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04 Nov Dec1986 Friends Enm Tackling a social problem is a lot like riding a bull. You have to stay on top off it< At the Adolph Coors Company we're helping people wrestle with some of today's toughest challenges. In education, business and community life. We're doing it by providing scholarships, minority vendor contracts—even programs I. /: that bring concerts, new shoes and rodeos to inner-city kids. V By getting together with the community we serve, we're doing what the best bullriders do. Staying on top of a F,V difficult situation. And sometimes, just staying on top is winning. Charles Sampson, WqfWChampipi^Bullrider.* ^ * 1986 AdolphCoofBCompany, GoWen. Cototedo80401 :%^-v" ->:^- NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1986 AMERICA'S VOLUME 31, NUMBER 6 LEADING MAGAZINE cflFRICfl ON AFRICA A Publication of the <REPORT African-American Institute Interview Flt.-Lt. Jerry Rawlings, Chairman, The Provisional National Defence Council, Ghana 4 African-American Institute Interviewed by Margaret A. Novicki Chairman West Africa Randolph Nugent Houphouet's Region 9 President By Howard French Donald B. Easum Togo Eyadema's Nightmare 14 By Richard Everett Publisher Frank E. Ferrari Nigeria The Year of the IMF? 18 lvorian Preeminence? Editor By Peter Blackburn Page 9 Margaret A. Novicki Guinea Conte in Control 21 Assistant Editor Paula Hirschoff By Howard Schissel Women Editorial Assistant Josephine Ouedraogo, Minister of Family Affairs Andre Astrow and National Solidarity, Burkina Faso 26 Production Editor Interviewed by Margaret A. Novicki Alana Lee Liberia Art Director A Seven-Cornered Solution? 31 Joe Pomar By Larry James A Tribute to Samora Moises Machel 34 Advertising Manager Update Terry Rosen Women in Burkina Editor: I'aula Hirschoff Intern Page 26 Assistant Editor; Andre Astrow 35 Demetrios Mihailidis Mozambique The Malawi Connection 51 By Allen Isaacman Africa Report (ISSN 0001-9836). a non- partisan magazine of African affairs, is Interview published bimonthly and is scheduled Uenis Sassou-Nguesso, President, the People's Republic of the Congo; to appear at the beginning of each dale period a! 833 United Nations Plaza, Chairman, Organization of African Unity 55 New York, NY. 10017. Editorial corre- Interviewed by Andre Astrow spondence and advertising inquiries should be addressed to Africa Report. Non-Aligned al the above address. Correspon- dence regarding subscriptions, distri- High Hopes in Harare 59 bution, and other business matters By Andrew Meldrum should be sent to Transaction Periodi- cals Consortium, Dept. 8010, Rutgers Press University, New Brunswick, New Jer- sey 03903. Telephone: (201) 932- In Memoriam Joe Thloloe, Features Editor, the Sowetan 63 2280. Subscription rates: Individuals: Interviewed by Margaret A. Novicki U.S.A. $21. Canada $27, air rate over- Page 34 seas $45. Institutions. U.S.A. $28. Canada $34, air rate overseas $52 Kenya Second-class postage paid at New "Hear No Evil" 67 York, NY. and at additional mailing of- By Michael Maren fices. POSTMASTER: If this magazine is undeliverable, please send notice to Africa Report, Transaction Periodicals North Africa Consortium (address above). Tele- Oujda on the Rocks 72 phones: Publisher (212) 949-5719; Ed- itor (212) 949-5731. Copyright <c 1986 By George Henderson by the African-American Institute. Inc. Sudan European Distribution by CLIO Oistn- Sadiq and the South 77 bution Service, 55 St. Thomas' Street. Oxford OX1UG, England. By Carol Berger U.S.A. Newsstand Distribution by FOUR STAR News Distributors, Inc.. Photo Credits: 33-30 57th Street, Woodside, New The cover photo of Fit -LI. Jerry Rawlings and Capt. Thomas Sankara was taken by Penny York 11377. Darko/Ghana Information Services. The photographs of Presidenls Felix Houphouet-Boigny The New OAU and Gnassingbe Eyadema were taken by Camerapix. Special thanks lo Michael Lardner for Page 55 providing typesetting advice on this issue Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega with Flt.-Lt. Jerry Rawlings; "We identify with the struggle of the Nicaraguan people to be a free and sovereign nation even if they are in the backyard of a superpower" Flt.-Lt. Jerry Rawlings Chairman, Provisional National Defence Council, Ghana INTERVIEWED BY MARGARET A. NOVICKI usual." No! The period since December 31, 1981, has cer- tainly not been a "business as usual" period. Many changes Africa Report: It has been nearly five years since you called are taking place in the attitudes of people. There is a growing for "nothing less than a revolution" to transform Ghana's soci- recognition that our economic reality is what we make it, how ety and economy. Have you achieved the transformation in much productivity we generate, how the rewards we expect Ghanaians' attitudes that you sought, and if not, who is to are related to what we have produced, etc. But of course, old blame—you and your government or the Ghanaian