The Connotations and Integration Development of the Red Culture Jianping Liu1, a 1 Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China, 625014 Aemail
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The Chinese Civil War (1927–37 and 1946–49)
13 CIVIL WAR CASE STUDY 2: THE CHINESE CIVIL WAR (1927–37 AND 1946–49) As you read this chapter you need to focus on the following essay questions: • Analyze the causes of the Chinese Civil War. • To what extent was the communist victory in China due to the use of guerrilla warfare? • In what ways was the Chinese Civil War a revolutionary war? For the first half of the 20th century, China faced political chaos. Following a revolution in 1911, which overthrew the Manchu dynasty, the new Republic failed to take hold and China continued to be exploited by foreign powers, lacking any strong central government. The Chinese Civil War was an attempt by two ideologically opposed forces – the nationalists and the communists – to see who would ultimately be able to restore order and regain central control over China. The struggle between these two forces, which officially started in 1927, was interrupted by the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war in 1937, but started again in 1946 once the war with Japan was over. The results of this war were to have a major effect not just on China itself, but also on the international stage. Mao Zedong, the communist Timeline of events – 1911–27 victor of the Chinese Civil War. 1911 Double Tenth Revolution and establishment of the Chinese Republic 1912 Dr Sun Yixian becomes Provisional President of the Republic. Guomindang (GMD) formed and wins majority in parliament. Sun resigns and Yuan Shikai declared provisional president 1915 Japan’s Twenty-One Demands. Yuan attempts to become Emperor 1916 Yuan dies/warlord era begins 1917 Sun attempts to set up republic in Guangzhou. -
旅游减贫案例2020(2021-04-06)
1 2020 世界旅游联盟旅游减贫案例 WTA Best Practice in Poverty Alleviation Through Tourism 2020 Contents 目录 广西河池市巴马瑶族自治县:充分发挥生态优势,打造特色旅游扶贫 Bama Yao Autonomous County, Hechi City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Give Full Play to Ecological Dominance and Create Featured Tour for Poverty Alleviation / 002 世界银行约旦遗产投资项目:促进城市与文化遗产旅游的协同发展 World Bank Heritage Investment Project in Jordan: Promote Coordinated Development of Urban and Cultural Heritage Tourism / 017 山东临沂市兰陵县压油沟村:“企业 + 政府 + 合作社 + 农户”的组合模式 Yayougou Village, Lanling County, Linyi City, Shandong Province: A Combination Mode of “Enterprise + Government + Cooperative + Peasant Household” / 030 江西井冈山市茅坪镇神山村:多项扶贫措施相辅相成,让山区变成景区 Shenshan Village, Maoping Town, Jinggangshan City, Jiangxi Province: Complementary Help-the-poor Measures Turn the Mountainous Area into a Scenic Spot / 038 中山大学: 旅游脱贫的“阿者科计划” Sun Yat-sen University: Tourism-based Poverty Alleviation Project “Azheke Plan” / 046 爱彼迎:用“爱彼迎学院模式”助推南非减贫 Airbnb: Promote Poverty Reduction in South Africa with the “Airbnb Academy Model” / 056 “三区三州”旅游大环线宣传推广联盟:用大 IP 开创地区文化旅游扶贫的新模式 Promotion Alliance for “A Priority in the National Poverty Alleviation Strategy” Circular Tour: Utilize Important IP to Create a New Model of Poverty Alleviation through Cultural Tourism / 064 山西晋中市左权县:全域旅游走活“扶贫一盘棋” Zuoquan County, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province: Alleviating Poverty through All-for-one Tourism / 072 中国旅行社协会铁道旅游分会:利用专列优势,实现“精准扶贫” Railway Tourism Branch of China Association of Travel Services: Realizing “Targeted Poverty Alleviation” Utilizing the Advantage -
Supplemental Material
Supplementary Information for Genomic analyses identify distinct patterns of selection in domesticated pigs and Tibetan wild boars Mingzhou Li1,2,13, Shilin Tian3,13, Long Jin1,13, Guangyu Zhou3,13, Ying Li1,13, Yuan Zhang3,13, Tao Wang1, Carol KL Yeung3, Lei Chen4, Jideng Ma1, Jinbo Zhang3, Anan Jiang1, Ji Li3, Chaowei Zhou1, Jie Zhang1, Yingkai Liu1, Xiaoqing Sun3, Hongwei Zhao3, Zexiong Niu3, Pinger Lou1, Linjin Xian1, Xiaoyong Shen3, Shaoqing Liu3, Shunhua Zhang1, Mingwang Zhang1, Li Zhu1, Surong Shuai1, Lin Bai1, Guoqing Tang1, Haifeng Liu1, Yanzhi Jiang1, Miaomiao Mai1, Jian Xiao1, Xun Wang1, Qi Zhou5, Zhiquan Wang6, Paul Stothard6, Ming Xue7, Xiaolian Gao8, Zonggang Luo9, Yiren Gu10, Hongmei Zhu3, Xiaoxiang Hu11, Yaofeng Zhao11, Graham S. Plastow6, Jinyong Wang4, Zhi Jiang3, Kui Li12, Ning Li11, Xuewei Li1 & Ruiqiang Li2,3 1 Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China. 2 Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. 3 Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China. 4 Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China. 5 Ya’an Vocational College, Ya’an, China. 6 Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 7 National Animal Husbandry Service, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing, China. 8 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, USA. 9 Department of Animal Science, Southwest University at Rongchang, Chongqing, China. 10 Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China. 11 State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. -
