Report | Thai-Burma Borderland May 2015 CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................ 3 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Executive Summary and Recommendations ................................................................................ 4 1.2. Visit Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.3. Terminology .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.4. Quotations .................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Findings ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1. Military Offensives ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Current Ceasefire and Peace Process Negotiations ..................................................................... 9 2.3. Land expropriation and large scale developments .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Terms of References: Payment Service Provider
    Final Terms of References: Payment Service Provider Maternal and Child Cash Transfer Program APRIL 3, 2020 DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Terms of References: Payment Service Provider—Myanmar 1. Introduction Page 2 2. Objectives Page 2 3. Scope of Work Page 3 a. Service b. Coverage c. Information d. Customer Care 4. Fees, Disbursement and Other Charges Page 6 a. Fees b. Disbursement c. Impost, Costs and Charges 5. Verification and Auditing Page 7 6. Representations and Warranties Page 8 a. Litigation b. Compliances c. Reporting d. Contact 7. Termination Page 9 8. Indemnity Page 9 Appendix A: Area Information, Map, List of Townships and Estimated Number of Beneficiaries (Shan State) Page 11 Appendix B: Area Information, Map, List of Townships and Estimated Number of Beneficiaries (Ayeyarwady Region) Page 13 Appendix C: Proxy Eligibility Criteria Page 15 Appendix D: Anti-Corruption Guidelines Page 16 Appendix E: Consideration Factors for Service Provider Selection Version 1 Page 17 Version 2 Page 18 1 1. INTRODUCTION The Government of Myanmar (GoM) and the World Bank are preparing a new Project to reduce childhood stunting in a selected poor Region (R)s and State (S)s. The Project has two objectives: first, to increase the utilization of nutrition services and second, to improve key nutrition behaviors. Towards meeting these objectives, the Project will implement a nutrition-sensitive cash transfer program targeting pregnant women and mothers with infants below 2 years of age, in Ayeyarwady region and Shan states. The Project will expand and further strengthen the Maternal and Child Cash Transfer (MCCT) program, currently implemented by GoM in Chin, Rakhine, Kayah and Kayin.
    [Show full text]
  • President U Win Myint Cultivates Mahogany Plant to Launch 2020
    FOCUS ON MENTAL HEALTH IN NEW NORMAL PAGE-8 (OPINION) PARLIAMENT PARLIAMENT Pyithu Hluttaw raises questions to Nay Pyi Taw Council, Amyotha Hluttaw raises queries to ministries, approves Central Provident Fund Bill, three ministries, hears bill, report Underwater Management Bill PAGE-2 PAGE-2 Vol. VII, No. 113, 4th Waning of Second Waso 1382 ME www.globalnewlightofmyanmar.com Friday, 7 August 2020 President U Win Myint cultivates State Counsellor remarks Mahogany plant to launch 2020 “nation is strong and sturdy only Greening Campaign when the smallest areas are strong” President U Win Myint is cultivating a Mahogany plant at monsoon plantation ceremony in State Counsellor holds meeting with local officials in Cocogyun Township on 6 August. Nay Pyi Taw on 6 August. PHOTO: MNA PHOTO: MNA RESIDENT U Win Myint took part in the monsoon plantation ceremony for TATE Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, in her capacity as Chairperson conducting 2020 greening campaign, organized in Phoe Zaung Taung Reserved of the Central Committee for Development of Border Areas and National PForest beside Nay Pyi Taw-Tatkon No.1 road in Ottarathiri Township in Nay SRaces, visited Cocogyun Township yesterday. She held talks on development Pyi Taw yesterday morning. programmes of the township with departmental officials and viewed the high school Vice Presidents U Myint Swe and U Henry Van Thio, the Union Ministers, the and the people’s hospital. Deputy Minister for Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, permanent secretaries and officials. SEE PAGE-3
    [Show full text]
  • Total Detention, Charge Lists English (Last Updated on 29 March 2021)
    Date of Current No. Name Sex /Age Father's Name Position Section of Law Plaintiff Address Remark Arrest Condition S: 8 of the Export Superinte and Import Law Myanmar Military Seizes Power and ndent and S: 25 of the Senior NLD leaders including Daw Kyi Lin Natural Disaster Aung San Suu Kyi and President U of Special General Aung State Counsellor (Chairman of Management law, Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s 1 (Daw) Aung San Suu Kyi F 1-Feb-21 Branch, House Arrest Naypyitaw San NLD) Penal Code - chief ministers and ministers in the Dekkhina 505(B), S: 67 of states and regions were also detained. District the Administr Telecommunicatio ator ns Law S: 25 of the Superinte Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Natural Disaster ndent Senior NLD leaders including Daw Management law, Myint Aung San Suu Kyi and President U President (Vice Chairman-1 of Penal Code - Naing, Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s 2 (U) Win Myint M U Tun Kyin 1-Feb-21 House Arrest Naypyitaw NLD) 505(B), S: 67 of Dekkhina chief ministers and ministers in the the District states and regions were also detained. Telecommunicatio Administr ns Law ator Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and President U Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s 3 (U) Henry Van Thio M Vice President 1-Feb-21 House Arrest Naypyitaw chief ministers and ministers in the states and regions were also detained. Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD leaders including Daw Speaker of the Union Assembly, Aung San Suu Kyi and President U the Joint House and Pyithu Win Myint were detained.
    [Show full text]
  • Statement from the 7Th Myanmar Opium Farmers' Forum Pekhon
    Statement from the 7th Myanmar Opium Farmers’ Forum Pekhon, Southern Shan State 10 May 2019 During 8-10 May 2019, representatives from Kayan, Kayah, Pa-O, Shan, Lahu and Kachin opium farming communities came together to discuss our challenges in life and find ways to solve our problems. We feel it is crucial that our voices of poppy-growing communities are heard in decision- making processes that affect our lives. Therefore, in 2013 we set up the Myanmar Opium Farmers’ Forum (MOFF), and this is our 7th annual meeting. We want to make clear to the world why we grow opium. We are subsistence farmers living in isolated mountainous areas, and cultivate poppy as a cash crop in order to buy food to feed our families and buy access to education and health care for our children. So the main reason is poverty. Some people in the city may think we earn a lot of money, but we are still poor. “Rich people don’t grow opium,” said one farmer, “only poor people grow it!” We do not want to be seen as criminals. We are not planting opium to go against the government or against the world. We are just planting it for our survival. Many of us would like to grow other crops, but this is difficult for several reasons. First of all, there is no market, and prices are very unstable. We have weak negotiation power. The businessmen are well connected and better organised then us, and they decide the price. We do not have any strong farmers’ institutions and we have no collective bargaining power.
    [Show full text]