07-01-12 Beja.Indd
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Eastern Front and the Struggle Against Marginalization
3 The Eastern Front and the Struggle against Marginalization By John Young Copyright The Small Arms Survey Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey is an independent research project located at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. It serves © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva 2007 as the principal source of public information on all aspects of small arms and First published in May 2007 as a resource centre for governments, policy-makers, researchers, and activ- ists. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior Established in 1999, the project is supported by the Swiss Federal Depart- permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permitted by ment of Foreign Affairs, and by contributions from the Governments of Bel- law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organi- gium, Canada, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the zation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should United Kingdom. The Survey is also grateful for past and current project-spe- be sent to the Publications Manager, Small Arms Survey, at the address below. cific support received from Australia, Denmark, and New Zealand. Further Small Arms Survey funding has been provided by the United Nations Development Programme, Graduate Institute of International Studies the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, the Geneva 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland International Academic Network, and the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining. -
Sudan: International Dimensions to the State and Its Crisis
crisis states research centre OCCASIONAL PAPERS Occasional Paper no. 3 Sudan: international dimensions to the state and its crisis Alex de Waal Social Science Research Council April 2007 ISSN 1753 3082 (online) Copyright © Alex de Waal, 2007 Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of material published in this Occasional Paper, the Crisis States Research Centre and LSE accept no responsibility for the veracity of claims or accuracy of information provided by contributors. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce this Occasional Paper, or any part thereof, should be sent to: The Editor, Crisis States Research Centre, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE 1 Crisis States Research Centre Sudan: International Dimensions to the State and its Crisis Alex de Waal Social Science Research Council Overview This paper follows on from the associated essay, “Sudan: What Kind of State? What Kind of Crisis?”1 which concluded that the two dominant characteristics of the Sudanese state are (a) the extreme economic and political inequality between a hyper-dominant centre and peripheries that are weak and fragmented and (b) the failure of any single group or faction within the centre to exercise effective control over the institutions of the state, but who nonetheless can collectively stay in power because of their disproportionate resources. -
Sudan, Performed by the Much Loved Singer Mohamed Wardi
Confluence: 1. the junction of two rivers, especially rivers of approximately equal width; 2. an act or process of merging. Oxford English Dictionary For you oh noble grief For you oh sweet dream For you oh homeland For you oh Nile For you oh night Oh good and beautiful one Oh my charming country (…) Oh Nubian face, Oh Arabic word, Oh Black African tattoo Oh My Charming Country (Ya Baladi Ya Habbob), a poem by Sidahmed Alhardallou written in 1972, which has become one of the most popular songs of Sudan, performed by the much loved singer Mohamed Wardi. It speaks of Sudan as one land, praising the country’s diversity. EQUAL RIGHTS TRUST IN PARTNERSHIP WITH SUDANESE ORGANISATION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT In Search of Confluence Addressing Discrimination and Inequality in Sudan The Equal Rights Trust Country Report Series: 4 London, October 2014 The Equal Rights Trust is an independent international organisation whose pur- pose is to combat discrimination and promote equality as a fundamental human right and a basic principle of social justice. © October 2014 Equal Rights Trust © Photos: Anwar Awad Ali Elsamani © Cover October 2014 Dafina Gueorguieva Layout: Istvan Fenyvesi PrintedDesign: in Dafinathe UK Gueorguieva by Stroma Ltd ISBN: 978-0-9573458-0-5 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by other means without the prior written permission of the publisher, or a licence for restricted copying from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd., UK, or the Copyright Clearance Centre, USA. -