people? attitudes remain and what is worse, influential groups in our Rawlings: That call for "nothing less than a revolution" re- society are sometimes manipulated against their own interest mains valid. It is a challenge to the Ghanaian people as well as and into opposing necessary progress. We could have moved the government. A total transformation of Ghana's society further ahead within this period—sometimes we take a couple and economy was needed to reverse the dramatic decline. It of steps forward and then we are pulled back a step. was not to be a coup—the replacement of one set of people But you must not forget that there have been powerful holding political office with another lot, and then "business as forces against us from the beginning, determined that we do Shortly after the coup attempt in Lome, Flt.-Lt. Rawlings answered the Togolese government's charges in an exclusive interview with Africa Report. The Ghanaian leader also comments on his country's troubled relationship with the United States and outlines new initiatives in the political and economic spheres. AFRICA REPORT • November-December 1986 not survive, and they have not stopped. A personal disap- even at the level of nations and cultures, and those who only pointment I have is about how much time I have had to devote search the world for masters and their slaves will not find us! to the issues of our nation's security instead of being out there Africa Report: Your economic recovery program continues with the people, securing the future of our children through a to win you praise from Western donors and creditors, yet massive effort of mobilization for productivity. Significantly criticism from certain sectors of Ghanaian society, i.e. the though, our people themselves have made security their re- unions, which have suggested that you have sacrificed their sponsibility. Our security is not from any elaborate apparatus interests to the IMF. Has your economic program given you we have created—it is from the confidence that we have more headaches than concrete achievements? What advice gained in ourselves as a people, in our ability to create the new would you give other African governments contemplating an Ghana, from our determination to be satisfied with nothing equally rigorous IMF-supported economic reform effort? less than a revolution! Rawlings: It is not advice that we would give to other African Africa Report: Your efforts have come under a lot of scru- governments—they have their own reality and can negotiate tiny—and criticism—from Western observers of varying po- that with as much conscientiousness as we are trying to do. litical persuasions. Some analysts have called Ghana a "split But it is clear to me how important it is for us to exchange personality nation," citing what they perceive as a contradic- ideas, to compare notes on our experiences and not make the tion between your government's capitalist economic policies same mistakes, whether these are mistakes of technical ap- and your staunchly anti-imperialist foreign policy. Leftist ana- preciation or of negotiating strategy, or even of a more politi- lysts have said that you have been won over by the right in cal kind. In dealing with donors, the IMF or what have you, we what they have termed as an internal struggle between social- must remember that they have interests which will need to be ist/Marxist thinkers and "economic pragmatists." Is there any molded to our particular situation. There may even be dogmas truth in either of these analyses? that our practical situation refutes and we need to make for- Rawlings: Shouldn't the analysts and observers be asking eign agencies sensitive to what our reality is. This requires a themselves whether their categories for analyzing us are not constant vigilance as well as close attention to technical detail. defective? For instance, we identify with the struggle of the Loan institutions should not set our priorities, but that is Nicaraguan people to be a free and sovereign nation even if always the danger, and we must admit in all honesty that when they are in the "backyard" of a superpower; we make no our preparatory work has not been as thorough as it should compromises with apartheid in South Africa; we remain true have been, we have sometimes given in to conditionalities that to our foundation membership in the Non-Aligned Movement, we should have thought through more fully. and some observers see this as being anti-West and hence do not understand that we can have economic relations with institutions like the World Bank or the IMF. But this is strange. Many people in the United States support the strug- "The effort of economic recovery can gles of the Nicaraguans and of black South Africans. The be painful given the background of House of Representatives and the Senate have overturned laxity, but these headaches will be President Reagan's veto on the sanctions legislation.
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