INDEX
Abbott, Dwight, I, 132 Alworth Reserve, I, 496 Acton, Robert W., III, 943 American Barge Company, I, 289, 411 Aerial Ferry Bridge, I, 276 American Carbolite Company, I, 316, Adams, Bertram S., III, 1178 317, 318 Adams, Charles E., II, 721 American Exchange Bank, Duluth, I, Adams, David T., I, 395, 431, 445, 449, 261, 308 451, 454, 468, 496; II, 511, 513; 514, American Exchange National Bank, 520, 521, 522, 523, 547, 574, 579, 581, Duluth, I, 228, 309 586, 666, 682, 702, 714, 727; III, 933 American Exchange Bank of Virginia, Adams and Fayal Kindergartens, Eve- II, 598 leth, II, 535 American Fur Company's, Building, Adams Hospital, Hibbing, II, 564 Fond du Lac (Illustration), I, 48 Adams Mine, I, 405, 414; II, 513, 515 American Fur Trading Company at Adams Mine Office (Original), (Illus- Fond du Lac, Minnesota, I, 44; post tration), II, 512 abandoned (1847), 55; its mining Adams Mining Company, II, 513 operations, 66 Adams Properties: In Lake Superior American Legion Post, Mountain Iron, Consolidated Iron Mines, I, 405 I, 428 Adams School, Duluth, I, 337 American Mining Company, I, 499 Adams 'School (Lincoln Annex), Eve- American Steam Barge Company, I, 401 leth, II, 536 Americanization, I, 334 Adams-Spruce Mines, II, 515, 516 Anderson, Andrew, I, 428 Adkins, DeWitt, I, 443 Anderson, Andrew G., III, 1121 Adkins, Stanley, II, 865 Anderson, Alexander, II, 827 Adriatic Mine, II, 706 Anderson, A. R., I, 455 Agnew, W. C., II, 543, 545, 552, 728, Anderson, Charles, I, 391 729 Anderson, E. J.,I, 467 Agnew Mine, II, 545 Anderson, E. .' I, 231 Agnew No. 2 Reserve, II, 545 Anderson, F. E., I, 484 Agnew No. 3 Reserve, II, 545 Anderson, Harry W., II, 894 Agnich, Joseph, I, 391 Anderson, John, I, 372, 391, 428 Agnich, Steve, I, 391 Anderson, Nels, II, 826 Agriculture: Farms in St. Louis County Anderson, R. E., I, 459 in 1910 and 1920, I, 179; (Hutter dis- Anderson rural school, I, 481 trict), 460; (Balkan Township), 508; Andren, Andrew, II, 871 (Eveleth district). II, 530 Andrews, J. M., I, 359 Ainslee, S. R., II, 580, 581 Androy Hotel. Hibbing, II, 559 Aitkin, William A., I, 49 Angora Township, II, 663 Ajax Mine, I, 451 Angst, Bert, II, 547 Akerson, 0. W., I, 378 Ansley, Frank, III, 1189 Ala, Edward, II, 829 Anthony, Frank, I, 87 Alango Township, II. 661 Antonelli, Herman, III, 1128 Albany Mine, II, 545 Appleby, W. H., II, 893 Alborn Township, II, 662 Applehagen, E., I, 270 Albricht, Theodore, I, 490 Apuli, Gust A., I, 430; III, 1149 Alden Township, II, 663 Archer, William J., II, 828 Alexander, Claude C., III. 1109 Armstrong, Benjamin J., I, 61, 62, 120 Alexander, George H., III, 1013 Armstrong, Frederick W., II, 855 Alger-Smith mill, I, 328 Armstrong, John, II, 582 "Algonquin" (historic schooner), I, 322 Armstrong, John F., I, 450 Allaben, G., I, 475 Armstrong, Thomas, I, 369 Allen, Charles J., I, 264 Arnold, Luther B., III, 1110 Allen, John, III, 1000 Ash, H. C., I, 301 Allen, Quince, I, 113 Ashawa (Village), II, 721 . Allen, William, II, 663 Ashtabula Heights, 'I, 236 Allen Junction school, I, 492 Ashton, Harry, I, 106 Allen township, II, 663 Ashton, Washington, I, 125 Allred, William P., Jr., II, 929 Associated Charities of Duluth, I, 298 Altamont Water Company, I, 299 Astor, John Jacob, I, 44 Alworth, Marshall H., I, 267, 301, 496; "Astor, John Jacob" (pioneer brig), I, II, 540, 551, 754 321 Alworth Building, Duluth (Illustration), Atkins. George G., I, 445, 452 ; II. 511, I, 295 579,- 714 vii viii INDEX
Atkinson, Claude M., II, 566; III, 973 Barbour, H. P., I, 449 Atkinson, Marc M., II, 566 Barclay, Anthony, I, 340 Atwood, Edward, I, 385 Barden, James, I, 305 Auburn (Iron King) Mine (also illus- Bardon, James, I, 88, 94, 120, 135, 251, tration), II, 583 280 305 306, 346 Ault, George L., II, 667 Bardon, James H., I, 45, 66 Ault township, II, 667 Bardon, Richard, I, 305 Aurora Athletic Association, I, 494 Bardon, Thomas, I, 367 "Aurora Borealis," I, 490 Baring failure, I, 285 Aurora Grade School (Illustration), I, Barnes, Julius H., I, 292 488 Barnes, Mrs. Julius H., I, 338 Aurora News, I, 490 Barnes, Lucien J., I, 212, 257 Aurora reserve, I, 485 Barnett, John M., I, 95, 112, 116, 125, Aurora Village, I, 180, 485, 486, 487, 130, 207 488, 489 Barnett, John S., I, 99 Austin, Joseph, I, 504 Barnett (Miss), N. C., I, 112 Aygarn, M. D., I, 481, 484 Barnum, George G., I, 224 ; III, 984 Ayer, Frederick, I, 49 Barnett, Edward L., II, 844 Ayres, George T., I, 385, 387; II, 894 Barrett, Frederick, I, 459; II, 580; III, Azhamignon, Peter, I, 54 1160 Barrett, George R., III, 1005 Babbitt, K. R., II, 666 Barrett, Lawrence M., II, 844 Babbitt, Village, II, 665, 666, 667 Barrett, R. H., I, 92, 100, 114, 133, 139, Bacon, D. H., I, 365, 477 145, 151 Bacon, Ryan H., I, 94, 95 Barrett, William C., III, 968 Badger, Samuel, I, 133, 146, 218 Barron, Daisy, I, 491 Badger, Samuel, Jr., I, 146 Barstow, William, I, 164 Bailey, C. E., I, 456; II, 516 Bartlett, E. B., I, 403 Bailey, E. L., I, 232 Barton, J. A., I, 490 Bailey, Richard R., II, 795 Bartow, John H., I, 453 Bailey, William C., II, 610 Bass, J. W., I, 111 Bailey, William T., II, 594, 795 Bassett Township. II, 668, 725 Bakalya, George, I, 336 Bassett, William, I, 352, 356, 374 Baker, Benjamin E., III, 1050 Batchelder, B. W., II, 545 Baker, Daniel A., I, 69, 72 Bates, A. C., I, 451 Baker, D. A. J., I, 68, 73, 84, 87 Bates, F. A., I, 449 Baker, Ed., I, 112 Bates, Stuart, II, 593 Baker, James H., I, 270; II, 614 Bates, William E., III, 1035 . Baker, John H., I, 68 Bawden, Albert J., III. 1114 Bale, James, I, 375 Baxter, Charles, III, 1003 Baldwin, M. R., II, 580 Bayha, Fred, II, 901 Balkan School, Chisholm, I, 510 Bayless, S. L., I. 252 Balkan Township, Mineral Wealth of, Bayliss, Willard, III, 1095 I, 496; organization of, 508; schools, Bay View Hotel, I, 190 510, II, 667, 731 Beardsley, A. 0., II, 544 Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Com- Bearinger, Isaac, I, 369 pany, I, 263 Bear River Journal, II, 721 Bangor Mine, I, 452 ; II, 737 Beatty, Noble A., II, 669 Bank of Biwabik, I, 442 Beatty township, II, 669 Bank of Commerce and Savings, Du- Beaver, Illustration, I, 8 luth, I, 308 Beaver Bay, I, 92, 94, 122, 135, 137 Bank of Ely, I, 387 Beck, J. A., I, 428; II, 717 Bank of Hibbing, II, 557, 563 Becker, George L., I, 72 Bank of West Duluth, I, 308 Becks, Joseph, III, 1007 Banks and Banking: First Duluth Belanger, Adolf, I, 499 Banks and Bankers, I, 185; the Jay Belgrade (Kellogg) Mine, I, 453 Cooke Bank, 187; Duluth's pioneer banks; 227: banks of Duluth Village, Bell, Henry H., I, 95, 280 261; in Duluth (1887-1920), 308; Bell, J. B., I, 112 Duluth banks (1880-1919), 331; Du- Bellville (Lakeside), I, 92, 121 luth Clearing House Association, 308; Bench and Bar : First session of court banks of Tower. 378; banks of Ely, in St. Louis County, I, 145; first Du- 387; Gilbert banks, 465; Buhl banks, luth lawyer and first lawsuit, 145; 475; Aurora banks, 490; Eveleth first journal of District Court, 148; banks, II, 526; Hibbing banks, 557. judicial districts organized, 217; St. 563; banks of Virginia, 597, 598; Cook Louis County bar 0869), 220 banks, 721. Beneteau, P., I, 257 Baranowski, Frank J., III, 1139 Bennett Park, Hibbing, II, 561; Illus- Barber, Max H., III, 1004 tration, 566 INDEX ix
Bennett Reserve, I, 485 Borgen, H. H., III, 1192 Bennett, R. M., I, 452, 486; II, 539, 727 Borgen, Walter H., III, 1120 Berdie, Robert F., II, 553, 554 Borup, Trader, I, 64 Berg, Emil, I, 435 Bostwick (Borthwick), Adam, I, 133 Bergeron, Alphonse L., III, 1075 Bostwick (Borthwick), R. C., I, 133 Bergeron, Edmond A., II, 932 Bothwick, Robert, I, 87, 88 Bergeson, Jay 0., II, 782 Boutwell, W. H., I, 49, 50 (biog.) Berglund, Abraham, I, 411 Boutwell's Mountain, I, 50 Berglund, Oscar A., II, 780 Bowe-Burke Mining Company, L-453 Bergman, John II, 556 Boyd, John D., I, 277 Bergquist, Andrew, II, 787 Brackett, Alfred B., II, 615 Berkelman, Louis, I, 224 Brackett's Battalion Cavalry, Civil War, Berkman, Carl E., II, 852 II, 615 Berkman, Millie, ,II, 853 Braden, W. W., I, 417 Berwind Fuel Company, I, 319 Bradley, Edward L.. I. 280; II, 789 Bessemer Mine, II, 580 Bradley, Henry M., I. 369; II, 789 Bessemer Steamship Company, I, 411 Bradford Mining Company,' I, 498 Bi-aus-wah, I, 3 Bradshaw, Peter E., Sr., I, 106 Bickford, Albert E., II, 590; III, 1080 Bradshaw, Peter E., I, 305 Big Rice Lake, II, 725 Bradt, Eugene F., III, 1188 Billheimer, J. B., I, 251 Brady, Thomas F., III, 1127 Billings Mine, I, 497 Bragg, B., I, 481 • Billson, W. W., I, 210, 220, 252 Bray, Charles W., I, .443; III, 938 Binney, Joseph, III, 1158 Breakwater and Canal, Duluth, I, 188 Birch (Mrs.), W. S., I, 298 Breitung, Edward N., I, 360 Bishoff, J. F., Jr., I, 305 Breitung Township, II, 671 Bishoff, J. F., Sr., I, 305 Brennan, C., I, 3-59 Biwabik, I, 180, 435, 436, 437, 438. 439; Brennick, John, I, 423 Main Street (Illustration), 442 Brewer, F. A.. II, 892 Biwabik Bessemer Company, I, 447 Bridge, J. H., I, 409 Biwabik High School, I, 442 Bridgeman, Henry, II, 874 Biwabik Hospital (Illustration), I, 440 Bridgeman Russell Company, II, 874 Biwabik Iron Company, I, 446 Bright, M. S., I, 123 Biwabik Mine, I, 398, 415, 419, 431, 436, Brooks, F. E.. I. 324 443, 414, 447; II, 577, 714 Brooks, Gordon. II, 831 Biwabik Mining Company, I. 449 Brookston, Village of, II, 677 Biwabik Mountain Iron Company, I, Brown, A. C., I, 305 445, 447, 449 Brown, B. D., I, 279 Biwabik Ore Company: First steam Brown, Charles. I. 424 shovel on Mesaba Iron Range, I, 446, Brown, Edgar, I, 282, 450 447 Brown, Edwin H., I, 149- Biwabik Park (Illustration). I. 439 Brown, George S., I. 423 "Biwabik Times," I, 443 Brown, Harvey H., I, 274 Biwabik Township, I. 431: II, 670 Brown, J. E., I, 104 Bjorge, Oscar B., III, 1054 Brown, John G., I, 369, 375 Black, David R., III, 979 Brown, John M., I, 391 ; II, 888 Black, Henry, I, 363 Brown, Samuel V., I, 383 Blacklock, Samuel S., III, 1202 Brown, Walter B.. I. 508; II, 839 Blackmarr, H. M., II, 766 Brown, William G., III, 1064 Blackwood, George C., II, 685 Brown, Zachary, I, 95, 202 Blais, Joe. I. 92 Brown, Z. J., I, 100, 104, 133, 356 Blanchard, D. S., I, 270 Brownell, Leslie M., III, 934 Blanchard, Horace N., I. 375 Brownell, Phineas T., I, 391; III, 934 Blewett, Al, II, 798 Brunson. Benjamin W., reaches Supe- Bliss, Aaron T., II, -540 rior (1854), I, 72 Bliss. Lafayette, III, 1223 Bronson, Charles A., I, 338 Blizzard of 1892, I, 296 Brozich, George L., I, 385, 387, 389 ; II, Bloomer, E. M., I, 204 976 Blough, Clyde, III, 1113 Brozich. John C., II, 858 Bobleter. Joseph, II, 622 Bruce, Robert-S. D.. I, 202 Bodas, Herman, I, 461 Boeling, William, I, 267, 496 Brula, Joseph, I. 458 Hogan, R. L., II, 567 Brute, Etienne, I, 5 Bohn, William, I, 481 Brule River (1660), I. 11 Boldine, Matt, I, 391 Brunson, Alfred, I, 72 Bolton, F. E., I, 324 Brunson, Benjamin W., I, 64, 72, 80 Bonham, W. G., I, 375, 383 Brunt Mine, II. 716 Bonino, S. T., I, 458 Bryant School, Duluth, I, 337 Booth, Edward, C., III. 1180 Bryce. George, I, 40 x INDEX
Buboltz, August, II, 683 Canadian Pacific Railroad Company, I, Buchanan, I, 92, 113, 122, 135; Land 251 office opened at, 93, 121; land office Canal through Minnesota Point, Duluth, removed to .Portland (1859), I, 152 I, 193, 196 Buchanan, James, L 88 Canisteo mine, I, 415 Buck, George W., I, 296, 467; II, 586 Canosia Township, II, 672, 673, 689 Buckingham, F. A., I, 82, 91, 132, 139 Cant, Kenneth S., II, 860 Budd, J. D., II, 622 Canton Company, I, 446 Buffalo and Susquehanna Iron Company, Canton mine, I, 449 II, 547 Canute, Frank W., III, 1165 Buh, Joseph F., I, 391 Carbic Manufacturing Company, I, 316 Buhl, Frank H., I, 471 Carey, I, 162 Buhl, I, 180, 471, 479; its original timber Carey, John R., I, 99 (biography), 221, growth (Illustration), 472; war work, 236, 305, 306 475; ordinances and mayors, 478; Carey, E. W., II, 721 population, II, 692 Carey, Richard E., I, 305 Buhl Schools, I, 481, 482, 484 Cargill, James W., II, 837 Buhl Advertiser, I, 467 Carhart, C. W., III, 1116 Buhl Group of Mines, I, 475; II, 691 Carlin, A. J., I, 414; II, 579 Buhl Public Library, III, 1228 Carlin, William, II, 718 Bullard Knitting Company, I, 317 Carlson, C. G., I, 381; III, 937 Bullen, Frank W., III, 1146 Carlson, Edward, I, 428 Bullen, Joseph, I, 69 Carlson, Gust, I, 507; II, 564, 769 Bullen, Joseph Addison, I, 67, 87 Carlson, J. H., II, 556 Bungo, Stephen, I, 88 Carlson, John N., III, 1156 Bunnell Block fire, I, 295 Carlton, Reuben B., I, 55, 56, 89, 105, Burg, Edward F., II, 905 131, 135, 162, 163 Burgess, William M., II, 802 Carlton, Webb, I, 56 Burgher, William E., II, 793 Carlton (R. B.) Company, I, 86, 112 Burk, Henry S., I, 100 Carlton County, I, 153 Burke, Stevenson, II, 547 Carlton Township, I, 145 Burke, W. S., I; 133 Carman, A. B., I, 430 Burlington, I, 112 Carmichael, Percy, III, 1154 Burlington Bay, I, 92, 123 Carmichael,,William, I, 450, 453 Burman, C. L., III, 964 Carnegie, Andrew, I, 410 Burns, Ernest E., II, 843 Carnegie Dock and Fuel Company, I, Burrell, Frank E., II, 851 319 Burrows, GeOrge L., II, 541 Carpenter Hospital, Ely, I, 385 Burt, Wellington R., I, 496; II, 541 Carp River Township, I, 145 Burt, William, I, 123 Carrol. II, 726 Burt mine, I, 415 Carroll, John W., I, 458 Burt No. 5, Reserve, I, 496 Carroll, M., I, 252 Burt-Poole mine, II, 541 Carson, G. H., II, 827 Bush, Millard R., III, `)86 Carson, W. C., I, 324 Bushnell, D. P., I, 54 Carteret. George, I, 16 Butchart, George N., III, 1057 Casey, Edmund I., III, 1195 Butcher, E. W. R., III, 1076 Cash, Daniel G., I, 220. Butler, James D., I, 321 Cash, D. S., I, 60, 61, 162 Builer, John, III, 1009 Cash, Frederick H., Jr., III, 1234 Butler Brothers, I, 478 Cass mine, I, 450 Buyck, Charles, II, 722 Buyck Township, II, 722 Castigliano, Attilio, II, 876 Byers, A. M., I, 447 Cathedral School (Catholic), Duluth, I, Bystrom, Andrew, I, 376 339 Bystrom, Gus, I, 376 Catholicism at Fond du Lac (1830), I, 53 Cadotte, Augustus, I, 88 Catler,_ J., 1, 359 Cadotte, Benjamin, I, 68. 88, 359 Cavan, David B., III, 1157 Cadotte, Jean Baptiste, I, 41, 4Z Cavour mine, I, 477 Caine, D. F., I, 458 Cavour Mining Company, I, 477 Caine, D. T., I, 458, 459 Cecilian Society, Duluth, I, 284 Caldwell, Frank, II, 533 Cedar Valley Township, II, 673 Calvary Cemetery, I, 326 Census of 1857, I, 135; 1860 and 1880, Camp, Asa. E., I, 383, 389 153 Cameron, William B., I, 437, 438 Central Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Campbell, James S., I, 223, 224 Central High School, Duluth, I, 337 Camp Ramsey, Spanish American War, Central Park, Eleveth (illustration), II, II, 622 530 INDEX xi
