C

Caballero, Ricardo J. (1959-) Cabot, Godfrey Lowell (1861-1962) Cabot, Philip (1872-1941) Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1941, Fellow Election: 1936, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Godfrey L. Cabot, Affiliation at election: Harvard University Institute of Technology Inc. Residence at election: Milton, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Company executive; Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Company executive Educator Current affiliation: Same (manufacturing and energy) Cabot, Richard Clarke (1868-1939) Cabezon, Jose I. (1956-) Cabot, James Elliot (1821-1903) Election: 1931, Fellow Election: 2019, Fellow Election: 1866, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Brookline, MA School California, Santa Barbara Residence at election: Brookline, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Career description: Philosopher; Literary Career description: Physician; Educator; Career description: Religion scholar; editor Social worker Educator Current affiliation: Same Cabot, John Moors (1901-1981) Cabot, Samuel (1815-1885) Election: 1963, Fellow Election: 1844, Fellow Cabibbo, Nicola (1935-2010) Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Election: 1981, FHM State Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Universita degli Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Physician; Surgeon; Studi di Roma Career description: Government official; Ornithologist Residence at election: Rome, Italy Diplomat Career description: Physicist; Educator; Cabot, Samuel (1850-1906) Government science agency administrator Cabot, Louis (1837-1914) Election: 1893, Fellow Election: 1891, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brookline, MA Cabot, Arthur Tracy (1852-1912) Affiliation at election: Brookline, MA Residence at election: Brookline, MA Election: 1889, Fellow Residence at election: Brookline, MA Career description: Chemist; Inventor; Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Career description: Architect; Army Businessperson School officer Residence at election: Boston, MA Cabot, Thomas Dudley (1897-1995) Career description: Surgeon; Educator Cabot, Louis Wellington (1921-) Election: 1947, Fellow Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cabot Corporation Cabot, Edward Clarke (1818-1901) Affiliation at election: Godfrey L. Cabot, Residence at election: Weston, MA Election: 1848, Fellow Inc. Career description: Company executive Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Company executive Cabot, William Brooks (1858-1949) Career description: Architect (manufacturing); Research institution Election: 1932, Fellow admi nistrator Affiliation at election: Holbrook, Cabot & Cabot, Frederick Pickering (1868-1932) Current affiliation: Cabot-Wellington, Rollins Corporation, Engineers and Election: 1928, Associate Fellow LLC Contractors, Boston and New York Affiliation at election: Judge Baker Residence at election: Boston, MA Foundation Cabot, Paul Codman (1898-1994) Career description: Civil engineer; Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1963, Fellow Company executive; Naturalist; Explorer Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Affiliation at election: State Street Company executive Investment Corporation; Harvard Cabranes, Jose Alberto (1940-) University Election: 1998, Fellow Cabot, George (1752-1823) Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: U.S. Court of Election: 1788, Fellow Career description: Company executive; Appeals Affiliation at election: Beverly, MA Academic administrator Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Beverly, MA Career description: Lawyer; Jurist Career description: Merchant; U.S. Current affiliation: Same Senator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 90

Cabraser, Elizabeth J. (1952-) Cage, John (1912-1992) Cain, Bruce Edward (1948-) Election: 2011, Fellow Election: 1978, Fellow Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: Lieff Cabraser Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: University of Heimann & Bernstein LLP Residence at election: New York, NY California, Berkeley Residence at election: Santa Rosa, CA Career description: Musician (composer, Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Lawyer music director); Educator Career description: Political scientist; Current affiliation: Same Educator Cahill, Jr., George Francis (1927-2012) Current affiliation: Stanford University Cacciatore, Niccolo (1780-1841) Election: 1980, Fellow Election: 1837, FHM Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Cairncross, Alexander Kirkland (1911- Affiliation at election: Palermo School; Howard Hughes Medical Institute 1998) Observatory Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1974, FHM Residence at election: Palermo, Italy Career description: Physician; Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Astronomer; Physiologist; Educator Oxford Meteorologist; Research institution staff Residence at election: Oxford, England member and administrator Cahill, James Francis (1926-2014) Career description: Economist; Educator; Election: 1976, Fellow Government official; Academic Cacioppo, John Terrance (1951-2018) Affiliation at election: University of administrator Election: 2003, Fellow California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Cairns, Bradley R. (1965-) Chicago Career description: Historian (art); Election: 2017, Fellow Residence at election: Chicago, IL Educator; Museum curator Affiliation at election: University of Utah Career description: Psychologist; Educator Residence at election: Salt Lake City, UT Cahill, Lisa Sowle (1948-) Career description: Molecular geneticist; Cadbury, Henry Joel (1883-1974) Election: 1996, Fellow Cellular biologist; Educator Election: 1942, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston College Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Chestnut Hill, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Theologian; Educator Cairns, Hugh John Forster (1922-2018) Career description: Theologian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Election: 1967, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cold Spring Harbor Cady, Walter Guyton (1874-1974) Cahn, John Werner (1928-2016) Laboratory Election: 1926, Fellow Election: 1975, Fellow Residence at election: Cold Spring Harbor, Affiliation at election: Wesleyan Affiliation at election: Massachusetts NY University Institute of Technology Career description: Microbiologist; Residence at election: Middletown, CT Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Educator; Research institution Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Metallurgist; Educator; administrator Industrial and government agency Caffarelli, Luis Angel (1948-) researcher Cairns, Huntington (1904-1985) Election: 1986, Fellow Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Cahn, Walter (1933-) Affiliation at election: National Gallery of Chicago Election: 2014, Fellow Art Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Lawyer; Art critic; Educator Career description: Historian (art, Political scientist; Educator; Museum Current affiliation: University of Texas at architecture); Medievalist; Educator administrator Austin Current affiliation: Same Cairns, Jr., John (1923-2017) Caflisch, Russel E. (1954-) Cahners, Norman Lee (1914-1986) Election: 1988, Fellow Election: 2012, Fellow Election: 1974, Fellow Affiliation at election: Virginia Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Cahners Publishing Polytechnic Institute and State University California, Los Angeles Company Residence at election: Blacksburg, VA Residence at election: Hermosa Beach, CA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Environmental Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Publisher; Company biologist; Educator; Research institution Editor; Educator; Academic research executive staff member and administrator institution administrator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 91

Cajori, Florian (1859-1930) Calderon de la Barca, Angel (1790-1861) Calkins, Robert DeBlois (1903-1992) Election: 1921, Fellow Election: 1843, Associate Fellow Election: 1964, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Government of Affiliation at election: Brookings California, Berkeley Spain Institution Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Madrid, Spain Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Historian; Career description: Diplomat; Career description: Economist; Educator; Mathematician; Educator; Academic Government official Academic administrator; Foundation administrator executive Caldwell, Robert Granville (1882-1976) Calabresi, Guido (1932-) Election: 1940, Fellow Callahan, Harry Morey (1912-1999) Election: 1972, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1979, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Providence, RI Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Belmont, MA Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Career description: Historian; Educator; Career description: Artist (photographer); Jurist Academic administrator; Diplomat Educator Current affiliation: U.S. Court of Appeals Caldwell, Samuel Hawks (1904-1960) Callan, Curtis G. (1942-) Calame, Kathryn Lee (1940-) Election: 1960, Fellow Election: 1987, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: Columbia Institute of Technology University University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Electrical engineer; Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Immunologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Molecular biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Caldwell, Sarah (1924-2006) Callan, Harold Garnet (1917-1993) Election: 1977, Fellow Election: 1974, FHM Calasso, Roberto (1941-) Affiliation at election: Boston Opera Affiliation at election: University of St. Election: 2000, FHM Company Andrews Affiliation at election: Adelphi Edizioni Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: St. Andrews, S.P.A Career description: Musician (conductor, Scotland Residence at election: Milan, Italy opera producer and administrator); Career description: Zoologist; Educator Career description: Writer (essayist, Educator fiction writer); Publisher Callaway, Edward Matthew (1962-) Current affiliation: Same Calhoun, Robert Lowry (1896-1983) Election: 2012, Fellow Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: Salk Institute for Affiliation at election: Yale University Biological Studies Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Encinitas, CA Career description: Theologian; Historian; Career description: Neurobiologist; Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same Caligny, Anatole François Hüe, Marquis de (1811-1892) Callison, Candis (1971-) Election: 1889, FHM Election: 2019, IHM Affiliation at election: Versailles, France Affiliation at election: University of British Residence at election: Versailles, France Columbia Graduate School of Journalism Alexander Calder, elected 1959. Image donated by Corbis- Career description: Hydraulic engineer; Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Bettmann Inventor Career description: Anthropologist; Calder, Alexander (1898-1976) Educator Election: 1959, Fellow Calisher, Hortense (1911-2009) Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Roxbury, CT Election: 1997, Fellow Residence at election: Roxbury, CT Affiliation at election: New York, NY Calvin, Melvin (1911-1997) Career description: Artist (painter) Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1958, Fellow

Career description: Writer (novelist) Affiliation at election: University of Calderon, Alberto Pedro (1920-1998) California, Berkeley Election: 1958, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Chemist; Educator; Institute of Technology Research institution administrator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Mathematician; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 92

Calvo, Guillermo A. (1941-) Cameron, Sharon (1947-) Campbell, Donald Thomas (1916-1996) Election: 2005, Fellow Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1973, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Affiliation at election: Northwestern Maryland University University Residence at election: College Park, MD Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Residence at election: Evanston, IL Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Language and literary Career description: Psychologist; Educator Current affiliation: Columbia University scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same Campbell, Douglas Houghton (1859- Cam, Helen Maud (1885-1968) 1953) Election: 1950, Fellow Campbell, Albert Angus (1910-1980) Election: 1898, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1961, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Palo Alto, CA Career description: Historian; Educator Michigan Career description: Botanist; Educator Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Camerer, Colin F. (1959-) Career description: Psychologist; Campbell, George Ashley (1870-1954) Election: 2003, Fellow Sociologist; Educator; Research institution Election: 1903, Fellow Affiliation at election: California Institute administrator Affiliation at election: American of Technology Telephone and Telegraph Company Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Campbell, Allan McCulloch (1929-2018) Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Economist; Educator Election: 1971, Fellow Career description: Engineer Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Stanford, CA Campbell, John Y. (1958-) Cameron, Alan D. (1938-2017) Career description: Microbiologist; Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 1979, Fellow Geneticist; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Campbell, Andrea Louise (1966-) Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 2016, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Career description: Language and literary Affiliation at election: Massachusetts scholar; Educator Institute of Technology Campbell, Kevin Peter (1952-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 2006, Fellow Cameron, Alastair Graham Walter Career description: Public policy scholar; Affiliation at election: University of Iowa (1925-2005) Educator Residence at election: Iowa City, IA Election: 1974, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Career description: Physiologist; Affiliation at election: Harvard University Biophysicist; Neurologist; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Campbell, Charles Macfie (1876-1943) Current affiliation: University of Iowa Career description: Astrophysicist; Election: 1921, Fellow Carver College of Medicine Educator; Researcher Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School; Boston Psychopathic Hospital Campbell, Leslie Lyle (1863-1964) Cameron, Charles M. (1954-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1921, Fellow Election: 2014, Fellow Career description: Psychiatrist; Educator; Affiliation at election: Simmons College Affiliation at election: Princeton Hospital administrator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Career description: Physicist; Educator Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Campbell, Clarence Gordon (1868-1956) Career description: Political scientist; Election: 1934, Fellow Campbell, Mary Schmidt (1947-) Educator Affiliation at election: New York, NY Election: 2001, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: New York Career description: Ethnologist; Physician; University Cameron, Edwin (1953-) Writer (nonfiction writer) Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 2016, FHM Career description: Art history and arts Affiliation at election: Constitutional Campbell, Colin Goetze (1935-) policy specialist; Academic and museum Court of South Africa Election: 1994, Fellow administrator Residence at election: Braamfontein, South Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Brothers Current affiliation: Spelman College Africa Fund Career description: Jurist; Government Residence at election: New York, NY Campbell, Jr., Oscar James (1879-1970) official Career description: Lawyer; Academic Election: 1949, Fellow Current affiliation: Same administrator; Foundation executive Affiliation at election: Columbia Current affiliation: Colonial Williamsburg University Foundation Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 93

