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Dobosz Strzelczyk – Dodruk.Indd 1 2015-11-24 19:41:32 Dobosz Strzelczyk – Dodruk.Indd 2 2015-11-24 19:41:45 UNIWERSYTET IM Chrystianizacja Europy Dobosz Strzelczyk – dodruk.indd 1 2015-11-24 19:41:32 Dobosz Strzelczyk – dodruk.indd 2 2015-11-24 19:41:45 UNIWERSYTET IM. ADAMA MICKIEWICZA W POZNANIU SERIA HISTORIA NR 226 Chrystianizacja Europy Kościół na przełomie I i II tysiąclecia Redakcja Józef Dobosz, Jerzy Strzelczyk POZNAŃ 2015 Dobosz Strzelczyk – dodruk.indd 3 2015-11-24 19:41:45 Abstract. Dobosz Józef, Strzelczyk Jerzy (eds). Chrystianizacja Europy. Kościół na przełomie I i II tysiąclecia [The Christianisation of Europe. The Church at the Turn of the Second Millennium]. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu (Adam Mickiewicz University Press). Poznań 2014. Seria Historia nr 226. Pp. 292. ISBN 978-83-232-2842-4. ISSN 0554-8217. Polish text with English summaries. This seminal book is an attempt to summarise and chart new directions in the on-going historical de- bate relating to the formation and spread of Christianity throughout the European continent. The authors examine the processes of the emergence and consolidation of Christianity along with the birth of the foundations of the institutional Church within Imperium Romanum. The question of the Christianisation of tribes and the emergent barbaric states is also explored. The study covers subjects up to the formation of medieval Respublica Christiana circa 1000, and, going beyond the issues of Christianity, addresses also issues appertaining to pagan religions in Europe and to other Christian denominations, Judaism and Islam. Józef Dobosz, Jerzy Strzelczyk – Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Instytut Historii, ul. Umultowska 89d, 61-614 Poznań. Recenzent: dr hab. Krzysztof Skwierczyński © Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2014 Praca naukowa finansowana w ramach programu Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego pod nazwą „Narodowy Program Rozwoju Humanistyki” w latach 2014-2019, n r projektu 0046/NPRH3/H11/82/2014. Tłumaczenie tekstów na język angielski: Agnieszka Tokarczuk Fotografie na okładce i we wnętrzu: Piotr Namiota Projekt okładki: Ewa Wąsowska Redaktor: Ewa Dobosz Redaktor techniczny: Elżbieta Rygielska Łamanie komputerowe: Reginaldo Cammarano ISBN 978-83-232-2842-4 ISSN 0554-8217 WYDAWNICTWO NAUKOWE UNIWERSYTETU IM. ADAMA MICKIEWICZA W POZNANIU 61-701 POZNAŃ, UL. FREDRY 10 www.press.amu.edu.pl Sekretariat: tel. 61 829 46 46, faks 61 829 46 47, e-mail: [email protected] Dział sprzedaży: tel. 61 829 46 40, e-mail: [email protected] Wydanie I – dodruk. Ark. wyd. 22,00. Ark. druk. 18,25 DRUK I OPRAWA: UNI-DRUK, LUBOŃ, UL. PRZEMYSŁOWA 13 Dobosz Strzelczyk – dodruk.indd 4 2015-11-24 19:41:45 SPIS TREŚCI Wstęp (Józef Dobosz, Jerzy Strzelczyk) .................................................................. 9 I. Początki i rozwój chrześcijaństwa w ramach Cesarstwa Rzymskiego Maria Dzielska W kręgu problemów religijnych cesarstwa rzymskiego ............................................. 19 Kazimierz Ilski Prawne aspekty chrystianizacji Imperium Romanum ............................................ 37 ks. Stanisław Adamiak Dynamika ekspansji chrześcijaństwa w pierwszych wiekach .................................. 49 Sławomir Bralewski „Pierwszeństwo wynikające ze starszeństwa” – administracja Kościoła w epoce wczesnego chrześcijaństwa .......................................................................................... 61 II. W kręgu judaizmu i islamu Rafał Witkowski Tendencje prozelitystyczne w mozaizmie .................................................................. 81 Zdzisław Pentek Żydzi pod dominacją chrześcijan. Chrześcijanie pod dominacją islamu ............... 99 III. Pierwotne religie Europy Stanisław Rosik Religionem lingua facit? W sprawie paradygmatu etnicznego w studiach nad religią Słowian i Bałtów ......................................................................................................... 111 Leszek P. Słupecki Germanowie i ich pogańska religia wobec wpływów obcych ................................... 129 Dobosz Strzelczyk – dodruk.indd 5 2015-11-24 19:41:46 6 Spis treści IV. Ekspansja chrześcijaństwa poza Imperium Romanum Krzysztof Stopka Armenia, Iberia, Albania Kaukaska, Persja, misje w Azji dalszej i Etiopii ........... 149 Jan Prostko-Prostyński Chrześcijaństwo u Germanów na ziemiach Imperium Romanum ........................ 161 Jerzy Strzelczyk Początki chrześcijaństwa w Irlandii ........................................................................... 183 Maksymilian Sas Jak z pogańskiego władcy uczynić chrześcijańskiego króla? Nawrócenie Ethelberta z Kentu i Edwina z Nortumbrii przez misjonarzy z Rzymu .................................... 