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Round Border COMMONWEALTH Fern COLLECTION Garden Gate River W 1. Protea cyanoides - South Africa alk 2. Strelitzia reginae - South Africa GENERAL INFORMATION 3. Acacia karroo - Zambia Long Pit Glasshouse OPENING HOURS 4. Banksia ericifolia - Australia 32 GROUNDS 7 am to dusk (all year) 5. Wollemia nobilis - Australia 33 31 GLASSHOUSES 10 am - 6 pm (4.15 pm in winter) 30 6. Leptospermum scoparium - CHARGES 29 stairs New Zealand Hopkirk Glasgow City Council maintains a policy of free entry Building 7. Cyathea arborea - Jamaica 28 THE ENQUIRIES OFFICE: is situated behind the main range 27 25 15 and further information may be obtained there. 11 Enquiries 8. Ficus carica - Malta 26 24 23 20 21 22 10 19 Office PHONE: 0141 276 1614 9. Phormium tenax - New Zealand 17 Main Range FAX: 0141 276 1615 18 Glasshouses Curator’s 10. Angraecum podochiloides - 16 14 EMAIL: [email protected] House WEB: glasgowbotanicgardens.com or 13 Private Cameroon 12 www.glasgow.gov.uk/parks 11. Ansellia africana - Zambia 9 GROUPS VISITS: are especially welcome and a guide may be 12. Bowiea volubilis - Kenya Botanic Gardens available if arranged in advance with the Gardens’ Office. 13. Cycas seemannii - Fiji Tea Room DOGS: are allowed in the grounds, but should be kept on a 14. Ficus benjamina - India short leash. Dogs are not permitted in the glasshouses with the Peter exception of guide dogs. 15. Heliconia psittacorum - Walker TRANSPORT: by bus from the City Centre nos. 6, 6a, 6b, Trinidad & Tobago Memorial QUEEN 8, 8a, 10a, and 19. 16. Elettaria cardamomum - Sri Lanka MARGARET By Underground - to Hillhead Station 17. Curcuma longa - Sri Lanka ENTRANCE WEB:www.travelinescotland.com 7 PARKING: there is no parking in the Gardens with the exception 18. Azadirachta indica - India of disabled parking. Unrestricted parking is available in Queen 19. Carica papaya - Belize Disman Margaret Drive and Ford Road. 8 Disabled and 20. Bixa orellana - Jamaica 6 Service Vehicles 21. Cola acuminata - Nigeria tled 1 5 Only 22. Manilkara zapota - Belize 2 4 23. Aglaomorpha drynarioides - 3 COMMONWEALTH R Papua New Guinea ailw 47 COLLECTION 24. Asplenium simplicifrons - ay (V Papua New Guinea en 25. Vittaria elongata - Fiji 26. Rhododendron loranthiflorum - IRELAND NORTHERN CANADA Outdoor Gym Outdoor Solomon Islands ISTAN K 27. Lycopodium phlegmaria - PA Solomon Islands Room Cafe/Tea 28. Begonia longipetiolata - WALES Cameroon SCOTLAND 29. Mimosa pudica - Displays Floral ENGLAND Trinidad & Tobago Picnic Area Picnic 30. Aeschynanthus pulcher - CYPRUS MALAYSIA Malaysia 31. Streptocarpus saxorum - Kenya Area Play 32. Hydnophytum formicarum - ISLANDS SOLOMON Baby Changing Facilities Changing Baby Malaysia GUINEA NEW PAPUA 33. Costus spectabilis - Nigeria NIGERIA 34. Pinus nigra - Cyprus Access Persons Disabled 35. Rosa spp - England BELIZE Public Toilets Public A K 36. Pinus sylvestris - Scotland LAN SRI 37. Corylus avellana - Wales TRINIDAD & TOBAGO & TRINIDAD 38. Cedrus deodara - Pakistan Access Vehicle 39. Alnus orientalis - Cyprus INDIA Pedestrian Only Access Only Pedestrian 40. Alnus rubra - Canada FIJI 41. Alnus glutinosa - Wales ENYA 42. Sorbus arranensis - Scotland K CAMEROON 43. Tsuga heterophylla - Canada Information Useful 44. Quercus ilex - Malta 45. Pinus wallichiana - Pakistan MALTA 46. Quercus robur - England JAMAICA 47. Fraxinus excelsior - ZEALAND NEW Northern Ireland 48. Taxus baccata ‘Fastigiata’ - AUSTRALIA ZAMBIA Northern Ireland SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH The botanical collection of commonwealth plants & 6. Leptospermum scoparium - Manuka/Tea Tree 13. Cycas seemannii - Queen Sago Palm 19. Carica papaya - Papaya trees cover every environment: woodland, desert, the This is a shrub or small tree abundant throughout Named for German naturalist Berthold Carl Seemann Native to the tropics of the Americas it is today, arctic fringes, tropical rainforest, savannah, wetlands, New Zealand. Manuka honey is a mono-floral honey (1825-1871), who first collected the plant. Widespread cultivated globally. It‘s usually eaten raw, without skin meadows, temperate forests and the Mediterranean. produced in New Zealand and Australia from the in the south-west Pacific from Fiji, Tonga West to New or seeds however the black seeds are edible and have Only the Commonwealth can boast of such a variety of nectar of the manuka tree. Caledonia. Usually found on calcareous beach dune a sharp, spicy taste. trees and plants. During the 2014 Commonwealth sands or coral limestone formations. Its native range Games in Glasgow visitors will be able to see much of has been severely reduced and it is now classed as MALTA SCOTLAND MALAYSIA MALAYSIA SOLOMON ISLANDS SOLOMON SCOTLAND NORTHERN IRELAND NORTHERN that diversity at Glasgow Botanic Gardens. PAKISTAN ‘vulnerable’. 