DOCSLIB.ORG

THE UNIVERSITY of HULL Examining the Creative

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE UNIVERSITY of HULL Examining the Creative THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL Examining the Creative Tourism Potential of Intangible Archaeological Heritage in Alentejo (Portugal) – a study on the Role of Tourism Providers in Developing Creative Archaeological Tourism Experiences being a Thesis submitted for the Degree of PhD in the University of Hull by David Olinga Clifford Ross Lic University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro February 2018 Acknowledgements This work was only made possible due to the support of the following people, to whom I wish to express my sincere appreciation: To Professor Gunjan Saxena, for her invaluable support and guidance, challenging questions and encouraging discussions. For her readiness and willingness to read several drafts of this thesis and each time offer valuable advice I am truly grateful. To Dr. Fernando Correia and Dr. Pauline Deutz, for their thought-provoking comments and helpful critiques on this research; To the people and organisations of Alentejo who participated in this study, for their time and hospitality; To the University of Hull, for the financial support which gave me the stability and conditions to fully immerse myself in the research process; To Dr. Idalina Sardinha, for encouraging me to embark on this PhD journey; To all my friends and family, with special thanks to my Mother and Father, for their infinite love and support; To Ghazal, for keeping my heart warm every single day. 2 Abstract This study conceptualises the role of tourism providers in facilitating creative tourism experiences by focusing on their ingenious enterprise. The emphasis is on how they make use of intangible archaeological heritage as tourism resource. Intangible archaeological heritage can be understood as knowledge emanating from actors’ own interpretation of archaeological sites that have either become physically inaccessible or been destroyed since initial exploration. Archaeological heritage is often equated with tangibility, which results in an omission of experiences that intangible archaeological heritage can offer. In arguing for a rethinking of the archaeological tourism framework, the emphasis is on theorising creativity in tourism and examining constructivist approaches to cultural heritage interpretation. This study focuses on the Alentejo region, in southern Portugal, a cultural tourism destination where archaeological heritage assumes a key role. Based on a qualitative approach, 25 tourism stakeholders were interviewed to understand their perceptions concerning the role of tourism providers in delivering archaeological tourism experiences, as well as towards the potential of intangible archaeological heritage to inform the development of tourism initiatives. In addition, secondary data such as tourism promotional materials and TripAdvisor reviews were also analysed. Findings suggest that, in order to operationalise intangible archaeological heritage in tourism, providers should employ constructivist heritage interpretation strategies as a way of highlighting the value of tourists’ interpretation of a historical monument over experience of engaging with its material fabric. Furthermore, co-creative archaeological tourism experiences are enhanced when providers’ creative skills are applied, a point which calls for the development of activities that are able to improve providers’ creative capacity. However, in the case of Alentejo, lack of communication between public, non- profit, and private sector actors involved in tourism provision is a key obstruction for development of tourism initiatives that are able to operationalise intangible archaeological heritage. 3 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... 2 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 9 1.1 Archaeological tourism and intangible archaeological heritage ............................. 9 1.2 Research aim and objectives ................................................................................. 12 1.3 Conceptual framework .......................................................................................... 13 1.4 Research methods .................................................................................................. 14 1.5 Contributions of this study .................................................................................... 15 1.6 Research dissemination ......................................................................................... 15 1.7 Structure of the thesis ............................................................................................ 16 1.8 Summary ............................................................................................................... 18 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................ 19 2.1 Cultural and archaeological tourism ...................................................................... 