Sudan, Country Information
Sudan, Country Information SUDAN ASSESSMENT April 2003 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III HISTORY IV STATE STRUCTURES V HUMAN RIGHTS HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS ANNEX A - CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B - LIST OF MAIN POLITICAL PARTIES ANNEX C - GLOSSARY ANNEX D - THE POPULAR DEFENCE FORCES ACT 1989 ANNEX E - THE NATIONAL SERVICE ACT 1992 ANNEX F - LIST OF THE MAIN ETHNIC GROUPS OF SUDAN ANNEX G - REFERENCES TO SOURCE DOCUMENTS 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum/human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum/human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. These sources have been checked for accuracy, and as far as can be ascertained, remained relevant and up-to-date at the time the document was issued. 1.4 It is intended to revise the assessment on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom. -
Sudan Opposition to the Government, Including
Country Policy and Information Note Sudan: Opposition to the government, including sur place activity Version 2.0 November 2018 Preface Purpose This note provides country of origin information (COI) and analysis of COI for use by Home Office decision makers handling particular types of protection and human rights claims (as set out in the basis of claim section). It is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of a particular subject or theme. It is split into two main sections: (1) analysis of COI; and (2) COI. These are explained in more detail below. Asessment This section analyses the evidence relevant to this note – i.e. the COI section; refugee/human rights laws and policies; and applicable caselaw – by describing this and its inter-relationships, and provides an assessment on whether, in general: x A person is reasonably likely to face a real risk of persecution or serious harm x A person is able to obtain protection from the state (or quasi state bodies) x A person is reasonably able to relocate within a country or territory x Claims are likely to justify granting asylum, humanitarian protection or other form of leave, and x If a claim is refused, it is likely or unlikely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under section 94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must, however, still consider all claims on an individual basis, taking into account each case’s specific facts. Country of origin information The country information in this note has been carefully selected in accordance with the general principles of COI research as set out in the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation’s (ACCORD), Researching Country Origin Information – Training Manual, 2013. -
Sudan Assessment
SUDAN ASSESSMENT April 2000 Country Information and Policy Unit CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION 1.1 - 1.5 II GEOGRAPHY 2.1 III HISTORY 3.1 - 3.7 The Economy 3.8 - 3.10 IV INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE Political System 4.1 - 4.12 The Judiciary 4.13 - 4.21 The Security Forces 4.22 - 4.24 V HUMAN RIGHTS A Introduction A.1 - A.4 B General Assessment B.1 - B.5 Prison Conditions B.6 Use of Excessive Force and Violations of Humanitarian Law in B.7 - B.9 Internal Conflicts C Specific Groups Opposition Members C.1 - C.4 Religious Groups C.5 Christians C.6 - C.8 Islamic Sects C.9 - C.13 Ethnicity C.14 - C.18 Women C.19 - C.22 Children C.23 - C.26 Students C.27 - C.30 Conscripts C.31 - C.35 1 D Other Issues Civil War D.1 - D.17 Ceasefire/Peace Negotiations D.18 - D.24 Freedom of Political Association D.25 - D.31 Freedom of Assembly D.32 - D.35 Freedom of Speech and of the Press D.36 - D.45 Freedom of Religion D.46 - D.51 Freedom to Travel/Internal Flight D.52 - D.57 National Service and Popular Defence Forces D.58 - D.62 VI GENERAL ISSUES Foreign Relations 5.1 - 5.16 Attacks on US embassies and US Retaliation 5.17 - 5.23 Bombings 5.24 - 5.26 Assassination Attempts 5.27 Health 5.28 - 5.33 Slavery 5.34 - 5.35 Punishments 5.36 - 5.41 Elections 5.42 - 5.46 Miscellaneous 5.47 - 5.58 VII ANNEXES A MAJOR POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS Pages 45 - 47 B SPLA FACTIONS Pages 48 - 49 C PROMINENT PEOPLE PAST AND PRESENT Pages 50 - 51 D CHRONOLOGY Pages 52 - 67 E BIBLIOGRAPHY Pages 68 - 75 I. -
2017. Blin and Arab Historians in the Twelfth Century