1. Protea cynaroides - King Protea 7. Cyathea arborea - West Indian Tree Fern 14. Ficus benjamina - Weeping Fig 20. Bixa orellana - Annatto The Proteaceae is an ancient plant family and this Though not solid wood, the hard trunks are durable These plants are known as banyans, rubber plants or Annatto is used as a culinary spice, food colorant, Protea is the national flower of South Africa. The flowers and resistant to decay and termites. Trunks of tree- figs. Figs are known for their symbiotic (mutually commercial dye, and medicinally. Caribbean natives are pollinated by Scarab and Protea Beetles, various ferns have served as posts, frameworks of houses, beneficial) relationship with tiny wasps. Each species of added it to their dishes for flavour and colour long insects and by birds. Protea cynaroides occurs in fire supports for vanilla plants and other orchids. The Barib fig is inextricably dependent upon one species of wasp before Europeans arrived. However, they also use it in prone vegitation, where natural fires occur every ten to and Karalingo peoples used the stems to preserve and and vice versa. Since the 1950s, Ficus benjamina has cosmetics, fabric dye, body paint, sunscreen and insect thirty years. carry fire, which can be maintained for hours without become a popular indoor plant. repellent. The Aztecs used annatto seeds to intensify TRINIDAD & TOBAGO & TRINIDAD FIJI KENYA WALES WALES ENGLAND NORTHERN IRELAND NORTHERN 2. Strelitzia reginae CANADA smoke or flames. 5. Wollemia nobilis 12. Bowiea volubilis the colour of their chocolate drink. 14. Ficus benjamina 2. Strelitzia reginae - Bird of Paradise 4. Banksia ericifolia - The heath-leaved Banksia. 8. Ficus carica - The Fig 10. Angraecum podochiloides - Comet orchid 15. Heliconia psittacorum - Parrot’s Beak 17. Curcuma longa - Turmeric 21. Cola acuminata - Kola Nut 23. Aglaomorpha drynarioides Angraecum grows in the understory of the rainforest in Native to the eastern Cape of South Africa. It was Only found in New South Wales, Australia and is well- Although native to the Middle East it moved quickly It has enormous medicinal benefits due to its deep shade. It releases the fragrance of its flowers at A native species to Trinidad & Tobago, this tropical In Western culture Kola nuts are known as a flavouring Aglaomorpha is named after Aglaia, one of the graces introduced to european gardens in 1773 when it was known for it’s red and yellow autumnal flowers. It is throughout the Mediterranean. It is known to be one of antioxidant, anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, and night to attract insects. plant has a wide distribution across South America and and source of caffeine in cola drinks, although the use in Greek mythology (aglaios meaning splendid and part of a shipment of horticultural specimens bound for one of the original plants collected by Joseph Banks at the first plants cultivated by humans. It was grown well the Caribbean. It has large red and yellow flowers and antibacterial effects. In 1280, Marco Polo described of it in cola drinks today is rare. It is chewed in many morphe meaning shape). The plant has a spendid the Royal Botanical Garden of King George lll at Kew. before the domestication of wheat, barley and legumes. Botany Bay in 1770. In 1992 it became the official plant 11. Ansellia africana - Leopard orchid. is pollinated by Humming Birds. The flowers are used Turmeric as a vegetable with the properties of saffron. West African cultures to restore vitality and ease hunger shape as, we assume, did aglaia. The plants are Strelitzia reginae was named after the king’s wife Today the common fig is grown for its edible fruit of Sydney. Sucking nectar from Banksia flowers was The Leopard orchid is classified as vulnerable in the heavily in floristry and its leaves are used by bats to Turmeric is a necessary ingredient of curry powder. pains. Kola nuts are an important part of culture and large epiphytes which perch in the tops of trees in the Queen (regina in latin) Charlotte of one way Aboriginal peoples obtained sweetness throughout the temperate world. make their shelters. religion in West Africa, particularly Nigeria. rainforest. CANADA CAMEROON ENGLAND wild, due to illegal harvesting for use as an CYPRUS Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Strelitzia). in their diet. ornamental and destruction of its habitat. 3. Acacia karroo - Sweet Thorn 5. Wollemia nobilis - The Wollemi Pine 9. Phormium tenax - Harakeke, New Zealand Flax 12. Bowiea volubilis - Climbing Onion 16. Elettaria cardamomum - Cardamom 18. Azadiracta indica - Neem Tree 22. Manilkara zapota - Chicle Tree, Sapodilla 24. Asplenium simplifrons The sweet thorn gets its common name from the gum This extremely rare tree was discovered for the first Found throughout New Zealand especially in lowland Bowiea volubilis has an unusual succulent adaptation Cardamom was first imported into Europe around 1300 In the same family as mahogany, neem is native to Long cultivated throughout Central America it was A relative of the popular ‘Birds-nest fern’, but not ` exuded from wounds in the bark. It may be found from time in 1994 by David Noble of the New South Wales swamps. It was cultivated by the Maori for clothing, - climbing inflorescences that harvest photosynthetic BC. It is a pungent aromatic herbaceous perennial India, Burma and Pakistan. Asian culture has known popular with the Aztecs, Maya and other Mesoamerican as large.