Campbell, Robert (1937-) Candolle, Alphonse Louis Pierre de Cannon, Jr., Robert Hamilton (1923- Election: 1993, Fellow (1806-1893) 2014) Affiliation at election: Boston Globe Election: 1847, FHM Election: 1990, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Stanford University Career description: Architect; Writer Geneva Residence at election: Stanford, CA Current affiliation: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Geneva, Switzerland Career description: Aerospace engineer; Career description: Botanist; Educator; Educator; Industrial and government Campbell, Thomas P. (1962-) Research institution administrator scientist Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: Metropolitan Cane, David E. (1944-) Cannon, Walter Bradford (1871-1945) Museum of Art Election: 2013, Fellow Election: 1906, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Brown University Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Career description: Museum administrator Residence at election: Providence, RI School (art); Art curator Career description: Chemist; Biochemist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: J. Paul Getty Museum Educator Career description: Physiologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Campbell, William Wallace (1862-1938) Cantley, Lewis Clayton (1949-) Election: 1911, Associate Fellow Cane, Mark Alan (1944-) Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: Lick Observatory Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Residence at election: Mt. Hamilton, CA Affiliation at election: Columbia School Career description: Astronomer; University Residence at election: Boston, MA Observatory administrator; Academic Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Cell biologist; administrator Career description: Oceanographer; Educator Climatologist; Educator; Research Current affiliation: Same institution staff member Current affiliation: Same Cantoni, Giulio Leonardo (1915-2005) Election: 1982, Fellow Canes-Wrone, Brandice (1971-) Affiliation at election: National Institute of Election: 2016, Fellow Mental Health Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Bethesda, MD University Career description: Biochemist; Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Government science administrator Career description: Public policy scholar; Educator Cantor, Charles Robert (1942-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1988, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Canham, Erwin Dain (1904-1982) University Election: 1948, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY

Albert Camus, elected 1959, FHM. Image donated Affiliation at election: Christian Science Career description: Molecular biologist; by Corbis-Bettmann Monitor Biotechnologist; Educator Camus, Albert (1913-1960) Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Sequenom, Inc. Election: 1959, FHM Career description: Writer (journalist); Affiliation at election: Paris, France Company executive (newspaper); Cantor, Harvey (1942-) Residence at election: Paris, France Government official Election: 2010, Fellow Career description: Writer (novelist, Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical playwright, essayist); Press consultant Canizares, Claude Roger (1945-) School; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Election: 2004, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Candès, Emmanuel J. (1970-) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Immunologist; Election: 2014, Fellow Institute of Technology Educator Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Astrophysicist; Career description: Mathematician; Educator; Academic administrator Cantor, Nancy E. (1952-) Statistician; Educator Current affiliation: Same Election: 2000, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Cannadine, David N. (1950-) Michigan Election: 2018, IHM Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Affiliation at election: British Academy Career description: Psychologist; Residence at election: London, England Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Historian; Learned Current affiliation: Syracuse University society administrator; Editor; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 94

Canup, Robin M. (1968-) Capponi, Gino Alessandro Giuseppe Election: 2017, Fellow Gaspardo Marchese (1792-1876) Affiliation at election: Southwest Research Election: 1842, FHM Institute Affiliation at election: Florence, Italy Residence at election: Boulder, CO Residence at election: Florence, Italy Career description: Planetary scientist; Career description: Historian; Research institution scientist Government official Current affiliation: Same Capps, Edward (1866-1950) Cao, Xuetao (1964-) Election: 1918, Fellow Election: 2018, IHM Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: Nankai University; University Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Peking Union Medical College Career description: Classicist; Educator

Residence at election: Nankai Qu, China Benjamin Nathan Cardozo, elected 1933. Image Career description: Immunologist; Carbon, John Anthony (1931-) donated by Corbis-Bettmann Academic administrator; Educator Election: 1986, Fellow Cardozo, Benjamin Nathan (1870-1938) Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1933, Fellow

California, Santa Barbara Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of Capasso, Federico (1949-) Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA the United States Election: 1998, Fellow Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Residence at election: Washington, DC Affiliation at election: Bell Laboratories, Company research staff member Career description: Lawyer; Jurist (U.S. Lucent Technologies Current affiliation: Same Supreme Court) Residence at election: Murray Hill, NJ Career description: Physicist; Industrial Card, David E. (1956-) Carethers, John Michael (1963-) research administrator Election: 1998, Fellow Election: 2016, Fellow Current affiliation: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of

California, Berkeley Michigan Medical School Cape, Ronald Elliot (1932-2015) Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Election: 1993, Fellow Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Gastroenterologist; Affiliation at election: Darwin Molecular Current affiliation: Same Internist; Educator Corporation Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Emeryville, CA Cardona, George (1936-) Career description: Biochemist; Company Election: 1984, Fellow Carew, Thomas James (1944-) executive (biotechnology) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2004, Fellow

Pennsylvania Affiliation at election: University of Capecchi, Mario R. (1937-) Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA California, Irvine Election: 2009, Fellow Career description: Linguist; Educator Residence at election: Irvine, CA Affiliation at election: University of Utah Current affiliation: Same Career description: Neuroscientist; Residence at election: Salt Lake City, UT Educator Career description: Geneticist; Cardoso, Fernando Henrique (1931-) Current affiliation: New York University Developmental biologist; Educator; Election: 1984, FHM Academic and research institution Affiliation at election: Government of Carey, Henry Charles (1793-1879) administrator Brazil Election: 1863, Associate Fellow Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Sao Paulo, Brazil Affiliation at election: Philadelphia, PA

Career description: Sociologist; President Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Cappell, Sylvain (1946-) of Brazil Career description: Economist; Publisher Election: 2018, Fellow Current affiliation: Brown University Affiliation at election: New York Carey, John M. (1964-) University Election: 2012, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Dartmouth College Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Hanover, NH Educator Career description: Political scientist; Current affiliation: Same Editor; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 95

Carey, Peter (1943-) Carlson, Richard Walter (1954-) Carnesale, Albert (1936-) Election: 2003, Fellow Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Hunter College Affiliation at election: Carnegie Institution Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: New York, NY of Washington Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Writer (fiction writer); Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Nuclear weapons and Educator Career description: Geophysicist; Educator public policy scholar; Academic Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Carnegie Institution administrator for Science Current affiliation: University of Carey, Susan E. (1942-) California, Los Angeles Election: 2001, Fellow Carlstrom, John E. (1957-) Affiliation at election: New York Election: 2000, Fellow Carney, Judith A. (1946-) University Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2017, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Chicago Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Psychologist; Educator Residence at election: Chicago, IL California, Los Angeles Current affiliation: Harvard University Career description: Astronomer; Educator Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Agricultural scientist; Carleson, Lennart Axel Edvard (1928-) Educator Election: 1967, FHM Carlyle, Thomas (1795-1881) Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1878, FHM Uppsala Affiliation at election: Chelsea, England Caro, Anthony Alfred (1924-2013) Residence at election: Uppsala, Sweden Residence at election: Chelsea, England Election: 1988, FHM Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Historian; Writer Affiliation at election: London, England Educator (essayist) Residence at election: London, England Current affiliation: Stockholm, Sweden Career description: Artist (sculptor) Carmichael, Leonard (1898-1973) Carlson, Chester Floyd (1906-1968) Election: 1932, Fellow Caro, Robert A. (1935-) Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: Xerox Corporation Residence at election: Providence, RI Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Rochester, NY Career description: Psychologist; Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Inventor; Lawyer Educator; Research institution Career description: Writer (biographer) administrator Current affiliation: Same Carlson, John R. (1955-) Election: 2012, Fellow Carmines, Edward G. (1946-) Caron, Marc G. (1946-) Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 2012, Fellow Election: 2015, Fellow Residence at election: North Haven, CT Affiliation at election: Indiana University Affiliation at election: Duke University Career description: Neurobiologist; Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Residence at election: Durham, NC Molecular biologist; Educator Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Cellular biologist; Current affiliation: Same Educator Neuroscientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Carlson, Loren Daniel (1915-1972) Election: 1969, Fellow Carnap, Rudolf (1891-1970) Carpenter, Frank Morton (1902-1994) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1948, Fellow Election: 1933, Fellow California, Davis Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Davis, CA Chicago Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physiologist; Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Zoologist; Educator; Biophysicist; Educator; Academic Career description: Philosopher; Educator Museum curator administrator Carneiro, Robert L. (1927-) Carpenter, John Alden (1876-1951) Carlson, Marian B. (1952-) Election: 2012, Fellow Election: 1933, Fellow Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: American Museum Affiliation at election: George B. Affiliation at election: Columbia of Natural History Carpenter and Company University Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Anthropologist; Career description: Musician (composer); Career description: Geneticist; Museum curator Company executive Microbiologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 96

Carpenter, Russell LeGrand (1901-1991) Carrasco, David (1947-) Carrington (Right Honorable Lord), Election: 1963, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Peter Alexander Rupert (1919-2018) Affiliation at election: Tufts University Affiliation at election: Harvard Divinity Election: 1990, FHM Residence at election: Medford, MA School Affiliation at election: Christie’s Career description: Zoologist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA International plc Radiobiologist; Educator; Government Career description: Historian (religion); Residence at election: London, England research scientist Educator Career description: Government official; Current affiliation: Same Academic administrator Carpenter, Stephen Russell (1952-) Election: 2006, Fellow Carre, Jean-Marie (1887-1958) Carroll, Dana (1943-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1948, FHM Election: 2017, Fellow Wisconsin, Madison Affiliation at election: Sorbonne Affiliation at election: University of Utah Residence at election: Madison, WI Residence at election: Paris, France School of Medicine Career description: Ecologist; Limnologist; Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Salt Lake City, UT Educator scholar; Educator Career description: Biochemist; Cellular Current affiliation: Same biologist; Educator Carreira, Erick M. (1963-) Current affiliation: Same Carpenter, Thorne Martin (1878-1971) Election: 2017, Fellow Election: 1922, Fellow Affiliation at election: Eidgenössische Carroll, James (1943-) Affiliation at election: Boston Nutrition Technische Hochschule Zürich Election: 1998, Fellow Laboratory Residence at election: Zürich, Switzerland Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Organic chemist; Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Physiologist; Educator Career description: Writer (fiction and Government research scientist Current affiliation: Same nonfiction writer) Current affiliation: Same Carr, Edward Hallett (1892-1982) Carrel, Alexis (1873-1944) Election: 1970, FHM Election: 1914, Fellow Carroll, John Sawyer (1942-2015) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Institute Election: 2003, Fellow Cambridge for Medical Research Affiliation at election: Los Angeles Times Residence at election: Cambridge, England Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Surgeon; Biologist; Career description: Journalist; Editor; Historian; Educator; Government official; Research institution administrator Educator; Company executive Diplomat (newspaper) Carrier, George Francis (1918-2002) Carr, Lucien (1829-1915) Election: 1953, Fellow Carroll, Michael M. (1936-2016) Election: 1881, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Rice University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Engineer; Applied Residence at election: Houston, TX Career description: Anthropologist; mathematician; Educator Career description: Mechanical engineer; Archaeologist; Museum curator Educator; Academic administrator Carrington, Alan (1934-2013) Carr, Raymond (Albert Raymond Election: 1987, FHM Carroll, Sean B. (1960-) Maillard) (1919-2015) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 2004, FHM Oxford Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Oxford, England Wisconsin-Madison Oxford Career description: Chemist; Educator Residence at election: Madison, WI Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Career description: Historian; Educator; Carrington, Paul DeWitt (1931-) Educator; Academic and research Academic administrator Election: 2000, Fellow institution administrator Affiliation at election: Duke University Current affiliation: Same Carr, Robert Kenneth (1908-1979) School of Law Election: 1956, Fellow Residence at election: Durham, NC Carson, Anne (1950-) Affiliation at election: Dartmouth College Career description: Lawyer; Educator Election: 1999, FHM Residence at election: Hanover, NH Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: McGill University Career description: Legal scholar; Political Residence at election: Montreal, Canada scientist; Educator; Academic Career description: Writer (poet); administrator Classicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 97