The Darker Side of Travel: the Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism/ Edited by Richard Sharpley and Philip Stone
From the SelectedWorks of Dr Philip Stone 2009 The aD rker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism Philip R. Stone, University of Central Lancashire Available at: https://works.bepress.com/philip_stone/2/ The Darker Side of Travel 11677_FM.indd677_FM.indd i 77/28/2009/28/2009 11:28:48:28:48 PPMM ASPECTS OF TOURISM Series Editors: Chris Cooper, Nottingham University Business School, UK, C. Michael Hall, University of Canterbury, New Zealand and Dallen J. Timothy, Arizona State University, USA Aspects of Tourism is an innovative, multifaceted series, which comprises authoritative reference handbooks on global tourism regions, research volumes, texts and monographs. It is designed to provide readers with the latest thinking on tourism worldwide and to push back the frontiers of tourism knowledge. The volumes are authoritative, readable and user-friendly, providing accessible sources for further research. Books in the series are commissioned to probe the relationship between tourism and cognate subject areas such as strategy, development, retailing, sport and environmental studies. Full details of all the books in this series and of all our other publications can be found on http://www.channelviewpublications.com, or by writing to Channel View Publications, St Nicholas House, 31–34 High Street, Bristol BS1 2AW, UK. 11677_FM.indd677_FM.indd iiii 77/28/2009/28/2009 11:28:48:28:48 PPMM ASPECTS OF TOURISM Series Editors: Chris Cooper, C. Michael Hall and Dallen J. Timothy The Darker Side of Travel The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism Edited by Richard Sharpley and Philip R. Stone CHANNEL VIEW PUBLICATIONS Bristol • Buffalo • Toronto 11677_FM.indd677_FM.indd iiiiii 77/28/2009/28/2009 11:28:48:28:48 PPMM This book is dedicated to the memory of John Hugh Ashton Sharpley (1927–2006) and Mary McCourt Stone (1941–2004) Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. -
Review of Exhibiting the Past: Historical Memory and the Politics of Museums in Postsocialist China
Review of Exhibiting the Past: Historical Memory and the Politics of Museums in Postsocialist China. By Kirk A. Denton. Honolulu: U of Hawaii P, 2014. Pp. 350. US$ 59. Cloth. A beautifully printed book with numerous photographs and a detailed English-Chinese glossary, Kirk A. Denton’s Exhibiting the Past analyzes contemporary China’s museums in a largely chronological manner based on the themes of these museums. In eleven chapters, the book moves through museums of premodern history, of the Chinese Revolution, of market economy reforms, of revolutionary martyrs, of military glories, of the Sino-Japanese War, of communist leaders, of literary figures, of ethnographic minorities, of Red Tourism, and of the future. The bulk of this far-ranging book, thus, is devoted to the communist state apparatus of ideological interpellation. Taking readers through multiple sites, Denton reiterates how the stories of great men and earth-shaking events have come to mold modern China. This brief description already highlights the ambiguity of the keyword “postsocialist” in the book title: there is nothing “post” ideologically about today’s China, which continues and embellishes the communist mythology from its earliest days, precisely because it has gone capitalist. Denton draws from “postsocialist” and, what is taken to be its next of kin, “neoliberal” in terms of theoretical underpinnings. These conceptual parameters lead Denton to repeatedly claim that his “focus in this book is politics” (3), or the State, to the extent that Denton justifies not analyzing cultural texts beyond the eleven types of museums. Examples abound: On the self- sacrificing revolutionary model Lei Feng, Denton gestures toward some online black humor and Stephen Chow-style parody of the hero, only to immediately withdraw: “My principal concern is the official state discourse on Lei Feng, not revisionist historiography or deconstructive spoofs” (161). -
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115 -