Central School, Ely, I, 389; Chisholm, of Duluth, 208; first Catholic church 509; Virginia, II, 605 and Baptist church of Duluth, 210; Chalk, Michael F., II, 890 Lutheran church, Duluth, 213; Duluth Chamber of Commerce, Duluth, I, 226 (1870), 206-213; Duluth (1886), 264; Chamberlain, Paul F., II, 778 First of Ely, 385; Mountain Iron Vil- Chambers, M. E., I, 237 lage, I, 427; of Gilbert, 461; of Eve- Champa, Louis, I, 489 leth, II, 528; of Hibbing, II, 564, 594 Champlain, Samuel, de, I, 5 Cincinnati mine, I, 431 Chandler mine, I, 366, 367 Citizens Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Chapin, H. L., I, 423; II, 551 Citizen's Dock, I, 193 Chapin-Wells Hardware Company, I, Citizens State Bank, Duluth, I, 310 324 City Gun Store, III, 1111 Chapman, Simcoe, I, 467 City National Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Charnley, James, I, 452 Civil War oeriod, I, 161, 162; First Min- Chase, Albert S., I, 204, 252 nesota Infantry, II, 612; Second Min- Chase, K. D., I, 286, 445; II, 577 nesota Infantry, 612; Third Minne- Chase Brothers, II, 727 sota Infantry, 612; Fourth 'Minnesota Chebul John, I, 210 Infantry, 612 ; Fifth Minnesota In- Cheeseborough, George L., II, 511 fantry, 613; Sixth Minnesota Infantry, Chequamegon Bay, I, 7, 8 613 ; Seventh Minnesota Infantry, 613 ; Cherry, Charles H., III, 1217 Eighth Minnesota Infantry, 614; Ninth Chester, Albert H., I, 349, 351, 356 Minnesota Infantry, 614; Tenth Min- Chester, Charles, I, 130, 133 nesota Infantry, II, 614; Eleventh Chester Expedition of 1875, I, 351, 394; Minnesota Infantry, 614; First Regi- of 1880, 355-58 ment Heavy Artillery, 614; First Chester Park, Duluth (illustration), I, Mounted Rangers, 615; Second Com- 128 pany, Sharpshooters, 615; Brackett's Chestnut Street, Virginia, 1909 (illustra- Battallion Cavalry, 615; Hatch's Bat- tion), II, 597 talion. Cavalry. 615; St. Louis County Chicago Iron Company, I, 450 in, 608-621; Dailey's (Asa) List of Chicago mine, I, 450 St. Louis County soldiers, 616-621; Chicago Minnesota. Ore Company, II, G. A. R. posts of St. Louis County, 513 ' II, 621, 622 Chichester, Robert, I, 270 Claim Jumping, I, 77, 80 Cincinnati Iron Company, I, 449 Clam-shell grab system of mining, I, 451 Chief Buffalo, I, 61, 62 Clapperton, J. 0., II, 681 Chief Buffalo special reservation, I, 61 Clark, C. E., I. 106, 112, 123, 131 Chinn, Henry, I, 385, 386, 391; II, 902 Clark, Simon, III, 1116 Chiodi, James, II, 732 Clark, Thomas, I, 84, 86,.87, 107, 112, Chippewa Iron Company, I, 365 124, 164, 167, 345 Chisholm, A. M., I, 496, 507.; II, 545, Clark, E. W., and Company, I, 187 546, 563, 564 Clark House, I, 185, 187, 238 Chisholm Community Building, I, 506 Clarke, E. W., and Company, I, 227 Chisholm group: ore shipments of, 1919, Clapp, Moses, I, 285 I, 497 Clarkson Coal and Dock Company, I, Chisholm Herald, I, 508 319 Chisholm High School, I, 509 Claypool. Charles H., III, 1181 Chisholm High School Building (illus- Clearing House Association, I, 308 tration), I, 507 Clemens, Jack, I," 131 Chisholm Improvement Company, I, 498, Cleveland, Henry. I. 271, 307 508 Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, I, 415, Chisholm Municipal Hospital, I, 509 478 ; II, 549 Chisholm newspapers, I, 508 Clifton, I, 92, 97, 122 Chisholm Public Library, I, 505 Clinton Township, II, 674 Chisholm State Bank, I, 507 Cloquet mine, II, 513, 515 "Chisholm Tribune Herald, I, 508 Close, R. T.. I, 324 Chisholm Village, I, 496, 497, 498, 499, Clough, D. M., II, 622 500 Cloutier, Edward C., III, 994 Churches and lodges, I, 506; II, 668 Clyde Iron Works, I, 316 Christensen, Linn R., I, 443, 490; III, Coal receipts (1880-1920), I; 332 1235 Coal trade at Duluth. I. 318 Christensen-Mendenhall-Graham Com- Cobb, Edwin R.. I, 307 pany, I, 317, 324 Coburn, R. G., I, 106, 171 Christopherson, Joseph, II, 819 Cockhen, H., I, 428 ' Chruden, R. J., II, 923 Cochran, E. L., II, 547 Church, B. C., I, 268, 269 Coe, E. K., III, 1059 Churches: Affected by hard times of Coffery, Bart, I, 391 1857-61, I, 142; Bishop Whipple visits Coffery, Guy. I, 391 Duluth (1861), I, 157; M. E. Society Coffery, Mary, I, 391 xii INDEX
Coffey, Barth, I, 387 Costin, John, II, 833 Coffey, Bartholomew D., III, 1198 Costin Village, II, 716 Coffey, L. B., I, 140 Cotton, Joseph B., I, 404 Coffey's Landing, I, 140 Cotton Township, II, 675, 694 Coffin, L. C., III, 967 County Assessments : In early 60's and Cohoe, Frank H., III; 979 in 1920, I, 149, 150 Cohoe, John G., II, 575 Cowan, Frank L., I, 387; III, 1227 Cokefair, C. C., I, 301 Cowell, W. G., I, 113, 162 Cokefair, Frank A., I, 301 Cowles, William G., I, 122 Cole, Thomas F., I, 301, 415 Cox, Frank, II, 582, 586 Coleman, H. J., II, 527 Cox, I. G., I, 386, 391 Colgrove, P. P., II, 606 Craig, D. A., I, 467 Collins, David T., III, 1014 Cram, Ed., I, 386 Collins, Edwin J., III, 1172 Crane Ordway Company, I, 438 Colman, C. F., I, 338 Crassweller, F., I, 338 Columbia mine, II, 585 Crisis Commercial of 1857, I, 135, 137, Colville, William, II, 614 139 Colvin, Frank S., I, 435, 436, 437; II, 885 Crist, Henry C., I, 209 Colvin, Norris J., I, 467; III, 1162 Crockett's Opera House, Virginia, II, Colvin Township, II, 675 589 Commercial Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Cronberg, Gust, I, 471, 472, 475, 481; Commercial Club, Ely, I, 387 III, 1072 Commercial Club, Gilbert, I, 467 Crooks, Hester (Mrs. W. H. Boutwell), Commission form of government, Du- I, 51 luth, I, 303 Crosby, George H., I, 477 Commodore mine, II, 575, 579, 580 Crosier's Point, I, 140 Companies A, C and E, Third Minne- Crowell, J. A., I, 450 sota Infantry, World War, II, 627 Croxton mine, I, 477 Comstock, Albert H., I, 324; II, 874 Cruttenden, I, 65 Conan, W. J. I, 365, 367 Culbertson, A. L., I, 243 Conant, C. A., I, 213 Culbertson, L. L., III, 1203 Congdon, Chester A., III, 1187 Culkin, W. E., I, 10, 13, 341 Congdon, Edward C., III, 1186 Cullum, M. B., I, 303 Congdon, Thomas C., II, 567; III, 1133 Cullyford, Thomas, I, 239, 295; II, 666 Congdon, W. H.,I, 301, 376 Culver, C. W., I, 257, 258 Congdon Park 1lustration), I, 147 Culver, Joshua B., I, 56, 73, 97, 99, 104, Conklin, Bert M., III, 1010 114, 117, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 146, Connor, B. H., I, 60 160, 169, 193, 198, 199, 200, 207, 223, Conner, John B., II, 551 227, 231, 239, 242, 254, 330, 336, 345; Conner, Patrick, I, 45 II, 610 Conner, Thomas J., I, 460 Culver mine, I, 477 Conner's Point, I, 2, 45 Culver reserve, I, 477 Conner's Slough, I, 140 Culver Township, II, 676 Considine, Thomas, I, 296 ; II, 768 Cummings, C. R., I, 263 Consolidated Vermilion mine, I, 365 Cummings, J. A. I, 326 Cook, B. J., II, 918 Cuppernull, David E., II, 602 Cook, M. E., II, 586 Curley, William P.. III, 1231 Cook, W. H., II, 746 Curran John, III, 1148 Cook Newsboy, II, 721 Currier, David A., I, 112, 123 Cushing, T., I, 359 Cook \Tillage, II, 720 Cushman, C. M., I, 226 Cooke, Jay, I, 164; memorial, Duluth, Cuyuna Iron Range, I, 329, 415 283, 393 Cyprus mine, II, 545 Coole, R. j., I, 338 Cooley, Jerome E., I, 193, 234 Dacey, Francis J., III, 1038 Coons, Emanuel W., III, 1192 Dacey, James F., III, 1037 Copway, George, I, 55 Dahl, Andrew, II, 811 Corcoran, W. W., I, 67, 72 Dahl, Edward A., II, 781 Corey, Clark F., III, 1011 Dahl, Geneva. II. 782 Cormack, James R., I, 385 Dahl, Sigvert S., II, 812 Corrigan, James, II, 579 Dahlgren, Calvin A., II, 895 Corrigan McKinney and Company, II, Daigle, John, II, 556 547, 579 Dailey. Asa (death of), II, 615, 616; III, 1106 Cory, Timothy P., III, 1200 Dailey, Frank A., I, 442 Corsica mine, I, 454, 469 Daily Herald, Duluth, I, 228 Corson, Carroll, I, 437 Daily Virginian, II. 602 Cosgrove; Peter, I, 459 • Dalrymple, Oliver, I, 192, 248 Costin, John, Jr., II, 716 Dane. Frank S., II, 910 INDEX xiii
Daniels, Jeff, I, 203 Dowling, P. E., II, 521, 531 Danielson, C. W., I, 476 Downing, Frank E., III, 1148 Darling, John H., I, 264, 319, 322 Dowse, Thomas, I, 211 Darling, P. E., I, 467 Drew, John, I, 245, 251 Davey, Thomas H., III, 1214 Droz, Louis, I, 305 Davey, William J., III, 1216 D. & I. R. Railroad Grant, I, 359 David, Leonard C., I, 454; III, 1159 D. M. and N. R R. Company ore docks Davidson, A. D., II, 563 illustration), I, 286; equipment of, Davies, J. E., II, 584 2(89 Davis, Charles H., II, 727 Duff, John, I, 428 Davis, J. E., II, 760 Duff, S. K., I, 277 Davis, M. J., I, 273, 303 Duffield E. T., II, 606 Davis, William W., I, 235, 249, 254 Duggan, W. D., I, 444 d'Autremont, C., I, 303 Duluth, Daniel de Gresolon (Sieur), I, D'Autremont, Hubert H., II, 856 20-37 Day, John, II, 550 Duluth: district of, I, 247, 249, 251 Day, William H., III, 945 Duluth Canal through Minnesota Point, Day Mine, II, 544 I, 193, 196 Dayton, Lyman, I, 167 Duluth (City), Duluth lands on site of Dean, Dennis, I, 87 (1679), I, 26, 28; first settler of, 64; Dean, Peter, I, 245, 251 settlers of, 1853-54, 73; planning of, Dean Mine, I, 477 92; original townsite platted, 94, 97; Decker, Benjamin, I, 200 migration to, begins (1854-55), 95; Decker, Charles, II, 768 first frame hotel at, 95; surveyed, 112; Decker, Nicholas, I, 200 first house built in, 113, 117; name Decker's (Nicholas) Brewery, I, 152, suggested by Rev. Joseph G. Wilson, 190 114, 115, 116; illustrations, 116, 170, Deetz, August W., II, 861 227, 262; organized as a village, 114; De Gresolon, Daniel, Sieur Duluth, I, first temperance society of, 126; in 20-37 1856-60, 129; first frame house in, De la Tourette, Gresolon, I, Z2, 23 130, 133; incorporated as a town Demel, Frank J., Sr., III, 1062 (1857), 132; in June, 1857, 133; a Demel. Mayme, I, 475 postoffice address (1857), I, 134; pop- Deming, Isabelle C., I, 338 ulation in 1857, 135; first court in, 145; Denfield, R. E., I, 337 first lawyer and first lawsuit, 146; first Denton, D. T., II, 535 wedding in, 148; first public school Derido, A., "I, 428 .for school district No. 5, 153; Ma- Dessau, E., II, 547 sonry born in, 153 Detention Municipal Hospital, Hibbing, Duluth in 1861, 156; Bishop Whipple II, 564 visits (1861), 157; first postmasters, Detroit Iron Company, I, 467 160; in 1865, 162; becomes terminus Detroit post erected by Duluth, I, 34 of Lake Superior arid Mississippi DeVoist, Peter L., III, 952 River Railroad, 167; construction of Diamond Calk Horse Shoe Company, canal at, I, 169 ; permanent growth I, 316 commences (1867-68), 169; in 1869, Dickson, Robert, I, 43 175 Didlake. George W., I, 146 Duluth of today, 181, 182; in 1870 Diehl, Alfred S., III, 953 (Poirier), 183; pioneer banks and Dimatteo, Alfred, II. 732 bankers, 185; baptized as "The Zenith • Dinham township, II, 677 City of the Unsalted Seas," I, 187; Dinsmore, J. A., I, 385 outside dock of (1869), 187; the District Court House. Hibbing, II. 567 pioneer school of, 187; breakwater Dobie Brothers, I, 385 and canal, 188; Superior Street in Docks (1870-1920), I, 332 1869-70, 188; industries of 1869, 190; Dodge, A. P., I, 436 Young Ladies' Seminary of, 190; de- -Doerr, Henry C., I, 490; II, 825 velopments of 1870-71, 191 ; floating Dohm, John W., III, 1147 islands in harbor, 191; elevators and Doliber, C. A., I. 481 docks of early period, 192, 193; first Donahue, E. J. W., II, 817 city election, 199; first city admin- Donald, A. H.. II, 763 istration and original city. boundaries, Donaldson, Ben., I, 88 200; first police department of, 202; DoneIly, Thomas, I, 432 organized fire protection, I, 203, 204; Donora Mines, I, 485 205; churches of; 1870. 206. 213; Dore, H., I, 359 pioneer schools of, 216,; first Masonic Dormer, George H., III: 1056 hall in, 222; pioneer banks of, 227; Dorr, T. E., I, 467 pioneer newspapers of, 228, 233; in Doty County, I, 100 1870 (Cooley), 235; first elevator on Doucher, F. E., II, 556 the bay front, 236; pioneer hospital, Douglas, H. A., I, 252 237; first blast furnace in, 237; its xiv INDEX
early mayors, 239; franchise for street Duluth Historical and Scientific Asso- • railway granted, 242; gloomy times ciation, I, 307 of 1873-78, 243; in 1876 (Hugo), I, Duluth Hose Company, No. 1, I, 205, 246; elevators (1877), 248; finances 238, 247, 264 of (1877) and village charter ob- Duluth Iron and Metal Company, III, tained, 249; boundaries extended and 1143 street railway franchise accepted Duluth Iron and Steel Company, I, 237 (1881), 252; Chamber of Commerce, Duluth Loan and Trust Company, I, 253; gas and water franchises granted, 308 253; grain receipts in 1871-86, 254; Duluth Mining and Investment Com- 255; elevator development to 1886, pany, II, 520 255; commerce and trade, 255-257; an Duluth, Missabe and Northern Railway iron manufacturing point, 258; census Company, I, 277, 278, 286, 287, 395, statistics of village, 259; its shipping 399, 400, 401, 404, 407; II, 542, 588, 727 and railroads, 261; last mayors of the Duluth National Bank, I, 309 village, 263; first passenger train into, Duluth News Tribune, III, 991 263; first regular' fire department, Duluth Ore Company, I, 450 264; electric lighting introduced to, Duluth Postoffice or Federal Building, 2642 reinstated as a city (1887), 265; ' I, 296 municipal and general history (1887- Duluth Produce Exchange, I, 256 90), 266-274; flour mills (1886-1895), Duluth Public Library, I, 251 268-269; public grounds, 271; Davis Duluth, Rainy Lake and Winnipeg Rail- and Hugo in control (1890), 273; vil- road, II, 594, 697 lage absorbed, 274, 275, 277, 282; Duluth Savings Bank, I, 309 booster trips for, 284; ore docks of Duluth School District, I, 336, 337 today, 288; as a mining center (1890- Duluth State Bank, I, 310 93), 293; fires of early '90s, 294, 295; Duluth Street Railway Company, I, 253 mayors, 1887-1920, 303; about 1900 Duluth-Superior Harbor: great com- (Illustration), 302; in 1900, 304; as merce of, I, 177; coal docks, 319; sta- an iron and steel manufacturing cen- tistics of (1880-1920), 332 ter, 310; first ingots made at, 314; first Duluth Telephone Exchange Company, car of Duluth steel shipped, 314; mis- I, 257 cellaneous manufactures, 316; coal Duluth Tribune, I, 230 trade at, 318; wholesale houses of, Duluth township, I, 145; II, 678, 696 323; hospitals, homes and dispensaries, Duluth Universal Milling Company, I, 325; secret and fraternal bodies, 327; 316 churches, associations and clubs, 328; Duncan, Charles, A., I, 301 lumber trade passes from, 3N; street Duncan, D. A., I, 271 car service extended, 329; fiftieth Duncan, Kenneth, I, 369; II, 917 municipal anniversary, 330; thirty Dundas, W. G., I. 434 years' growth in figures, 331; popula- D'Unger, Robert, 1, 228, 229 tion and property valuation of (1880- Dunleavy, A., I, 277 1919), 331; municipal improvemehts Dunning, Ernest B., II, 7M and merchandise of, 332; commerce Dunning, M. A., I, 324 (1886 and 1920), 332; in 1865 Dunphy, John, I, 130, 133, 151, 209, 305 (Carey), 347 Dunwoody, I, 496 Duluth Armory (illustration), II, 623 Dunwoody Mine, I, 497 Duluth before canal was cut (Illustra- Dwyer, William J., III, 1196 tion), I, 120 Dyer, Albert E., II, 915 Duluth and Iron Range Railroad, I, 258, Dyke built across Superior Bay, I, 196 286, 350, 359, 360, 362, 393, 395, 399, 435 ; II, 702, 706, 727 Eames, Henry H., I, 163, 347, 350, 393 Duluth and Winnipeg Railroad, I, 250, 251, 360, 399 East Fond du Lac, II, 707 Duluth (Berringer) Mine, I. 450 Easton, W. H., II, 595 Duluth Bethel Society, I, 216 Eaton, Frank W., I, 252, 396 Duluth Board of Education, I, 338 Eaton, Hiram J., II, 853 Duluth Board of Trade, I, 254 Eaton, P., I, 359 Duluth Boat Club, I, 265 Eaton, W. J., II, 533 Duluth Boiler Works, I, 316 Eaton Mine, I, 477 Duluth City Hall, construction of, I, Eaton Mining Company, I, 477 269 Ebmer, E., I, 252 Duluth Commercial Club. I, 316 Eby, John A., I, 380 Duluth Gas and Water Company, I, 201 Eckman, S. W., II, 582, 586 Duluth Harbor, history of, by Ensign, Education: School districts first or- I, 194, 264, 267 ganized, I, 145; first public school for Duluth Herald, I, 232 Duluth School District No. 5; 153; Duluth High School, I, 337 Pioneer Schools of Duluth, 187, INDEX xv