20 2.2 From cultural to creative tourism .......................................................................... 21 2.3 Providers’ role in co-creating tourism experiences ............................................... 25 2.4 Theorising creativity in tourism ............................................................................ 29 2.5 Positivist and constructivist approaches to cultural heritage interpretation .......... 33 2.6 Summary ............................................................................................................... 37 CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH SETTING: ALENTEJO ..................................................... 40 3.1 An overview of Portugal ....................................................................................... 40 3.2 Alentejo and the Alqueva dam .............................................................................. 42 3.3 Summary ............................................................................................................... 50 CHAPTER 4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................ 52 4.1 Research philosophy .............................................................................................. 52 4.2 Research design: case study .................................................................................. 55 4.3 Profile of participants and sampling criteria ......................................................... 57 4.4 Data collection methods ........................................................................................ 61 4.4.1 Interview protocol for tourism businesses ...................................................... 61 4 4.4.1.1 Open-ended questions .............................................................................. 62 4.4.1.2 Show cards ............................................................................................... 64 4.4.2 Interview protocol for public and non-profit actors ........................................ 66 4.4.3 Interview procedures....................................................................................... 67 4.4.4 Secondary data ................................................................................................ 67 4.5 Data processing and analysis ................................................................................. 68 4.6 Ethical considerations ............................................................................................ 74 4.7 Summary ............................................................................................................... 75 CHAPTER 5. ALENTEJO’S TOURISM PROVIDERS AND REGION’S (INTANGIBLE) ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE ................................................... 76 5.1 Public actors in Alentejo ....................................................................................... 77 5.1.1 Public actors’ support to tourism businesses .................................................. 79 5.1.2 Training programs developed by public actors............................................... 85 5.2 Non-profit organisations in Alentejo ..................................................................... 88 5.2.1 Non-profit actors support to tourism businesses............................................. 89 5.2.2 Training programs developed by non-profit organisations ............................. 94 5.3 Private actors in Alentejo .................................................................................... 101 5.3.1 Tour guides as locals..................................................................................... 107 5.3.2 Tour guides’ knowledge about archaeology and Alentejo’s heritage........... 113 5.4 Inter-sector cooperation and implications for IAH ............................................. 119 5.5 Summary ............................................................................................................. 121 CHAPTER 6. ALENTEJO’S PROVIDERS USE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE INTERPRETATION STRATEGIES IN APPROACHING ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE ................................................................................................................... 123 6.1 Enhancing tourists’ operant resources ................................................................. 124 6.1.1 Assessing tourists’ operant resources ..........................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Svetobežník 2015 POZNÁVACIE ZBIERAJTE MAGNETKY ZÁJAZDY a CESTUJTE POHODLNÉ CESTOVANIE ZA POZNANÍM S VÝHODAMI
