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Brown Tiger Prawn (Penaeus Esculentus)

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Brown Tiger Prawn (Penaeus Esculentus) I & I NSW WILD FISHERIES RESEARCH PROGRAM Brown Tiger Prawn (Penaeus esculentus) EXPLOITATION STATUS UNDEFINED NSW is at the southern end of the species’ range. Recruitment is likely to be small and variable. SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME COMMENT Penaeus esculentus brown tiger prawn Native to NSW waters Also known as leader prawn and giant Penaeus monodon black tiger prawn tiger prawn - farmed in NSW. Penaeus esculentus Image © Bernard Yau Background There are a number of large striped ‘tiger’ prawns waters in mud, sand or silt substrates less than known from Australian waters. Species such as 30 m deep. Off northern Australia, female brown the black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) and tiger prawns mature between 2.5 and 3.5 cm grooved tiger prawn (P. semisulcatus) have wide carapace length (CL) and grow to a maximum of tropical distributions throughout the Indo-West about 5.5 cm CL; males grow to a maximum of Pacific and northern Australia. The brown tiger about 4 cm CL. Spawning occurs mainly in water prawn (P. esculentus) is also mainly tropical but temperatures around 28-30°C, and the resulting appears to be endemic to Australia, inhabiting planktonic larvae are dispersed by coastal shallow coastal waters and estuaries from currents back into the estuaries to settle. central NSW (Sydney), around the north of the continent, to Shark Bay in WA. This species is Compared to northern Australian states, the fished commercially throughout its range and NSW tiger prawn catch is extremely small. Since contributes almost 30% of the ~1800 t tiger 2000, reported landings have been between prawn fishery (70% grooved tiger prawn) in the 3 and 6 t per year, with about half taken Northern Prawn Fishery of northern Australia. in pocket nets by estuary general fishers (particularly in Wallis Lake) and the remainder Of the three species above, the brown tiger by ocean prawn trawlers. The ocean prawn trawl prawn is the only one landed in significant catch also includes small numbers of black tiger quantities by NSW fishers. Juvenile brown tiger prawns believed to have escaped from prawn prawns settle and grow in seagrass beds in farms. estuaries before migrating as pre-adults to the ocean for spawning. Adults occur in coastal STATUS OF FISHERIES RESOURCES IN NSW, 2008/09 Brown TIGER prawn | P 57 WILD FISHERIES RESEARCH PROGRAM Additional Notes Landings by Commercial Fishery of Brown Tiger Prawn • Caught mainly by the Ocean Trawl Fishery, and the Estuary General Fishery in Wallis Lake. Ocean Trawl • Penaeus esculentus is endemic to sub-tropical Estuary General and tropical waters around Australia. Catches * Estuary Prawn Trawl (Byproduct Species) are generally incidental when fishing for other species of prawn. 20 • There is a small fishery for P. esculentus in NSW waters, mostly in Wallis Lakes and off northern 15 NSW. 10 • P. esculentus is the smallest of the three Landings (t) ‘tiger prawn’ species found in the Gulf of Carpentaria. 5 • There is a combined recreational bag limit of 0 10 litres for all prawns. 97/98 99/00 01/02 03/04 05/06 07/08 Financial Year Catch Reported landings of brown tiger prawn by NSW commercial fisheries from 1997/98. * Fisheries which Recreational Catch of Brown Tiger Prawn contribute less than 2.5% of the landings are excluded for clarity and privacy. The annual recreational harvest of brown tiger prawn in NSW is likely to be less then one tonne. Growth CurvesBrown of Brown Tiger Prawn Tiger (Penaeus Prawn esculentus) female male Historical Landings of Brown Tiger Prawn 4 3 15 2 CL (cm) 10 Landings (t) 1 5 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 88/89 93/94 98/99 03/04 08/09 Age (months) Financial Year Commercial landings (including available historical Growth curve for brown tiger prawn using parameters records) of brown tiger prawn for NSW from 1986/87 to from Kirkwood and Somers (1984). Lengths are 2008/09 for all fishing methods. presented as carapace length (CL). P 58 | Brown TIGER prawn STATUS OF FISHERIES RESOURCES IN NSW, 2008/09 Further Reading Broadhurst, M.K. (2003). Reducing unwanted bycatch and improving size selectivity in NSW prawn fisheries, Professional Fisherman: 16-17. Grey, D.L., W. Dall and A. Baker (1983). A Guide to the Australian Penaeid Prawns. Darwin, Northern Territory Government Printing Office. Jones, D.S. and G.J. Morgan (1994). A Field Guide to Crustaceans of Australian Waters. Sydney, Reed. Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, Eds. (1993). Australian Fisheries Resources. Canberra, Australia, Bureau of Resource Sciences, Department of Primary Industries and Energy, and the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Kirkwood, G.P. and F. Somers (1984). Growth of the two species of tiger prawn, Penaeus esculentus and Penaeus semisulcatus, in the western Gulf of Carpentaria, Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 35: 703-12. Montgomery, S.S. (2000). Status of eastern king and school prawn stocks in: Juvenile Prawn Summit: Summary of Proceedings, Cronulla Fisheries Centre, NSW Fisheries. Racek, A.A. (1959). Prawn investigations in eastern Australia. NSW State Fisheries Research Bulletin 6: 1-57. Rothlisberg, P.C., B.J. Hill and D.J. Staples (1985). Second Australian national prawn seminar NPS2, Cleveland, Australia. Ruello, N.V. (1974). History of Prawn Fishing in Australia. Australian Fisheries 33 (2): 1-14. Please visit the CSIRO website, http://www.marine.csiro.au/caab/ and search for the species code (CAAB) 28 711044 and 28 711051, common name or scientific name to find further information. © State of New South Wales through Industry and Investment NSW 2010. You may copy, distribute and otherwise freely deal with this publication for any purpose, provided that you attribute Industry and Investment NSW as the owner. Disclaimer: The information contained in this publication is based on knowledge and understanding at the time of writing (April 2010). However, because of advances in knowledge, users are reminded of the need to ensure that information upon which they rely is up to date and to check currency of the information with the appropriate officer of Industry and Investment NSW or the user’s independent adviser. Brown TIGER prawn | P 59 WILD FISHERIES RESEARCH PROGRAM P 60 | Brown TIGER prawn.
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