193 Dariusz Andrzej Sikorski Chrystianizacja germańskiej Germanii od VI do początku IX wieku .................... 231 Maciej Salamon Jak pozyskać nowych wyznawców chrześcijaństwa? Początki wschodniej i zachod- niej misji we wczesnośredniowiecznej „Młodszej Europie” ...................................... 245 Adam Krawiec Cywilizacyjna i duchowa rola chrześcijaństwa we wczesnym średniowieczu ........ 267 Marek Cetwiński Podsumowanie ............................................................................................................. 285 Wykaz ważniejszych skrótów ............................................................................................ 291 Dobosz Strzelczyk – dodruk.indd 6 2015-11-24 19:41:46 CONTENTS Introduction (Józef Dobosz, Jerzy Strzelczyk) ................................................... 13 I. The Early Days and Rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire Maria Dzielska Religious issues in the Roman Empire ........................................................................ 19 Kazimierz Ilski Legal aspects of the Christianisation of the Roman Empire ..................................... 37 Fr Stanisław Adamiak The dynamics of Christian expansion in the first centuries AD .............................. 49 Sławomir Bralewski ‘Priority resulting from seniority’ – administration of the Church in early Christi- anity .............................................................................................................................. 61 II. In the Context of Judaism and Islam Rafał Witkowski Proselystic trends in Mosaism ..................................................................................... 81 Zdzisław Pentek Jews under the domination of Christians. Christians under the domination of Islam ......................................................................................................................... 99 III. Pre-Christian Religions in Europe Stanisław Rosik Religionem lingua facit? On the ethnic paradigm in the studies on the religion of the Slavs and Balts ....................................................................................................... 111 Leszek P. Słupecki Germanic peoples and their pagan religion in the face of foreign influences .......... 129 Dobosz Strzelczyk – dodruk.indd 7 2015-11-24 19:41:46 8 Contents IV. The Spread of Christianity beyond the Roman Empire Krzysztof Stopka Armenia, Iberia, Caucasian Albania, Persia, missions in remote Asia and Ethiopia 149 Jan Prostko-Prostyński Christianity among the Germanic peoples in the territories of the Roman Empire 161 Jerzy Strzelczyk The beginnings of Christianity in Ireland .................................................................. 183 Maksymilian Sas How to turn a pagan ruler into a Christian king? The conversion of Æthelberht of Kent and Edwin of Northumbria by missionaries from Rome ................................ 193 Dariusz Andrzej Sikorski The Christianisation of the Germanic Germania from the sixth to the early ninth century AD ................................................................................................................... 231 Maciej Salamon How to encourage more people to convert to Christianity? The origins of the east- ern and western mission in early medieval ‘Younger Europe’ ................................... 245 Adam Krawiec The civilisational and spiritual role of Christianity in the Early Middle Ages ....... 267 Marek Cetwiński Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 285 List of important abbreviations ........................................................................................ 291 Dobosz Strzelczyk – dodruk.indd 8 2015-11-24 19:41:46 WSTĘP Poszukiwania początków polskiej państwowości i korzeni zaszczepionej na jej gruncie w drugiej połowie X stulecia religii chrześcijańskiej postępują od momentu ukształ- towania się w XIX wieku nowoczesnej historiografii. Stawiane były przez ostatnie dwa stulecia rozmaite pytania o rolę i miejsce chrześcijaństwa w obrządku łacińskim w dziejach państwa piastowskiego i wyrastającej zeń monarchii jagiellońskiej i odro- dzonej Rzeczypospolitej. Kolejne pokolenia historyków, archeologów, teologów pró- bują na nowo opisać zjawiska związane z wprowadzenie i utrwaleniem nowej religii na obszarze rodzącej sie Polski, włączając ów opis w szeroki kontekst historyczny i te- rytorialny. Zbliżająca się 1050. rocznica aktu chrztu Mieszka I szczególnie sprzyja po- głębieniu refleksji na ten temat. W poznańskim środowisku historycznym zrodziła się idea szerokiego spojrzenia na wydarzenia z drugiej połowy X wieku i ukazania ich na tle rozprzestrzeniającego się na kontynencie europejskim chrześcijaństwa. Spróbujemy w trzech odsłonach nakreślić procesy, które doprowadziły w 966 roku Mieszka I do przyjęcia chrześcijaństwa, przez działalność
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