Carson, Dennis Anthony (1946-) Carter, Gwendolen Margaret (1906- Cartwright, Nancy Delaney (1944-) Election: 1995, Fellow 1991) Election: 2001, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1965, Fellow Affiliation at election: London School of California, San Diego Affiliation at election: Northwestern Economics and Political Science Residence at election: San Diego, CA University Residence at election: London, England Career description: Medical scientist; Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Philosopher; Educator Educator; Academic research agency Career description: Political scientist; Current affiliation: Same member and administrator Educator Current affiliation: University of Carty, John Joseph (1861-1932) California, San Diego School of Medicine Carter, Herbert Edmund (1910-2007) Election: 1915, Fellow Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: American Carson, Hampton Lawrence (1914-2004) Affiliation at election: University of Telephone and Telegraph Company Election: 1978, Fellow Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Urbana, IL Career description: Electrical engineer; Hawaii Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Inventor; Company executive Residence at election: Honolulu, HI Academic administrator Career description: Geneticist; Educator Caruthers, Marvin Harry (1940-) Carter, James Coolidge (1827-1905) Election: 1994, Fellow Cartan, Henri Paul (1904-2008) Election: 1896, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1950, FHM Affiliation at election: New York, NY Colorado Affiliation at election: Université de Paris Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Boulder, CO Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Lawyer Career description: Biochemist; Molecular Career description: Mathematician; biologist; Educator Educator Carter, Jr., James Earl (Jimmy) (1924-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1993, Fellow Carter, Ashton Baldwin (1954-) Affiliation at election: The Carter Center Carver, Thomas Nixon (1865-1961) Election: 1992, Fellow Residence at election: Atlanta, GA Election: 1906, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Naval officer; Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Governor of Georgia; U.S. President; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Defense and arms Author; Educator; Humanitarian Career description: Economist; Educator control scholar; Educator; Government Current affiliation: Same official; U.S. Secretary of Defense Cary, Frank Taylor (1920-2006) Current affiliation: Harvard Kennedy Carter, Marshall N. (1940-) Election: 1989, Fellow School Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: IBM Corporation Affiliation at election: New York Stock Residence at election: Purchase, NY Carter, Jr., Elliott Cook (1908-2012) Exchange Career description: Company executive Election: 1963, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: New York, NY Career description: Company executive Cary, Samuel (1785-1815) Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: NYSE Euronext Election: 1815, Fellow Career description: Musician (composer); Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Educator Carter, Stephen Lisle (1954-) Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1995, Fellow Career description: Clergy member Carter, Emily Ann (1960-) Affiliation at election: Yale University Law Election: 2008, Fellow School Cary, Thomas Greaves (1792-1859) Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: New Haven, CT Election: 1856, Fellow University Career description: Lawyer; Educator Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Bellemead, NJ Current affiliation: Yale Law School Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Chemist; Career description: Businessperson; Mathematician; Educator Cartier-Bresson, Henri (1908-2004) Lawyer Current affiliation: Same Election: 1974, FHM Affiliation at election: Paris, France Cary, William Lucius (1910-1983) Carter, Franklin (1837-1919) Residence at election: Paris, France Election: 1966, Fellow Election: 1889, Fellow Career description: Artist (photographer) Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: Williams College University Residence at election: Williamstown, MA Cartwright, Dorwin Philip (1915-2008) Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Academic Election: 1977, Fellow Career description: Lawyer; Educator administrator; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Michigan Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Psychologist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 98

Casadevall, Arturo (1957-) Case, Jean N. (1959-) Casimir, Hendrik Brugt Gerhard (1909- Election: 2017, Fellow Election: 2016, Fellow 2000) Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Affiliation at election: The Case Election: 1957, FHM Bloomberg School of Public Health Foundation Affiliation at election: Philips Research Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Residence at election: Washington, DC Laboratories Career description: Molecular biologist; Career description: Foundation founder Residence at election: Eindhoven, Educator and executive; Philanthropist; Company Netherlands Current affiliation: Same executive; Businessperson Career description: Physicist; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Company research institution Casagrande, Arthur (1902-1981) administrator Election: 1949, Fellow Case, Ted J. (1947-2015) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 2004, Fellow Caskey, John Langdon (1908-1981) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1980, Fellow Career description: Civil engineer; California, San Diego Affiliation at election: University of Educator Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Cincinnati Career description: Ecologist; Residence at election: Cincinnati, OH Evolutionary biologist; Educator Career description: Classicist; Archaeologist; Educator; Academic Casella, Alfredo (1883-1947) administrator Election: 1930, FHM Affiliation at election: Ars Nova; Caso y Andrade, Alfonso (1896-1970) Accademia Chigiana Election: 1952, FHM Residence at election: Rome, Italy Affiliation at election: National Indian Career description: Musician (composer, Institute conductor, pianist); Educator; Journalist Residence at election: Mexico, D.F., Mexico Casey, Charles Philip (1942-) Career description: Archaeologist; Social Election: 1993, Fellow anthropologist; Museum, research Affiliation at election: University of organization, and government Wisconsin, Madison administrator; Educator

Pablo (Pau Carlos Salvador Defillo de) Residence at election: Madison, WI Casals, elected 1960, FHM. Image Career description: Chemist; Educator Caspar, Donald Louis Dvorak (1927-) donated by Corbis-Bettmann Current affiliation: Same Election: 1972, Fellow Casals, Pablo (Pau Carlos Salvador Affiliation at election: Brandeis University; Defillo de) (1876-1973) Casey, Robert Pierce (1897-1959) Children’s Cancer Research Foundation Election: 1960, FHM Election: 1936, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Conservatory of Affiliation at election: Brown University Career description: Biophysicist; Music of Puerto Rico; Puerto Rico Residence at election: Providence, RI Structural biologist; Educator Symphony Orchestra Career description: Theologian; Educator; Current affiliation: Florida State Residence at election: Prades, Pyrenees Academic administrator University Orientales, France Career description: Musician (cellist, Cash, Jr., James Ireland (1947-) Caspari, Ernst Wolfgang (1909-1988) conductor, composer); Educator; Election: 2011, Fellow Election: 1959, Fellow Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard Business Affiliation at election: Wesleyan School University Case, Anne C. (1958-) Residence at election: Wellesley, MA Residence at election: Middletown, CT Election: 2017, Fellow Career description: Company executive; Career description: Biologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Princeton Educator University Current affiliation: Same Casper, Gerhard (1937-) Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Election: 1980, Fellow Career description: Economist; Educator Cashman, Katharine Venable (1954-) Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Election: 2012, Fellow Chicago Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Chicago, IL Case, Harold Claude (1902-1972) Oregon; University of Bristol, UK Career description: Legal scholar; Election: 1952, Fellow Residence at election: Bristol, England Educator; Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Boston University Career description: Geologist; Current affiliation: Stanford Law School Residence at election: Boston, MA Volcanologist; Educator Career description: Clergy member; Current affiliation: Same Academic administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 99

Caspersson, Torbjorn Oskar (1910-1997) Casteen III, John T. (1943-) Castle, Jr., William Richards (1878- Election: 1971, FHM Election: 2009, Fellow 1963) Affiliation at election: Karolinska Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1932, Fellow Institute; Nobel Institute and Wallenberg Virginia Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of Laboratory Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA State Residence at election: Stockholm, Sweden Career description: Academic Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Physician; Cytologist; administrator; Public official; Literary Career description: Diplomat; Educator; Educator; Research institution scholar; Educator Writer (fiction and nonfiction writer) administrator Current affiliation: Same Castleman, Jr., Albert Welford (1936-) Cass, David (1937-2008) Castellani, Aldo (1877-1971) Election: 1998, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Election: 1939, FHM Affiliation at election: Pennsylvania State Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Royal University of University Pennsylvania Rome; Louisiana State University Medical Residence at election: University Park, PA Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA School Career description: Physical chemist; Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: London, England, Educator and Rome, Italy Current affiliation: Same Cassel, Gustav (Karl Gustav) (1866- Career description: Physician; Educator 1945) Castleman, Benjamin (1906-1982) Election: 1934, FHM Castiglioni, Luigi (1757-1832) Election: 1960, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1786, FHM Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Stockholm; Government of Sweden Affiliation at election: Tuscany, Italy School; Massachusetts General Hospital Residence at election: Stockholm, Sweden Residence at election: Tuscany, Italy Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Economist; Educator; Career description: Government official; Career description: Pathologist; Educator; Journalist; Government official Traveler; Naturalist Hospital administrator

Cassidy, Frederic Gomes (1907-2000) Castle, Edward Sears (1903-1973) Castro, Americo (1885-1972) Election: 1975, Fellow Election: 1948, Fellow Election: 1970, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Princeton Wisconsin, Madison Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Plant physiologist; Residence at election: Madrid, Spain Career description: Language scholar; Educator Career description: Language and literary Linguist; Educator scholar; Educator Castle, Emery Neal (1923-2017) Cassini, Jean Dominique, Comte de Election: 1977, Fellow Caswell, Alexis (1799-1877) (1748-1845) Affiliation at election: Resources for the Election: 1850, Associate Fellow Election: 1788, FHM Future, Inc. Affiliation at election: Brown University Affiliation at election: Paris Observatory Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Providence, RI Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Economist; Educator; Career description: Physical scientist; Career description: Astronomer; Academic and research organization Astronomer; Educator; Company Geodesist; Research institution administrator executive; Academic administrator administrator Castle, William Bosworth (1897-1990) Caswell, Hal (1949-) Castaneda, Hector-Neri (1924-1991) Election: 1931, Fellow Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 1990, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: Woods Hole Affiliation at election: Indiana University School; Boston City Hospital Oceanographic Institution Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Woods Hole, MA Career description: Philosopher; Educator Career description: Physician; Educator; Career description: Ecologist; Research Research institution administrator institution staff member Castaneda, Jorge G. (1953-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2008, FHM Castle, William Ernest (1867-1962) Affiliation at election: New York Election: 1900, Fellow Catalan, Diego Menendez-Pidal (1928- University; Universidad Nacional Affiliation at election: Harvard University 2008) Autonoma de Mexico Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1978, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Zoologist; Geneticist; Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Political scientist; Educator California, San Diego Educator Residence at election: San Diego, CA Current affiliation: New York University Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 100

Cate, Jamie H.D. (1968-) Cauchy (Baron), Augustin Louis (1789- Caves, Richard Earl (1931-) Election: 2017, Fellow 1857) Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1832, FHM Affiliation at election: Harvard University California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: University of Turin Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Structural biologist; Career description: Mathematician; Current affiliation: Same Biochemist; Educator Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Caviness, Madeline Harrison (1938-) Caullery, Maurice Jules Gaston Election: 2007, Fellow Corneille (1868-1958) Affiliation at election: Tufts University Election: 1920, FHM Residence at election: Charlestown, MA Affiliation at election: Faculte des Career description: Art historian; Sciences; Wimereux Marine Laboratory Educator Residence at election: Paris, France Current affiliation: Same Career description: Biologist; Educator; Research institution administrator Caws, Mary Ann (1933-) Election: 2009, Fellow Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca (1922-2018) Affiliation at election: City University of Election: 1970, FHM New York, The Graduate Center Affiliation at election: Universita di Parma Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Pavia, Italy Career description: Literary and art Career description: Geneticist; Educator scholar; Translator; Educator; Academic and research institution administrator

Willa Cather, elected 1943. Image donated by Cavanagh, Clare (1958-) Current affiliation: Same Corbis-Bettmann Election: 2019, Fellow Cather, Willa (1873-1947) Affiliation at election: Northwestern Cayley, Arthur (1821-1895) Election: 1943, Fellow University Election: 1866, FHM Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Evanston, IL Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Writer (literary critic, Cambridge Career description: Writer (fiction writer) essayist); Translator; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, England Current affiliation: Same Career description: Mathematician; Educator; Lawyer Catlin, Marcus (1805-1849)

Election: 1838, Fellow Cavanagh, Richard E. (1946-) Affiliation at election: Hamilton College Election: 2009, Fellow Ceballos González, Gerardo J. (1958-) Residence at election: Clinton, NY Affiliation at election: Harvard Kennedy Election: 2014, FHM Career description: Mathematician; School; Fremont Group Affiliation at election: Universidad Astronomer; Educator Residence at election: Chestnut Hill, MA Nacional Autónoma de México Career description: Company executive Residence at election: Toluca, Mexico (investment, consulting); Academic and Career description: Ecologist; Educator; Cattell, James McKeen (1860-1944) government administrator; Educator Academic research institution scientist Election: 1933, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Science; Scientific

Monthly; American Men of Science Residence at election: New York, NY Cavell, Stanley Louis (1926-2018) Cech, Thomas Robert (1947-) Career description: Psychologist; Election: 1978, Fellow Election: 1988, Fellow Educator; Science editor Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Colorado Career description: Philosopher; Educator Residence at election: Boulder, CO Catterall, William A. (1946-) Career description: Biochemist; Molecular Election: 2000, Fellow biologist; Educator; Research institution Affiliation at election: University of Cavers, David Farquhar (1902-1988) administrator Washington Election: 1955, Fellow Current affiliation: University of Colorado Residence at election: Seattle, WA Affiliation at election: Harvard Law School

Career description: Pharmacologist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Neurobiologist; Educator Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Ceci, Stephen J. (1950-) Current affiliation: Same Academic and research institution Election: 2019, Fellow administrator Affiliation at election: Cornell University Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Catton, Charles Bruce (1899-1978) Career description: Developmental Election: 1966, Fellow psychologist; Educator Affiliation at election: American Heritage Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Journalist; Historian; Editor; Government official Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 101