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    This PDF version does not have an ISBN or ISSN and is not therefore effectively published (Melbourne Code, Art. 29.1). The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 June 2013. Zhang, X. C., S. G. Lu, Y. X. Lin, X. P. Qi, S. Moore, F. W. Xing, F. G. Wang, P. H. Hovenkamp, M. G. Gilbert, H. P. Nooteboom, B. S. Parris, C. Haufler, M. Kato & A. R. Smith. 2013. Polypodiaceae. Pp. 758–850 in Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2–3 (Pteridophytes). Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. POLYPODIACEAE 水龙骨科 shui long gu ke Zhang Xianchun (张宪春)1, Lu Shugang (陆树刚)2, Lin Youxing (林尤兴)3, Qi Xinping (齐新萍)4, Shannjye Moore (牟善杰)5, Xing Fuwu (邢福武)6, Wang Faguo (王发国)6; Peter H. Hovenkamp7, Michael G. Gilbert8, Hans P. Nooteboom7, Barbara S. Parris9, Christopher Haufler10, Masahiro Kato11, Alan R. Smith12 Plants mostly epiphytic and epilithic, a few terrestrial. Rhizomes shortly to long creeping, dictyostelic, bearing scales. Fronds monomorphic or dimorphic, mostly simple to pinnatifid or 1-pinnate (uncommonly more divided); stipes cleanly abscising near their bases or not (most grammitids), leaving short phyllopodia; veins often anastomosing or reticulate, sometimes with included veinlets, or veins free (most grammitids); indument various, of scales, hairs, or glands. Sori abaxial (rarely marginal), orbicular to oblong or elliptic, occasionally elongate, or sporangia acrostichoid, sometimes deeply embedded, sori exindusiate, sometimes covered by cadu- cous scales (soral paraphyses) when young; sporangia with 1–3-rowed, usually long stalks, frequently with paraphyses on sporangia or on receptacle; spores hyaline to yellowish, reniform, and monolete (non-grammitids), or greenish and globose-tetrahedral, trilete (most grammitids); perine various, usually thin, not strongly winged or cristate.
  • Diversity, Above-Ground Biomass, and Vegetation Patterns in a Tropical Dry Forest in Kimbi-Fungom National Park, Cameroon

    Diversity, Above-Ground Biomass, and Vegetation Patterns in a Tropical Dry Forest in Kimbi-Fungom National Park, Cameroon

    Heliyon 6 (2020) e03290 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Heliyon journal homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon Research article Diversity, above-ground biomass, and vegetation patterns in a tropical dry forest in Kimbi-Fungom National Park, Cameroon Moses N. Sainge a,*, Felix Nchu b, A. Townsend Peterson c a Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 8000, South Africa b Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa c Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Research highlights: This study is one of few detailed analyses of plant diversity and vegetation patterns in African Ecological restoration dry forests. We established permanent plots to characterize plant diversity, above-ground biomass, and vegetation Flora patterns in a tropical dry forest in Kimbi-Fungom National Park, Cameroon. Our results contribute to long-term Environmental assessment monitoring, predictions, and management of dry forest ecosystems, which are often vulnerable to anthropogenic Environmental health pressures. Environmental impact assessment Dry forest Background and objectives: Considerable consensus exists regarding the importance of dry forests in species di- Bamenda highlands versity and carbon storage; however, the relationship between dry forest tree species composition, species rich- Kimbi-Fungom National Park ness, and carbon stock is not well established. Also, simple baseline data on plant diversity are scarce for many dry Carbon forest ecosystems. This study seeks to characterize floristic diversity, vegetation patterns, and tree diversity in Semi-deciduous permanent plots in a tropical dry forest in Northwestern Cameroon (Kimbi-Fungom National Park) for the first Tree composition time.