    Svetobežník 2015 POZNÁVACIE ZBIERAJTE MAGNETKY ZÁJAZDY A CESTUJTE POHODLNÉ CESTOVANIE ZA POZNANÍM S VÝHODAMI Turecko – strana 5 IRÁN | TURECKO | PORTUGALSKO | ŠPANIELSKO WWW.CKSVETOBEZNIK.SK ISLAND | MOLDAVSKO | ŠKANDINÁVIA | FRANCÚZSKO ČÍNA | ALBÁNSKO | RUMUNSKO | ANGLICKO | ŠKÓTSKO www.facebook.com/svetobeznik Obsah Prečo SVETOBEŽNÍK? GARANCIA ZÁŽITKU Široká PONUKA, ktorú inde nehľadajte ALBÁNSKO ..........................................................34 každý okruh máme zmapovaný na vlastnej koži vašich priateľov BOSNA A HERCEGOVINA.....................................33 SME PRIATELIA SPRIEVODCOVIA majú prax, skúsenosti, ČESKO ...........................................................36, 39 charizmu, vždy sa na nich môžete spoľahnúť SME INOVATÍVNI a počúvame vaše názory ČÍNA ...................................................................10 POHODLIE je dôležité ESTÓNSKO .............................................................9 ZÁŽITKY sú NAJDÔLEŽITEJŠIE suveníry slávnosti, fiesty, tradície, ochutnávky bez nočných jázd, letecky, malé skupiny, autobus už FÍNSKO ..................................................................7 od 18 a lietadlo od 6 klientov FRANCÚZSKO ................................................16, 17 KVALITA je dôležitejšia ako KVANTITA SKÚSENOSTI a dôvera HOLANDSKO .......................................................18 aktívna komunikácia s dopravcami a hotelmi IRÁN .....................................................................4 ISLAND ..................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Places Europe: 108 Destinations
    Reviews from Sacred Places Around the World “… the ruins, mountains, sanctuaries, lost cities, and pilgrimage routes held sacred around the world.” (Book Passage 1/2000) “For each site, Brad Olsen provides historical background, a description of the site and its special features, and directions for getting there.” (Theology Digest Summer, 2000) “(Readers) will thrill to the wonderful history and the vibrations of the world’s sacred healing places.” (East & West 2/2000) “Sites that emanate the energy of sacred spots.” (The Sunday Times 1/2000) “Sacred sites (to) the ruins, sanctuaries, mountains, lost cities, temples, and pilgrimage routes of ancient civilizations.” (San Francisco Chronicle 1/2000) “Many sacred places are now bustling tourist and pilgrimage desti- nations. But no crowd or souvenir shop can stand in the way of a traveler with great intentions and zero expectations.” (Spirituality & Health Summer, 2000) “Unleash your imagination by going on a mystical journey. Brad Olsen gives his take on some of the most amazing and unexplained spots on the globe — including the underwater ruins of Bimini, which seems to point the way to the Lost City of Atlantis. You can choose to take an armchair pilgrimage (the book is a fascinating read) or follow his tips on how to travel to these powerful sites yourself.” (Mode 7/2000) “Should you be inspired to make a pilgrimage of your own, you might want to pick up a copy of Brad Olsen’s guide to the world’s sacred places. Olsen’s marvelous drawings and mysterious maps enhance a package that is as bizarre as it is wonderfully acces- sible.
    [Show full text]
  • Me'morchilik Asoslari
    M.MUXAMEDOVA ME’MORCHILIK ASOSLARI TOSHKENT 0 ‘ZBEKIST0N RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA 0 ‘RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI M.MUXAMEDOVA ME’MORCHILIK ASOSLARI O ‘zbekiston Respublikctsi Oliy va о ‘rta maxsus ta ’lim vazirligi tomonidan о ‘quv qo ‘llanma sifatida tavsiya etilgan UO‘K: 72.01(075.8) K BK 85.il М 96 М 96 M.Muxamedova. Me’morchilik asoslari. -Т.: «Fan va texnologiya», 2018,296 Bet. ISBN 978-9943-11-927-7 Mazkur o‘quv qoilanma me’morchilikning estetik talaBlari, texnik mukam- malligi, Binolar klassifikatsiyasi, asosiy soha va turlari, Binolar konstruksiyasi, me’morchilikning rivojlanish an’analari, yangi tipdagi binolaming funksionalligi va konstruktiv mustahkamligi Bilimlarini o‘zlashtirishga yo'naltiriladi. “Me’morchilik asoslari” o‘quv qoilanmasi mazmuniga yetakchi xorijiy oliy o‘quv yurtlarida ishlaB chiqilgan ilmiy qoilanmalar asosida me’morchilikka oid ilmiy yangiliklar kiritilgan. UshBu o‘quv qo‘llanma doirasida Qadimgi Misr, Old Osiyo, Uzoq Sharq me’morchiligi, Qadimgi Gretsiya iBodatxonalarida qurilish konstruksiyalari va order sistemalari (doriy, ion, korinf), qadimgi Rim ustun-to‘sin sistemasiga yangi konstruksiyalar kiritilishi (kompozit va toskan orderlari) akveduk, amfiteatr, forum, insulalar qurilishi, Vizantiya va ilk xristianlar davri arxitekturasi, roman va gotika usluBi me’morchilik asoslari, Uyg‘onish va Barokko davri shaharsozligining rivojlanish an’analari, klassitsizm va ampir usluBi asoslari, eklektizm, modern, konstruktivizm, funksionalizm usluBlarining zamonaviy usluBiar rivojidagi o‘rni, yangi tipdagi Binolaming funksionalligi va konstruktiv mustahkamligini o‘rganish kaBi mavzular mujassamlashtirilgan. O'quv qo‘llanmaning asosiy dolzarBligi talaBalarga Sharq va G‘arB, umuman olganda jahon me’morchiligining tarixi va nazariyasini o‘rgatish, me’morchilik tarixining tadriji, rivojlanish qonuniyatlarini o‘zlashtirish, turli usluBlaming yuzaga kelishi va shu usluBlar ta’sirida Bunyod etilgan oBidalar me’morchiligini yoritiB Berishdir.