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Translating Revolution in Twentieth-Century China and France Diana King Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2017 © 2017 Diana King All rights reserved ABSTRACT Translating Revolution in Twentieth-Century China and France Diana King In “Translating Revolution in Twentieth-Century China and France,” I examine how the two countries translated each other’s revolutions during critical moments of political and cultural crisis (the 1911 Revolution, the May Fourth Movement (1919), the Cultural Revolution (1966-76), and May 1968 in France), and subsequently (or simultaneously), how that knowledge was mobilized in practice and shaped the historical contexts in which it was produced. Drawing upon a broad range of discourses including political journals, travel narratives, films and novels in French, English and Chinese, I argue that translation served as a key site of knowledge production, shaping the formulation of various political and cultural projects from constructing a Chinese national identity to articulating women’s rights to thinking about radical emancipation in an era of decolonization. While there have been isolated studies on the influence of the French Revolution in early twentieth-century China, and the impact of the Chinese Cultural Revolution on the development of French Maoism and French theory in the sixties, there have been few studies that examine the circulation of revolutionary ideas and practices across multiple historical moments and cultural contexts. In addition, the tendency of much current scholarship to focus exclusively on the texts of prominent French or Chinese intellectuals overlooks the vital role played by translation, and by non-elite thinkers, writers, students and migrant workers in the cross-fertilization of revolutionary discourses and practices. -
The History of Gyalthang Under Chinese Rule: Memory, Identity, and Contested Control in a Tibetan Region of Northwest Yunnan
THE HISTORY OF GYALTHANG UNDER CHINESE RULE: MEMORY, IDENTITY, AND CONTESTED CONTROL IN A TIBETAN REGION OF NORTHWEST YUNNAN Dá!a Pejchar Mortensen A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: Michael Tsin Michelle T. King Ralph A. Litzinger W. Miles Fletcher Donald M. Reid © 2016 Dá!a Pejchar Mortensen ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii! ! ABSTRACT Dá!a Pejchar Mortensen: The History of Gyalthang Under Chinese Rule: Memory, Identity, and Contested Control in a Tibetan Region of Northwest Yunnan (Under the direction of Michael Tsin) This dissertation analyzes how the Chinese Communist Party attempted to politically, economically, and culturally integrate Gyalthang (Zhongdian/Shangri-la), a predominately ethnically Tibetan county in Yunnan Province, into the People’s Republic of China. Drawing from county and prefectural gazetteers, unpublished Party histories of the area, and interviews conducted with Gyalthang residents, this study argues that Tibetans participated in Communist Party campaigns in Gyalthang in the 1950s and 1960s for a variety of ideological, social, and personal reasons. The ways that Tibetans responded to revolutionary activists’ calls for political action shed light on the difficult decisions they made under particularly complex and coercive conditions. Political calculations, revolutionary ideology, youthful enthusiasm, fear, and mob mentality all played roles in motivating Tibetan participants in Mao-era campaigns. The diversity of these Tibetan experiences and the extent of local involvement in state-sponsored attacks on religious leaders and institutions in Gyalthang during the Cultural Revolution have been largely left out of the historiographical record. -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02450-2 — Art and Artists in China Since 1949 Ying Yi , in Collaboration with Xiaobing Tang Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02450-2 — Art and Artists in China since 1949 Ying Yi , In collaboration with Xiaobing Tang Index More Information Index Note: The artworks illustrated in this book are oil paintings unless otherwise stated. Figures 1–33 will be found in Plate section 1 (between pp. 49 and 72); Figures 34–62 in section 2 (between pp. 113 and 136); Figures 63–103 in section 3 (between pp. 199 and 238); Figures 104–161 in section 4 (between pp. 295 and 350). abstract art (Chinese) 163, 269–274, art market see commercialization of art 279 art publications (new) 86, 165–172 early 1980s 269–271 Artillery of the October Revolution 42 ’85 Movement –“China/Avant-Garde” Arts and Craft Movement 268 269–271 Attacking the Headquarters (Fig. 27) 1989 – present (post-modern) stage 273 avant-garde art (Chinese) 141, 146, 169, conceptual abstraction 273–274, 277–278 176, 181, 239, 245, 258, 264–265 expressive abstraction 273–274, 276 see also “China/Avant-Garde” material abstraction 277 exhibition schematic abstraction 245, 274 avant-garde art (Russian) 3–4 abstract art (Western) 147–148, 195–196, avant-garde art (Western) 100, 101, 267–268 see also Abstract 255–256, 257, 264 see also Modernism Expressionism; Hard-Edge / Structural Abstraction Bacon, Francis 243 Abstract Expressionism 256, 269, 274 Bao Jianfei 172 academic realism 245, 270 New Space No.1 167 academies see art academies Barbizon School 87 Ai Xinzhong 14 Bauhaus School 269 Ai Zhongxin 5 Beckmann, Max 246 amateur art/artists 35, 74–75, 106–108, Bei Dao 140 137–138, 141, -
THE ROOTED STATE: PLANTS and POWER in the MAKING of MODERN CHINA's XIKANG PROVINCE by MARK E. FRANK DISSERTATION Submitted In