216; first high school and graded Ellis, Andrew J., I, 146 schools, 217; schools of Duluth Ellis, J. B., I, 104, 113 (1886), 265; "Gary System" at Mor- Ellsburg township, II, 679, 701 gan Park, 312; school statistics (1880- Ely, I, 180; city of, 381; townsite of, 1919), 331; schools of Duluth and St. 382; its mayors, 385; first churches of, Louis County, 334-349; school history 385; first merchants of, 385; its city of- Tower, 380; matters at Mountain departments, 385; banks of, 387; popu- Iron, 428, 429; schools of Leonidas, lation, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1920, 390 Parkville and Virginia, 430; School Ely, Arthur, I, 382 District No. 24, 442; Independent Ely, Edmund F., I, 12; biography of, School District No. 18, 461, 462, 463, 51, 55, 65, 75, 78; his diary, 77, 78, 79, 465; Independent,School District No. 94, 95, 98, 106, 111, 112, 125, 132, 134, 35, 481, 483, 484; School District No. 143, 144, 194, 341, 391 13, 490-494; Chisholm Schools, 509; Ely, Franklin W., I, 222, 223, 226 Independent School District No. 40, Ely, Samuel P., I, 382, 391 510; Eveleth Schools, II, 533; Inde- Ely Commercial Club, I, 387 pendent School District No. 39 (Eve- Ely Group of Mines, I, 365 leth), 535, 536; Hibbing Schools, 570; Ely Iron Home, I, 381, 383, 387 Independent School District No. 27, Ely Lake, I, 467 Hibbing, 571; first Virginia school, Ely Miner, I, 381, 387 589; Independent School District No. Ely town, I, 367 22, Virginia, 603, 607; school District Ely village, II, 711 No. 33, 662; Bassett township, 669; Embarrass township, II, 680, 735 School District No. 41, 670; Canosia Emberg, Oscar, I, 461 . township, 673; Cedar Valley town- Emerson School, Duluth, I, 337 ship, 673; Ellsburg township, 679; Emmons, E. J., I, 382 Floodwood township, 686; Fredenberg Empie, William M.,. II, 593, 831 and French townships, 688; Great Endion, I, 92, 94; platted, 113, 119, 120, Scott township, 690; Hermann town- 122, 125 ship, 693; Toivola township, 695; Endion School, Duluth, I, 337 Leiding township, 699; McDavitt and Englishby, Thomas, I, 359 Meadowlands townships, 701; Fond Ensign, J. D., I, 193, 194, 195, 201, 218, du Lac township, 707; Missabe Moun- 220, 227, 236, 249, 252, 263, 343 tain township, 708; Morcom township, Ensign School, Duluth, I, 337 710; Winton village, 711; Rice Lake township, 724 Epley, William, I, 119, 122, 123, 129, Edwards, B. F., I, 267 148, 151, 152, 154 Edwards, Ed., I, 391 Erchul, Anton, I, 460 Edwards, F. E., I, 475 Erickson, David J., II, 766 Egan, James J., I, 171, 194, 198, 200, 220, Erickson, James, II, 693 228 Erickson, John P., I, 387 Egge, Arthur L., II, 564; III, 1140 Erickson, Oscar, I, 443, 481 Eighth' Minnesota Infantry, Civil War, Erickson, Peter, I, 360, 430; II, 719 II, 614 Eshquagama Lake, I, 467 Eiler, A. W., III, 936 Eskola, Ed., I, 481 Eilertson, E. P., I, 428 Essling, Victor E., II, 524; III, 1170 Eisenach, Louis, I, 385 Esterly, E. Eugene, II, 916 Eklund, Arthur, II, 872 Esterly, Roland W., II, 822 Eklund, Gust, I, 461 Eveleth, I, 180; II, 528 Eklund, John, I, 428 Eveleth Auditorium, II, 524 Eklund, John J., III, 1229 Eveleth Carnegie Public Library, II, Eklund, W. J., I, 338 527 Ekstrom, Edwin C., III, 1121 Eveleth cemetery, II, 533 Elba Iron Company, I, 469 Eveleth city: incorporation of, and Elba-LaBelle Mine, I, 469 mayors, II, 524; ttansportation, 526 .Elba Mine, I, 469 Eveleth City Hall, II, 524 (illustration), Elba No. 1 and No. 2 Reserve, I, 469 525 Elder, Martha R. (Mrs. John M. Bar- Eveleth Commercial Club, II, 531 netf), I, 98 Eveleth District Schools (illustration), Election of 1858, I, 151 II, 532 Elevators and docks of early period, Eveleth Group of Mines, II, 511, 513 Duluth, I, 192, 193 Eveleth Independent School District No. Elevators and Grain Statistics (1880- 39, II, 708 1919), I, 331 Eveleth Masonic Temple, II, 525, 710 Elk Lake (Itasca), I, 49 Eveleth Mine (illustratipn), II, 516 Ellefson, A. D., I, 386 Eveleth News, II, 531 Elliott, Henry, I, 109 Eveleth Printing and Publishing Com- Elliott, Joseph, II, 517 pany, II, 531 Elliott, Mark, II, 582, 814 Eveleth Recreation Building, II, 525 xvi INDEX
Eveleth Village, II, 511, 512, 513, 514, Fine Lakes township, II, 684, 723 515; named and incorporated, 517; Fink, M., I, 252 first school and first church, 520; mov- Finlayson, G. A. E., II, 753 ing of, 522; presidents of, 524 Finlayson and Company, II, 588 Evening Tribune, Duluth, I, 232 Finnish Daily Publishing Co., III, 1098 Evered, Anna, II, 744 Firkins, Chester, I, 36 Evered, J. A., II, 744 Firoved, C. G., I, 338 Evered, Walter M., II, 744 FIRST EVENTS AND INSTITUTIONS Everett, Charles E., II, 571, 907 First Agricultural Society on North Exchange Bank of Ely I, 387 Shore (Oneota, 1859), I, 142 Eyre, H. L., I, 359 First birth at head of lakes, 76 Firth birth on north shore, 148 Fabish, John G., I, 489 First blast furnace in Duluth, 237 Fabor, Frank, I, 437 First brewery (1859), 152 Fairbairn, C. T., II, 580, 582 First canal, 121 Fairbanks township, II, 681 First Catholic Church of Duluth, 210 Fairmont Park, Duluth (illustration), First Christian wedding at Head of the I, 272 Lake, 50 Fairmont School, Duluth, I, 337 First coal dock, 237 Faith, J. C., I, 465 First county road, 148 Falgren, E. H., II, 757 First courthouse (Luce's warehouse), Fall Lake Village, II, 711, 712 135 Falls City, I, 92 First death at Head of Lakes, 76 Fargo, Harvey, I, 92, 133 First Duluth lawyer, 146 Fargusson, Owen, I, 254 First Duluth steamship line, 242 Farmer, J. C., death of, I, 434 First election on the north shore, 101 Farmers Co-operative Association, First elevator on the bay front, 236 Balkan township, 'I, 509 First English sermon at the Head of Farmers' Day, Aurora, I, 489 the Lakes, 49 Farmers and Merchants State Bank, First exclusive postoffice building, Du- Virginia, II, 598; Cook, 721 luth, 108 Farmstead School, II, 605 First farm at Head of Lakes, 88 Farnand, Hugh A., III, 1145 First frame house in Duluth, 130, 133 Farrell, James, I, 204 First frame school house on north Fassett, Mary C., I, 116 shore, 133 Fawcett, Hugh, III, 948 First grand and petit jury, 145 Fay, M. L., I, 496; II, 545, 584, '585 First house built in Duluth, 117 Fay, William E. (Chisholm), III, 1067 First land entries, 358 Fay, William E. (Proctor), II, 873 First lawsuit, 146 Fay, William E. (Tower), III, 1134 First lawyer in St. Louis county, 218 Fayal Mine, I, 415; II, 515 First liquor license, 145 Fayal No. 1, II, 513 First lumberman in northern Minnesota, Fayal School, Eveleth, II, 535, 536 57 Fayal township, II, 681 First map of Lake Superior (1629), 5 Featherstone, Edward J., II, 676 First marriage license record, 148 Federal Consolidated Mining Company, First Masonic hall, Duluth, 222 I, 452 First Mesabi ore used in Duluth, 293 Federal, Steel Company, I, 412 First military road at Head of Lakes, 88 Federated Trade Council of Duluth, I, First Minnesota Infantry, Civil War, II, 270 612 Feldman, Abe, III, 977 First Mounted Rangers, Civil War, II, Fenske, August, I, 382, 383, 387; III, 615 1208 First National Bank of Duluth, I, 227, Fenstermacher, William W., III, 1109 308-309; Tower, 378; Ely, 387; Biwa- Fern township, II, 683 Fesler, Bert, III, 1128 bik, I, 441; Gilbert, I, 465; Buhl, I, Field, Edwin D., II, 771 475; Aurora, 490; Chisholm, I, 506;' Field, James A., II, 683, 720 Eveleth, II, 526; Virginia, II, 597 Field, John, I, 481 First newspapers at the Head of the Field township, II, 683 Lakes, I, 125 Fifer, Theodore, I, 437, 438 First ore received in Duluth, 288 Fifield, Fred, I, 385 First passenger train into Duluth, 263 Fifteenth Minnesota Infantry Spanish- First pork killed on north shore, 143 American War, II, 623 First postoffice building in Duluth (il- Fifth Council District, I, 104 lustration), 108 Fifth Minnesota Infantry, Civil War, II, First postoffice in St. Louis county 613 (Oneota), 111 Filiatrault, Edward J., II, 774 First railroad survey in northern Wis- Final, H. D., I, 324 consin, 85 INDEX xvii
First Regiment Heavy Artillery, Civil Fond du Lac Township, I, 145; II, 706, War, II, 614 707 First regular steamer from the lower Fond du Lac village, II, 706 lakes to Duluth, 237 Forbes, M. J., I, 255 First religious services at Head of Forbes, Robert, III, 1124 Lake, 98 Ford, Henry C., I, 113 First saw mill at Head of Lakes, 71 Forest fire of 1918, I, 329 First school in St. Louis county Forest Hill Cemetery, I, 326 (Oneota), 111 Forest Mine, II, 545 First schoolhouse built in Duluth (il- Forman Bank, I, 261 lustration), 134 Forster Reserve, I, 497 First sermon preached on north shore, Fort Cadotte, I, 42 118 Fort Henry Mining Company, I, 478 First session of court, 145 Fort La Tourette, I, 34 First settler of Duluth, 64 Forward, R. R., III, 1105 First settler of Superior, 64 Fossum, Andrew, I, 4 First shipment of furs from Lake Su- Foster, Charles, III, 1136 perior, 9 Foster, Thomas, his prophetic speech, I, First State Bank, New Duluth, 310 ; 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 187, Tower, 378; Ely, 387; Gilbert, I, 465; 198, 207, 228, 229, 231, 314; III, 991 Buhl, I, 475; Cook, II, 721 Foster Lumber Company, I, 496 Fourteenth Minnesota Infantry, Span- First steam shovel on Mesabi Iron ish-American War, II, 623 Range, 446 Fourth Minnesota Infantry, Civil War, First steam vessels on Lake Superior, II, 612 321 Fowler, E. F., II, 515 First survey of St. Louis County, 340 Fowler, E. M., II, 511 First telephone exchange in Duluth, 257 Fowler Mine, I, 485 ; II, 737 First temperance society on north shore, Fox, Charles T., I, 383 126 Franck, Samuel, I, 133 First trading post at head of Lake Su- Franklin Iron Company, II, 579, 580 perior, Fond du Lac (1692), 38 Franklin mines, II, 579, 580, 709 First tugboat at Head of Lakes, 171 Franklin School, Duluth, I. 337 First vegetables at Head of Lakes, 88 Franklin Village, II, 708, 709 First wedding in Duluth, 148 Frantz, Isaac, I, 461 First white child born in northern Min- Frantz Mine, I, 477 nesota, 49 Fraser, C. D., II, 577 Fiscketti, Ralph, III, 965 Fratenburgh, I, 359 Fish, J. L. A., I, 210 Fredenberg Township, II, 687 Fisher, C. H. D., I, 211 Fredericksen, Karl, I, 459 Fredin, John F., III, 996 Fitch, E. R., I, 391 Free, Albert, I, 423 Fitzgerald, Francis H., II, 929 Freeman, Dudley W., I, 436, 437, 456; Fitztaff, Bernhardt, I, 359 II, 533 Flaherty, Thomas L., I, 487 Freeman, Edward, I, 505; III, 1185 Flannagan, Thomas A., II, 581; III, Freisburg, 0., I, 391 1194 Fremont Island, I, 121 Fleet, Warner, I, 491 French Township, II, 688 Fleming, G. Lee, II, 921 Frick, Henry C. I, 410 Floodwood Farmers' Co-operative So- Frontenac, I, 23, 24, 31 ciety, II, 687 Fugere, Henry. III. 1012 Floodwood township, II, 685, 686 Fuller, A. W., I, 455 Floodwood village II, 686 Fulton, Charles G., I, 461; III, 1212 Florada, Edward, I, 408, 414, 450; II, Funston, John C., I, 99 575, 576, 577, 579 Furs: First shipment of, from Lake Florence (first Ely postoffice), I, 385 Superior, I, 9 Flynn, Elisha A., II, 516 Flynn, John I, 271 Gabrielson, J. W., I, 507 Foley, James, II, 581 Gafvert, Otto, II, 808 Folsom, Arthur R., III, 997 Gallagher, Mason, I, 205, 207, 208 Fond du Lac (1680-1854), I, 38-56; Gallagher, Michael, I, 276 townsite and incorporators, 56; treaty Galloway, William L., III, 1008 of (1847), 57, 92, 121, 125, 131, 135, Gandsey, James, II, 554 • 140, 141; (1913), 313; (illustration), G. A. R., Duluth, J. B. Culver Post, II, II, 707 622; drum corps (illustration), 620; Fond du Lac bridge, I, 330 posts of St. Louis County, 621, 622 Fond du Lac Indian Reservation, I, 56, Gardner, William, I, 391 61 Garrott, H. C., II, 567 xviii INDEX