    [Show full text]
  • Homo Erectus, Became Extinct About 1.7 Million Years Ago
    Bear & Company One Park Street Rochester, Vermont 05767 www.BearandCompanyBooks.com Bear & Company is a division of Inner Traditions International Copyright © 2013 by Frank Joseph All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Joseph, Frank. Before Atlantis : 20 million years of human and pre-human cultures / Frank Joseph. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. Summary: “A comprehensive exploration of Earth’s ancient past, the evolution of humanity, the rise of civilization, and the effects of global catastrophe”—Provided by publisher. print ISBN: 978-1-59143-157-2 ebook ISBN: 978-1-59143-826-7 1. Prehistoric peoples. 2. Civilization, Ancient. 3. Atlantis (Legendary place) I. Title. GN740.J68 2013 930—dc23 2012037131 Chapter 8 is a revised, expanded version of the original article that appeared in The Barnes Review (Washington, D.C., Volume XVII, Number 4, July/August 2011), and chapter 9 is a revised and expanded version of the original article that appeared in The Barnes Review (Washington, D.C., Volume XVII, Number 5, September/October 2011). Both are republished here with permission. To send correspondence to the author of this book, mail a first-class letter to the author c/o Inner Traditions • Bear & Company, One Park Street, Rochester, VT 05767, and we will forward the communication. BEFORE ATLANTIS “Making use of extensive evidence from biology, genetics, geology, archaeology, art history, cultural anthropology, and archaeoastronomy, Frank Joseph offers readers many intriguing alternative ideas about the origin of the human species, the origin of civilization, and the peopling of the Americas.” MICHAEL A.
    [Show full text]
  • MENHIRES Y MARCOS DE PORTUGAL Y GALICIA Menhires Y Marcos De Portugal Y Galicia
    MENHIRES Y MARCOS DE PORTUGAL Y GALICIA Menhires y marcos de Portugal y Galicia LUIS MONTEAGUDO GARCIA* Sumario Se trata de poner al día de manera sucinta el estudio de los numerosos menhires de Portugal y de los escasos (y no siempre diferenciables de los simples marcos) de Galicia. Abstract Bringing up to date in a succinct manner, the study of the many menhirs in Portugal and the few in Galicia. ste trabajo, como tantos otros de mi faceta prehistórica, tiene lejano origen y larga gestación, muchas veces abandonada por el consciente, pero nunca por el Esubconsciente, que me result a un utilísimo archivo existencial e insomne, algo así como la conciencia “nunca dormida, mudo y pertinaz testigo” de la poesía de Núñez de Arce. El principio tuvo lugar hacia 1949 (precisamente cuando también elaboraba, en 6 meses, mi tesis doctoral sobre la Geografía de Galicia en Ptolomeo) por encargo del Instituto de Estudios Gallegos Padre Sarmiento, para poner al día la «Historia de Galicia» de Murguía, con el nombre de “Galicia Histórica”. Los organizadores eran Sánchez Cantón y Filgueira. No se publicó, y aun hoy desconozco la causa, aunque en aquellos tiempos tras lo misterioso estaba casi siempre lo político. Cuevillas publicó por su cuenta su 2ª parte de la “Galicia Histórica”, excelente síntesis, “La civilización céltica de Galicia” de 1953 (reeditada en 1989). Mi colaboración (1ª parte, Prehistoria de Galicia hasta el Bronce Final) resultó demasiado analítica, amplia y compleja, por lo que fui publicando diversos capítulos después de ponerlos al día con nuevos hallazgos y estudios: Hachas de tope, 1951; Petroglifos laberínticos, 1952; Puñal de sílex nórdico, 1952; Antropología y Etnografía, 1953; Celtoalpinos, 1953; Orfebrería, 1953; Nombre de túmulos y dólmenes, 1954; Metalurgia, 1954; Ciudades asolagadas, 1956; Hoces de sílex, 1956; Localización de Cassitérides y Oestrymnides, 1957; Hachas de tope, 1958; Armas de Bronce del Museo de Avignon, 1963, etc..