Cecil (Lord), David (1902-1986) Cerf, Vinton Gray (1943-) Chadwick, Leigh Edward (1904-1975) Election: 1969, FHM Election: 1995, Fellow Election: 1952, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: MCI Affiliation at election: Army Chemical Oxford Telecommunications Corporation Center Residence at election: Oxford, England Residence at election: Reston, VA Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Career description: Language and literary Career description: Computer scientist; Career description: Physiologist; scholar; Educator Company executive Entomologist; Educator; Government (telecommunications) research scientist and administrator Cell, George Croft (1875-1937) Current affiliation: Google Inc. Election: 1932, Fellow Chadwick, Owen (William Owen) (1916- Affiliation at election: Boston University Cerisier, Antoine Marie (1749-1828) 2015) Residence at election: Reading, MA Election: 1789, FHM Election: 1977, FHM Career description: Theologian; Educator Affiliation at election: Government of Affiliation at election: University of France Cambridge Celli, Angelo (1857-1914) Residence at election: Paris, France Residence at election: Cambridge, England Election: 1901, FHM Career description: Historian; Political Career description: Historian; Educator; Affiliation at election: University of Rome commentator; Author; Editor; Journalist Academic administrator Residence at election: Rome, Italy Career description: Physician; Public Ceyer, Sylvia Teresse Aida (1953-) Chafe, William Henry (1942-) health expert Election: 1992, Fellow Election: 2001, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Duke University Celmins, Vija (1939-) Institute of Technology Residence at election: Durham, NC Election: 1998, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Historian; Educator; Affiliation at election: New York, NY Career description: Chemist; Educator Academic administrator Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Career description: Artist (photographer) Current affiliation: Same Chabod, Federico (1901-1960) Chafee, Jr., Zechariah (1885-1957) Election: 1959, FHM Election: 1950, Fellow Ceperley, David M. (1949-) Affiliation at election: Istituto di Studi Affiliation at election: Harvard Law School Election: 1999, Fellow Storici Benedetto Croce Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Naples, Italy Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Career description: Historian; Educator; Civil libertarian Residence at election: Urbana, IL Research institution administrator Career description: Physicist; Educator; Chaffee, Emory Leon (1885-1975) Government and academic research Chabon, Michael (1963-) Election: 1916, Fellow institution staff member Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Physicist; Engineer; Cepko, Constance Louise (1954-) Career description: Writer (novelist) Educator; Research institution Election: 1998, Fellow Current affiliation: Same administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School Chadwick, George Whitefield (1854- Chagas, Carlos (1910-2000) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA 1931) Election: 1970, FHM Career description: Geneticist; Educator Election: 1913, Fellow Affiliation at election: Federal University Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: New England of Rio de Janeiro Medical School Conservatory of Music Residence at election: Rio de Janeiro, Cerami, Anthony (1940-) Residence at election: Boston, MA Brazil Election: 2001, Fellow Career description: Musician (composer); Career description: Biophysicist; Educator Affiliation at election: Kenneth S. Warren Educator; Academic administrator Laboratories Chaikin, Paul M. (1945-) Residence at election: Tarrytown, NY Chadwick, Henry (1920-2008) Election: 2003, Fellow Career description: Biochemist; Medical Election: 1970, FHM Affiliation at election: Princeton scientist; Educator; Research institution Affiliation at election: Christ Church University administrator Residence at election: Oxford, England Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Current affiliation: Same Career description: Historian (religion); Career description: Physicist; Educator Educator Current affiliation: New York University

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 102

Chakrabarty, Dipesh (1948-) Chamberlain, Gary E. (1948-) Chamberlin, Thomas Chrowder (1843- Election: 2004, Fellow Election: 1989, Fellow 1928) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1901, Associate Fellow Chicago Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Economist; Educator Chicago Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Chicago, IL Current affiliation: Same Career description: Geologist; Educator; Chamberlain, John Angus (1927-2011) Academic administrator Chakraborty, Arup K. (1961-) Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: Shelter Island Chambers, Anne Cox (1919-) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Heights, NY Election: 2003, Fellow Institute of Technology Residence at election: Shelter Island Affiliation at election: Atlanta Residence at election: Lexington, MA Heights, NY Newspapers, Inc. Career description: Biological engineer; Career description: Artist (sculptor) Residence at election: Atlanta, GA Chemical engineer; Educator Career description: Company executive Current affiliation: Same Chamberlain, Joseph Perkins (1873- (newspaper); Diplomat 1951) Current affiliation: Cox Enterprises, Inc. Chalfie, Martin (1947-) Election: 1932, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Chambers, John T. (1949-) Affiliation at election: Columbia University Election: 2000, Fellow University Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Cisco Systems, Inc. Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Residence at election: San Jose, CA Career description: Cellular biologist; Research agency administrator Career description: Company executive Geneticist; Educator (computer) Current affiliation: Same Chamberlain, Mellen (1821-1900) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1892, Fellow Chalmers, Bruce (1907-1990) Affiliation at election: Boston Public Chambers, L. Ross (1932-2017) Election: 1955, Fellow Library Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Chelsea, MA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Librarian; Jurist; Michigan Career description: Metallurgist; Educator; Government official; Lawyer; Historian Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Academic administrator Career description: Literary scholar; Chamberlain, Owen (1920-2006) Educator Chalmers, David John (1966-) Election: 1974, Fellow Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chambon, Pierre (1931-) Affiliation at election: Australian National California, Berkeley Election: 1985, FHM University; New York University Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Nuclear physicist; Strasbourg Career description: Philosopher; Cognitive Educator Residence at election: Strasbourg, France scientist; Research institution Career description: Biochemist; Educator; administrator; Educator Chamberlain, Samuel (1895-1975) Research agency administrator Current affiliation: Same Election: 1945, Fellow Current affiliation: Institut Genetique Affiliation at election: Marblehead, MA Biologie Moleculaire Cellulaire Chalmers, Gordon Keith (1904-1956) Residence at election: Marblehead, MA Election: 1955, Fellow Career description: Artist (graphic artist); Chamot, Emile Monnin (1868-1950) Affiliation at election: Kenyon College Writer; Educator Election: 1938, Fellow Residence at election: Gambier, OH Affiliation at election: Cornell University Career description: Language and literary Chamberlin, Edward Hastings (1899- Residence at election: Ithaca, NY scholar; Educator; Academic 1967) Career description: Microscopist and administrator Election: 1936, Fellow sanitary chemist; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Chalmers, Thomas Clark (1917-1995) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Chan, Gerald L. (1951-) Election: 1984, Fellow Career description: Economist; Educator Election: 2017, Fellow Affiliation at election: Mount Sinai School Affiliation at election: The Morningside of Medicine; Mount Sinai Medical Center Chamberlin, Michael John (1937-) Group Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1990, Fellow Residence at election: Newton Center, MA Career description: Physician; Educator; Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Company founder and Academic and hospital administrator; California, Berkeley executive (investment); Foundation Company executive Residence at election: Berkeley, CA founder and executive; Philanthropist Career description: Biochemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same

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Chan, Moses H. W. (1946-) Chandler, James Kenneth (1948-) Chang, Kang-i Sun (1944-) Election: 2004, Fellow Election: 2014, Fellow Election: 2015, Fellow Affiliation at election: Pennsylvania State Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Yale University University Chicago Residence at election: Woodbridge, CT Residence at election: University Park, PA Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Literary critic; Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Literary scholar; Language scholar; Biographer; Educator Current affiliation: Same Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Chan, Ronnie C. (1949-) Chang, Kwang-chih (1931-2001) Election: 2017, Fellow Chandler, Jr., Robert Flint (1907-1999) Election: 1980, Fellow Affiliation at election: Hang Lung Election: 1969, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Properties Limited Affiliation at election: International Rice Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Hong Kong, China Research Institute Career description: Anthropologist; Career description: Company executive Residence at election: Los Banos, Educator (real estate); Foundation founder and Philippines executive; Philanthropist Career description: Agricultural scientist; Chang, Min-Chueh (1908-1991) Current affiliation: Same Educator; Research institution Election: 1956, Fellow administrator Affiliation at election: Worcester Chan, Sunney I. (1936-) Foundation for Experimental Biology; Election: 2010, Fellow Chandler, Jr., Seth Carlo (1846-1913) Boston University Affiliation at election: California Institute Election: 1883, Fellow Residence at election: Shrewsbury, MA of Technology; Academia Sinica, Taiwan Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Physiologist; Educator; Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Observatory Research foundation scientist Career description: Chemist; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Astronomer; Actuary; Chang, Sun-Yung Alice (1948-) Government and academic research Election: 2008, Fellow Chance, Britton (1913-2010) agency staff member Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 1955, Fellow University Affiliation at election: University of Chandrakasan, Anantha P. (1968-) Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Pennsylvania Election: 2019, Fellow Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Educator Career description: Biophysicist; Physical Institute of Technology Current affiliation: Same chemist; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Electrical engineer; Changeux, Jean-Pierre (1936-) Chancellor, John William (1927-1996) Educator Election: 1994, FHM Election: 1993, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Institut Pasteur; Affiliation at election: NBC News Collège de France Residence at election: New York, NY Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan (1910- Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Journalist 1995) Career description: Neurobiologist; Election: 1946, Fellow Educator Chandler, Jr., Alfred Dupont (1918- Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Institut Pasteur 2007) Chicago Election: 1971, Fellow Residence at election: Williams Bay, WI Channing, Edward Perkins (1856-1931) Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Career description: Astrophysicist; Election: 1911, Fellow University Educator; Editor Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Historian; Educator Chang, Christopher J. (1974-) Career description: Historian; Educator Election: 2017, Fellow Chandler, David (1944-2017) Affiliation at election: University of Channing, Edward Tyrrel (1790-1856) Election: 1995, Fellow California, Berkeley Election: 1823, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: Harvard University California, Berkeley Career description: Biochemist; Biological Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Berkeley, CA chemist; Educator Career description: Educator Career description: Chemical physicist; Current affiliation: Same Educator Channing, Henry (1760-1840) Election: 1812, Fellow Affiliation at election: Newport, RI Residence at election: Newport , RI Career description: Clergy member

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Channing, Walter (1786-1876) Chaplin, Winfield Scott (1847-1918) Charlesworth, Brian (1945-) Election: 1818, Fellow Election: 1887, Fellow Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of School Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Chicago Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Engineer; Educator; Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Physician; Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Evolutionary Academic administrator geneticist; Educator Chapman, Alvan Wentworth (1809- Current affiliation: University of Channing, William Ellery (1780-1842) 1899) Edinburgh Election: 1809, Fellow Election: 1866, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Federal Street Affiliation at election: Apalachicola, FL Charney, Jule Gregory (1917-1981) Church, Boston Residence at election: Apalachicola, FL Election: 1957, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Botanist; Physician Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Clergy member Institute of Technology Chapman, Carleton Burke (1915-2000) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Channing, William Francis (1820-1901) Election: 1970, Fellow Career description: Meteorologist; Election: 1849, Fellow Affiliation at election: Dartmouth Medical Educator Affiliation at election: Boston, MA School Residence at election: Boston , MA Residence at election: Hanover, NH Charnov, Eric L. (1947-) Career description: Inventor Career description: Cardiologist; Educator; Election: 2009, Fellow Academic administrator; Foundation Affiliation at election: University of New Chao, Yuen Ren (1892-1982) executive Mexico Election: 1948, Fellow Residence at election: Albuquerque, NM Affiliation at election: University of Chapman, Henry Leland (1845-1913) Career description: Evolutionary ecologist; California, Berkeley Election: 1912, Fellow Educator Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: Bowdoin College Current affiliation: Same Career description: Linguist; Educator Residence at election: Brunswick, ME Career description: Language and literary Charnwood (Baron), Godfrey Rathbone Chapin, Charles Value (1856-1941) scholar; Educator Benson (1864-1945) Election: 1914, Fellow Election: 1929, FHM Affiliation at election: State of Rhode Chapman, Richard Palmer (1905-1988) Affiliation at election: Lichfield, England Island Election: 1965, Fellow Residence at election: Lichfield, England Residence at election: Providence, RI Affiliation at election: New England Career description: Writer (biographer); Career description: Epidemiologist; Public Merchants’ National Bank Government official health official; Educator Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Banker; Company Charpie, Robert Alan (1925-2011) Chapin III, F. Stuart (1944-) executive Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cabot Corporation Affiliation at election: University of Charbonneau, David (1974-) Residence at election: Boston, MA Alaska, Fairbanks Election: 2017, Fellow Career description: Physicist; Research Residence at election: Fairbanks, AK Affiliation at election: Harvard University institution administrator; Company Career description: Ecologist; Botanist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA executive Educator Career description: Planetary scientist; Current affiliation: Same Astronomer; Educator Chartier, Roger (1945-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2016, FHM Chapin, Schuyler Garrison (1923-2009) Affiliation at election: College de France Election: 1999, Fellow Chargaff, Erwin (1905-2002) Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Affiliation at election: New York, NY Election: 1961, Fellow Career description: Historian; Literary Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Columbia scholar; Educator Career description: Cultural organization University Current affiliation: Same and academic administrator Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Biochemist; Educator Chase, George Henry (1874-1952) Chaplin, Joyce E. (1960-) Election: 1912, Fellow Election: 2019, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Archaeologist; Career description: Historian; Educator Educator; Academic administrator; Current affiliation: Same Museum curator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 105