BLIN AND ARAB HISTORIANS IN THE TWELFTH CENTURY. Presented on the Blin Conference Stuttgart, Germany in July 21-23, 2017. Idris Abubeker (PhD) Abstract The ancient history of the Blin still needs to be investigated. Within this premise, this paper discusses three Arabic texts written in the twelfth century in relation to the history of the Blin. Two of them were written by El-Idrissi the historian while the third one was a manuscript written by a poet called Ibn al-Qalaqis. I would argue that one of the texts of El- Idrissi and the manuscript of Ibn al-Qalaqis are discussed for the first time. Giving prominence for treatment of the two texts, may contribute to our knowledge of the study of Blin. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The first inhabitant of the east Africa region is the Nilotic group. They dominated this region for thousands of years, until the advent of the Cushitic group that led them either to mix with them or to migrate out of that area or to settle in specific areas1. It is believed that the Cushitic group entered to this region from the Arabian Peninsula via Bab al-Mandab or from the Caucasus through Egypt between the fifth and third millennium BC. They relied on animals that could live in harsh desert life like camels and others. They developed architecture and music, as evidenced by the construction of pyramids in Egypt and the Church of Lalibela in Ethiopia and the ancient port of Adulis in Eritrea and others2. The demographics of these groups were spread throughout the region from southern Egypt to northern Kenya. -
The Beja Language Today in Sudan: the State of the Art in Linguistics Martine Vanhove
The Beja Language Today in Sudan: The State of the Art in Linguistics Martine Vanhove To cite this version: Martine Vanhove. The Beja Language Today in Sudan: The State of the Art in Linguistics. Proceed- ings of the 7th International Sudan Studies Conference April 6th - 8th 2006. Bergen, Norway, 2006, Bergen, Norway. pp.CD Rom. halshs-00010091 HAL Id: halshs-00010091 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00010091 Submitted on 10 Apr 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 2006. Proceedings of the 7th International Sudan Studies Conference April 6th – 8th 2006. Bergen, Norway. CD Rom, Bergen: University of Bergen. THE BEJA LANGUAGE TODAY IN SUDAN: THE STATE OF THE ART IN LINGUISTICS MARTINE VANHOVE (LLACAN, UMR 8135 - CNRS, INALCO) 1 INTRODUCTION The Beja language is spoken in the eastern part of the Sudan by some 1,100,000 Muslim people, according to the 1998 census. It belongs to the Cushitic family of the Afro-Asiatic genetic stock. It is the sole member of its northern branch, and is so different from other Cushitic languages in many respects and especially as regards to the lexicon, that the American linguist, Robert Hetzron (1980), thought it best to set it apart from Cushitic as an independent branch of Afro-Asiatic. -
Tekna Berbers in Morocco
www.globalprayerdigest.org GlobalDecember 2019 • Frontier Ventures •Prayer 38:12 Digest The Birth Place of Christ, But Few Will Celebrate His Birth 4—North Africa: Where the Berber and Arab Worlds Blend 7—The Fall of a Dictator Spells a Rise of Violence 22—Urdus: A People Group that is Not a People Group 23—You Can Take the Bedouin Out of the Desert, but … December 2019 Editorial EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Feature of the Month Keith Carey For comments on content call 626-398-2241 or email [email protected] ASSISTANT EDITOR Dear Praying Friends, Paula Fern Pray For Merry Christmas! WRITERS Patricia Depew Karen Hightower This month we will pray for the large, highly unreached Wesley Kawato A Disciple-Making Movement Among Ben Klett Frontier People Groups (FPGs) in the Middle East. They David Kugel will be celebrating Christmas in Bethlehem, and a few other Christopher Lane Every Frontier People Group in the Ted Proffitt places where Arabs live, but most will treat December 25 Cory Raynham like any other day. It seems ironic that in the land of Christ’s Lydia Reynolds Middle East Jean Smith birth, his birth is only celebrated by a few. Allan Starling Chun Mei Wilson Almost all the others are Sunni Muslim, but that is only a John Ytreus part of the story. Kurds and Berbers are trying to maintain PRAYING THE SCRIPTURES their identity among the dominant Arabs, while Bedouin Keith Carey tribes live their lives much like Abraham did thousands of CUSTOMER SERVICE years ago. Who will take Christ to these people? Few if any Lois Carey Lauri Rosema have tried it to this day. -
Beja Local Conflict, Marginalisation, and the Threat to Regional Security John Young