Gary, I, 313 Gowan, Andrew, III, 1038 Gary, E. H., I, 294 Gowan-Lenning-Brown Company, I, 324 Gary, Olin J., II, 520 Gowin, F. T., I, 274 Gates, Benjamin, I, 74, 112 Grabowsky, Charles, II, 515; III, 1213 Gates, Frederick T., I, 402, 403, 404, 405, Grace, Edward M., I, 270 406, 407 Grady, C. P., I, 324 Gates, Irvin W., I, 305, 306 Graff, C. H., I, 378 Gatherer, John, I, 92, 122 Graff, E. J., I, 324 Geary, Richard, II, 882 Graff, P. . I, 252 Geggie, James B., I, 395 Graham, Archibald W., III, 1082 Geiger, David, I, 200 Graham, Byron H., III, 1049 Geiser, A. H., I, 499 Graham, Charles, I, 491 Genin, J. B. M., I, 210 Graham Iron Company, II, 706 Genoa Mine, I, 455, 467 Graham Mine, II, 706 Geothein, M. J. H., I, 214 Grand Lake Township, II, 689 Gerry, A. L., I, 427 Grand Portage, I, 40, 50 Gidley, William J., I, 155, 156 Grand Portal, I, 9 Gilbert, E. J., I, 367 Grande, Andrew, II, 801 Gilbert, Giles, II, 583 Grandy, John, II, 832 Gilbert, Henry C., I, 60 Grant Avenue., Eyelet!' (illustration), II, Gilbert, I, 18G, 461 526 Gilbert Banks, I, 465 Grant, Donald, I, 286, 359, 419; II, 727 Gilbert Commercial Club, I, 467 Grant-Chase vs. Merritts, I, 401 Gilbert Group of Mines, I, 467, 468 Grant Mine, I, 477 "Gilbert Herald," I, 459, 467 Grant School, Duluth, I, 337 Gilbert High School, I, 463, 465 Graves, Charles H., I, 215, 227, 253, 254, Gilbert Independent School District No. 258, 359 18, II, 708 Graves, J. A., I, 391 Gilbert School District, I; 461, 462 Gray, George A., III, 1125 Gilbert Village, I, 455-470; II, 708 Gray-Wertin Company, III, 1184 Gilbert Water Plant (illustration), I, Great Scott Township, L 477, 478; II, 460 690, 695 Gilfillan, James, II, 614 Great Northern Company's dam at Gill, John, II, 582 Thomson, I, 300 Gill, Thomas, II, 838 Great Northern Iron Ore Properties, I, Gillmor, F. H., II, 594, 699 415; II, 548 _ Gilman, John M., I, 63 Great Northern Power Company, I, 299 Gleason, M E., I, 385, 386 Great Northern Railroad, I, 250, 251; Glendale, II, 697 II, 547, 594 Globe Duluth Iron Works, I, 316 Great Northern Reserve, I, 477 Glode, John, III, 1168 Great Northern Spinning and Knitting Gnall, John, I, 435' Mills, I, 317 Gnesen Township, II, 688 Great Western Reserve, II, 584 Gnidica, John, I, 391 Greely, Douglas, II, 602 Godfrey, H., I, 109 Green, Watterman, I, 95, 133, 305 Godfrey, Michael H., II, 891 Greening, B. 0., II, 537 Godfrey, Richard, I, 60 Greenwood, George E., I, 382 Gogarn, Julius, II, 610 Greer, Charles Van S., II, 842 Gogebic Iron Range, I, 415 Greer Contracting Company, I, 477 Gogebic Steam Boiler Works, I, 316 Gregory, James B., I, 365 Gold Island, I, 348 Gregory, Joseph, I, 113, 132 Gold rush to Vermilion County, I, 344, Gribbon, John, I, 391 345, 346, 347 Griese, Emanuel T., III, 998 Goldthorpe, J. F., I, 443 "Griffon" (LaSalle's vessel), I, 321 Gonlais, Catherine (Mrs. Edmund F. Griggs E. Z., II, 597 Ely), I, 51 Grochau, Edward A., II, 797 Goodrich, Earl, I, 163 Groff, Gilbert B., II, 541 Goodwill, I., I, 379 Groseilliers, Medart Chouart, I, 5, 7, 8, Goodwillie, Thomas, II, 579 16; sketch of, 18 Gooseberry River, I, 131 Groseilliers-Radisson Explorations, I, Gopher Labor Journal, II, 567 5-19 Gore, W. F., II, 582 Gross, A. F., I, 361 Gordon, Alexander T., II, 868 Gulbrandson, Olaf, II, 707 Gorman, Willis A., II, 612 Gunderson, M., I, 378 Gornik, Anton, II, 909 Gunn, Thomas W., JI, 626 Goss, James W., I, 375 Gunniss, John T., L 277 Gould, Henry A., I, 226 Gustafson, A. Bernard, III, 1199 Gouse, John, I, 391 Gustafson, Emil S., II, 930 INDEX xix
Hacker, Frank, I, 131 Hayes, Daniel B., III, 1195 Hagan, Patrick, I, 427 Hayes, Hiram, I, 40, 45, 80, 83, 107, 123, Halden Township, II, 692 126, 197, 198, 205, 305 Hale, Benjamin, I, 431, 451 Hayes, James J.. III, 1098 Hale, J. T., I, 286, 397, 398, 431, 432, Hayes, Lester W., II, 857 445, 451, 264, 298, 467 Hayes' Clearing, I, 140 Haley, Dennis F., II 926 Hayes' Hall, Virginia, II, 589 Haley, Joseph, II, 533 Haynes, R. D., I, 217 Hall, Edward H., I, 305, 445 Hayward, Walter J., I, 220 Hall, Harry A., II, 830 Head of the Lakes : Census of 1853, I, Hall, Mathew 0., I, 273; III, 1066 87; first sailing vessel built at, 171; in Hall, Orator K., I, 82, 116 1854 (Oliphant), 82 Hall, R. P., II, 623 Hearding, John H., I, 414, 415, 492; II, Hall, Sherman, I, 65 513, 515 Halliday, P. J., I, 443 Hearding High School, I, 492 Hallock, Charles, II, 922 Hearding and Johnson Schools, Aurora Halstrom, Otto F., II, 815 (illustration), I, 493 Hamilton, J., I, 359 Heath, George B., I, 381 Hamre, Thorwald B., III, 1084 Heberton, E. P., I, 208 Hand, F. B., II, 602 Hector (Hale) Mine, I, 451 Hanford, Arthur, II, 908 Hedeen, C. L., I, 443 Hanft, August J. T., III, 989 Hedin, Manne, III, 1033 Hanna, M. A., and Company, I, 415 Hedloff (Mrs.), Andrew,. I, 391 Hanna Mines, I, 497 ; II, 716 Heed, Carl A. A., III, 1120 Hanna Ore Mining Company, I, 477, Hegardt, W. G., I, 308 478, 497; II, 716 Heimbach, William P., II, 930 Hannaforcl, W. E., II, 602 Hellman, William, I, 476 Hansen, Fred, II, 879 Helm, Joseph C., II, 821 Hansen, Hans C., I, 427; II, 899 Helmer, John, I, 418 _Hansen, 0. E., I, 391 Helmer Mine, I, 477 Hanson, Anton, II, 877 Henderson, Jonathan S., I, 428 ; III, 1151 Hanson, John E., II, 799 Hendrick, Charles E., II, 840 Hanson, P. George, II, 816 Hennepin, Louis, his rescue by Duluth Harding, J. Horace, I, 283, 299 (1680), I, 29, 31 Haring, James H., I, 68 Henricksen, A. L., II, 745 Harlo, John, I, 391 Hendrickson, Helmer, I, 481 'Harney, M. J., III, 1118 Henry, Alexander, I, 42, 43 Harri, John A., I, 385, 391; II, 890 Herbutt (Herbert) William, I, 88 Harrington, Albert, I, 279 Hermann, Julius F., I, 281 Harris, Ada Van Stone, I, 338 Hermann Township, II, 693, 725 Harris, Fred C., II, 923 Herriman, David B., I, 60 Harris, William, I, 362 Hertges, G. W., I, 378 Harris, N. W., and Company, I, 267 Heustis, C. P., I, 121 Harrison, G E., II, 547 Hibbard, Alice, I, 124 Harrison, M. B., I, 279, 280, 286, 417, Hibbard, Charles, I, 112 444, 445, 451 Hibbard, John J., I, 123, 124 305, 346 Hart, Eli L., II, 911 Hibbing, Frank, I, 395, 398, 496 ; II, 541, Hart, James, III, 1047 544, 550, 551, 555, 557, 575, 727, 728; Hart, W. N., III, 1016 III, 1232 Hartley, G. G., I, 254, 285 Hibbing, I, 180; II, 555, 556, 557, 558, Hartley Mine, I, 497 559 ; war record, 567; churches of, Hartley-Burt-Palmer Mine, I, 497 564; as a lumber camp (illustration), Hartley Schools, I, 481 726 Hartman, Emil, I, 251 Hibbing Carnegie Public Library, Hartness, James C., III, 1176 Harvey, Carl, I, 391 563 Harvey, George, II, 791 Hibbing Commercial Club, II, 566 Harvey, H. R., I, 382 Hibbing Daily Tribune, II, 567 Harvey Iron Company, I, 369 Hibbing district, big timber days of Hatch, E. A. C., I, 163; II, 615 (1875-84), II, 538; early explorers in, Hatch's Battalion, Cavalry, Civil War, 541; ore lands in, 540; views in (il- II, 615 lustration), 568, 572, 573 Haug, M., I, 257 Hibbing Group of Mines, II, 728 Haven, R. D., I, 303 Hibbing Lake Superior Company, I, 405 Hawkins, E. B., I, 477; II, 526, 706 Hibbing Light and Water Company, II, Hawkinson, Andrew, II, 783 555 Hawley, Edward J., III, 1175 Hibbing News, II, 566 Hayden, J. P., II, 721 Hibbing Parks, II, 561 Hayden, Stone & Company, II, 666 Hibbing Sentinel, II, 566 xx INDEX
Hibbing State Bank, II, 564 Houghton, Jacob, I, 321 Hibbing Village, a lumber camp, II, 550; House, Francis E., III, 1063 first things, persons, events, 556, II, Howard, Benjamin F., .I, 305 731 Howard, John D., I, 125, 237, 305 Hickey, John, Sr., I, 391 Howard, John G., I, 305 Higgins, Charles, I, 88 Howard, Julian, I, 378 Higgins, F. T., II, 583 Howard, Sandford A., II, 567 Higgins, William, I, 207 Howard Saw Mill, I, 328 Higgins Land Company, II, 582 Howell, Arthur, II, 581 Higgins Mine, II, 582 Howenstein, Bill, I, 65 Higgins School, Virginia, II, 605 Howenstein, William C., I, 305 Highland Canal and Power Company, Howerton, Frank A., III, 1207 I, 299 Hoyne, G., I, 214 Hill, Clarence M., II, 540 Hoyt, Colgate, I, 401, 402 Hill, Dauvet (David), II, 685 Hubbard, Lucius F., II, 613 Hill, H. M., I, 356 Hudson, T. T., I, 280 Hill54,9 James J., I, 179, 323; II, 540, 548, Hudson Bay, voyage to (1660), I, 15, 16 Hudson Bay Company, I, 39 Hill, Nick, I, 428 Hudson Mine, I, 485 Hill, William L., I, 432 Hughes, Alexander, II, 522 Hill Township, II, 738 Hughes, George B., III, 1210 Hilliard, J. W., I, 301 Hugo, Trevanion W., I, 20, 26, 221, 246, Himebaugh, T. C., I, 277 273, 284, 303; II, 739 Hintz, B. W., III, 965 Hull, J. J., I, 225, 226 Hippakka, Gabriel, I, 391 Hull, Martin B., II, 544, 551, 728 Historical Society of Douglas County, Hull and Boeing Lands, II, 540 I, 89 Hull 40 Mine, II, 515 Hitchcock, R. W., II, 567 Hull Reserve Mines, II; 544 Hjelm, Anton, II, 718 Hull-Rust-Mahoning Open Pit, II, 543 Hobart Iron Company, I, 469 Hull-Rust Mine, I, 415; II, 544 I-lobart Mine, I, 468 Humphrey, A. E., I, 445, 449, 452; II, Hockinson, Andrew, I, 376 511, 514, 575, 579, 581, 584, 585, 586, Hodge, Richard, I, 391; III, 1081 714 Hoel,_Alfred, I, 465, 467; III, 1139 Hungerford, W. W., I, 199 Hoel, Charles B., II, 547; III, 1174 Hunter, John C., I, 199, 227, 251, 309 Hoffman, C. R., I, 449 Hurley, J. J., I, 459 Hogan, James, II, 888 Huse, George S., _I, 203 Hogan, Thanas H., I, 131 Hussey, James G., I, 220 Hokanson, M., I, 324 Hutchins, Lyle, I, 113 Hoke, ICremer J., III, 1237 Hutchinson, William, I, 372 Holand, Hjalmar Rued, I, 4 Hutter district, I, 460 Hole-in-the-Day (Indian chief), I, 61 Hutter School (illustration), I, 462 Holiday, E. C., I, 296 Hyer, George, I, 99 Holladay, Fred H., III, 1178 Holland, George N., II, 540, 758 Imperial Flour Mill, Duluth, I, 269 Holland, J. C., I, 451 Incline Railway, Duluth, I, 285 Hollans, Charles N., III, 1175 ridependence" (first lake steamer), I, Hollenbeck, W. H., II, 707 "I321 Holmes, Sidney, I, 106 Independent School Districts : No. 18, I, Holt, J. W., I, 55 461, 462, 463, 4651 No. 19, II, 686; No. Holter, William, I, 376 21, I, 428, 429, 430; No. 22, Virginia, Holterud, Martin, II, 908 II, 603-07; Wuori Township, 738; No. Holtzlander, Scott L., III, 1110 27, Hibbing, 571, 572; No. 35, I, 481, Home Electric and Heating Company, 483, 484; No. 39 (Eveleth), II, 535, Eveleth, II, 522 536, 683; No. 40, I, 510; No. 50, II, Home State Bank, Duluth, I, 308, 310 701 Honor list of St. Louis County, World Indian mission, first school at, I, 134 War, II, 630-58 Indian treaties (1825-54), I, 57 Hood, Calvin, I, 80 Indian uprising of 1862, I, 161 Hooker, W. T., I, 254, 255 Indians, I, 3; dog feast on Minnesota Hoopes., T. W., I, 296 Point, 112; Vermilion, during the war Hopkins, W. D., I, 307 (1862), 343 Hopperton, Joseph, I, 383 Indihar, A. W., I, 459, 467 Hosford, Arthur A., I, 432 Industrial Township, II, 693 Hospital Unit, Third Minnesota Infan- Industries of Duluth (1869), I, 190 try, World War, II, 627 Inland Steel Company, II, 545 Hotchkiss, Robert W., II, 864 Insurance Service Agency, III, 1107 INDEX xxi
International Harvester Company, II, Jones, George C., I, 70 545 Jones, John T., I, 445, 446, 447, 449, 468; Interstate Iron Company, I, 477, 582; II, 514, 516, 581, 582, 714 II, 545, 546, 585 Jones, Kimberly, II, 511 Iron Chief Mine, I, 477, 478 Jones, Samuel Houston, I, 83 Iron Exchange Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Jones, Thomas J., II, 547 Iron Junction Village, II, 674, 675 Jones and Laughlin Seel Company, I, Iron ore (1893-1918), I, 332 415, 451, 477; II, 545, 546, 582 Iroquois Mine, II, 716 Jordan Mine, I, 497 Irving School, Duluth, I, 337 Junior High School,* Eveleth, II, 536; Island Creek Coal Company, I, 319 Kinney, I, 481 Itasca Bazaar Company, III, 960 Junsola, Herman, II, 626 Itasca County, I, 100, 101, 104 Jury, Thomas, I, 386, 391 Itasca Mine, I, 477 Ives, Charles L., I, 212 Kaiser, William J., III, 1223 Kane, Frederick R., III, 1230 Jackson, Elmer, I, 391 Kangas, Charles, II, 722 Jackson, Thomas A., I, 236 Kapsch, John, I, 391 Jackson, William L., II, 871 Kassler, ,john, I, 437 Jacobson, John, I, 437 Kauppi Township, II, 719 Jacobson, J. C., I, 213 Keating, Frank P. H, 872 James, Charles C., I, 207 Keaugh, Ed., I, 3S James, Charles R., I, 391 Keech, Vernon, I, 427 James, Fred B., I, 382, 385, 386; III, 947 Keen, Freeman, I, 277 James, J. R., II, 593 Keenan, C. J., II, 676, 694 James, W. T., I, 387 Keene, Freeman, I, 305; II, 610 Jaques, Alfred, I, 265 Kehoe, John G., I, 446, 449 Jefferson, Robert E., I, 95, 97, 112, 113, Keir, William, II, 689 114, 132, 133, 160, 274 ; II, 608, 610 Keller, G., I, 210 Jefferson House, I, 95 ; (illustration), Keller, Sam, I, 459 96, 129, 131, 347 'Kelley-How-Thomson Company, I, 324 Jefferson School, Duluth, I, 337 Kellow, M., I, 376 Jeffrey, John H., II, 902 Kelly, Clyde W., II, 824 Jenks, Martin L., II, 741 Kelly, James H., I, 61 Jennings Mine, I, 477, 478 Kelly, M. H., II, 548 Jenssen, Leif, III, 969 Kelsey, Byron J., II, 785 Jesmore, Charles, II, 520, '524, 533; III, Kelsey Township, II, 694, 733 1171 Kendall, H. E., I, 237 Jesuit map, of upper lakes region (1670- Kennedy, Charles T., III, 1107 71), (illustration), I, 6, 7 Kennedy, F. E., I, 467 Johns, H. T., I, 241 Kennedy, F. R., I, 280 Johnson, August, I, 359; III, 936 Kennedy, Henry C., I, 437 Johnson, C. H., II, 855 Kensington Rune Stone, I, 3, 4, 5 Johnson, Carl R., II, 813 Kent, Florence, II, 520 Johnson, Charles, I, 378 Kent, Frank, I, 369 Johnson, Charles F., I, 121, 193 Kepner, H. D., I, 378 Johnson, E. J., I, 391 Kerr, A. A., II, 761 Johnson, Edward C. A., II, 818 Kerst, Scholastica, Reverend Mother, Johnson, Edwin, III, 1115 I, 339 Johnson, Edwin F., II, 757 Ketola, John, III, 1201 Johnson, F. A., Sr., II, 757 Keweenaw Peninsula (1660), I, 10 Johnson, Frank E., II, 860 Keystone Chapter, No. 20, R. A. M., Johnson, Frank L., III, 1066 Duluth, I, 225 Johnson, Ham, I, 95 Kichli, Henry A., I, 305 Johnson, John P., III, 1041 Kileen, Thomas, II, 746 Johnson, L. E., II, 527 Killoren, John, II, 548 Johnson, Nils, II, 698, 699, 700 Killorin, John F., II, 564; III, 1025 Johnson, Nels L., III, 1070 Kimball, Charles, I, 80 Johnson, Olef M., III, 936 Kimball, J.-, I, 212 Johnson, Robert, I, 120 Kimberly, George W.,I, 227, 254, 264 Johnson, Russell, I, 465 Kimberly, Peter L., , 445, 447; II, 511, Johnson, S. G., II, 662 514, 516, 523, 714 Johnson, S. I., I, 277, 434 King, C. B., I, 444 Johnson, S. M., I, 475, 484 ; III, 1045 King, Herbert S., III, 959 ' Johnson School, Virginia, II, 605 King, T. A., I, 359 Jones, A. W., I, 380 Kingsbury, W. W., I, 101, 109, 119, 120, Jones, C. C., I, 204 135, 162 Jones, E. C., I, 387 Kingsford, W. W., I, 234 Jones, George, I, 274 Kingston, Arthur G., III, 1168 xxii INDEX