Chase, Merrill Wallace (1905-2004) Chatt, Joseph (1914-1997) Chazelle, Bernard (1955-) Election: 1974, Fellow Election: 1985, FHM Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Affiliation at election: University of Sussex Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Sussex, England University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Chemist; Educator; Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Immunologist; Company research scientist; Government Career description: Computer scientist; Educator research institution administrator Mathematician; Educator Current affiliation: Same Chaskalson, Arthur (1941-2012) Chaudhari, Praveen (1937-2010) Election: 2008, FHM Election: 1999, Fellow Cheadle, Vernon Irvin (1910-1995) Affiliation at election: Constitutional Affiliation at election: IBM T. J. Watson Election: 1956, Fellow Court of South Africa Research Center Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Braamfontein, South Residence at election: Yorktown Heights, California, Davis Africa NY Residence at election: Davis, CA Career description: Lawyer; Jurist Career description: Physical metallurgist; Career description: Botanist; Educator; Company research administrator Academic administrator Chasles, Michel (1793-1880) Election: 1864, FHM Chauncy, Charles (1705-1787) Cheatham, Thomas Edward (1929-2001) Affiliation at election: Sorbonne Election: 1780, Fellow Election: 1975, Fellow Residence at election: Paris, France Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Educator Career description: Clergy member Career description: Computer scientist; Educator Chast, Rosalind (Roz) (1954-) Chauvenet, William (1820-1870) Election: 2013, Fellow Election: 1850, Associate Fellow Cheeger, Jeff (1943-) Affiliation at election: The New Yorker Affiliation at election: U.S. Naval Election: 2006, Fellow Residence at election: Ridgefield, CT Academy Affiliation at election: New York Career description: Artist (cartoonist) Residence at election: Annapolis, MD University Current affiliation: Same Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: New York, NY Astronomer; Educator; Academic Career description: Mathematician; Chastel, Andre Adrien (1912-1990) administrator Educator Election: 1975, FHM Current affiliation: Courant Institute of Affiliation at election: Collège de France Chavez, Carlos (1899-1978) Mathematical Sciences, New York Residence at election: Paris, France Election: 1959, FHM University Career description: Historian and critic Affiliation at election: National Institute of (art); Educator; Academic administrator Fine Arts Cheetham, Anthony K. (1946-) Residence at election: Mexico City, Mexico Election: 2014, Fellow Chastellux, François Jean, Marquis de Career description: Musician (composer, Affiliation at election: The Royal Society (1734-1788) conductor); Educator; Academic Residence at election: London, England Election: 1781, FHM administrator Career description: Materials scientist; Affiliation at election: Government of Learned society administrator France Chayes, Abram (1922-2000) Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Paris, France Election: 1962, Fellow Career description: Military officer; Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of Cheever, David (1876-1955) Author State Election: 1930, Fellow Residence at election: Washington, DC Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Chatfield-Taylor, Adele (1945-) Career description: Lawyer; Educator; School; Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Election: 1996, Fellow Government official Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: American Academy Career description: Surgeon; Educator in Rome Chayes, Jennifer Tour (1956-) Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 2014, Fellow Cheever, David Williams (1831-1915) Career description: Arts administrator; Affiliation at election: Microsoft Research Election: 1889, Fellow Historic preservationist New England Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA School Career description: Computer scientist; Residence at election: Boston, MA Research institution founder and Career description: Physician; Surgeon; administrator; Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 106

Cheever, Francis Sargent (1909-1997) Chen, Zhu (1953-) Cherington, Charles Richards (1913- Election: 1969, Fellow Election: 2017, FHM 1967) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Shanghai Institute Election: 1952, Fellow Pittsburgh of Hematology Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Pittsburgh, PA Residence at election: Shanghai, China Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Microbiologist; Career description: Hematologist; Career description: Political scientist; Educator; Academic administrator Research institution scientist Educator Current affiliation: Same Cheever, John (1912-1982) Cherlin, Andrew J. (1948-) Election: 1966, Fellow Chenault, Kenneth Irvine (1951-) Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: Ossining, NY Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Residence at election: Ossining, NY Affiliation at election: American Express University Career description: Writer (novelist, short Company Residence at election: Baltimore, MD story writer) Residence at election: Hempstead, NY Career description: Sociologist; Ca reer description: Company executive Demographer; Educator Chemerinsky, Erwin (1953-) Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chenea, Paul Franklin (1918-1996) Chern, Shiing Shen (1911-2004) California, Irvine School of Law Election: 1963, Fellow Election: 1963, Fellow Residence at election: Irvine, CA Affiliation at election: Purdue University Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Law scholar Residence at election: Lafayette, IN California, Berkeley (constitutional law); Educator Career description: Mechanical and Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Current affiliation: Same electrical engineer; Educator; Academic Career description: Mathematician; administrator; Company research Educator Chen, Gang (1954-) scientist and administrator Election: 2018, Fellow Cherniss, Harold Fredrik (1904-1987) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Chenery, Hollis Burnley (1918-1994) Election: 1958, Fellow Institute of Technology Election: 1965, Fellow Affiliation at election: Institute for Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: U.S. Agency for Advanced Study Career description: Mechanical engineer; International Development Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Nanoscientist; Educator Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Classicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Career description: Economist; Educator; Government official; Company executive Chernoff, Herman (1923-) Chen, Lincoln Chih-ho (1942-) (international banking) Election: 1974, Fellow Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Cheney, Dorothy L. (1950-2018) Residence at election: Stanford, CA Foundation Election: 1999, Fellow Career description: Statistician; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Harvard University Career description: Public health and Pennsylvania policy expert; Educator; Academic Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Chernozhukov, Victor (1974-) administrator; Foundation executive Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Election: 2016, Fellow Current affiliation: China Medical Board Animal behavioralist; Educator Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Chen, Steve S. (1944-) Cheng, Yifan (1962-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1991, Fellow Election: 2019, Fellow Career description: Economist; Educator Affiliation at election: Supercomputer Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Systems, Inc. California, San Francisco Residence at election: Eau Claire, WI Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Chetty, Raj (1979-) Career description: Computer scientist; Career description: Structural biologist; Election: 2014, Fellow Company executive Government research scientist; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Current affiliation: Tonbu, Inc. Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Public economist; Chen, Xiaohong (1965-) Chen Yi (1953-) Educator Election: 2019, Fellow Election: 2005, Fellow Current affiliation: Stanford University Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New Haven, CT Missouri-Kansas City Career description: Econometrician; Residence at election: Kansas City, MO Educator Career description: Musician (composer; Current affiliation: Same violinist); Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 107

Chevalier, Judith (1968-) Child, Francis James (1825-1896) Chinnaiyan, Arul M. (1969-) Election: 2006, Fellow Election: 1855, Fellow Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Michigan Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Current affiliation: Yale School of scholar; Educator Career description: Clinical pathologist; Management Urologist; Educator; Academic research Child, Julia (1912-2004) institution administrator; Research Chevreul, Michel Eugene (1786-1889) Election: 2000, Fellow institution scientist Election: 1868, FHM Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Museum of Natural Residence at election: Cambridge, MA History Career description: Chef; Television Chipman, Daniel (1765-1850) Residence at election: Paris, France personality (cooking); Author Election: 1812, Fellow Career description: Chemist; Educator; Affiliation at election: Middlebury College Research institution administrator Childress, James Franklin (1940-) Residence at election: Middlebury, VT Election: 1988, Fellow Career description: Lawyer; Member, U.S. Chew, Geoffrey Foucar (1924-2019) Affiliation at election: University of House of Representatives; Educator Election: 1966, Fellow Virginia Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Chipman, John (1897-1983) California, Berkeley Career description: Theologian; Election: 1948, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Biomedical ethicist; Educator Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Chi, Michelene T.H. (1950-) Childs, Barton (1916-2010) Career description: Engineer; Metallurgist; Election: 2016, Fellow Election: 1974, Fellow Educator Affiliation at election: Arizona State Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins University University School of Medicine Chipman, John Somerset (1926-) Residence at election: Tempe, AZ Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Election: 1979, Fellow Career description: Education specialist; Career description: Physician; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Educator Minnesota Current affiliation: Same Childs, Brevard Springs (1923-2007) Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Election: 1994, Fellow Career description: Economist; Educator Chiang, Eugene (1973-) Affiliation at election: Yale University Current affiliation: Same Election: 2019, Fellow Residence at election: New Haven, CT Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Theologian; Educator Chisholm, Malcolm Harold (1945-2015) California, Berkeley Election: 2004, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Chillida, Eduardo (1924-2002) Affiliation at election: Ohio State Career description: Theoretical Election: 1993, FHM University astrophysicist; Educator Affiliation at election: San Sebastian, Spain Residence at election: Columbus, OH Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: San Sebastian, Spain Career description: Chemist; Educator Career description: Artist (sculptor) Chiang, Yee (1903-1977) Chisholm, Roderick Milton (1916-1999) Election: 1956, Fellow Chilton, Mary-Dell Matchett (1939-) Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Election: 1993, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University University Affiliation at election: Ciba-Geigy Residence at election: Providence, RI Residence at election: New York, NY Corporation Career description: Philosopher; Educator Career description: Writer; Calligrapher; Residence at election: Research Triangle Educator; Museum curator Park, NC Chisholm, Sallie Watson (1947-) Career description: Microbiologist; Election: 1992, Fellow Chien, Shu (1931-) Geneticist; Company executive and Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 2006, Fellow researcher Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Novartis Ag Residence at election: Cambridge, MA California, San Diego Biotechnology Career description: Biological Residence at election: La Jolla, CA oceanogr apher; Educator Career description: Engineer; Educator Chinard, Gilbert (1881-1972) Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Election: 1949, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 108

Chittenden, Russell Henry (1856-1943) Choper, Jesse Herbert (1935-) Chow, Ven Te (1919-1981) Election: 1912, Fellow Election: 1983, Fellow Election: 1976, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New Haven, CT California, Berkeley, Boalt Hall School of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Law Residence at election: Urbana, IL Academic administrator Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Civil and hydraulic Career description: Lawyer; Educator; engineer; Educator Cho, Alfred Yi (1937-) Academic administrator Election: 1989, Fellow Current affiliation: University of Chowdhry, Uma (1947-) Affiliation at election: AT&T Bell California, Berkeley, School of Law Election: 2003, Fellow Laboratories Affiliation at election: DuPont Residence at election: Murray Hill, NJ Choppin, Purnell Whittington (1929-) Engineering Career description: Electrical engineer; Election: 1988, Fellow Residence at election: Wilmington, DE Company research administrator Affiliation at election: Howard Hughes Career description: Engineer; Company Current affiliation: Summit, NJ Medical Institute research administrator Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Current affiliation: E. I. Du Pont de Choate, Joseph Hodges (1832-1917) Career description: Virologist; Physician; Nemours & Company Election: 1900, Associate Fellow Research institution administrator; Affiliation at election: New York, NY Educator Chowning, John MacLeod (1934-) Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: Same Election: 1988, Fellow Career description: Lawyer; Diplomat Affiliation at election: Stanford University Choquet -Bruhat, Yvonne (1923-) Residence at election: Stanford, CA Choate, Rufus (1799-1859) Election: 1985, FHM Career description: Musician; Educator Election: 1854, Fellow Affiliation at election: Université de Paris Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Paris, France Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Mathematician; Christ, Carol Tecla (1944-) Career description: Lawyer; U.S. Senator; Educator Election: 2004, Fellow Member, U.S. House of Representatives Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Smith College Residence at election: Northampton, MA Chobanian, Aram V. (1929-) Chorin, Alexandre Joel (1938-) Career description: Language and literary Election: 2007, Fellow Election: 1991, Fellow scholar; Educator; Academic Affiliation at election: Boston University Affiliation at election: University of administrator Residence at election: Natick, MA California, Berkeley Current affiliation: Same Career description: Physician; Academic Residence at election: Berkeley, CA administrator; Educator Career description: Mathematician; Christ, F. Michael (1955-) Current affiliation: Same Educator Election: 2007, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Chodorow, Marvin (1913-2005) California, Berkeley Election: 1972, Fellow Chory, Joanne (1955-) Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: Stanford University Election: 1998, Fellow Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Stanford, CA Affiliation at election: Salk Institute for Educator Career description: Physicist; Educator; Biological Studies Current affiliation: Same Academic research institution Residence at election: La Jolla, CA administrator Career description: Plant biologist; Christakis, Nicholas Alexander (1962-) Educator Election: 2017, Fellow Chomsky, Avram Noam (1928-) Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 1963, Fellow Residence at election: New Haven, CT Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Chow, Rey (1957-) Career description: Sociologist; Educator Institute of Technology Election: 2016, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Duke University Career description: Linguist; Philosopher; Residence at election: Durham, NC Christensen, Halvor Niels (1915-2003) Educator; Social and political critic Career description: Language and literary Election: 1952, Fellow Current affiliation: Same scholar; Educator Affiliation at election: Tufts University Current affiliation: Same School of Medicine Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Biochemist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 109