Beja Local conflict, marginalisation, and the threat to regional security John Young Introduction tens of thousands of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees and has led to the destruction of the In a region that has become notorious for its level of economy and infrastructure in the Eritrean-Sudanese armed conflict, Sudan stands out. Armed struggles in border area. But the tragedy of the east lies in its lack of the south broke out months before the country was development, poverty, and the loss of human potential. granted independence on 1 January 1956. In the 1960s By these measurements this region may well be suffering these struggles developed into a full-fledged insurrection the most in Sudan from marginalisation. Moreover, led by Anyanya that only ended in 1972. The conflict because of the strategic position of eastern Sudan, this resumed in 1983 between the Sudan Armed Forces conflict has long been at the centre of tensions between (SAF) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/ Sudan and Eritrea, and to a lesser extent Ethiopia, Army (SPLM/A), which was established which borders the southern portion of in the same year. The second civil war the territory. Because Eritrea and Ethiopia was formally brought to an end with have yet to resolve their outstanding the signing of the Comprehensive Peace border issues, relations between them Agreement (CPA) in Nairobi on 9 January Instability in remain tense and any developments in 2005, although the jury is still out as to eastern Sudan eastern Sudan are bound to have an whether peace will prove sustainable. -
Beja Terms Used: Silif: Customary Law That Regulates All Beja Groups Diwab: Linage
Beja terms used: Silif: customary law that regulates all Beja groups Diwab: linage 1. Description 1.1 Name(s) of society, language, and language family: Name of society: Beja, Bedawi (2) Language: Bedawiyet (1) Language Family: Cushitic (1) 1.2 ISO code (3 letter code from ethnologue.com): bej (1) 1.3 Location (latitude/longitude): Red Sea, Kassaia States, Southeast River Nile, Egypt, Eritrea (1) 1.4 Brief history: “The Beja are traditionally nomadic shepherds who migrate annually with their herds. In the north, small groups of nomads herd flocks of sheep, goats, camels, and cattle” (2). They live scattered across the desert regions of Sudan, Egypt and Eritrea (2). The Beja are native Africans who have lived in their current homelands for more than 4,000 years, and (in Sudan) are divided into four tribes: the Hadendowa, the Amarar, the Abadba, and the Beni Amer (2). The Beja are traditionally nomadic, so they live in portable tents that are curved in shape and are made from woven palm fronds (2). 1.5 Influence of missionaries/schools/governments/powerful neighbors: The Beja have never been conquered by a foreign power (2). 1.6 Ecology (natural environment): Ecosystem type: Savanna (6) Geological type: Riverine and Plains (6) 1.7 Population size, mean village size, home range size, density: Beja live in clans, and are named after their ancestors. Clans vary from one to twelve families has it’s own pastures and water sites that others may use, but with permission. The Beja always show kindness to other clans, but are not necessarily friendly to foreigners (2). -
Gender Assessment of Political Parties' Internal Regulations in Sudan
Gender Assessment of Political Parties’ Internal Regulations in Sudan Gender Assessment of Political Parties’ Internal Regulations in Sudan Dr Asha K. Elkarib © 2021 International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance International IDEA publications are independent of specific national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA, its Board or its Council members. References to the names of countries and regions in this publication do not represent the official position of International IDEA with regard to the legal status or policy of the entities mentioned. [CCL image] The electronic version of this publication is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) licence. You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the publication as well as to remix and adapt it, provided it is only for non-commercial purposes, that you appropriately attribute the publication, and that you distribute it under an identical licence. For more information visit the Creative Commons website: <http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/> International IDEA encourages dissemination of its work and will promptly respond to requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications. Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of this publication should be made to: International IDEA Strömsborg SE–103 34 Stockholm Sweden Tel: +46 8 698 37 00 Email: [email protected] Website: <http://www.idea.int> This report was prepared in the context of a programme entitled ‘Supporting Sudan’s Democratic Transition’. The programme includes a series of components all of which aim to support Sudan’s transition to a democratic system of government, and to contribute to SDG 16 to promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.