Gerrit Smienk and Johannes Niemeijer

PALLADIO, THE AND THE LANDSCAPE

With contributions by Hans Venema And drawings by Frits van Dongen Edson da Costa Jeroen Geurst Hans van Heeswijk Ferry Raedts Leon Thier Ton Venhoeven Peter Vermeulen Eric Vreedenburgh NiekvanVugt Wilfried van Winden Rein van Wylick Vera Yanovshtchinsky and their assistants

Birkhauser Basel CONTENTS

OVERVIEW 7 THE VILLA IN A PRODUCTION LANDSCAPE 150 Palladio, theory and practice 7 Framing 151 Exploring the from the air 8 The agricultural domain and the parcellation 153 Traces 9 Buildings and artefacts 155 Indicators and predecessors 10 Beacons in the landscape 155 Interpretations and research questions 13 The secret of Palladian staging 156

THE RE-CREATION OF THE VENETIAN TERRAFERMA 16 BIBLIOGRAPHY 158 State intervention 17 Drainage and reclamation 18 INDEX 159 Low land and high water 20 High land and low water 22 ILLUSTRATION CREDITS 160 The re-creation of the Venetian terraferma 24

TEN SELECTED VILLAS 27 Villa Godi: Recomposing the landscape 32 Villa Saraceno: Breathing in the landscape 42 Villa Pisani, Bagnolo: The jump across the river 50 Villa Poiana: Broad composition 58 Villa Badoer: Separation and embrace 68 : 'In splendid isolation' 76 : Long sightlines 84 : Water machine at the foot of the mountains 94 : A focal point in an agricultural landscape 106 Villa Rotonda: All-round symmetry and different on all sides 118

THE AGRICULTURAL VILLA AS MODEL FARM 132 The laws of architecture 133 A paradoxical problem 134 The residence 134 The coperto, or farm buildings 139 The farmyard 140 Variations on the model 141 The essence of the model 141 Plan development in three directions 142 Spatial synthesis 149