Christian, Henry Asbury (1876-1951) Chu, Paul Ching-Wu (Ching-Wu Paul) Election: 1913, Fellow (1941-) Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Election: 1989, Fellow School; Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Boston, MA Houston Career description: Physician; Educator Residence at election: Houston, TX Career description: Physicist; Educator Christiansen, Keith (1950-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: Metropolitan Chu, Steven (1948-) Museum of Art Election: 1992, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Stanford University Career description: Museum curator Residence at election: Stanford, CA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Winston Churchill, elected 1946, FHM. Christ-Janer, Arland Frederick (1922- Image donated by Corbis-Bettmann 2008) Church, Alonzo (1903-1995) Churchill, Winston (1874-1965) Election: 1968, Fellow Election: 1960, Fellow Election: 1946, FHM Affiliation at election: Boston University Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: Government of Residence at election: Boston, MA University Great Britain Career description: Academic Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: London, England administrator Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Prime Minister of the Philosopher; Educator United Kingdom; Historian; Author Christodoulou, Demetrios (1951-) Election: 2001, Fellow Church, Frederic Edwin (1826-1900) Churchland, Patricia Smith (1943-) Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 1863, Associate Fellow Election: 2015, Fellow University Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: New York, NY California, San Diego Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Artist (painter) Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Educator Caree r description: Neurophilosopher; Current affiliation: Eidgenössische Church, Thomas Dolliver (1902-1978) Professional society administrator; Technische Hochschule Zürich Election: 1978, Fellow Educator Affiliation at election: San Francisco, CA Current affiliation: Same Christopher, Warren (1925-2011) Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Election: 1988, Fellow Career description: Landscape architect Cialdini, Robert B. (1945-) Affiliation at election: O’Melveny & Myers Election: 2018, Fellow LLP Churchill, Edward Delos (1895-1972) Affiliation at election: Influence at Work; Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Election: 1948, Fellow Arizona State University Career description: Lawyer; U.S. Secretary Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Residence at election: Tempe, AZ of State School Career description: Psychologist; Residence at election: Boston, MA Company founder and executive; Christy, Robert Frederick (1916-2012) Career description: Surgeon; Educator Educator Election: 1969, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: California Institute of Technology Ciardi, John Anthony (1916-1986) Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Election: 1953, Fellow Career description: Physicist; Educator; Affiliation at election: Harvard University Academic administrator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Writer (poet, literary Chu, Lan Jen (1913-1973) critic); Educator; Editor Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Cicchetti, Dante (1948-) Institute of Technology Election: 2015, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Electrical engineer; Minnesota Educator Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Career description: Developmental psychopathologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 110

Cicerone, Ralph John (1943-2016) Clagett, Marshall (1916-2005) Clark, Andrew G. (1954-) Election: 1991, Fellow Election: 1956, Fellow Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Cornell University California, Irvine Wisconsin, Madison Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Residence at election: Irvine, CA Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Population geneticist; Career description: Atmospheric chemist; Career description: Historian; Educator Educator Academic administrator; Educator Current affiliation: Same Clap, Elisha (1776-1830) Cicourel, Aaron Victor (1928-) Election: 1811, Fellow Clark, Benjamin Preston (1860-1939) Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: Sandwich Academy Election: 1920, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Sandwich, MA Affiliation at election: B.C. Clark & California, San Diego Career description: Educator; Academic Company; Cohasset Water Company Residence at election: San Diego, CA administrator Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Sociologist; Cognitive Career description: Lepidopterist; scientist; Educator Clapham, David E. (1952-) Company executive; Diplomat; Current affiliation: University of Election: 2000, Fellow Government official California, San Francisco Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School; Children’s Hospital, Boston Clark, Charles Manning Hope (1915- Ciechanover, Aaron Judah (1947-) Residence at election: Boston, MA 1991) Election: 2008, FHM Career description: Cell biologist; Election: 1988, FHM Affiliation at election: Technion-Israel Biophysicist; Educator Affiliation at election: Australian National Institute of Technology Current affiliation: Children’s Hospital, University Residence at election: Haifa, Israel Boston Residence at election: Canberra, Australia Career description: Biochemist; Educator Career description: Historian; Political Current affiliation: Same Clapp, Margaret Antoinette (1910-1974) scientist; Educator Election: 1952, Fellow Cigarroa, Francisco G. (1957-) Affiliation at election: Wellesley College Clark, David D. (1944-) Election: 2011, Fellow Residence at election: Wellesley, MA Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Texas Career description: Historian; Educator; Affiliation at election: Massachusetts System Academic administrator Institute of Technology Residence at election: San Antonio, TX Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Academic Clardy, Jon Christel (1943-) Career description: Computer scientist; administrator; Pediatric surgeon Election: 1995, Fellow Academic research institution staff Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Cornell University member Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Current affiliation: Same Cipolla, Carlo Manlio (1922-2000) Career description: Chemist; Chemical Election: 1978, FHM biologist; Educator Clark, Dean Alexander (1905-1982) Affiliation at election: University of Pavia; Current affiliation: Harvard Medical Election: 1954, Fellow University of California, Berkeley School Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Pavia, Italy General Hospital; Harvard Medical Career description: Economist; Historian; Clark, Alvan (1804-1887) School Educator Election: 1862, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physician; Educator; Clack, Jennifer Alice (1947-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Government research scientist and Election: 2009, FHM Career description: Artist (painter, administrator; Hospital administrator Affiliation at election: University of engraver); Astronomer; Instrument Cambridge maker Clark, Elizabeth Ann (1938-) Residence at election: Royston Herts, Election: 1997, Fellow England Clark, Alvan Graham (1832-1897) Affiliation at election: Duke University Career description: Vertebrate Election: 1881, Fellow Residence at election: Durham, NC paleontologist; Educator; Curator; Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Historian (religion); Academic research institution Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Educator administrator Career description: Astronomer; Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Instrument maker Clark, George Bassett (1827-1891) Claflin, Jr., William Henry (1893-1981) Election: 1878, Fellow Election: 1947, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Belmont, MA Career description: Astronomer; Career description: Academic Instrument maker administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 111

Clark, George Norman (1890-1979) Clark, James Samuel (1957-) Clark, Kenneth Mackenzie (1903-1983) Election: 1950, FHM Election: 2005, Fellow Election: 1964, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Duke University Affiliation at election: Kent, England Oxford Residence at election: Durham, NC Residence at election: Kent, England Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Plant ecologist; Career description: Historian (art); Career description: Historian; Educator; Educator Educator; Museum and academic Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same administrator

Clark, George Whipple (1928-) Clark, John Bates (1847-1938) Clark, Margaret S. (1952-) Election: 1962, Fellow Election: 1916, Fellow Election: 2015, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: Yale University Institute of Technology University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Social psychologist; Career description: Physicist; Astronomer; Career description: Economist; Educator Professional organization administrator; Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same Clark, John Desmond (J. Desmond) Current affiliation: Same (1916 -2002) Clark, Grenville (1882-1967) Election: 1965, Fellow Clark, Paul Foster (1892-1973) Election: 1964, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1949, Fellow Affiliation at election: Dublin, NH California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: John Hancock Residence at election: Dublin, NH Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Mutual Life Insurance Company Career description: Lawyer; Peace and civil Career description: Anthropologist; Residence at election: Boston, MA rights activist Archaeologist; Educator; Museum Career description: Insurance specialist; administrator Company executive Clark, Helen E. (1950-) Election: 2018, IHM Clark, John Grahame Douglas (1907- Clark, Ramsey (1927-) Affiliation at election: Global Commission 1995) Election: 1971, Fellow on Drug Policy Election: 1961, FHM Affiliation at election: Paul, Weiss, Residence at election: Auckland, New Affiliation at election: University of Goldberg, Rifkind, Wharton, & Garrison Zealand Cambridge Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: United Nations Residence at election: Cambridge, England Career description: Lawyer; U.S. Attorney administrator; Prime Minister of New Career description: Archaeologist; General; Political activist Zealand Educator; Academic administrator Current affiliation: New York, NY Current affiliation: Same Clark, John Maurice (1884-1963) Clark, Robert Charles (1944-) Clark, Henry James (1826-1873) Election: 1934, Fellow Election: 1991, Fellow Election: 1856, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: Harvard Law School Affiliation at election: Harvard University University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Career description: Zoologist; Botanist; Career description: Economist; Educator Academic administrator Educator Current affiliation: Same Clark, Joseph Sill (1901-1990) Clark, Herbert Horace (1940-) Election: 1965, Fellow Clark, Samuel Delbert (1910-2003) Election: 1982, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Senate Election: 1976, FHM Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Lawyer; U.S. Senator; Toronto Career description: Psychologist; Educator Legislator Residence at election: Toronto, Canada Current affiliation: Same Career description: Sociologist; Educator Clark, Kenneth Bancroft (1914-2005) Clark, James H. (1944-) Election: 1969, Fellow Clark, Thomas Edwards (-1921) Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: City University of Election: 1858, Fellow Affiliation at election: Shutterfly New York; Metropolitan Applied Affiliation at election: Williams College Residence at election: Mountain View, CA Research Center Residence at election: Williamstown, MA Career description: Computer scientist; Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Chemist; Physician; Company founder and executive Career description: Psychologist; Educator Educator Current affiliation: Silicon Graphics, Inc.

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 112

Clark, Timothy James (1943-) Clarke, Bryan Campbell (1932-2014) Clarke, John (1943-) Election: 1992, Fellow Election: 2004, FHM Election: 2015, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Nottingham California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Nottingham, Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Historian (art); England Career description: Physicist; Educator Educator Career description: Geneticist; Ecologist; Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Educator Clarke, John Mason (1857-1925) Clark, Walter Eugene (1881-1960) Clarke, Edmund Melson (1945-) Election: 1915, Fellow Election: 1920, Fellow Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: State of New York; Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Carnegie Mellon University of the State of New York Chicago University Residence at election: Albany, NY Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Pittsburgh, PA Career description: Paleontologist; Career description: Language scholar; Career description: Computer scientist; Educator; Museum administrator Educator; Academic administrator Engineer; Educator Current affiliation: Same Clarke, Joseph Thacher (1856-1920) Clark, William Arthur V. (1938-) Election: 1884, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Clarke, Edward Hammond (1820-1877) Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1865, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA California, Los Angeles Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Archaeologist; Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Residence at election: Boston, MA Historian; Businessperson Career description: Geographer; Career description: Physician; Author Demographer; Educator Clarke, Samuel Fessenden (1851-1928) Current affiliation: Same Clarke, Eliot Channing (1845-1921) Election: 1895, Fellow Election: 1887, Fellow Affiliation at election: Williams College Clark, William Bullock (1860-1917) Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Williamstown, MA Election: 1916, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Zoologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Career description: Civil engineer; University Company executive Clary, David Charles (1953-) Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Election: 2003, FHM Career description: Geologist; Educator; Clarke, George Leonard (1905-1987) Affiliation at election: University of Academic administrator Election: 1952, Fellow Oxford Affiliation at election: Harvard University; Residence at election: Oxford, England Clark, William Irving (1879-1958) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Career description: Chemist; Educator Election: 1942, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Norton Company; Career description: Biologist; Educator Harvard Medical School Claude, Albert (1899-1983) Residence at election: Worcester, MA Clarke, Hans Thacher (1887-1972) Election: 1971, FHM Career description: Physician; Educator; Election: 1965, Fellow Affiliation at election: Free University of Company executive Affiliation at election: Columbia Brussels University College of Physicians and Residence at election: Brussels, Belgium Clark, William Smith (1826-1886) Surgeons; Children’s Hospital, Boston Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Election: 1868, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Academic research institution Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Biological chemist; administrator Agricultural College Educator; Company research scientist Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Claudel, Paul Louis Charles Marie Career description: Educator; Academic Clarke, James Freeman (1810-1888) (1868-1955) administrator; Botanist; Army officer Election: 1879, Fellow Election: 1932, FHM Affiliation at election: Church of the Affiliation at election: Government of Clarke, Adrienne Elizabeth (1938-) Disciples, Boston France Election: 1998, FHM Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Washington, DC Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Clergy member Career description: Diplomat; Writer Melbourne (playwright, poet, essayist) Residence at election: Melbourne, Clarke, John (1755-1798) Australia Election: 1780, Fellow Career description: Plant geneticist; Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Educator; Academic research institution Residence at election: Boston, MA administrator; Government official Career description: Clergy member Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 113