    [Show full text]
  • Lives in Engineering
    LIVES IN ENGINEERING John Scales Avery January 19, 2020 2 Contents 1 ENGINEERING IN THE ANCIENT WORLD 9 1.1 Megalithic structures in prehistoric Europe . .9 1.2 Imhotep and the pyramid builders . 15 1.3 The great wall of China . 21 1.4 The Americas . 25 1.5 Angkor Wat . 31 1.6 Roman engineering . 38 2 LEONARDO AS AN ENGINEER 41 2.1 The life of Leonardo da Vinci . 41 2.2 Some of Leonardo's engineering drawings . 49 3 THE INVENTION OF PRINTING 67 3.1 China . 67 3.2 Islamic civilization and printing . 69 3.3 Gutenberg . 74 3.4 The Enlightenment . 77 3.5 Universal education . 89 4 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 93 4.1 Development of the steam engine . 93 4.2 Working conditions . 99 4.3 The slow acceptance of birth control in England . 102 4.4 The Industrial Revolution . 106 4.5 Technical change . 107 4.6 The Lunar Society . 111 4.7 Adam Smith . 113 4.8 Colonialism . 119 4.9 Trade Unions and minimum wage laws . 120 4.10 Rising standards of living . 125 4.11 Robber barons and philanthropists . 128 3 4 CONTENTS 5 CANALS, RAILROADS, BRIDGES AND TUNNELS 139 5.1 Canals . 139 5.2 Isambard Kingdon Brunel . 146 5.3 Some famous bridges . 150 5.4 The US Transcontinental Railway . 156 5.5 The Trans-Siberian railway . 158 5.6 The Channel Tunnel . 162 6 TELEGRAPH, RADIO AND TELEPHONE 171 6.1 A revolution in communication . 171 6.2 Ørsted, Amp`ereand Faraday . 174 6.3 Electromagnetic waves: Maxwell and Hertz .
    [Show full text]
  • Stone Portals by Sergey Smelyakov [email protected]
    The Stone Portals by Sergey Smelyakov [email protected] This issue starts hosting of English edition of the e-book The Stone Portals (http://www.astrotheos.com/EPage_Portal_HOME.htm). The first Chapter presents the classification and general description of the stone artefacts which are considered the stone portals: stone – for their substance, and portals – for their occult destination. Their main classes are the pyramids, cromlechs, and stone mounds, as well as lesser forms – stone labyrinths et al. Then, chapter by chapter, we analyze the classes of these artefacts from the viewpoint of their occult and analytical properties, which, as it turned out, in different regions of the world manifest the similar properties in astronomical alignments, metrological and geometrical features, calendaric application, and occult destination. The second Chapter deals with the first, most extensive class of the Stone Portals – the Labyrinth- Temples presented by edifices of various types: Pyramids, mounds, etc. This study is preceded by an overview of astronomic and calendaric concepts that are used in the subsequent analysis. The religious and occult properties are analyzed relative to the main classes of the Labyrinth-Temples disposed in Mesoamerica and Eurasia, but from analytical point of view the main attention is devoted to Mesoamerican pyramids and European Passage Mounds. Thus a series of important properties are revealed re to their geometry, geodesy, astronomy, and metrology which show that their builders possessed extensive knowledge in all these areas. At this, it is shown that although these artefacts differ in their appearance, they have much in common in their design detail, religious and occult destination, and analytic properties, and on the world-wide scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Comunicação Patrimonial De Monumentos Megalíticos: Estudo De Caso Do Cromeleque Dos Almendres Maria Nunes Gomes Pereira Setem
    Comunicação Patrimonial de Monumentos Megalíticos: Estudo de caso do Cromeleque dos Almendres Maria Nunes Gomes Pereira Dissertação de Mestrado em Museologia Setembro 2015 Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Museologia, realizada sob a orientação científica de Dra. Raquel Henriques da Silva A Comunicação Patrimonial de monumentos Megalíticos Estudo do caso do Cromeleque dos Almendres The communication of Heritage and Megalithic Monuments Case study of the Almendres Cromlech Maria Nunes Gomes Pereira PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Património; Monumentos megalíticos, Pré-história, Comunicação KEYWORDS: Heritage, Megalithic Monuments, Prehistory, Communication O cromeleque dos Almendres, em Évora, é um dos mais significativos monumentos megalíticos de toda a península Ibérica. Embora a sua importância arqueológica esteja já atestada a sua componente patrimonial não foi ainda largamente explorada. Com efeito este trabalho pretende partir deste caso exemplar para uma discussão mais alargada do sentido patrimonial deste monumentos. Sendo estruturas proliferamente presentes por toda a Europa, estas construções há muito que assumiram o seu lugar no imaginário popular e no discurso arqueológico, contudo é necessário pensar a sua posição na contemporânea dialéctica do património – um sector com uma crescente abrangência sócio-cultural. The Almendres Cromlech in Évora is one of the most significant megalithic monuments in all the Iberian Peninsula. Although its archaeological value has already been