Kinkead, D. C., I, 324 Lake Superior Coal and Iron Company, Kinney, 0. D., I, 387, 431, 432, 477; II, I, 318 586, 597, 706 Lake Superior Consolidated Iron Mines, Kinney, 0. D., and Company, II, 526 I, 401, 405, 406, 408,. 409, 412, 422, 435, Kinney Mine, I, 477, 480; II, 691 447; II, 513, 542, 544, 727 Kinney Schools, I, 481 Lake Superior District, I, 415, 416 Kinney Village, I, 479, 480; II, 691, 692 Lake Superior Iron Company, II, 541 Kirby, F. S. R., I, 507; II, 563 Lake Superior Iron Ranges, I, 415 Kitchli, Henry A., I, 274 Lake Superior Mine, II, 728 Kitchi Gammi Club, Duluth, I, 265 Lake Superior Mining Institute, II, 671, Kitzville Village, II, 731, 732 727 Kiwanis Club, Chisholm, I, 508 Lake Superior Traffic, I, 322 Klass, Fred A., II, 893 Lakeside School, Duluth, I, 337 Klearflax Linen Rug Company, I, 316 Lakeside Village, I, 282 Klink, Frank, I, 434 Lakewood Township, II, 696 Knapp, C. A., II, 721 Lake. Vermilion, I, 342, 379 Knife Lake, I, 13 LaMargie, Frederick, I, 305 Knight, F. D., I, 338 Lamont, John D., II, 824 Knott, Proctor, I, 283 Lampi, M. P., I, 391 Knox Mine, II, 706 Lampi, Sam, II, 738 Knowlton, Charles, I, 88 Lamuth, John, I, 391 Knowlton, W. T., II, 727 Land Office, Portland (1859), I, 52 Knutson, Arthur O., I, 386 Lane, James, I, 395 . Knutson, Carl A., III, 943 Lang, N. P., I, 481 Knutson, Olof, I, 385 Lant, John W., I, 423 Knutti, Sam, I, 461 La Pointe (1847), I, 57 Koen, A. E., I, 490, 443 La Pointe du St. Esprit, I,.8 Kohrt, Christian F., III, 973 La Pointe, treaty of (1854), I, 59, 73, 85 Kohrt Brothers, III, 973 Lardner, W. P., III, 978 Kolstad, Albert, I, 391 Larkin Mine, II, 585 Kolvunen, Oscar, I, 428 LaRoche, L., I, 359 Komoko, I, 197 Larsen, Axel, I, 391 Korb, Otto G., I, 383 Larsen, Edward J., H, 803 Korpi Township, II, 695 Larsen, Ludwig A., II, 834 Koski, Andrew, I, 428 Larson, James, I, 281 Koski, Oscar, I, 461 Larson, Louis, I, 391 Kotchevar, J. G., I, 391 Larson, Nels, I, 132 Kovall, John, I, 391 Laundry, Joe, I, 92 Kovall, Steve, I, 387, 391; II, 883 Laura Mine, II, 545 Kraker, Michael G., III, 1219 LaVaque, John H., I, 226 Kraker Mercantile Company, I, 467 Lavell Township, II, 697, 731 Kreis, R. Ray, II, 903 Lawrence, William F., III, 1144 Kristy, G. A., III, 1112 Lawson, Alexander, I, 383 Krogdahl, John R., H, 810 Leddell, S. F., I, 257 Krueger, H. 0., I, 281 LeDuc, Antoine, I, 68 Kruschke, Rudolph C., III, 1111 LeDuc, A. C., I, 338 Kuehnow, A. W., I, 310 LeDuc, John B., I, 68 Kugler Township, II, 695 LeDuc, W. G., I, 68, 93, 177 LeDuc's block house, I, 68 LaB eau, Elias, I, 391 Lee, E. Smith, I, 60 LaBelle Mine, I, 457, 469 Lee, Harry P., III, 1193 Labovitz, F., HI, 970 Lee, Richard H., I, 351 Lac du Stab, I, 52 Lee Mine, I, 364 Laine, Theodore, II, 921 Leetonia Mine,' II, 545 Laing, Hazel, III, 1228 Leetonia Mining Company, II, 545 Laing, James I., III, 1209 LeFave, John B., I, 88 Lake, Matt, I, 461 Lehigh Coal and Dock Company, I, 319 Lake Avenue Viaduct; Duluth, I, 295 Lehman, Ed., II, 556 Lake County, I, 101, 153 Lehman, George E., III, 964 Lake Itasca, I, 50 Lehner, A. J. II, 669 Lake Junction, II, 725 Lehtinen, William, I, 428 Lake navigation (1679-1920), I, 321, Leiding Township, II, 697, 698 322 Leland, G..A., I, 296 Lake Navigation Company of Minne- Lemont, Harry H., III, 1101 sota, I, 242 Lemieux, Frank, I, 95 Lake Superior and Mississippi River Lemire, D. F., II, 693 Railroad: reaches Duluth, I, 234 Lenning, J. 0., III, 1078 INDEX xxiii
Lenont, Charles B., U, 603 Luce, Sidney, I, 122, 130, 133, 134, 135, Lenont Hospital, Virginia, II, 603 151, 158, 160, 163, 167, 200, 219, 227, Leonard, J., I, 350 229, 240, 343 Leonard Mine, I, 415, 497 Luce's Warehouse, I, 135 Leonidas Mine, II, 515, 716, 717 Lumber interests of St. Louis County, Leonidas School, I, 430 I, 180 Leonidas Village, II, 716, 717 Lumber trades pass from Duluth, I, 328 Lerch, Fred, I, 404; II, 580, 779 Lumbermen's and Miners' Bank, Hib- Lerch, George, III, 1051 bing, II, 557, 563 Lerch Brothers, II, 590 Lunche, J. T., III, 1203 LeRichaux, Alfred, I, 307 Lundall, Samuel W., III, 1001 Lester, Henry C., II, 612 Lundmark, John E., II, 867 Lester Park, Duluth (illustration), I, Luthey, L. F., II, 721 136 Luthey, L. T., 1I,• 721 Lester Park School, Duluth, I, 337 Lyceum Theater, Duluth, I, 284 Lestic, George, I, 434 Lyder, J. W., Jr., I, 298, 308, 309 Lestic, M., I, 435 Lyman, George N., I, 279 Letau, John, I, 252 Lynch, E., I, 359 Letti, T., I, 428 Lynch, P., I, 359 Lewis, D. H., I, 310 Lynde, J. W., I, 60 Lewis, I. K., III, 1052 Lyon, George H., I, 279 Lewis, J. L., II, 564 Lyons, Asa T., Sr., III, 1123 Lewis, Ray T., I, 303 Liberty School, Duluth, I, 337 Lief, Nick, I, 461 Macaulay, Allan R., III, 9S4 Lincoln Junior High School, Duluth, I, Maclnnis, A. E., I, 467 337 MacKenzie, C. M., I, 450 Lincoln Mine, II, 582 MacKillican, James A., III, 993 Lincoln School, Chisholm, I, 509 Mackinaw Company, I, 43 Lincoln School, Duluth, I, 337 Madison School, Duluth, I, 337 Lincoln School, Eveleth, II, 536 Magee, L. 0., II, 531; death of, 533 Lind, G., I, 281 Magie, Frank L., III, 1011 Lind, John I, 428 Magie, William H., I, 441; II, 884 Lindberg, Oscar G., III, 944 Magney, C. B., I, 303 Linden Grove Township, II, 700 Magney, C. R., III, 1045 Lindsley, Alfred J., II, 919 Magnusson, Bror, I, 391; III, 1021 Linval, William, I, 428 Magnusson, B. M., I, 507 Lippman, Benjamin M., III, 966 Mahon, Stanley A., III, 1166 Liscomb, C. F., I, 458 Mahoney, Ira J., I, 281 Little, Helen M., III, 1107 Mahoning Mine. I. 415 ; II, 543, 544, Little Falls, I, 1 728 Little Fork Hotel, Cook. II, 720 Mahoning Ore Company, II, 543. 727, 729 Little & Company, I, 318 Mahoning Ore and Steel Company, I, Ljung, John J., II, 675 415 Lobe. Paul, I, 391 Mahoning Village, II, 732 Locher, Edward, I, 391 Mail Delivery in Duluth. I, 264 Lohneis, George H., II, 862 Mail facilities of the north shore in Lommen, George H.. II. 928 1855, I, 109 Londerer. Joe, I, 68 Mail Service between Duluth and Fond Lone Jack Mine, I, 405 ; IL 581 du Lac (1855-70), I. 160 Lone Jack Iron Company, II, 581 Maitland, Alexander. 1, 477; II, 545 Lonergan, D. H., III, 962 Long. James H., I. 418 Maki, Gus A., I. 387, 391 Longfellow School, Duluth, I, 337 Maki, John K., II, 912 • Long-year, E. J., I, 487, 496; II, 541, 546, Mailman, John, I, 353, 362, 374. 395, 398; 547, 727 II, 705, 727 Longyear, John M.. IL 539 Malta Mine, I, 468 Longyear Mine, II. 546 Maney, E. J., II, 548 Longyear Reserve Mine, II, 546 Maney. James, I, 8 Lopp, Anton I, III. 1211 Mann, Henry A., III, 1131 Lord. Charles. I, 83, 92, 93, 226, 305 Mannheim, Joseph A., I, 296 Lorence. G. W., I, 310 Marble, Ralph N., II, 544, 886 Lovett, Charles E., I, 278, 279, 280, 296, Margaret Mine, I, 478 307 Lounsherry, Fred H., III, 1042 Marine Commerce: Duluth as-a Port, I, Lounsberry, George H., III. 961 323 Lowe, R. A., I, 433 Marine National Bank. Duluth, I, 308 Lowell School, Duluth, I, 337 Marinette Iron Works, I, 280 Luce. Orlando, I, 200 Mariska Mine, I, 469 xxiv INDEX
Markel], Clinton,. I, 113, 132, 201, 224, McComb, Charles F., III, 1222 227, 240, 254 McComber, W. C., I, 365 Markland, A. J., I, 84 McComber Mine, I, 365 Markland, James A., I, 56 McCormack, William H., II, 563 Markland, T. A., I, 120 McCormick, Frank, II, 521 Markovich, Jacob, I, 391 McCracken, H. W., I, 132 Marovetz, Joseph, I, 391 McCreary, Frank, II, 547 Marovetz, Matt, I, 391 McCullough, H. H., I, 60, 341 Marquette Iron Mines (1853), I, 70 McCurdy, Alexander, I, 386, 389 Marquette Iron Range, I, 415 McCurdy, William A., I, 365; II, 847 Mars, William P., I, 324; III, 1034 McDavitt Township, II, 700, 701 Marsell, L. A., I, 378 McDonald, Allen J., I, 383 Marsh, F. J., I, 257 McDonald, Daniel, I, 378 Marshal, William R., I, 64, 101, 360; McDonald, James P., II, 848 II, 614 McDonald, Tommy, I, 95 Marshall, Albert M., I, 301, 324 ; II, 748 McDonald, M. W., I, 476 Marshall, C., I, 113, 257 McDonnell, D. J., II, 696 Marshall, Earl H., III, 989 McDougall, Alexander, I, 289, 290, 291, Marshall, H. C., I, 324 292, 401, 402 Marshall, S., I, 324 McDougall, Archie, III, 1020 Marshall-Wells Company, I, 317, 323 ; McDougall-Duluth Company, I, 317 II, 748 McDowell, John, III, 1074 Martin, Alfred, II, 546 McEwen, William E., I, 38, 41 Martin, Charles, I, 119 McFay, M. L., II, 706 Martin, C. E., I, 104, 113 McGarry, P. H., II, 591 Martin, Doras, I, 146; II, 609 McGarry, William R., II, 602 Martin, E. C., I, 130, 133 McGarry Hotel, Virginia, II, 591 Martin, E. P., I, 240, 252: 265 McGiffert, John R., II, 756 Martin, George W., III, 1182 McGilvery, John C., III, 1163 Martin, John M., I, 277 McGinnis, Alex., I, 359 Martin, Matt, I, 391 McGivern, James C., I, 443 ; II, 881 Martin, P. H., II, 925 McGolrick, James, III, 1221 Martin township, I, 145 McGonagle, William A., I, 289 ; II, 742 Martz, C. H., I, 288 McGovern, Lawrence J., III, 1184 Marvin, Dick, I, 187 McGrath, J. E., I, 484 Marvin, L., I, 111 McGrath, Peter, I, 481 Marvin, Luke, I, 144 McGrath, William, II, 567 Marvin, Luke A., I, 156, 157, 159, 167, McGregor, D. C., I. 428 175, 200, 205, 208, 238 McGruer, Robert, II, 593 Marvin, Richard, I, 199 McHale, James T., I, 448 Masonry born in Duluth I, 153 ; Duluth McHardy, Peter, III, 1029 pioneer bodies, 221 McIllhargey, Charles E. S., III, 1141 Masters, William A., I, 505 ; III, 1145 McInnis, A. E., I, 459 Masterson, M. A., I, 459 McInnis, John H., II, 582, 787 Mathison, William, I, 359 McInnis, Neil, I, 375, 391. 454. 468, 469; Matteson, James S., II, 805 II, 513, 514, 515, 517, 518, 579. 586, 603 Matthews, C. H., I, 458 McInnis Hotel, Eveleth, II, 520 Mattish, Nick, I, 391 McInnis Mining Company, II, 513. 515 Maville and Baraboo Iron Ranges, I, McIntire, Alex., I, 92, 122 415 McIntyre, Edward H.. III, 1204 Maxwell, Robert, 4, 428 McKay, John, II, 686 Mayas Mine, II, 706 McKelvey, James M., I, 217 Mayher, John, I, 113 McKenny, Thomas L.. I, 47 Mayhew, H., I, 347 McKenzie, Dan, I, 461 McAdams, Albert, I, 113 McKercher, Arthur B., I, 87 McAdams, John, I, 132 McKercher, R D, III, 942 McAlpin, Alfred J., III, 995 McKinley, Duncan, I, 359, 452 McAndress, M., I, 359 McKinley, John, I, 433, 444, 449, 452 McCahill, James, II, 539 McKinley, William, I, 209, 434, 452 McCann, Charles R. III, 1169 McKinley Brothers, L 433 McCarron, P., I, 359 McKinley Memorial, Tower, I. 379 MCCarthy, P. J., II, 665 McKinley Iron Company, I, 452 McCaskill, John, I, 397, 444; II, 714 McKinley Mine, I, 452, 453 McCaskill Mining Company, I, 467 McKinley Townsite Company, I, 434 McClean, I, 109 McKinley Village, I, 433, 434, 435 McClearn, Hugh J., II, 878 McKinney, P., II, 679 McClellan, J. F., Jr., I, 433 McKinney Steel Company, I, 486; II, McComb, Archie, II, 519 547, 580 INDEX xxv
McLaren, Archie, I, 274 Merritt, Lucien, I, 395 McLaren, J. F., Jr., I, 223 Merritt, Napoleon B., I, 395 McLaren, William, I, 274 Merritt, Roscoe, I, 424 McLean, I, 91, 95 Merritt, Thomas A., I, 396, 447 McLean, Archie, I, 270 Merritt, Wilbur J., I, 396, 423, 445, 447 McLean, J. H., I, 415 Merritt Brothers: Holdings in Lake McLean, Robert B., I, 85, 113, 305, 341, Superior Consolidated Iron Mines, I, 345 405, 408, 444; II, 727 McLennan, Archibald J., II, 927 Merritt Family, I, 126 McLennan, William, I, 23 Merritt Village, I, 423, 431, 432 McLennan, W. L., I, 249 Merritts vs. Rockefeller, I, 407 McMahan, Grant, I, 385, 386, 391 Mesaba Boiler Works, I, 316 McMahon, Hugh, II, 511 Mesaba Lumber Company, I, 433, 434 McMahon, J. L., I, 428 "Mesaba Miner," I, 508 McMartin, Alex., I, 316 Mesaba Park, Hibbing, II, 561 McMaster, Sandy, I, 361 Mesaba Schools, I, 491 McMillan, S. J. R.. I, 145, 217, 219 Mesaba Station, I, 422, 492 McNamara, Charles, I, 376, 378 Mesaba Township, II, 702 McNamara, Leonard, II, 836 Mesaba Transportation Company, III, McNeil, E. D., I, 486; II, 547, 580 1122 McNeil, M. P., 119 McNiven, James H., III, 1004 Mesaba Village Township Organization, McQuade, Samuel C., I, 120, 162, 305 II, 704 McRae, A. D., II, 563 Mesabi Cliffs Iron Mining Company, McReeve, C., II, 622 II, 549 McWhinney, John, I, 478 Mesabi Iron Company, I, 361, 394, 415; Mead, King S., I, 92 II. 665, 666; iron range, history of, I, Meade, George B.. I, 154 392, 416; interest in (1883-8), 395; dis- Meadow Mine, I, 485 covery of ore, 397; Merritt railroad Meadow School, I, 492 interests in. 400; Merritts dethroned Meadowlands Township, II, 694, 701 as kings of, 408; leaders and great Meagher, Peter E., III, 1129 miners, 415; first ore shipped from, Mears, John, I, 276 419; first trainload of iron ore shipped Medalie, Barney J., III, 1013 from, 421; first steam shovel, 446; Meehan. P. E., II, 697 steam shovel operations, 449; treat- Meining, H. C., III, 972 ing the low-grade ore of, II, 664; 'Meisner, J. P., II, 765 Adams' story of pioneer explorations Meldahl, Martin M., II, 809 of (1883-89), 702; railroads extended Mendenhall, Luther. I, 249, 251, 252, 285 into (1892-93), 727 Menominee Iron Range, I, 415 Mesabi Land and Improvement Com- Merchants National Bank, I. 261 pany, I, 485 Merchants and Miners Bank, Tower, I, 379 Mesabi ore condemned, I, 354, 394 Mercer, John, I, 226 Mesabi Ore and Hibbing Daily News, Merchants National Bank, Duluth, 1.309 566 Merchants and Miners State Bank, Hib- "Mesabi Range," I, 432 bing, II, 564 Mesabi Station, II, 552 Merdink, Henry J.. I. 387; III. 957 Mesabi Transportation Company, II, 567 Meridan Iron Company, I, 497. 498: Messer, M. 0.. I. 226 II. 570 Messner. Jacob B.. II, 913 Merritt, Alfred, I, 45. 56. 62, 111, 120, Meyer, John E.. III, 1114 126, 133 : review of period following Meyers. George W., I, 499 1857 panic, 140; 282, 286. 288. 305, 346. Michaels, Peter E., II, 678 395, 396, 397, 405, 417, 418, 445; II, Michaud. Arthur A., III, 1238 714, 715; III, 1086 Micka. Edward J., II. 882 Merritt. Andrew R.. I. 138. 395. 445; Midway, Nos. 1 and 2. I, 478 II, 584 Midway Township, II, 706 Merritt, Bert U.. I, 428 Mielke. Frank M.. II, 804 Merritt. Cassius C., I. 286, 305, 395, 396, Mihelcic, Frank. III. 1208 417, 418; death of, 419: 445, 451 Milford, I, 94. 113, 135 Merritt. Eugene T.. I. 396 Military Road, I, 106, 107. 129, 154, 157 Merritt, John E., I. 396, 445; II, 577 Mille Lacs. T. 10. 27 Merritt. John H., I, 419 Miller, A. J., I, 257 Merritt. Leonidas. I, 123, 206, 277, 305. Miller, Andreas M., I, 249, 250, 251 395. 397. 398, 401, 403, 404, 405, 406; Miller. C. W., II, 602 540. 577 Miller, Robert P., II. 610 Merritt, Lewis H., I, 95. 97. 126. 132, Miller. Stephen, II, 613 143, 346, 395 Miller. Thomas E., III. 941 Merritt, Lewis J.. I, 305, 395 Miller Mine. I. 485; II. 737 xxvi INDEX