Clausen, Jens Christian (1891-1969) Clay, Henry (1883-1956) Claytor, Jr., William Graham (1912- Election: 1949, Fellow Election: 1939, FHM 1994) Affiliation at election: Carnegie Institution Affiliation at election: Bank of England Election: 1991, Fellow of Washington Residence at election: Kenley, Surrey, Affiliation at election: National Railroad Residence at election: Stanford, CA England Passenger Corporation Career description: Botanist; Educator; Career description: Economist; Educator; Residence at election: Washington, DC Research institution staff member Government official Career description: Lawyer; Company executive Clausen, John Adam (1914-1996) Clay, Lucius Dubignon (1897-1978) Election: 1989, Fellow Election: 1958, Fellow Cleave, Mary Louise (1947-) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Continental Can Election: 2017, Fellow California, Berkeley Company Affiliation at election: National Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: New York, NY Aeronautics and Space Administration Career description: Psychologist; Career description: Army officer; Residence at election: Annapolis, MD Sociologist; Educator; Research institution Company executive Career description: Environmental administrator engineer; Government research agency Clayton, Donald Delbert (1935-) administrator Clausen, Wendell Vernon (1923-2006) Election: 2000, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Election: 1963, Fellow Affiliation at election: Clemson University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Clemson, SC Cleaveland, Parker (1780-1858) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Astrophysicist; Election: 1809, Associate Fellow Career description: Classicist; Educator Educator; Writer Affiliation at election: Bowdoin College Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Brunswick, ME Clauser, Francis Hettinger (1913-2013) Career description: Mineralogist; Educator Election: 1959, Fellow Clayton, Henry Helm (1861-1946) Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Election: 1893, Fellow Clegg, Michael Tran (1941-) University Affiliation at election: U.S. Weather Election: 1992, Fellow Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Bureau Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Aeronautical engineer; Residence at election: Milton, MA California, Riverside Educator Career description: Meteorologist; Residence at election: Riverside, CA Research institution staff member; Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Clauser, Milton Ure (1913-1980) Government research administrator Geneticist; Educator Election: 1967, Fellow Current affiliation: University of Affiliation at election: Lincoln Laboratory Clayton, Robert Norman (1930-2017) California, Irvine Residence at election: Lexington, MA Election: 1978, Fellow Career description: Aeronautical engineer; Affiliation at election: University of Cleland, Herdman Fitzgerald (1869- Educator; Company research scientist and Chicago 1935) executive; Research institution Residence at election: Chicago, IL Election: 1911, Fellow and academic administrator Career description: Chemist; Educator Affiliation at election: Williams College Residence at election: Williamstown, MA Clausius, Rudolph Julius Emmanuel Clayton, Roderick Keener (1922-2011) Career description: Geologist; Educator (1822-1888) Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 1873, FHM Affiliation at election: Cornell University Cleland, Ralph Erskine (1892-1971) Affiliation at election: University of Bonn Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Election: 1946, Fellow Residence at election: Bonn, Germany Career description: Biophysicist; Plant Affiliation at election: Indiana University Career description: Physicist; Educator biologist; Educator Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Career description: Botanist; Educator; Clawson, Marion (1905-1998) Clayton, William Lockhart (1880-1966) Academic administrator Election: 1978, Fellow Election: 1948, Fellow Affiliation at election: Resources for the Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of Cleland, William Wallace (1930-2013) Future, Inc. State Election: 1977, Fellow Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Washington, DC Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Agricultural Career description: Company executive; Wisconsin, Madison economist; Research institution Government official Residence at election: Madison, WI administrator; Foundation executive Career description: Biochemist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 114

Clemence, Gerald Maurice (1908-1974) Clifford, Harry Ellsworth (1866-1952) Clinton, DeWitt (1769-1828) Election: 1955, Fellow Election: 1902, Fellow Election: 1816, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Navy Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Washington, DC Institute of Technology Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Astronomer; Residence at election: Newton, MA Career description: Governor of New Observatory administrator Career description: Electrical engineer; York; Lawyer Educator; Academic administrator Clements, John Allen (1923-) Clinton, George Perkins (1867-1937) Election: 2002, Fellow Clifford, James (1945-) Election: 1914, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: Connecticut California, San Francisco Affiliation at election: University of Agricultural Experiment Station Residence at election: San Francisco, CA California, Santa Cruz Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Biochemist; Educator Residence at election: Santa Cruz, CA Career description: Botanist; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Career description: Historian; Educator Government agency researcher Current affiliation: Same Cleveland, Don W. (1950-) Clinton, Hillary Rodham (1947-) Election: 2006, Fellow Clifford, John Henry (1809-1876) Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1859, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of California, San Diego Affiliation at election: New Bedford, MA State Residence at election: Del Mar, CA Residence at election: New Bedford, MA Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Molecular biologist; Career description: Lawyer; Governor of Career description: U.S. Secretary of State; Biochemist; Educator Massachusetts; Businessperson U.S. Senator; First Lady; Lawyer Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Clifton, Chalmers Dancy (1889-1966) Cleveland, Lemuel Roscoe (1892-1969) Election: 1932, Fellow Clinton, William Jefferson (1946-) Election: 1929, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical University Affiliation at election: William J. Clinton School Residence at election: New York, NY Foundation Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Musician (conductor); Residence at election: Chappaqua, NY Career description: Zoologist; Educator Educator Career description: U.S. President; Governor of Arkansas; Lawyer; Author; Clevers, Johannes Carolus (1957-) Clifton, Lucille Thelma (1936-2010) Humanitarian Election: 2012, FHM Election: 1999, Fellow Current affiliation: Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: St. Mary’s College Clinton Foundation Utrecht; Royal Netherlands Academy of of Maryland Arts and Sciences Residence at election: St. Mary’s City, MD Clive, John Leonard (1924-1990) Residence at election: Huis ter Heide, Career description: Writer (poet, Election: 1974, Fellow Netherlands children’s literature); Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Molecular geneticist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Academic research institution Clifton, Rodney James (1937-) Career description: Historian; Educator administrator; Educator Election: 2005, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Brown University Clore, G. Marius (1955-) Residence at election: Providence, RI Election: 2010, Fellow Clifford, Charles Warren (1844-1923) Career description: Mechanical and Affiliation at election: National Institute of Election: 1918, Fellow materials engineer; Educator Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Affiliation at election: St. Luke’s Hospital Current affiliation: Same Diseases Residence at election: New Bedford, MA Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Career description: Lawyer; Banker; Cline, Thomas Warren (1946-) Career description: Biophysicist; Government official; Diplomat Election: 1994, Fellow Biochemist Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Clifford, Clark McAdams (1906-1998) California, Berkeley Election: 1989, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Clore, Gerald L. (1939-) Affiliation at election: Clifford & Warnke Career description: Molecular biologist; Election: 2010, Fellow Residence at election: Washington, DC Educator Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Lawyer; Government Current affiliation: Same Virginia official; Company executive Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Career description: Psychologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 115

Close, Chuck (1940-) Coate, Stephen T. (1957-) Cobb, John Candler (1858-1933) Election: 1998, Fellow Election: 2017, Fellow Election: 1932, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Cornell University Affiliation at election: Cobb & Company Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Residence at election: Milton, MA Career description: Artist (painter) Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Company executive; Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Civic leader

Closs, Gerhard Ludwig (1928-1992) Coates, Geoffrey W. (1966-) Cobb, Melanie H. (1949-) Election: 1975, Fellow Election: 2011, Fellow Election: 2019, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Cornell University Affiliation at election: University of Texas Chicago Residence at election: Lansing, NY Southwestern Medical Center Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Chemist; Educator Residence at election: Dallas, TX Career description: Chemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Career description: Biochemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Cloud, Jr., Preston Ercelle (1912-1991) Coates, Ta-Nehisi (1975-) Election: 1969, Fellow Election: 2018, Fellow Cobb, Stanley (1887-1968) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: The Atlantic; New Election: 1922, Fellow California, Santa Barbara York University Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Residence at election: Washington, DC School Career description: Geologist; Educator; Career description: Journalist; Writer Residence at election: Ponkapoag, MA Research institution administrator (essayist, cultural critic, comic book Career description: Neuropsychiatrist; author) Educator Clough, Gerald Wayne (1941-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2010, Fellow Coblentz, William K. (1922-2010) Affiliation at election: Smithsonian Coatsworth, John Henry (1940-) Election: 2002, Fellow Institution Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: Coblentz, Patch, Residence at election: Washington, DC Affiliation at election: Harvard University Duffy & Bass, LLP Career description: Civil engineer; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Museum administrator Career description: Historian; Educator; Career description: Lawyer; Nonprofit Current affiliation: Same Academic research agency administrator institution leader Current affiliation: Columbia University Clover, Carol J. (1940-) Cochran, Thomas Childs (1902-1999) Election: 1996, Fellow Cobb, David (1748-1830) Election: 1971, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1780, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: Taunton, MA Pennsylvania Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Taunton, MA Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Language and literary Career description: Government official; Career description: Historian; Educator scholar; Educator Jurist; Army officer Current affiliation: Same Cochran, William Gemmell (1909-1980) Cobb, Henry Nichols (1926-) Election: 1971, Fellow Clurman, Harold Edgar (1901-1980) Election: 1984, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1965, Fellow Affiliation at election: I. M. Pei & Partners; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: New York, NY Harvard University Design School Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: New York, NY Statistician; Educator Career description: Theatrical director; Career description: Architect Writer (drama critic) Current affiliation: Pei Cobb Freed & Cochrane, Edward Lull (1892-1959) Partners Election: 1949, Fellow Coale, Ansley Johnson (1917-2002) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1970, Fellow Cobb, Jr., John B. (1925-) Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 2014, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Affiliation at election: Claremont School Career description: Naval officer and Residence at election: Princeton, NJ of Theology engineer; Educator; Academic Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: Claremont, CA administrator Career description: Philosopher; Coase, Ronald Harry (1910-2013) Theologian; Environmentalist; Educator Election: 1978, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Economist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 116

Cockcroft, John Douglas (1897-1967) Coffee, Jr., John Collins (1944-) Coggeshall, George Whitely (1867-1944) Election: 1950, FHM Election: 1997, Fellow Election: 1941, Fellow Affiliation at election: British Ministry of Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: S. D. Warren Supply University School of Law Company Residence at election: Harwell, England Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator; Career description: Lawyer; Educator Career description: Chemist; Company Government agency research Current affiliation: Columbia Law School research administrator administrator Coffin, Frank Morey (1919-2009) Cogswell, Joseph Green (1786-1871) Cocke, John (1925-2002) Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 1816, Associate Fellow Election: 1986, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Court of Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: IBM T. J. Watson Appeals Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Research Center Residence at election: Portland, ME Career description: Librarian; Educator Residence at election: Yorktown Heights, Career description: Lawyer; Member, U.S. NY House of Representatives; Jurist Cohen, Carolyn (1929-2017) Career description: Computer scientist; Election: 1980, Fellow Company research staff member Coffin, John Huntington Crane (1815- Affiliation at election: Brandeis University 1890) Residence at election: Waltham, MA Cockrell, Ernest H. (1945-) Election: 1851, Associate Fellow Career description: Biophysicist; Educator Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Navy Affiliation at election: Cockrell Interests, Residence at election: Washington, DC Cohen, Cathy J. (1962-) Inc.; Cockrell Foundation Career description: Mathematician; Naval Election: 2018, Fellow Residence at election: Houston, TX officer; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Foundation and Chicago company executive Coffin, Robert Peter Tristram (1892- Residence at election: Chicago, IL Current affiliation: Same 1955) Career description: Political scientist; Election: 1949, Fellow Educator Codd, Edgar Frank (1923-2003) Affiliation at election: Bowdoin College Current affiliation: Same Election: 1994, Fellow Residence at election: Brunswick, ME Affiliation at election: Relational Institute Career description: Writer (poet, essayist); Cohen, David K. (1935-) Residence at election: North Miami Beach, Educator Election: 2013, Fellow FL Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Computer scientist; Coffman, George Raleigh (1880-1958) Michigan Company research staff member Election: 1946, Fellow Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Affiliation at election: University of North Career description: Education specialist; Code, Alan D. (1951-) Carolina at Chapel Hill Educator Election: 2013, Fellow Residence at election: Chapel Hill, NC Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Stanford University Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Kensington, CA scholar; Educator Cohen, Deborah A. (1968-) Career description: Philosopher; Educator Election: 2018, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Cogan, David Glendenning (1908-1993) Affiliation at election: Northwestern Election: 1949, Fellow University Code, Arthur Dodd (1923-2009) Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Residence at election: Evanston, IL Election: 1979, Fellow School; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Career description: Historian; Writer Affiliation at election: University of Infirmary (nonfiction, essayist); Educator Wisconsin, Madison Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Physician; Educator; Career description: Astrophysicist; Research institution administrator Cohen, Fred E. (1956-) Educator Election: 2008, Fellow Cogan, Jr., John Francis (1926-) Affiliation at election: Texas Pacific Coetzee, John M. (1940-) Election: 2005, Fellow Group; University of California, San Election: 1991, FHM Affiliation at election: Pioneer Investment Francisco Affiliation at election: University of Cape Management USA, Inc. Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Town Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Molecular biologist; Residence at election: Cape Town, South Career description: Lawyer; Company Biochemist; Company executive; Africa executive (investment) Educator Career description: Writer (novelist); Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Educator Current affiliation: University of Adelaide

