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The Darker Side of Travel: the Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism/ Edited by Richard Sharpley and Philip Stone From the SelectedWorks of Dr Philip Stone 2009 The aD rker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism Philip R. Stone, University of Central Lancashire Available at: https://works.bepress.com/philip_stone/2/ The Darker Side of Travel 11677_FM.indd677_FM.indd i 77/28/2009/28/2009 11:28:48:28:48 PPMM ASPECTS OF TOURISM Series Editors: Chris Cooper, Nottingham University Business School, UK, C. Michael Hall, University of Canterbury, New Zealand and Dallen J. Timothy, Arizona State University, USA Aspects of Tourism is an innovative, multifaceted series, which comprises authoritative reference handbooks on global tourism regions, research volumes, texts and monographs. It is designed to provide readers with the latest thinking on tourism worldwide and to push back the frontiers of tourism knowledge. The volumes are authoritative, readable and user-friendly, providing accessible sources for further research. Books in the series are commissioned to probe the relationship between tourism and cognate subject areas such as strategy, development, retailing, sport and environmental studies. Full details of all the books in this series and of all our other publications can be found on http://www.channelviewpublications.com, or by writing to Channel View Publications, St Nicholas House, 31–34 High Street, Bristol BS1 2AW, UK. 11677_FM.indd677_FM.indd iiii 77/28/2009/28/2009 11:28:48:28:48 PPMM ASPECTS OF TOURISM Series Editors: Chris Cooper, C. Michael Hall and Dallen J. Timothy The Darker Side of Travel The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism Edited by Richard Sharpley and Philip R. Stone CHANNEL VIEW PUBLICATIONS Bristol • Buffalo • Toronto 11677_FM.indd677_FM.indd iiiiii 77/28/2009/28/2009 11:28:48:28:48 PPMM This book is dedicated to the memory of John Hugh Ashton Sharpley (1927–2006) and Mary McCourt Stone (1941–2004) Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. The Darker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism/ Edited by Richard Sharpley and Philip Stone. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Tourism. 2. War memorials. 3. Historic sites. 4. Death--Social aspects. I. Sharpley, Richard, 1956- II. Stone, Philip (Philip R.) G155.A1D33 2009 338.4’791–dc22 2009026026 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN-13: 978-1-84541-115-2 (hbk) ISBN-13: 978-1-84541-114-5 (pbk) Channel View Publications UK: St Nicholas House, 31–34 High Street, Bristol BS1 2AW, UK. USA: UTP, 2250 Military Road, Tonawanda, NY 14150, USA. Canada: UTP, 5201 Dufferin Street, North York, Ontario M3H 5T8, Canada. Copyright © 2009 Richard Sharpley, Philip R. Stone and the authors of individual chapters. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. The policy of Multilingual Matters/Channel View Publications is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products, made from wood grown in sustainable forests. In the manufacturing process of our books, and to further support our policy, preference is given to printers that have FSC and PEFC Chain of Custody certifi cation. The FSC and/or PEFC logos will appear on those books where full certifi cation has been granted to the printer concerned. Typeset by Techset Composition Ltd., Salisbury, UK. Printed and bound in Great Britain by Short Run Press Ltd. 11677_FM.indd677_FM.indd iivv 77/28/2009/28/2009 11:28:48:28:48 PPMM Contents Contributors . vii Part 1: Dark Tourism: Theories and Concepts 1 Shedding Light on Dark Tourism: An Introduction . 3 Richard Sharpley 2 Making Absent Death Present: Consuming Dark Tourism in Contemporary Society . 23 Philip R. Stone 3 Dark Tourism: Mediating Between the Dead and the Living . 39 Tony Walter 4 Dark Tourism: Morality and New Moral Spaces . 56 Philip R. Stone Part 2: Dark Tourism: Management Implications 5 Purposeful Otherness: Approaches to the Management of Thanatourism . 75 Tony Seaton 6 (Re)presenting the Macabre: Interpretation, Kitschifi cation and Authenticity . 109 Richard Sharpley and Philip R. Stone 7 Contested National Tragedies: An Ethical Dimension . 129 Craig Wight 8 Dark Tourism and Political Ideology: Towards a Governance Model . 145 Richard Sharpley v 11677_FM.indd677_FM.indd v 77/28/2009/28/2009 11:28:48:28:48 PPMM vi The Darker Side of Travel Part 3: Dark Tourism in Practice 9 ‘It’s a Bloody Guide’: Fun, Fear and a Lighter Side of Dark Tourism at The Dungeon Visitor Attractions, UK . 167 Philip R. Stone 10 Battlefi eld Tourism: Bringing Organised Violence Back to Life . 186 Frank Baldwin and Richard Sharpley 11 ‘Genocide Tourism’ . 207 John Beech 12 Museums, Memorials and Plantation Houses in the Black Atlantic: Slavery and the Development of Dark Tourism . 224 Alan Rice 13 Life, Death and Dark Tourism: Future Research Directions and Concluding Comments . 