Milligan, George E., II, 581, 586 Moore, R. J., I, 305 Milligan, G. W., II, 586 Moore, S. S., I, 123 Mills, E. R., I, 254 Moorhead, W. G., I, 219 Mills, F. S., II, .773 Moose Mine, II, 584 Mims, Florence A., I, 490 Moose Township, II, 722 Miners National Bank of Eveleth, II, Moran, Joseph, II, 550, 731 526 Morcom, Elisha, I, 361, 363, 365, 372, Miners State Bank of Chisholm, I, 507 373, 398, 452; III, 980 Mining Fever in Northern Minnesota Morcom, Elisha, Jr., I, 362, 365, 371 (1849), I, 59 Morcom, Harold, I, 391 Mining News, Eveleth, II, 531 Morcom Township, II, 710 Mining operations (early), I, 162 More, Charles W., I, 386, 391 Minnesota Canal, I, 298 More Hospital, -Eveleth (illustration), Minnesota Iron Company, I, 365, 369, II, 520 373, 412, 446, 449, 468, 469, 477; II, Morgan, B. S., I, 359 513, 515, 582, 583 Morgan, John, I, 67, 69, Minnesota Loan and Trust Company, Morgan, J. Pierpont, I, 405, 410, 412 I, 452 Morgan Park, I, 312, 313 Minnesota Match Company, I, 317 Morgan Park School, Duluth, I, 337 Minnesota Mines (1884-94), I, 363 Morning Call, Duluth, I, 228, 232 Minnesota National Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Morong, Wells F., II, 889 Minnesota Point: Settlers of 1853, I, 87 Morris Mines, I, 415 ; II, 546 Minnesota Point Ship Canal Company, Morrisey, J., I, 479 I, 194 Morrison, D. George, I, 56, 83, 131, 305 Minnesota Steel Company (Duluth Morrison, John L., I, 276, 288, 297 plant), I, 181, 310, 313, 314, 315, 317 Morrison, William, I, 47, 49 Minnesota Steel Corporation, I, 278 Morrissey, Edward J., III, 993 Minnesota Utilities Company, Eveleth, Morrow, John P., I, 499 II, 522 Morse Township, II, 711 Minnewas Mine, II, 584 Morterud, Peter L., II, 760 Minor, Lewis H., III, 1026 Mott, Fred R., III, 1205 Minorca Mine, II, 584 Mound Builders, I, 1, 2 Missabe Mountain Iron Company, I, Mount Oneota, I, 94 476; II, 577 Mountain Iron, I, 180, 397 ; mining com- Missabe Mountain Mine, I, 414; II, 575, panies of. 400; 417, 419; Carnegie 576, 577, 578, 579 Public Library, 427 ; II, 666, 716; Missabe Mountain Township flail, II, churches of, 427 525, 709 Mountain Iron Commercial Club, I, 427 Missabe Mountain Township, II, 708 Mountain Iron Company, I, 398, 445 Missabe and Northern Railway Com- Mountain Iron First State Bank, I, 427 pany : Plant at Proctorknott, I, 282 Mountain Iron Mine, I, 415, 418, 421 ; "Missawba Heights," I, 180, 182 II, 713, 714 Mississippi Land Company, II, 545 Mountain Iron Park. I, 426 Mitchell, D. A., I, 430 Mountain Iron Public Library, III, 1154 Mitchell, Leo C., III, 999 Mountain Iron Reporter, I, 428 Mitchell, Oscar, I, 301 Mountain Iron School District, II, 718 Mitchell, PentecOst, I, 415; II, 563 Mountain Iron Schools, I, 428, 429 Mitchell. Peter, I, 349, 350, 352, 393 ; Mourine, Peter, I, 391 II, 542 Moykkynen, M. A., I, 459 Mitchell, Robert C., I, 198, 220, 228, 230, Mudge, William J., III, 962 239, 251 Mueller, Johann, I, 476 Mitchell, William, I, 387; III, 969 Muench, John F., I, 427, 430, 509 Mohawk Mine, I, 485; II, 737 Muhvich, Matt. I, 391 Mohawk School, Aurora, I, 494 Muldough, E. W., I, 60 Molitor, J. D., II, 769 Munger, II, 726 Monger, John A., L 313 Munger, C. H., II, 543 Monica Mine, I, 453 Munger, Roger S., I, 145, 175, 190, 200, Monroe Location (illustration), I, 510 212, 226, 227, 236, 254, 267, 269, 271, Monroe Mine, I, 497 278; II, 580 Monroe School, Chisholm, I, 509 Munger School, Duluth, I, 337 Monroe School, Duluth, I, 337 Municipal Athletic Park, New Hibbing, Montague, William, II, 584 II, 570 Montezuma, I, 92, 112, 120, 122 Munroe, William, II, 541 ; III, 1022 Montgomery, Hugh, I, 113 Munson, Samuel A., I, 394 Moonan, James, II, 909 "Murderous Three Hundred" (railroad Moore, Clarence E., I, 457, 469, 490; gang), I. 189 III, 1143 Murphy, Charles W.. I, 428 ; III, 1152 Moore, Horace B., I, 263 Murphy, John, II, 556 Moore, I. S., I, 308, 309 Murphy, John P., III, 1143 INDEX xxvii
Murphy, J. D., I, 378 Nichols Township, II, 713 Murphy, J. H., I, 383 Nicholson, H. L., I, 490 Murphy, J. Waldo, II, 567 Nicolet, I, 5 Murphy, M. J., I, 385, 387, 389 Nicolet House, I, 306 Murphy, Simon J., II, 511 Niemi, Alex, II, 738 Murphy, Thomas J., III, 1049 Nile Reserve Mine, I, 497 Murphy, William L., III, 1060 Nilssen, Hans N., I, 324 Murphy, Dorr and Flynn, II, 515 Nindipens (Indian chief), I, 54 Murray, G. Welwood, I, 404 Ninth Minnesota Infantry, Civil War, Murray, Robert, II, 545, 547 ; III, 1016 II, 614 Murray, William, III, 1108 Nissen, Niels, III, 940 Mutual Iron Mining Company, I, 365 Nixon, Frank J., III, 1069 Myers, F. B., I, 442 Noonan, Lillian, 336 Myers, H. H., I, 257 Nordstrom, A. S., III, 938 Myers, H. M., I, 296 Norman, Olaf, I, 349 Myers School, Chisholm. I, 509 Norman Mine, II, 582 Myrick, Nathan, I, 163 Normanna Township, II, 718 North Shore: Progress on, in 1856, I, Nankervis, James, I, 391 110; first frame schoolhouse on, 133; Nash, Edgar, I, 183, 200, 237 first agricultural society on (Oneota, National Bank of Commerce, Duluth, 1859), 142; first pork killed on, 143; I, 281, 308 first birth on, 148 National Iron Works, I, 316 North Shore Advocate, I, 125, 228 Nassau Mine, II, 546 North Shore Mining Company, I, 162 Nassau Ore Company, II, 546 North Star Construction Company, I, Naughton, Coleman F., II, 772 251 Neilon, William, III, 1179 North Star Rural School. I, 481, 483 Nelson, Anton, II, 835 Northern Coal and Dock Company, I, Nelson, A. D., II, 613 319 Nelson, Edward H., III, 1030 Northern Drug Company, II, 826 Nelson, Edward N., II, 858 Northern National Bank, Duluth, I, 308, Nelson, John, II, 720 309 Nelson, Martin, II, 695 Northern Pacific Junction, I, 198 Nelson, P. H., II, 548 Northern Pacific Railroad, I, 183, 185; Nelson, Rensselaer R., I. 69 work on stopped by Jay Cooke failure, Nelson, R. R., I, 73, 85, 87 196, 243, 250; its beginning, 197, 199 Nelson, T. W., II, 541, 728 Northey, William C., I, 499, 504; III, Nelson Knitting Mills Company, I, 317 1018 Nelson (C. N.) Lumber Company, II, Northland Farmer, II, 720 540, 579 Northland Township, II. 718 Nelson Mine, II, 515 Northrop, George, I, 189 Nettleton, George E., I, 65, 72, 73, 74, Northrup, Anson, I, 351 97, 99, 114, 116, 117, 125, 132, 194 Northside School; Virginia, II, 605 Nettleton, Mrs. George E., her reminis- Northwest Fur Company, I, 41, 321 cences, I. 73, 76, 113 Northwestern Fuel Company, I, 318. 319 Nettleton, William, I, 72, 73, 74, 87, 95, Northwestern Textile Company, I, 317 97, 114, 129, 132. 133, 169, 200, 240 Northwestern Telephone Company, I, Nettleton School, Duluth, I, 337 257 New Duluth (1913), I, 313 Norton, T. W.. I. 257. 280 New Duluth Bank, I, 308 Norwood, J. G., I, 392 New Duluth National Bank. I, 281 New Duluth Pioneer, I, 281 Oaks, Charles H.. I, 55 New Duluth Village. I, 278, 281, 282 Ober, B. H., II, 866 New England Iron Company, H, 579 O'Conner, John, I, 391 New Independence Township, II, 712 O'Haire, George T.. III. 1119 New London, I, 282 O'Hara, Tulia. III. 1191 New York State Steel Company, I, 453 O'Hara, William, III. 1190 Newberry, C. L., I, 463 O'Hearn. A. W., II, 564 Newcomb, Lewis C., II, 564 Ohio Central Coal Company, I, 318 Newcombe, Charles F., I, 199 Ohio Mine, II. 580, 581 Newcombe, C. B., I, 192, 226 Ohio Mining Company, II, 580 Newton, George, I, 84 Ohman, Olaf, I, 3 Newton, William H., I, 84, 100 Oiihwav Indians. I. 3 Newton County, I, 101 ()'Keefe. Michael, I. 375 Neville Reserve, I, 478 Olcott, W. T., I, 407, 414, 415; II. 514, Nichols, J. A., I, 417, 418, 421, 447; II, 542. 589, 728 714 Old Settlers' Association of the Head Nichols, M. A., I, 481 of Lake Superior. T. 194. 305, 306 Nichols, M. C., I, 471 Old Settlers' Lodge, Duluth. I. 307 xxviii INDEX
Olds, James A., I, 225, 226 Owens Township, II, 684, 719 Oliphant, Laurence, I, 82 Oliver, Henry W., I, 408, 410; place in Padden, M. H., I, 283 Minnesota history, 414, 415; II, 575, Paine, F. W., I, 257 576, 577, 578 Paine Webber Company, III, 979 Oliver, I, 313 Paine and Lardner Bank, I, 261 Oliver Club, Hibbing, II, 563 Palestine Lodge, No. 79, A. F. & A. M., Oliver-Frick-Carnegie Combination, I, I, 221 408, 412, 414 Palmer, B. A., II, 875 Oliver Iron Mining Company, I, 364, Palmer, C. Alton, II, 896 369, 408, 412, 414, 415, 422, 450, 456, Palmer, Leander, I, 131 458, 468, 477, 478, 485, 486, 496, 497; Palmer, M. C., II, 593 II, 515, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 577, Palmer, R. H., I, 274, 286, 398, 445; 579, 581, 582, 584, 589, 681, 682 II, 584 Palmer, Vose, I, 87, 92, 104, 107, 112, Oliver Hotel, Hibbing, II, 558 121, 162, 169, 171, 305, 345 Oliver Mines, I, 497; II, 575 Palmier, John, I, 389 Oliver Reserve, I, 469, 478, 486 Palo, E. G., I, 324 Olmstead, T. A., I, 226, 269 Panic of 1873, I, 233, 242, 243 Olson, A. C., I, 437 Pardee, John S., I, 43, 396, 413; II, 540 Olson, Ed., I, 434 Park Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Olson, Emil H., III, 1126 Park Hill Cemetery, I, 326 Olson, Herman T., I, 378, 381; III, 984 Park Point School, Duluth, I, 337 Olson, John, III, 1040 Park Point Village, I, 274, 282 Olson, Swan D., I, 471 Park State Bank, Duluth, I, 310 Olson Hotel, Buhl, I, 471 Parker, Asa Addis, I, 80 Oman, C. L., I, 427 Parker, Edward F., I, 220 Oneida Iron Company, I, 459 Parker, 0. W., I, 385 O'Neil, Ralph S., III, 1071 Parkville School, I, 430. O'Neil Park, Chisholm, I, 504 Parmelee, E. D., I, 477 O'Neill, James. I, 391 Parry, John, I, 92, 162 O'Neill, R. S. C., I, 336 Parsons, Andrew, I, 359 Oneota, I, 92, 94, 97; platted as a village Parsons, C. S., I, 324 (1856), 111, 116, 125, 132, 135, 145; Pasich, John, I, 484 joins city, 274, 277; pioneer school, 335 Pasternacki, John G., III, 1132 Oneota Cemetery, I, 326 Patrick, F. A., I, 324 Oneota Lumber Company, I, 111,144 Patrick (F. A.) and Company, I, 317, Oneota Sawmill, I, 144 324 Oneota School, Duluth, I, 337 Patrick House, I. 324 Oneota Temperance Society, I, 126 Patron, Jacques, I, 22 Oneota Township, I, 14L5 Patrucco, Ernest, III, 986 Oneota Townsite Company, I, 111 Patten, Robert, I, 85 Onondaga Mine, II, 585 Patterson, J. F., I, 264 Ontanagon, I, 59, 66 Patterson, J. R., III, 979 Open Air School, Eveleth, II, 536 Patterson, 0. K., I, 212 Open Pit Mines (illustrations), I, 474; Pattinson, C. Ray, III. 955 II, 730 Pattison, B. M., I. 369 Oppel, Clifford H., II, 918 Pattison, Martin, I, 365, 367, 369, 391 Oppel, C. C., I, 378, 380 Pattison, M. E., I, 365 Oppel, C. H., I, 376, 378 Pattison, William. I. 365, 369 Orcutt,, G., I, 427 Patton, William B., I, 107, 238 Oreckovsky, Charles D., II, 808 Paul, Alexander, I. .56, 131 Ord, William, I, 133 Payne, H. B., I, 16 Ordean, A. L., I, 308 Payne, Seth W., I, 232 Ordean Mine, II, 738 Peacha, A. H., III, 1191 Ormond, Oliver 0., III, 1055 Peacock, D. C.. II, 548 Orpheum Theater, Duluth, I. 237 Pealer, William 0.. III, 982 Orr, II, 697, 699 Pearce, J. H., I, 496; II, 584 Orr, F. D., III, 956 Pearce Mine, I, 497 Ortman, C. L., I, 496 Pearson, Carl, III, 958 Osage, John, I, 305 Pearson, H. W., I. 254, 265 Osborne, James W., III, 1199 Pearson, J. B., I. 378, 381 Pearson, Olof, III, 958 Osterberg, Carl H., II, 792 Pearson, William, III, 1197 Ostman, Rudolph, II, 551 Peck, W. G., I, 264 Oswald, Herman, I, 225, 226 Peet. James, I, 56. 94, 109, 116, 122, 126, Ottoman, Frederic, I, 121 132, 137, 141, 153, 208 Owens, John, I, 370, 373, 374, 375, 377, Peet, Mrs. James : her diary, I, 107 391; II, 575, 586, 588, 593, 594, 719 Pellenz, William F., Jr., II, 515 INDEX xxix
Pellew, Thomas, II, 582 Plummer and Ash, II, 594 Pelican Lake, II, 698 Poirier, Camille, I, 183; 184, 190, 201; Pelican Township, II, 698 II, 806 Pelto, Charles, I, 391 Poirier, Eugene J., I, 382, 383 Pengilly, John, I, 365, 367, 369, 383, 385 Poirier, Otto A., I, 487; II, 807 Penobscot Mine, II, 544 Pokegama attacked by Sioux, I, 55 Peoples Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Polkinghorne, Samuel Ely, I, 382 Peoples State Bank, Gary, I, 310 Pontiac Mine, I, 497 Peoples State Bank, Eveleth, II, 527 Poole, J. C., I, 391 ; II, 515 Perault, Z., II, 696 Port Byron, attempts to secure county Perfect, Frank, I, 84, 88 seat, I, 105 Periault, J., I, 359 Perkins Mine, I, 486 ; II, 737 Portage Township, II, 722 486 Porter, H. H., I, 362 Perkins Mining Company, I, Porter, Peter B., I, 340 Perry, George W., I. 100 Porthan, John E,, III, 952 Person, Abel E., II, 822 Portland. I, 92, 94, 104, 113, 125,. 129, Persons, Charles A., II, 819 130, 132, 135 ; land office removed to, Persons, J. K., II, 580 152; postoffice becomes Duluth, 159; Peterson, Charles, III, 1028 vacated (1869), 201 Peterson, G. F., II, 721 Peterson, John, I, 359: III, 1102 Posey, N. A., I, 345 Peterson, Joseph, II, 912 Post, Charles A., I, 121 Peterson, Matt, I, 461 Post. John I.. I, 95, 113, 132, 201 Peterson, Peter, I, 349 ; III, 1212 Power, Mrs. D. M., III, 960 Peterson, S. G., II, 845 Power, Victor L., IL 560. 561, 573 ; Peterson, T. H., II, 531 III, 970 . Petre, R. W., I, 237 Prairie du Chien, treaty of (1825), I, 57 Pettigrew, Thomas, I, 301 Prairie Lake, II, 685. Pettit, C. M., I, 452 Prairie Lake Township, II, 684, 723 Pettit Mine, I, 468 Pratt, W. M., I, 507 Pettys, C. G., I, 88 Press : First newspaper subscription list, Peyton, B. M., I, 308 I, 143 •' pioneer newspapers of Duluth, Peyton, Hamilton M.. I, 309 ; III. 1228 228, 233 ; first newspapers north of Phelps, William F., I, 254 Duluth, 381; The Ely Miner, 387; first Philbin, D. M., I, 288, 496 newspaper Mesabi Iron Range. 432 ; Phillips, Leslie W., II, 906 "Gilbert Herald," 467; Aurora News, Phillips, Orange, I, 131 490; Chisholm newspapers, 508 ; Eve- Phillips, P. G., II, 750 leth newspapers, Ij, 531; Hibbing Phinney, F. A., II, 827 newspapers, 566; Virginia newspapers, Phoenix Miningpany, om I, 365 602; Cook newspapers, 721 Pickand-Mather and Company, I, 415, Pressnell, Thomas H.. I, 50, 187; biog- 452, 469; II, 545, 546. 706 raphy of, 204, 229, 238, 246 ; II, 580 Pictured Rocks, I, 9 Prentice. Frederick D., I, 63 Pierce, James S., I, 274 Prentiss claim, I, 61 Pike, Zebulon, I, 43 Primary School, Virginia, II, 605 Pike Township, II, 722 Prince, Franklin, I, 372 Pilgrim Congregational Church, Duluth; Prince, William I., I. 308 ; III. 1077 I, 211 Prince, William T., I. 303 Pilki, John, I, 460 Prindle, E. M., II, 526 Pillsbury, J. S., II, 546 Prindle, William M.. III, 987 Pillsbury Mine, II. 546 Prindle, W. H., II. 526 Pilot Mine, II, 716 Prindle Reserve, II. 716 . Pine. Tree Lumber Company, IL 727 Prishern, John, I, 391 Pioneer amusements of Duluth, I, 237 Proctor State Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Pioneer banks and bankers of Duluth, Proctorknott, I, 282 I, 185 Prout. B. C., I, 391 Pioneer Coal Company, I. 318 Prudden, Clyde E., death of, II, 652 Pioneer Hotel, at the, head of the lakes, Pryor, William G., II, 906 I, 81, 385 Pryor„ W. J., I. 379 • Pioneer Mine, I, 365, 381 Public Parks of Duluth. I. 271 Pioneer Schools of Duluth, I, 216 Pust, Isaac, II, 681 Pioneer Vermilion Iron Mining Com- pany, I. 365, 367 Pitt Iron Mining Company, I. 457, 469, Quartz workers. I. 1 485 Ouimby, Roy, I, 379 Pittsburg Land Company, I, 469 Quinn, Clement K., II, 778 Pittsburg Steamship Company. I. 411 Pittsburgh Coal Company, 1, 319 Radermacher, H. A.. I, 460, 467 xxx INDEX