    [Show full text]
  • Accepted Manuscript in Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Reports
    Accepted manuscript in Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Reports “3DMeshTracings”: a protocol for the digital recording of prehistoric art. Its application at Almendres cromlech (Evora, Portugal) Enrique Cerrillo-Cuenca. CSIC-Spanish Council for Scientific Research. Archaeology and Social Processes Dpt. Institute of History. Albasanz, 26-28. 28037 Madrid (Spain). Email: [email protected] Primitiva Bueno-Ramirez. University of Alcalá. Faculty of Philosophy and Letters. C/ Colegios 2. 28801. Alcalá de Henares, Madrid (Spain). Email: [email protected] Rodrigo de Balbín-Behrmann. University of Alcalá. Faculty of Philosophy and Letters. C/ Colegios 2. 28801. Alcalá de Henares, Madrid (Spain). Email: [email protected] Abstract: The recording of megalithic art on menhirs in Western Iberia used to be performed through direct tracing. The use of photographic techniques represented an important advance in the interpretation of some of the most important prehistoric sites in this wide region, and also in the structuring of archaeological narratives. With the development of photogrammetry, the possibilities have improved considerably, enabling the recording of decorations not visible to the naked eye. In this paper, we present a new protocol to highlight the engravings on eroded surfaces, based on High Performance Computing and advanced algorithms for 3D mesh calculation. This tailored protocol has rendered expressive visual results that have succeeded in recording one of the most exceptional cromlechs in Western Europe: Almendres (Portugal). The results have proved the efficiency of the method and the need to revisit the classic megalithic sites. - A method for speeding up the recording of megalithic art in complex sites is presented. - The application of the methodology has been able to discover both unpublished motifs and stelae at one of the most relevant sites in prehistoric Portugal (Almendres cromlech).
    [Show full text]
  • 2000 Years Before Stonehenge: the Almendres Megalithic Site the Solitary Stones: the Monte Dos Almendres Menhir the Megalithic C
    1 2000 years before Stonehenge: the Almendres megalithic site The Almendres site is the largest megalithic monument in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest of Humanity's monuments. It was, it would seem, built around 7000 years ago, at the dawn of the Neolithic, the time when the first communities of shepherds and farmers were emerging in Europe. The Almendres site, whose original layout was, very probably, a horseshoe shape, open towards the east, seems to have been added to and altered: the monument's current shape, which is relatively complex, is partially the result of these old interventions and, also to more or less recent amputations and disturbances. The monument currently comprises around a hundred monoliths, some of which are decorated. The choice of the places where the monuments were positioned surely took into account the physical structure of the landscape, especially the river network as well as the most notable astronomical phenomena, relating to the annual movement of the Sun, Moon, on the horizon. On the outskirts of Évora, in a restricted area to the West of the city, there are two other sites of the same type Portela de Mogos and Vale Maria do Meio. This group makes up the largest concentration of menhirs in the Iberian Peninsula, demonstrating the special role that this region played in the origins of European megalithism. 2 The solitary stones: The Monte dos Almendres menhir As with most of the European megalithic regions, in this area there are a large number of isolated menhirs, some of which appear to be spatially oriented with the sites and generally contemporaneous to them.