247 Richard Sharpley and Philip R. Stone References . 252 Index . 274 11677_FM.indd677_FM.indd vvii 77/28/2009/28/2009 11:28:48:28:48 PPMM Contributors Frank Baldwin has been guiding people around battlefi elds since 1987 as a guide for the British Army, the Royal British Legion, Leger Holidays, The Battlefi elds Trust and for Business Battlefi elds, his own business. He has worked in operations and marketing for the Royal British Legion’s travel arm ‘Poppy Travel’. Frank holds Badge Number 8 from the Guild of Battlefi eld Guides. He serves on the council of the Guild of Battlefi eld Guides and is a Trustee of the Battlefi elds Trust. He has a BSc in Psychology from the University of Sheffi eld and an MBA from the University of Warwick and served as an Army Offi cer, leaving the British Army as a Major. Dr John Beech is the Head of Sport and Tourism Applied Research at Coventry University, where he was previously Head of Strategy and Applied Management, Head of Leisure, Sport and Tourism Management and Acting Head of Marketing and Leisure. He is a full-time researcher based in the Applied Research Centre for Sustainable Regeneration (SURGE) and is also a co-director of the Centre for International Business of Sport (CIBS). John’s tourism research interests include not only dark tourism (both genocide tourism and slavery heritage tourism) but also heritage tourism (especially the heritage of transport and other industrial aspects of heritage) and mass tourism. He is a member of the Executive Board of ATLAS, Chair of the ATLAS Mass Tourism SIG, and a member of the national committee of SPRIG. Dr Alan Rice is Reader in American Cultural Studies at the University of Central Lancashire in Preston His fi rst interdisciplinary monograph Radical Narratives of the Black Atlantic was published in 2003. His next monograph project on Creating Memorials, Building Identities: The Politics of Memory in the Black Atlantic (Liverpool University Press) is currently in progress. He has published essays in the Journal of American Studies, Research in African Literatures, Atlantic Studies, Patterns of Prejudice, Wasafi ri and Current Writing. He is an academic advisor to and board member of vii 11677_FM.indd677_FM.indd vviiii 77/28/2009/28/2009 11:28:48:28:48 PPMM viii The Darker Side of Travel the Slave Trade Arts Memorial Project (STAMP) in Lancaster which was responsible for the commissioning and building of the fi rst British quay- side monument to the victims of the slave trade, unveiled in Lancaster in October 2005. He has consulted on a wide range of documentaries on the Black Atlantic for the BBC, Border Television and PBS in the USA. He is an advisor to museums in Liverpool, Lancaster and Manchester. Most recently he has co-curated an exhibition Trade and Empire: Remembering Slavery at the Whitworth Art Gallery in Manchester which ran from June 2007–April 2008 and acted as editor-in-chief and main text contributor to the Revealing Histories website (www.revealinghistories.org.uk). Tony Seaton has, since 1998, been Whitbread Professor of Tourism Behaviour and Founder Director of the International Tourism Research Centre at the University of Bedfordshire. He has a fi rst class honours degree in the Social Sciences, a Masters in English Literature from Wadham College, Oxford and a PhD in Tourism from Strathclyde University. He has written/edited six books and published widely in journals on thana- tourism, literary tourism, travel history and tourism marketing. One of his books was presented by the Queen during a royal visit to the President of Iceland as an offi cial gift and two of his research studies led to the establishment of Scotland’s book town, Wigtown, of which he is now a patron. He has lectured, researched and consulted in over 60 countries and conducted projects for the UNWTO, ETC and EU. Richard Sharpley is Professor of Tourism and Development at the University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK. He has previously held positions at a number of other institutions, including the University of Northumbria (Reader in Tourism) and the University of Lincoln, where he was professor of Tourism and Head of Department, Tourism and Recreation Management. His principal research interests are within the fi elds of tourism and development, island tourism, rural tourism and the sociol- ogy of tourism, and his books include Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues (2002), Tourism and Development in the Developing World (2008) and Tourism, Tourists and Society, 4th Edition (2008). Philip R. Stone is a former Management Consultant within the tourism and hospitality sector, and is presently employed as a Senior Lecturer with the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), UK. He teaches Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management at undergraduate and postgraduate level.
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