Radisson, Pierre Esprit, I, 5, 7, 8, 16; Reis, E. D., II, 577 biography of, 18 Reis, George L., I, 314 Railroads : First survey from Lake Su- Relf, Richard, I, 56, 94, 97, 112, 114 perior to the Mississippi River (1855), Religious observances, Indian (1830), I, I, 107 ; Lake Superior and_ Mississippi 53 River (St. Paul and Duluth) Railroad Remington, Clarence A., III, 1138 completed (1870), 156; terminal con- Renstrom, Oliver, I, 310i II, $78 test between Superior and Duluth, Republic Iron and Steel Company, I, 158; early history, 164; Duluth be- 415, 453, 468; II, 579, 580, 585, 709 comes terminus of Lake Superior and Rhodes Mining Company, I, 468, 477; II, Mississippi River Railroad, 167; 546 Northern Pacific commenced, 197; Rice, Aueiss, I, 140 first passenger train into Duluth Rice, C. M., I, 324 (1870), 234; Cooke failure of 1873 Rice, Daniel, I, 208 stops work on Northern Pacific, 243 ; Rice, Edmund, I. 72 Duluth and Winnipeg- Railroad, 250, Rice, E. H., I, 133 251; proposed lines along the dyke, Rice, Henry M., I, 60, 68, 69, 72, 93, 253; building of Duluth and Iron 101, 103, 105, 135 Range Railroad, 258; Duluth Lines in Rice, John, I, 376, 378, 724 1886, 261, 263 ; Union Depot, Duluth, Rice, Orrin W., I, 73, 77, 97, 114, 123, 271; plant of Duluth, Missabe and 125, 132 Northern Railway, 282 ; Duluth, Rice Lake Township, II, 672 Missabe and Northern Railway Com- Rice's Point (illustration), I, 102; 105, pany, 285; D. & I. R. railroad grant, 140, 237 359 ; Duluth and Iron Range Railroad Rich, C. E., I, 359 reaches mines, 362; extensions to Rich, John M., I, 252 Mesabi Iron Range, 399; Duluth, Rich, R. J., III, 1206 Missabe and Northern Railroad Com- Richards, John C., III, 1177 pany financed by John D. Rockefeller, Richardson, Frederick A., II, 754 404; D. M. & N. reaches Mountain Richardson, J. Bruce, I, 455 Iron and Virginia, II, 588 ; extensions Richardson, William, I. 153 into Mesabi Range (1892), 715; ex- Richie, Thompson, I, 116 tended into Mesabi Iron Range (1892- Rikala, Sam, I, 428 93), 727 Rickard, Samuel, II, 820 Rakowsky, John G., I, 118, 119. 236, 305, Rickart, J. A., I, 490 341, 344, 345 ; II, 610 Riley, N. P., I, 443 Ralf, Richard, II, 706 Riot of 1889, I, 269, 270 Ramsey, Alexander, I, 67, 68, 93, 361, Ritchie, R. M., III. 1107 394; II, 610 - Ritchier, C. J., I, 486 Randall, John, I, 476 Riverside shipbuilding plant, I, 292 Randall, Joseph, III, 988 Robb, James A., I, 437. 456 ; III, 1155 Range Motor Service Company, III, Robb, M. M., II, 767 1131 Robbins, Aaron B., I. 113,. 133 Rankin. Hiram S., II, 548; III, 1196 Robbins, N. B., I, 113 Rattle, W. J., I, 367 Robbins, W. D., I, 132 Raustad, Lee, I, 484 • Roberts, Harry, I, 453, 468, 496; II, 584 Ray, James D., I, 113, 132, 169, 194, 196, Roberts, T. H.. I, 391 200, 220, 222, 223, 227, 236, 305 Roberts (Atlas) Mine, I, 453 Ray, Philip L., II, 793 Roberts Mining Company, I. 453 Ray, Robert C., I, 264 Robertson, D. A.. I, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, Ray, Reserve, I, 486 87 Rayburn, J. S., I, 451 Robie, Jack E., I, 381 Raymond, B. W., I, 111 Robillard, A. J., III, 1079 Raymond, E. N., I, 377; II, 589 Robinson. A. C., I, 276 Raymond. George, II, 603 Robinson, George 0., H, 511 Rea, H. R., II, 577. Robinson, Henry A.. III, 1236 Real Estate Association, I, 296 Robinson, J. M., I, 452 Real estate developments (1886-90)„ Robinson, M. Bliss, III. 973 293 Rockefeller; Franklin, I, 369, 403; II, Reamer, Leonard, II, 672 579, 580 Red Cross floral tributes (illustration), II, 650 Rockefeller, John D., I. 401, 402, 403, Redeem, L. A., I, 378 404, 406, 412; II, 513, 548, 552, 579, 580, Redfern, John A.. II. 544 ; III, 1032 727, 728 Redman, Rufus H., III, 1134 . Rockefeller-Carnegie agreement, I. 409 Reed, H. P., I, 427 Rockwell. A., I, 277 Reed, Robert, I, 88, 120 Roe, D. H.. I, 279 Reese, A. E., I, 490 Rogers, C. Y.. I, 359 Reifsteck, G. F., I, 324 Rogers, H. T.. I. 455 INDEX
Rogers, W. H., I, 445 Saxton, I, 92, 113 Rogers, W. K, I, 417 Saxton, Charles K., I, 305 Ronkainen, Andrew, I, 428 Saxton, Commodore H., I, 113, 164, 166, Rood, D. C., II, 545, 556, 563, 564 Saxton, Horace, I, 106, 167, 305 Rood Hospital, Hibbing, II, 564 Scarlet fever (1859-60), I, 143 Roosevelt, Theodore, Grade School, Schaack, Lee, I, 88 Chisholm, I, 509 Schaefer, Francis J., I, 20 Roosevelt School, Virginia, II, 605 Schaefer, Peter, I, 381; sketch of, 387; Roosevelt Township, II, 710 389; II, 920 Root, J. M., I, 296, 467 Schailby, J. G., I, 338 Rose, Hugh, I, 359 Schell, Herbert, II, 879 Rose, James F., III, 1239 Schiffrer, J. E., II, 847 Rosendahl, Martin, III, 939 Schirmer, Adam M., III, 1055 Roskilly, Joseph, II, 585 Schley Mine, I, 468 Ross, F. R., I, 428 Schmied, Emil, I, 296 Rothman, Joseph A., II, 925 Schoolcraft's party (1832), I, 50 Rouchleau, Louis, I, 468; II, 515, 582 School Districts (see Independent Rouchleau-Ray Iron Land Company, II, School Districts), No. 9, II, 672; 582 No. 12 (Ely), 712; No. 13, I, 490, 494; Rouchleau-Ray Mine, II, 583 No. 22, II, 589; No. 24, I, 442 ; No. 33, Roussain, Francis, I, 49, 56. 131 II, 662; No. 41, 670; No. 74, 685; Rowe, C. P., I, 324 No. 81, 683 Rowe, Thomas J., III, 1137 Schoweiler, Leroy, I, 490 Rowe, William N., III, 1137 Schubmehl, Geo. W., I, 490 Roy, Vincent, I, 45 Schultz, Alex., I, 226 Rubey, J. R., I, 386 Schultz, Charles, I, 480 Ruddy Mine, I, 453 Schulze, Ernest A., II, 747 Runquist, John, III, 944 Schulze, William J., II, 788 Rural schools, I, 335 Schuster, Carl H., 11,931 Russell, M. C., I, 229 Schutte, F. M., I, 307 Rust, Ezra, II, 541, 544 Scott, B. W.. II, 584 Rutherford, Fermanah P., III, 1161 Scott, John, I, 92, 122, 359; II, 587 Ryan, James H., II, 914 Scott, Quincy A., I, 239 Ryan Boiler and Welding Company, I, Scott, Seth, I. 378 317 Scott, Z. D., I, 274 Ryder, Frederick, I, 113, 117, 133 Scranton Mine, IL 546 Ryder, William J., III, 1036 Sebastopol, I, 140 Section 17 Mine, I, 478 Second Company Sharpshooters, Civil Saari, J. S., II, 527 War, II, 615 Sage, L. B., I, 281 Second Minnesota Infantry, Civil War, Salisbury, Frank, I, 163 II, 612 Salmi Township, II, 735 Security Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Sall/linen. Mike, III, 1034 Security State Bank of Hibbing, II, 564 Salsich, LeRoy, III, 1002 Sedgwick, H. A., I, 324 Salter, Charles C., I, 211, 298, 307 Seeley, H. G.. I, 436 Salter School, Duluth, I, 337 Segog, John F., III, 983 Salyards, Henry F., II, 740 Seip, Albert N., I, 199, 220, 223, 249. 307 Samuelson, John E., III, 1073 Seip, Annie C., I, 307 Samuelson, Margaret E., III, 1074 Selby, Henry, I, 242 , Sanborn, John B., II, 613 Selby, J, W., I, 111 Sandberg, Emil T., I, 489 ; II, 904 Seiko, Nick, I. 391 Sandell, Andrew, I, 360 Sellers, Daniel, I, 444 Santee, A. M., III, 1054 Sellers, John M., II, 728 Sapero, Simon, III, 1017 Sellers Mine, II, 542, 553, 728 Sargent, George B., I, 65, 173. 174, 184, Sellers Ore Company, II, 543 185, 187. 207, 227 Sellers Townsite Mine, II, 543 Sargent. William C., I, 65, 185, 282, 311 ; Sellwood, Joseph, I, 309, 367, 387, 451, III, 990 477, 496 Sargent Lake, I; 141 Sellwood. R. M., I. 309, 387, 486 Sargent Land Company, I, 485; II, 570 Selsby, Henry, I, 200 Sartori. Anthony, III, 1040 Senior High School (Eveleth), II. 536 Saunders, E. N., I, 201, 318 Seraphine, J. P., I, 391 Saunders, 0. W., I, 374 Seraphine, Lena, I, 391 Sauntry property, II, 584 Seventh Minnesota Infantry. Civil War, Savanna (Halden) Township, II, 692 II, 613 • -Savoy Mine, I, 369 Sever, L. F., I, 490 Sawbridge, John, I, 375 Severson. George, I, 428 Sawyer, Andrew J., I, 186, 251. 254, 255 Seville, James, I, 264 xxxii INDEX
Seville Mine, Kinney, in 1908 (illustra- Simonson, Lewis A., II, 796 tion), I, 476; 478, 479 Sixth Minnesota Infantry, Civil War, .Sexton, Thomas, I, 305 II, 613 Shackers' Union, Hibbing, II, 553, 555 Skalla, Jake, I, 391 Shambeau, John, III, 946 Skalla, Joseph, Jr., I, 391 Shanahan, M., I, 270 Skalla, Joseph, Sr., I, 391 Shanedling, Julius, II, 898 Skogland, Alfred, I, 391 Shanedling, Morris, II, 899 Slabodnik, Leonard, I, 389 Sharky, M., I, 359 Slattery, Patrick, II, 552 Sharon Mine, I, 476, 478 Slattery, Thomas A., I, 391 Sharon Ore Company, I, 471, 473, 477 Slaughter, Robert F., I, 64, 73, 80 Sharp, Alex., I, 298 Slavonic Catholic Union, Ely, I, 389 Shaver, John B., II, 720 Slayton, L. T., I, 305 Shaw, Albert W, I, 475 ; III, 1001 Sletton, Carl, I, 391 Shaw, Daniel, I, 113, 132 Sletton, H., I, 391 Shaw, J. K., I, 273 Sletton, Louis, I, 385 Shaw, Henry W., I, 305 Sletton, Walter, I, 391 Shaw, P. M., Jr., II, 905 Slocum Chemical Company, I, 317 Shaw Mine, II, 584 Sluter, George, I, 208 Shaw's Hospital, Buhl, I, 475 Smalley, E. V., I, 241 Shawmut Iron Company, I, 365 Smallwood, W. H., II, 679 Shean, John P., I, 459 Smith, Ansel, I, 167, 168, 200 Sheehy, Gertrude; I, 481 Smith, Archie, II, 679 Sheehy, John M., III, 1130 Smith, Austin, I, 133 Sheet Metal Products Company, I, 316 Smith, C. A., II, 566 Sheldon, Samuel B., I, 314 Smith, C. C., I, 475 Shenango Furnace Company, I, 415, 478, Smith, E. S., II, 593 497; II, 548 Smith, Fred W., I, 184, 186 Shenango Ore Company, II, 548 Smith, George, II, 533 Shenango properties, I, 497 Smith, George M., I, 305 Shephard, Amos, II, 547 Smith, Henry, I, 112 Shenhard, S. B., II, 880 Smith, Henry A., I. 280 Shephard, William N., I, 375. 378, 380 Smith, Henry F., I, 276 Sher, Phillip, II, 759 Smith, James L., I, 207 Sheridan, A. A., I, 391 Smith, John, I, 160, 305 Sheridan, James, I, 391. 467; II, 549, 581 Smith, J. L., I, 203 Sherman, Harry S., III, 1135 Smith, Mrs. J. L., I, 115 Sherman, W. T.. visits head of lakes, Smith, Robert, I, 216 I, 154, 162 Smith, S. L., I, 277 Sheryah, Jacob, I, 489 Smith, Vespasian, I, 245 Shields, James, I, 135 Smith, Walter J., I, 456; II, 526 Shields, J. E., I, 199 Smithville School, Duluth, I, 337 Shipbuilding industries of Duluth, I, Smuk, Joseph, I, 391 289-92 Smuk, Matt, I, 435 Shipman. Charles G.. I, 383, 385 Snively, S. F., I, 303 Shiras Mine, I, 478 Snyder, A. L., I, 324 Shito, Mike, 391 Soldiers of the Range, World's War Shoenberger, George K., I, 237 (illustration), II, 628 Shoenberger, John H., I. 237 Solway Township, I, 72 Short, Thomas. II, 511, 515, 517 Somrock, John, I. 391 Shur, H. C., II, 677 Soudan, I, 361, 370, 371, 372, 381 Shuster, Max, I, 461 Soudan District, first blast in, I, 353 Sibley, Henry H., I, 68, 135 Soudan Mines, I, 364 Sibley, Hiram, I, 369 Soudan Public School (illustration), I, Sibley Mine, I, 369 371 Sicard, L. G., II, 564 Soudan shaft and powerhouse (illustra- Sickels, F. H., III, 941 tion), II, 672 Siegel, John, I, 458 South Chandler Mine, I, 369 Silberstein, Bernard, I, 234 Southerworth, W., I, 111 Silberstein. Edward A., I, 298 Southside School. Virginia, H, 605 Silliman, Arthur P., III, 1042 Sovde, J. C., I, 378 Silverman, Lazarus, II, 705 Sovde, Ole C.. II, 919 Simar, II. 726 Spanish-American War, II, 622, 626; Simmons, Francis T.. I, 273 Camp Ramsey, 622; Thirteenth Min- Simpson, James, I, 55 nesota Infantry, 622; Twelfth Minne- Simonds, A. G., I, 200 sota Infantry, 622; Fifteenth Minne- Simonds, 0. H., I, 254. 278, 280 sota Infantry, 623; Fourteenth Minne-• Simonich. George, I, 489 sota Infantry, 623; John G. McEwen Simons, Leighton R., III, 1058 Camp, Duluth, 624; Major Wilkinson INDEX xxxiii
Camp, Chisholm, 624; roster of rec- Stage routes, I, 155 ords of United Spanish War Veter- Standard Oil Company Depot, I, 264 ans, 624 Standard Ore Company, I, 449 Sparta Iron Company, I, 468 Stannard, Lucius, I, 362 Sparta Mine, I, 468 Stanton, E. B., I, 359 Sparta Village, I, 455, 456, 457 Star (Eveleth), II, 531 Spaulding: town site of, I, 382 Starc, John, I, 435 Spaulding, Henry M., I, 298 Starkweather, James A., III, 946 Spaulding, I. C., I, 191, 210 State Banks: Aurora, I, 490; Biwabik, Spaulding, W. W., I, 45, 61, 62,-120, 162, 441; Chisholm, 507; Virginia, II, 597 191, 200, 225, 226, 237, 238, 251, 317, State Normal School, I, 338 350. 361, 394 State Road, construction of (1868-69), Spaulding Hotel, I, 268 I, 346 "Speedwell" (Hudson Bay Company vessel), I, 321 Stayer, John F., II, 794 Spence, H., I, 437 Steam shovel operations, Mesabi Iron Spencer, George, I, 204, 212, 254; II, 790 Range, I, 448 Spencer. George H., II, 791 Stearns, Judson M., III, 1215 Spencer, Herbert R., II, 870 Stearns, 0. P., I, 217, 245, 247, 249, 251, Spensley, W. R., I, 427 267 Spina Village. II, 690 Stebbins, Stella, I, 427; III, 1154 Spirit Lake (Ironton), I, 279 Steh, Victor, I, 458 Spring Mine, II, 706 Stein, Charles F., I, 499 Spruce Mine, I, 415 (illustration), II, Stephens Mine, I, 486; II, 737 518, 522, 523 Sterk, Mike, I, 391 Spruce School, Eveleth, II, 535 Stevens, A. H., II, 552 Spurbeck, L. E., I, 443 Stevens, Edward W.. II. 914 St. Clair, A. G., I, 452 Stevenson, F. P., III, 1101 St. Clair, George, II, 513 Stevenson Iron Mining Company, II, St. Clair, G. A., I, 451, 468 ; II, 706 547 St. Croix & Lake Superior Railroad, Stevenson Mine, I, 415; II, 547 85, 164 Stewart. C. A., I. 280 St. James Mine, I, 486 ; 1I, 737 Stewart, John I, 80, 88, 113, 428 St. Joseph's Catholic Church, Chisholm, Stewart, M. I., III, 1117 II, 846 Stewart Taylor Company. III, 1117 St. Lawrence River Deep-Water Proj- Stocker (Mrs.) S. M.. I, 284 ect, I, 319 Stocking, D. W., I. 319 St. Louis County (Ely's diary), I, 52, Stickney, James. II. 869 100; organization of, 104; first town- Stinson. James, I, 72, 88 ships in, 145; farms in 1910 and 1920. Stone, George C.. I. 184, 185, 187, 190, . 179; lumber interests of, 180: value 200. 227, 318, 350, 351, 354, 355, 359, property, 1860 and 1919, 333 ; schools 360, 363, 365, 393 of (1856-1920), 335; first survey of, 340 ; assessed valuation, 1877, 1919. II, Stone, William R.. I, 201, 242, 324 661; incorporated places and tax levy, Stone-Ordean-Wells Company, I, 324 1919. 678; military and war record of. Stope mining on the Mesabi Range 608-658; unorganized spaces, 659-661 ; twenty years ago (illustration), I, 448 organized townships. 661-738; town- Stowe School. Duluth. I. 337 ships of, in 1873, 706 Strachan, B. 0., I. 367. 387 Strain. S. M.. I, 310 , St. Louis Falls, I. 131 Strayer. G. W.. I. 257 St. Louis Hotel fire, 1, 294 Stull, George, I, 123 St. Louis River (16,70), T, 38 ; illustra- Stuntz, A. C.. I. 88 • tion, 12, 60 Stuntz, George R.. I, 2, 45. 64. 65, 66, 67, St. Louis River District. I, 461 68. 71. 72. 73. 75, 80, 83, 88. 92: closes St. Louis River Water Power Company, trading post on Minnesota Point. 93. I. 299 95, 100, 106. 112. 125; review of St. Louis Township, II, 669, 724. 725 pioneer railroad enterprises, 164. 173, St. Luke's Hospital, Duluth, I. 325 197, 244. 305. 306. 344. 346. 347. 350. St. Marie, E. A.. I, 391 351. 352, death of, 354: 360, 373, 444; St. Mary's Hospital, Duluth, I, 326 665. 726, 727 St. Paul and Duluth Railroad Company. Stuntz Township, II, 538, 697, 726. 728, I. 271 729. 731. 732 St. Paul and Pacific Coal and Iron Com- Sturgeon Lake. II. 710 pany, T. 318 Sturgeon Township. II, 710, 733 St. Thomas's School. I, 339 Suffel, W. J., III. 985 St. Vincent, Albert, III, 1027 Sullivan. Andrew T.. I. 468: III. 1039 St. Vincent, Frank. I. 371 Sullivan, Patrick, I. 423 Staff, Alfred. II. 800 Sundness, Odin A.. III. 1019 xxxiv INDEX