THE ROOTED STATE: PLANTS AND POWER IN THE MAKING OF MODERN CHINA’S XIKANG PROVINCE BY MARK E. FRANK DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in East Asian Languages and Cultures in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Dan Shao, Chair Associate Professor Robert Morrissey Assistant Professor Roderick Wilson Associate Professor Laura Hostetler, University of Illinois Chicago Abstract This dissertation takes the relationship between agricultural plants and power as its primary lens on the history of Chinese state-building in the Kham region of eastern Tibet during the early twentieth century. Farming was central to the way nationalist discourse constructed the imagined community of the Chinese nation, and it was simultaneously a material practice by which settlers reconfigured the biotic community of soils, plants, animals, and human beings along the frontier. This dissertation shows that Kham’s turbulent absorption into the Chinese nation-state was shaped by a perpetual feedback loop between the Han political imagination and the grounded experiences of soldiers and settlers with the ecology of eastern Tibet. Neither expressions of state power nor of indigenous resistance to the state operated neatly within the human landscape. Instead, the rongku—or “flourishing and withering”—of the state was the product of an ecosystem. This study chronicles Chinese state-building in Kham from Zhao Erfeng’s conquest of the region that began in 1905 until the arrival of the People’s Liberation Army in 1950. Qing officials hatched a plan to convert Kham into a new “Xikang Province” in the last years of the empire, and officials in the Republic of China finally realized that goal in 1939. -
Wandering Elephants Unlikely to Return Home Soon, Experts
CHINA DAILY | HONG KONG EDITION Tuesday, June 22, 2021 | 5 CHINA We have PATHWAYS TO PROGRESS liftoff Famous bridge a growing Students launch a rocket propelled by pressurized water attraction for history fans during a science fair in Huaibei, Anhui province, on Sunday. By Huang ZHILING Despite that, Red Army soldiers A two-day competi- in Luding, Sichuan crossed the bridge, suffering only a tion over the weekend [email protected] few deaths among their 22-strong gave students the force. chance to showcase Soon after the national college The Red Army’s crossing of the their abilities to build entrance examination ended on Dadu River was one of the most model rockets and June 8, Hao Jun, an 18-year-old from important events of the Long March ships. Chengdu, Sichuan province, decid- (1934-36), because if it had failed, WAN SHANCHAO / ed to book a bus ticket for Luding the Red Army might have been FOR CHINA DAILY county in the province’s Garze Tibet- wiped out. an autonomous prefecture. In the first five months of this He wanted to refresh himself aft- year, 891,700 people visited Luding, er years of preparation for the exam. more than two and a half times as Luding is far from the madding many as in the same period last year. crowd in Chengdu and features the Tourism earnings surpassed 980 famous Luding Bridge and his million yuan ($153 million), Lu said. favorite red cherries. Since March, the number of tour- His parents readily accepted his ists visiting Luding Bridge has been plan, as Luding is only a two-and-a- rising, with 1,000 to 2,000 people half- to three-hour bus ride away. -
A Study from the Perspectives of Shared Innovation
SUBGROUPING OF NISOIC (YI) LANGUAGES: A STUDY FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF SHARED INNOVATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ESTIMATION by ZIWO QIU-FUYUAN LAMA Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON May 2012 Copyright © by Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan Lama 2012 All Rights Reserved To my parents: Qiumo Rico and Omu Woniemo Who have always wanted me to stay nearby, but they have also wished me to go my own way! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this dissertation could not have happened without the help of many people; I own much gratitude to these people and I would take this moment to express my heartfelt thanks to them. First, I wish to express my deep thanks to my supervisor, Professor Jerold A Edmondson, whose guidance, encouragement, and support from the beginning to the final page of this dissertation. His direction showed me the pathway of the writing of this dissertation, especially, while working on chapter of phylogenetic study of this dissertation, he pointed out the way to me. Secondly, I would like to thank my other committee members: Dr. Laurel Stvan, Dr. Michael Cahill, and Dr. David Silva. I wish to thank you very much for your contribution to finishing this dissertation. Your comments and encouragement were a great help. Third, I would like to thank my language informants and other people who helped me during my field trip to China in summer 2003, particularly ZHANF Jinzhi, SU Wenliang, PU Caihong, LI Weibing, KE Fu, ZHAO Hongying, ZHOU Decai, SHI Zhengdong, ZI Wenqing, and ZUO Jun.