Acquisition Eia for Somawhe Estates
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
SOMAWHE ESTATES MPONGWE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT REPORT [ACQUISITION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT] PREAPARED FOR Chobe Agrivision Company Limited | Villa 15, Millenium Village | Birdcage Walk | Longacres Walk | Lusaka | Zambia [2012] Prepared By: Envsol Consult, Box FW238, Lusaka Zambia. Tel: +260 966 780 120. Email: [email protected]. 1 Executive Summary General Agriculture contributes significantly to social and economic development of the country. Statistics show that 80 percent of the population is dependent on agriculture with about 70 percent of the country’s labour force being employed in the sector. However, agricultural production in Zambia is vulnerable to seasonal rainfall variability. Drought occurrences over the past decades have continued to affect agricultural productivity resulting into food insecurity thereby threatening 80 percent of the population. Somawhe, a farm operation with an established irrigation scheme, is located in Nampamba area within the Mpongwe development zone of Mpongwe District in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. Somawhe intends to expand its investment in irrigated agriculture. Exploiting this potential will enable Somawhe to contribute to increased overall national production levels of cash crops such as wheat, maize, and soya beans which are far short of meeting demand at national and regional level. Somawhe’s geographical location in the northern part of Zambia gives it a competitive edge given that this part of the country is near to the equatorial region and less vulnerable to rain variability compared to the southern part. In order to ensure that operations at Somawhe are done in a manner that is environmentally sustainable, an environmental impact assessment study was commissioned. The aim of the study was in broad terms to identify social economic and environmental impacts (positive and negative), extent and significance of these impacts and propose measures to either mitigate or enhance the impacts. In carrying out the study special focus was given to the current operations at Somawhe and identified future developments. Limiting factors to the study included field surveys being done during the period following the rain season covering flora and fauna species encountered excluding the rain season. Page 2 of 227 Impacts and Mitigation/Enhancement Measures None of the negative environmental or social impacts identified relating to operations at Somawhe can be considered critical, irreversible or unprecedented. In general, the overall environmental and social risks were to be manageable and of low significance. The following are the main impacts identified; economic boost at local level, national and international level, Significant economic multiplier effects at the national level, Positive impact on national food security from crop production, Enhanced national fiscal benefits, Employment creation, skills transfer and human resource capacity development, improved household incomes and food security impacts, Improved housing, water supplies and sanitation facilities for employees. To enhance these positive impacts measures proposed included; increasing crop production levels by increasing the land under irrigation invest more in its farm equipment and support infrastructure such as irrigation develop a long term strategic plan for the expansion of its current irrigation scheme develop a human resources development plan and systems to ensure human resources development engaging in social enterprising by developing social economic programmes Negative environmental impacts observed included; soil loss due to inappropriate land use by communities in surrounding areas, Inappropriate disposal of agricultural chemicals and containers Loss of habitat and disturbance to ecosystems due to land clearing The proposed mitigation measures included; Page 3 of 227 embarking on community programmes to educate and raise awareness of communities in surrounding areas to use appropriate methods of farming construct properly designed incineration facilities to avoid air pollution. Preserve vegetation by leaving strips of land within Somawhe that will offer habitat to fauna and act as a reserve to biodiversity in the area. No significant impacts were observed relating to migration and temporary employment effects, unsociable behavior from increased disposable income, casualisation of labour, population density-related disease impacts and occupational health and safety. Outcome It is the opinion of the study team that social economic and environmental impacts resulting from operations at Somawhe can effectively be managed and reduced to acceptable levels as long as proposed mitigation measures are applied. Consequently, the benefits arising from operations of Somawhe as a developmental project outweigh the environmental costs. Page 4 of 227 Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ..................................................................................................................... 13 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 14 1.1 Agriculture and Irrigation Potential ........................................................................................... 14 1.2 Location and Layout ................................................................................................................... 16 1.3 Study Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 17 1.4 Methods and Process of Study ................................................................................................. 18 1.5 Limitations to the EIA Study ..................................................................................................... 20 2. Project Rationale .......................................................................................................................... 21 2.1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Overall Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Project Ownership, Components and Costs ............................................................................. 21 2.3.1 Ownership ............................................................................................................................. 21 2.3.2 Project Components ............................................................................................................. 22 2.3.3 Project Costs ............................................................................................................................ 23 3. Detailed Description of the Project .............................................................................................. 24 3.1 The Project .................................................................................................................................... 24 3.2 Project Area .................................................................................................................................. 24 3.3 Principal Components of the Project ............................................................................................ 24 3.3.1 Existing Components ................................................................................................................. 24 3.3.2 Water impoundment and storage elements ........................................................................ 25 3.3.3 Electrical infrastructure ........................................................................................................ 26 3.3.4 Agricultural storage and management areas ....................................................................... 27 3.3.5 Housing and social infrastructure ......................................................................................... 28 3.3.6 Water delivery and irrigation infrastructure ........................................................................ 31 3.3.7 Planned Project Components ............................................................................................... 32 Page 5 of 227 3.3.8 Natural habitats .................................................................................................................... 35 3.4 Main Project Activities – Operational Phase ............................................................................ 37 3.4.1 Dams, night storage and rising main infrastructure ................................................................ 37 3.4.2 Irrigated lands and irrigation systems ...................................................................................... 37 3.4.3 Agricultural storage facility areas ............................................................................................ 37 3.5 Equipment and Raw Materials Use – Operational Phase ......................................................... 38 3.5.1 Dams and rising main infrastructure ....................................................................................... 38 3.5.2 Agricultural lands and centre pivots ........................................................................................ 38 3.5.3 Chemical Use ........................................................................................................................... 39 3.6 Products