Superior, I, 56; 1854, 59; first settler of, Thomas, Joseph, I, 391 64; surveyed (1852), 65; founding of Thomas, Minor T., II, 614 (1853), 67; in 1854 (Hiram Hayes), Thomas, Will A., II, 566 83, 84, 85; census of 1853, 87; first Thompson, Anders, I, 277 white natives, 88; in 1855-57, 111, 135, Thompson, Benjamin, I, 84 167 Thompson, David, I, 43 Superior Chronicle, first newspaper Thompson, Jacob, I, 80 (1855), I, 89, 115, 125 Thompson, James, I, 382, 383 Superior County, I, 100, 101 Thompson, Samuel J., I, 201, 203 Superior Hotel, I, 81, 82 Thomson, first railroad reaches, I, 234 Superior National Forest, I, 390 Thomson, A. D., I, 401, 402 Superior Street, Duluth (illustrations), Thouin, Gonzague L., III, 1024 I, 172, 178 Tibbetts, K. K., I, 465 Susquehanna Mine, II, 547 Tillinghast, Edmund S., II, 546; III, Sutphin, John B., I, 263, 265, 271, 303 1138 Svode, 0. C., I, 379 Toben, William C., III, 958 Swanson, Pete, I, 391 Tod, John, I, 447 Swanstrom, A. F., I, 277 Tod-Stambaugh Company, I, 415, 447, Swanstrom, Emanuel A., III, 1046 477, 497 Swanstrom, Otto, II, 786 Toivola Township, II. 695, 733 Swart, W. G., II, 664 Tomatz, John, I, 435 Sweeney, E. F., II, 547 Tomlinson Company, I, 319 Sweeney Mine, IL 547 Tompkins, J. A., I, 359 Sweet, Benjamin, I, 95 Tonti, Alphonse de, I. 22 Sweet, Charles E.. I, 200 Tonti,.. Henri de, I, 22 Sweet. M. M., I, -458 Tower, I, 180, 361, 370, 371, 373 ; first Swordling, Andrew, I, 296 town laid out north of Duluth, 374; Sylvester, E. A., I, 226 established as a village, 375 ; a rail- Syme, Alger R., III, 1061 way terminus, 376; a city, 378; Mc- Syracuse Mine, I, 452 Kinley memorial in, 379; school his- Syracuse Reserve. I, 486 tory of, 380 Syvoisan, C., I, 359 Tower, Charlemagne, I, 355, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 371, 393, 394, 412 Takkunen, Victor, I, 391 Tower Commercial Club, I, 381 Talboys, Frederick C., II, 533, 823 Tower Lumber Company, I, 378 Talboys, W. E., I, 507 Tower Weekly News, I, 381 Tallow. A. J., II, 584 Towne, Edward P., III, 1083 Talmadge, Josiah, I, 112 Train, George L., I, 507; II, 876 Tannehill, S., I, 252 Tramontin, Clement M., III, 992 Tappan, William M., III, 1003 Transportation problems (1849), I, 105 Taussig, R. A., I, 296 Trask, George K., III, 1031 Taylor, E. A., I, 433 Treaties, Indian (1825-54), I, 57; Fond Taylor, R. J., II, 521 du Lac (1826), 47; LaPointe, 392 Taylor, Thomas A., I, 120, 138 Trengove, Charles, III, 1173 Technical High School, Virginia, II, Tresider. John H., III, 996 605, 606 Trevarthen, Richard. III, 1221 Telephone comes to Duluth, I, 257 Trewhella. Martin, III, 1117 Temple Opera House, Duluth, I, 284 Trezona. Charles, I, 365, 367, 369, 385; Tener, George T., II, 577 III, 1206 Tenney, Luman H., I, 211 Trezona, Richard R., I. 468; II, 515 Tenth Minnesota Infantry, Civil War, Tribune, Duluth, I, 228 II, 614 Trimble, A. J., I, 49,6; II. 541, 551 Terry, M. E., I, 270 Trolander, F. A., II, 662 Tesora Mining Company, II, 545, 585 Tronther Township, II, 719 Tetzlaff, Hermann, I, 499 Truelsen, Henry, I, 176, 244, 303 Third Liberty Loan Campaign, World's Tucker. William A., I, 301 War, II, 629 Tufander, W. A.. I, 378 Third Minnesota Infantry, Civil War, Tullberg, E.. I„378 II, 612 Tunnev, L. H., I, 204 Third Minnesota Infantry, World's Turrish, Henry, II, 740 War, II. 627 Tweed, George P., III, 1126 Third Minnesota National Guard, Twelfth Minnesota Infantry, Spanish World's War, II, 627 American War, II, 622 Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, Spanish- Twin Ports Brass Foundry and Machine American War, II, 622 Company, I, 316 Thomas, A. J., I, 383, 389, 391 Twitchell. J. F., II. 553, 556, 573 Thomas, Francis, I, 391 Two Harbors, I, 258 Thomas, Harry, I, 499 Typhoid fever epidemic (1888), I, 270 INDEX XXX V
Ulrich, William F., III, 1097 Virginia, Carnegie Public Library and United States Steel Corporation, I, 405 Fire Department, II, 601; district, 574; Union Improvement and Elevator Com- churches of, 594; in 1892 and 1920, pany, I, 193 585, 586, 587, 588, 589; incorporated as Union Match Company, I, 317 village, 587; second razing of, June Union Mine, II, 580 7, 1900 (illustration), II, 592; its Union National Bank, I, 261 lumber industry, II, 594; 1900 fire United States Steel Corporation, I, 410, and two years after (illustration), II, 411, 412, 413 ; Minnesota's largest tax- 596; adopts municipal ownership, 598; payer, 414, 497; II, 542, 548 • banks of, 597, 598; City Hall (also Universal Portland Cement Company illustration), 599; sewage plant and plant, I, 314, 317 4 parks, 599; courthouse (illustration), Upham, J. H., I, 271 600; District Court House, 601; Upper lake region, Jesuit map (1676-71), newspapers of, 602; population, 1892, (illustration), I, 6 1900, 1910, 1920,.602; war record, II, Upper Mississippi discovered, I. 7 602 Utica Mine, II, 547 Virginia Detention Hospital, II, 603 Virginia Electric Power and Water Vail, P. R., I, 385, 386 Company, II, 598 Vanavay, L., I, 359 Virginia enterprise, II, 602 Van Brunt, Walter, I, 121, 123, 148, 189, Virginia Fire Department Relief Asso- 200, 205, 224, 226, 237, 254, 257, 264, ciation, II, 590 296, 307, 322; III, 1241 Virginia Group of Mines, II, 513; ship- Van Buren Township, II, 734 ments in 1919, 585 Van Buskirk, Anthony J., III, 1168 Virginia Hospital, II, 602 Van Buskirk, Marvin, II, 513, 515, 518, Virginia Improvement Company, II, 519 586 Van Buskirk, Marvin V., III, 1167 Virginia Light and Water Company, II, Van Cleve, H. P., II, 612 587, 598 Vanderbilt, Fred W., I, 279 Virginia Lumber Company, II, 594 Vanduzee, H. C„ II, 623 Virginia Silver Mine, II, 738 Van Gorder, H. R., I, 481 Virginia Technical High School (illus- Van Pelt, C. M., I, 424 tration), II, 605 Van Slyke, William R., III, 1170 Virginia and Rainy Lake Lumber Com- Van Tassel, W. E., I, 60 pany, II, 594, 699 Van Vick, Peter J., II, 812 Vivian, George H., I, 336, 391 Vaughan, James P., I, 509 ; III, 1048 Vivian Mine, II, 706 Veale, John W., I, 125 Voorhees, J. V., II, 537 Vealeburg, I, 125 Voss, Fred J., I, 265 Vega Mine, II, 513, 706 Vermilion Boat and Outing Company, Waasa Township, II, 680, 735 I, 379 Wabigan Mines, I. 477, 478 Vermilion County, pioneers of. I, 391 Wacoutah Mine, II, 716 Vermilion Falls Gold Mining Company, Wade Mine, I, 478 I, 348 Walker, Charles, I, 427 Vermilion gold and iron region, I, 179 Walker, J. 0., II, 556 Vermilion Iron Journal, I, 381, 432, 449; Walker, J. W., I, 324 II, 580 Walker, Robert J., I. 67 Vermilion iron ore, discoveries of, I, Walker, T. B., II, 539 351; first year's shipments, I, 363 ; Lee Walker (Jamar) Company, I, 316 and Soudan mines, I, 364 Wall, Peter, III, 1044 Wallace, George W., II, 584 Vermilion Iron and Steel Company, I, Wallace, Richard, I, 391 365 Wallbank, S. S., I, 236 Vermilion Lake: Center of Indian trade, Wallinder, E. G., II, 764 340, 348; II, 672 Wallness, John, I, 74 Vermilion Lake Township, II, 734 Walsh, Robert J., I, 67 Vermilion mining, I, 343 Walsh, Stephen, I, 125 Vermilion Range, I, 182, 242, 250, 258, Walsh, Thomas J., I, 360, 365; III, 1065 340, 394, 415 ; II, 671 Wanless Mine, I, 478 Vermilion Township, II, 735 War Record, Hibbing, II, 567; Virginia, Vermilion Trail (1866), I, 345, 346 602 Vernam, W. D., II, 541 Ward, W. W., I, 2, 65 Vertin, Frank, I, 458 Ware, H. A., I, 308, 378 Warner, A. L., I, 453 Vickers, Joseph T., II, 900 Warren, George H., II, 545 Victoria Mine, II, 580 Warren, Truman, I, 65 Villa Sancta Scholastica, Kenwood, I, Washburn, J. L., I, 309 339 Washburn School, Duluth, I, 337 xxxvi INDEX
Washington Junior High School, III, Whipple, H. P., I, 240 1053 Whipple, John, I, 122 Washington School, Chisholm, I, 509 Whipple, W. J., I, 307 Washington School, Duluth, I, 337 White, E. R. & Company, I, 424 Wasson, Otis, II, 584 White, Harry E., II, 897 Watilo, Andrew, Jr., I, 386 White, Lewis J., I. 387; II, 887 Watrous, I, 65, 93 White, L. H., I, 60 Watrous, John S., I, 56, 97, 135 White, William, I, 453; II, 580, 863 Wattlla, Andrew, Jr., I, 391 White, W. C., I, 279 Wearne, William, II, 545 White Face River, II, 702, 734 Weaver, Roger M., II, 629 White pine mill, largest in the world, Webb, Carlton A., I, 430; III, 1162 I, 304 Webb, Francis J., II, 580 White Township, II, 736 Webb, H., I, 208 Whiteman, Alonzo J., II,. 581 Webb, H. Walter, I, 279 Whiteside, Richard, I, 391 Webb, Richard, III, 1220 Whiteside. Robert B., I, 362, 365, 369, Webb, Walter M., III, 1142 382, 385, 477; II, 761 Webb, W. Seward, I, 279 Whiteside, Robert J., III, 935 Webb Mine, II, 548 Whiteside Mine, I, 478 Webber, Frank R., I, 280; II, 540 Whitesides, William, I. 100, 120 Weber, William W., I, 426. 428, 475; \Vhitford, Robert, I, 359 III, 1163 Whitman, George A., I, 378 ; III, 1218 Webster, C. H., II, 522 Whitney, 0. 0., III, 1202 Webster School, Duluth, I, 337 Whitten. Thomas S., II, 594 Weed, Joe, I, 391 Whittlesey, F. R., I, 450 Weed Mine, I, 486 Whitmore, B. F., I, 133 Weekly Minnesotian, Duluth, I, 228 Whitmore, J. T., I, 133 Weenaas, A., I, 214 Whittaker, Frank, I, 88 Welch, C. 0., I, 458 Whittaker, Fred. I, 84 Welles, George W., II, 832 Wickman, Carl E., III, 1059 Wellner, Gustave A., III, 1006 Wicks, Henry, I, 391 • Wells, Guy, I, 267 Wieland, Albert, I, 305 Weiland, H. P., I, 361 Wieland, Christian, I, 122 Weimer, John B., I, 450; II, 581, 584 Wieland, Ernest, I, 305 Weingast, Jacob, II, 676 Wieland, Henry, I, 305 Weinsierl, A., I, 378 Wieland, Henry P.. I. 305 Wendlandt, Otto J., II, 758 Wildes, Frank A.. I. 415; III, 954 Weinzierl, Mike, I, 385 Wilkins, Alex., II, 614 Weirick, Howard R., II. 917 Willard, John A., I, 279 Weiss, Anton C., II, 842 Willard, Paul D., III. 1209 Wenstrum, Toivo, I, 391 Williams, George I., II, 836 Wertin, John J. E., III, 1184 Williams, G. D., I, 60 West, C. F., I, 282 Williams, John M.. I, 444, 445 West Duluth Blast Furnace Company, Williams, Thomas III, 1236 I, 315 Williams, William D., I, 362 ; II, 772 West Duluth in 1855, I, 97, 113. 276. 282 Williams North Cincinnati Mine, I, 450 West Duluth Incline Railway. I, 277 Willow Valley Township, II, 700, 737 \Vest Duluth Knitting Mills, I, 317 Wills, Mrs. William, II, 556 West Duluth Land Company, I, 278, 279 Wills Mine, I, 454 West Mesabi Mine, I, 497 Wilson, Alonzo, II, 610 West Virginia School, I, 430 Wilson, Arthur 0., III, 1031 Westaway, Philip, I, 267 Wilson, A. E., II. 547 Westbrook, Philip F., III, 1107 Wilson. Charles M., I, 252 Westenholm, J. D., I, 279 Wilson, Charles Z., III, 949 Western Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Wilson, Ella, I. 389 Western Duluth (Fond du Lac), I, 140 Wilson, James S.. I, 116 Western Land Association, I, 63 Wilson, John, I. 80 Wetmore, Charles W., I, 401, 402, 403, -Wilson, Joseph C., I. 99 405 Wilson, Joseph G., I, 95, 114, 115, 116, Wheeler, George E., I, 305, 352. 359, 373 118 Wheeler, Henry W., I, 94, 111, 132, 146, Wilson, Thomas H., I, 447 305, 306 Wilson School, Kinney, I, 483 Wheeler, Julia A., I. 148 Winchell. Horace V., I, 363, 447; II, Wheeler, J. J., I. 445 513, 582 Wheeler, Martyn, I, 305 Winchell, N. H., I, 354, 393 Wheeler, 0. D., I, 197 Winifred Iron Mining Company, II, 545 Wheeler, T. H., I, 376. 378. 391 Winter of 1855-56. I. 109 Wheeler, W. H., I, 95 1AT;nter of 1862-63. I. 161 Whelan, John. I, 359 Winters, Charles, I; 274 INDEX xxxvii
Winton Village, II, 711 Wright and Davis Syndicate, II, 543, Wise, John C., I, 125 548, 549 Wisstar Mine, I, 454 Wright, Davis and Company, II, 727, .Wisstar Mining Company, I, 454 728 Witte, Frederick C., II, 850 Wuori Township, II, 737, 738 Wivell, Thomas, II, 830 Wyoming Iron Company, II, 582 Wolf, Conrad B., III, 1104 Wollin, Charles, I, 455 Yarrick, E. H., I, 490 Wood, John E., I, 211 Yates Mine, I, 477, 478 Woodbridge, Dwight E., II, 664 Yawkey, Cyrus C., II, 522 Woodbridge, William S., I, 211, 212, 244, Yawkey, W. H., II, 585 246, 298 Yawkey Mine (illustration), II, 578 Woodbridge (Mrs.), W. S., I, 298 Ylen, Adolf, II, 684 Woodbridge Mine, I, 478 Yocum, B. G., I, 276 Woodbridge No. 1 Reserve, I, 478 York Mining Company, I, 478 Woodley, Amos, I, 133 Young, Leonard, I, 338 ; II, 790 , Woodruff, Charles B., III, 1100 Young, N. A., II, 751 Woods, A. P., I, 419 Young Ladies' Seminary, Duluth, I, 190 Woolf, John, I, 363 Young Men's Christian Association, Du- Woolfan, Eli S., III, 1020 luth (1870), I, 214 (illustration), 215; World's War : II, 627-658 ; Companies reorganized in Duluth, 264; in Vir- A, C, and E, Third Minnesota In- ginia ; II, 595 fantry, 627; Hospital Unit, Third Minnesota Infantry, 627; Third Min- Zachau, August, I, 68, 87, 88, 305, 345 nesota Infantry, 627; Third Minne- Zacher, F. C. W., II, 694 sota National Guard, 627; Minnesota Zalk, Louis, III, 1143 Home Guard, Third Battalion, 629; Zauft, Emil J., III, 960 Third Liberty Loan Campaign, 629; Zeller, Frank M., II, 674 Home welcome and honor list of St. Zenith Furnace Company, I, 181 (also Louis County soldiers, 630 illustration), 315, 317, 319 World's War Memorial, Chisholm. I, Zenith Magazine, I, 324 504 Zenith Mine, I, 369 Wright, Ammi A., II, 727 Zenith Mining Company, I, 369 Wright, William E., I, 132 Zimmerman, Jacob, I, 252 Wright, W. T., III, 1239 Zimmermann, Walter G., II, 859