    [Show full text]
  • Cork Oaks and Neolithic Megaliths: the Almendres Cromlech (Portugal)
    www.aulados.net Ciencia y Sociedad 2021 Cork oaks and Neolithic megaliths: The Almendres Cromlech (Portugal) R. Oyarzun & P. Cubas Aula2puntonet - 2021 Menhirs from the Almendres Chromlech (Évora-Portugal) and cork oaks (Quercus suber). Image: P. Cubas Cromlech is a term that comes from the French language, which in turn is derived from two Breton words “kroum” (crown) and “lech” (stone), and it is applied to megalithic monuments formed by menhirs inserted into the ground, adopting a circular or elliptical shape similar to a wall surrounding a piece of land (Wikipedia 2021a). The Almendres Cromlech (Évora - Portugal) is the largest megalithic monument in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe. This Iberian megalithic monument is surrounded by cork oaks (Quercus suber), and consists of large granitic stones (menhirs) of rounded elliptical shape (Seglins et al. 2019) forming an E-W oriented (major axis) figure of about 63 x 30 m, where a large oval (to the West) and another less defined shape to the East can be seen. Menhirs Cork oaks Iberian Peninsula Cork oaks 15 m A: Location of Almendres Chromlech in the Iberian Peninsula (base image: Descloitres 2003). B: The Almendres Chromlech from above (base image: Google Earth). R. Oyarzun and P. Cubas are Retired Associate Professors of Geology and Botany respectively www.aulados.net Ciencia y Sociedad 2021 The Almendres Chromlech was built more than 6000 years ago (5000-4000 BC, Batista et al. 2017), during the Neolithic Age, when the first communities of shepherds and farmers emerged in Western Europe. The Almendres enclosure, whose original plan most likely had a horseshoe shape open to the east, seems to have undergone extensions and remodeling.
    [Show full text]
  • Intagibleheritage.Pdf
    SHARING CULTURES 2017 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intangible Heritage Barcelos, Portugal 6-8 September Edited by Sérgio Lira Rogério Amoêda Cristina Pinheiro SHARING CULTURES 2017 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intangible Heritage Edited by Sérgio Lira, Rogério Amoêda & Cristina Pinheiro Credits of cover image: Museum of Pottery of Barcelos 2017 The Editors and the Authors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the Publisher. ISBN 978-989-8734-24-2 eISBN 978-989-8734-23-5 Published by Green Lines Instituto para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development Av. Alcaides de Faria, 377 S.12 4750-106 Barcelos, Portugal [email protected] http://greenlines-institute.org 1st edition, September 2017 Published in electronic format. Print on demand Legal Notice The Editors and the Publisher are not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. F oreword v Foreword Sharing Cultures 2017 - 5th International Conference on Intangible Heritage follows the path established by the previous Conferences on Intangible Heritage (Sharing Cultures 2009, 2011, 2013 and 2015) and aims at pushing even further the studies on Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) under the main topics proposed by the UNESCO Convention. As in previous editions of this event some new fields of discussion, namely on what concerns management and promotion of ICH, educational matters and authenticity were added to the list of topics. The complete list for this edition of Sharing Cultures included 01- Oral traditions and ex- pressions; 02- Performing arts; 03- Social practices; 04- Traditional craftsmanship; 05- Man- agement and promotion of intangible heritage; 06- Authenticity of intangible heritage; 07- In- tangible heritage and education; 08- Special Chapter: Pilgrimage Routes.
    [Show full text]