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 117

Cohen, Georges N. (1920-) Cohen, Marshall H. (1926-) Cohen, Stanley (1922-) Election: 1987, FHM Election: 1992, Fellow Election: 1984, Fellow Affiliation at election: Institut Pasteur; Affiliation at election: California Institute Affiliation at election: Vanderbilt Centre National de la Recherche of Technology University Scientifique Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Residence at election: Nashville, TN Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Astronomer; Educator Career description: Biochemist; Educator Career description: Molecular biologist; Current affiliation: Pasadena, CA Current affiliation: Brentwood, TN Educator; Research institution staff member and administrator Cohen, Marvin Lou (1935-) Cohen, Stanley Norman (1935-) Current affiliation: Institut Pasteur Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Stanford University Cohen, I. Bernard (1914-2003) California, Berkeley Residence at election: Stanford, CA Election: 1952, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Geneticist; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Stanford School of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Medicine Career description: Historian (science); Educator Cohen, Morris (1911-2005) Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude Nessim Election: 1950, Fellow (1933-) Cohen, Jerome Alan (1930-) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1992, FHM Election: 1969, Fellow Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Collège de France Affiliation at election: Harvard Law School Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Paris, France Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Metallurgist; Educator Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Lawyer; Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: New York University Cohen, Paul Joseph (1934-2007) School of Law Election: 1964, Fellow Cohn, Bernard Samuel (1928-2003) Affiliation at election: Stanford University Election: 1998, Fellow Cohen, Joel Ephraim (1944-) Residence at election: Stanford, CA Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1989, Fellow Career description: Mathematician; Chicago Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Educator Residence at election: Chicago, IL University Career description: Anthropologist; Residence at election: New York, NY Cohen, Ralph (1917-2016) Historian; Educator Career description: Population biologist; Election: 1984, Fellow Applied mathematician; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Cohn, Dorrit (1924-2012) Current affiliation: Same Virginia Election: 2000, Fellow Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Cohen, Joshua (1951-) Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 2002, Fellow scholar; Educator Career description: Language and literary Affiliation at election: Massachusetts scholar; Educator Institute of Technology Cohen, Robert E. (1947-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 2015, Fellow Cohn, Edwin Joseph (1892-1953) Career description: Political scientist; Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1926, Fellow Philosopher; Educator Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Current affiliation: Stanford University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA School Career description: Chemical engineer; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Cohen, Leonard Norman (1934-2016) Educator Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Election: 2011, FHM Current affiliation: Same Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Montreal, Canada Residence at election: Montreal, Canada Cohen, Saul Gerald (1916-2010) Cohn, Marjorie Benedict (1939-) Career description: Musician (singer, Election: 1956, Fellow Election: 1994, Fellow songwriter); Novelist; Poet Affiliation at election: Brandeis University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Waltham, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Cohen, Lizabeth (1952-) Career description: Chemist; Educator Career description: Historian (fine arts); Election: 2012, Fellow Museum curator and administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Cohen, Seymour Stanley (1917-2018) Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Belmont, MA Election: 1963, Fellow Career description: Historian; Academic Affiliation at election: University of administrator; Educator Pennsylvania Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Biochemist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 118

Cohn, Melvin (1922-2018) Colding, Tobias (1963-) Cole, Julian David (1925-1999) Election: 1980, Fellow Election: 2008, Fellow Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: Salk Institute for Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: University of Biological Studies Institute of Technology California, Los Angeles Residence at election: San Diego, CA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Molecular biologist; Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Applied Microbiologist; Research institution staff Educator mathematician; Educator member Current affiliation: Same Cole, Kenneth Stewart (1900-1984) Cohn, Mildred [elected as Mildred Cohn Cole, Arthur Harrison (1889-1974) Election: 1964, Fellow Primakoff] (1913-2009) Election: 1928, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Institutes Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University of Health Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Pennsylvania School of Medicine Career description: Historian; Educator; Career description: Biophysicist; Educator; Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Librarian Government research scientist and Career description: Biochemist; Educator administrator Cole, Charles Woolsey (1906-1978) Cohn, Waldo E. (1910-1999) Election: 1948, Fellow Cole, Michael (1938-) Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: Amherst College Election: 1981, Fellow Affiliation at election: Oak Ridge National Residence at election: Amherst, MA Affiliation at election: University of Laboratory Career description: Historian; Educator; California, San Diego Residence at election: Oak Ridge, TN Academic administrator Residence at election: San Diego, CA Career description: Biochemist; Career description: Psychologist; Government research scientist Cole, Henri (1956-) Educator; Academic research institution Election: 2010, Fellow administrator Cohon, Jared Leigh (1947-) Affiliation at election: Ohio State Current affiliation: Same Election: 2012, Fellow University Affiliation at election: Carnegie Mellon Residence at election: Columbus, OH Cole, Robert Hugh (1914-1990) University Career description: Writer (poet); Election: 1951, Fellow Residence at election: Pittsburgh, PA Educator Affiliation at election: Brown University Career description: Civil engineer; Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Providence, RI Governmental advisor; Academic Career description: Chemist; Educator administrator; Educator Cole, Johnnetta Betsch (1936-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1997, Fellow Cole, Robert Taylor (1905-1991) Affiliation at election: Spelman College Election: 1965, Fellow Coifman, Ronald Raphael (1941-) Residence at election: Atlanta, GA Affiliation at election: Duke University Election: 1994, Fellow Career description: Anthropologist; Residence at election: Durham, NC Affiliation at election: Yale University Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Political scientist; Residence at election: New Haven, CT Current affiliation: National Museum of Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Mathematician; African Art Educator Cole, Rufus (1872-1966) Current affiliation: Same Cole, Jonathan J. (1953-) Election: 1921, Fellow Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Institute Colacurcio, Michael J. (1936-) Affiliation at election: Cary Institute of for Medical Research Election: 2007, Fellow Ecosystem Studies Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Millbrook, NY Career description: Physician; Hospital California, Los Angeles Career description: Ecologist administrator Residence at election: Sherman Oaks, CA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Literary scholar; Cole, Thomas (1779-1852) Educator Cole, Jonathan Richard (1942-) Election: 1843, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: Salem, MA Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Salem, MA Colburn, Warren (1793-1833) University Career description: Educator; Naturalist Election: 1827, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Merrimac Career description: Sociologist; Educator; Coleman, James Samuel (1926-1995) Manufacturing Company Academic administrator Election: 1966, Fellow Residence at election: Lowell, MA Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Career description: Educator; Company University executive Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Career description: Sociologist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 119

Coleman, James Smoot (1919-1985) Coley, Phyllis D. (1952-) Collet, Leon William (1880-1957) Election: 1966, Fellow Election: 2006, Fellow Election: 1929, FHM Affiliation at election: Makerere Affiliation at election: University of Utah Affiliation at election: University of University Residence at election: Salt Lake City, UT Geneva Residence at election: Kampala, Uganda Career description: Ecologist; Residence at election: Geneva, Switzerland Career description: Political scientist; Evolutionary biologist; Educator Career description: Geologist; Educator; Research institution Current affiliation: Same Paleontologist; Educator administrator Colgate, Stirling Auchincloss (1925- Collier, Abram Thurlow (1913-2008) Coleman, Lewis W. (1942-) 2013) Election: 1966, Fellow Election: 2002, Fellow Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: John Hancock Affiliation at election: Gordon & Betty Affiliation at election: Los Alamos Mutual Life Insurance Company Moore Foundation Scientific Laboratory Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Residence at election: Los Alamos, NM Career description: Lawyer; Company Career description: Company executive Career description: Physicist; Research executive (insurance) (banking and investment); Foundation institution staff member executive Collier, David (1942-) Current affiliation: Los Angeles, CA Colin de Verdiere, Yves (1945-) Election: 2004, Fellow Election: 2004, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Coleman, Mary Sue (1943-) Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Election: 2001, Fellow Grenoble Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: University of Iowa Residence at election: Grenoble, France Career description: Political scientist; Residence at election: Iowa City, IA Career description: Mathematician; Educator Career description: Academic Educator Current affiliation: Same administrator; Biochemist; Educator Current affiliation: Université Joseph Current affiliation: University of Fourier Collier, Robert John (R. John) (1938-) Michigan Election: 1993, Fellow Collado, Emilio Gabriel (1910-1995) Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Coleman, Sidney Richard (1937-2007) Election: 1959, Fellow School Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: Standard Oil Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Company of New Jersey Career description: Microbiologist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Biochemist; Educator; Academic Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Economist; administrator Government official; Company executive Current affiliation: Same Coleman, Jr., William Thaddeus (1920- 2017) Collar, William Coe (1833-1916) Collier, Ruth Berins (1942-) Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1889, Fellow Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: O’Melveny & Myers Affiliation at election: Roxbury Latin Affiliation at election: University of LLP School California, Berkeley Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Lawyer; Government Career description: Academic Career description: Political scientist; agency administrator administrator Educator Current affiliation: Same Coles, James Stacy (1913-1996) Collens, Charles (1873-1956) Election: 1958, Fellow Election: 1933, Fellow Collins, Eduard Albert Christoph Affiliation at election: Bowdoin College Affiliation at election: Allen, Collens & Ludwig (“Sir Edward”) (1791-1840) Residence at election: Brunswick, ME Willis, Boston Election: 1834, FHM Career description: Oceanographer; Residence at election: Newton Center, MA Affiliation at election: St. Petersburg, Physical chemist; Educator; Academic Career description: Architect; Company Russia administrator; Foundation executive executive Residence at election: St. Petersburg, Russia Coles, Robert (Martin Robert) (1929-) Coller, Barry Spencer (1945-) Career description: Mathematician; Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 2005, Fellow Educator; School administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Career description: Psychiatrist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: Harvard Medical Career description: Physician; Medical School scientist; Educator; Hospital and academic administrator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 120

Collins, Francis Sellers (1950-) Collip, James Bertram (1892-1965) Colton, Timothy J. (1947-) Election: 1998, Fellow Election: 1952, FHM Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Human Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Genome Research Institute Western Ontario Residence at election: Wellesley, MA Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Residence at election: London, Canada Career description: International affairs Career description: Molecular geneticist; Career description: Biochemist; Educator; scholar; Educator Research administrator; Educator Academic and research institution Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: BioLogos Foundation administrator Colwell, Rita R. (1934-) Collins, Frank Shipley (1848-1920) Collman, James Paddock (1932-) Election: 2002, Fellow Election: 1901, Fellow Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Science Affiliation at election: Malden Rubber Affiliation at election: Stanford University Foundation; University of Maryland Shoe Company Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Arlington, VA Residence at election: Malden, MA Career description: Chemist; Educator Career description: Government research Career description: Botanist; Company Current affiliation: Same agency and academic administrator; executive Microbiologist; Marine biologist; Colombo, Giuseppe (1920-1984) Educator Collins, James Joseph (1965-) Election: 1983, Fellow Current affiliation: Canon U.S. Life Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Padua; Sciences, Inc. Affiliation at election: Boston University Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Residence at election: Newton, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Colwell, Robert K. (1943-) Career description: Bioengineer; Educator Career description: Mechanical engineer; Election: 2011, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Space scientist; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Connecticut Collins, John J. (1946-) Colombo, Umberto (1927-2006) Residence at election: Storrs, CT Election: 2018, Fellow Election: 1990, FHM Career description: Ecologist; Affiliation at election: Yale Divinity Affiliation at election: Italian National Evolutionary biologist; Educator School Agency for Nuclear and Alternative Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: New Haven, CT Energy Sources Career description: Biblical scholar; Residence at election: Rome, Italy Colwell, Robert P. (1954-) Editor; Educator Career description: Chemist; Research Election: 2012, Fellow Current affiliation: Same institution administrator Affiliation at election: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Collins, Judith Marjorie (1939-) Colowick, Sidney Paul (1916-1985) Residence at election: Portland, OR Election: 2015, Fellow Election: 1969, Fellow Career description: Computer Scientist; Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Vanderbilt Engineer; Research institution Residence at election: New York, NY University School of Medicine administrator; Inventor Career description: Musician (singer, Residence at election: Nashville, TN Current affiliation: Same songwriter); Humanitarian Career description: Microbiologist; Current affiliation: Same Biochemist; Educator Comaroff, Jean (1946-) Election: 1995, Fellow Collins, Randall (1941-) Colson, Elizabeth Florence (1917-2016) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 1978, Fellow Chicago Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Chicago, IL Pennsylvania California, Berkeley Career description: Anthropologist; Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Educator Career description: Sociologist; Educator Career description: Anthropologist; Current affiliation: Harvard University Current affiliation: Same Educator Comaroff, John Lionel (1945-) Collins, Samuel Cornette (1898-1984) Colton, Joel (1918-2011) Election: 1995, Fellow Election: 1942, Fellow Election: 1979, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Chicago Institute of Technology Foundation; Duke University Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Anthropologist; Career description: Chemist; Mechanical Career description: Historian; Educator; Educator engineer; Educator; Company executive; Foundation executive Current affiliation: Harvard University Government research scientist

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 121

Comer, James Pierpont (1934-) Comstock, Daniel Frost (1883-1970) Election: 1994, Fellow Election: 1912, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: New Haven, CT Institute of Technology; Comstock and Career description: Psychiatrist; Educator Wescott, Inc., Engineers Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Physicist; Engineer; Comey, Arthur Messinger (1861-1933) Educator; Company executive Election: 1891, Fellow Affiliation at election: Tufts University Comstock, George Cary (1855-1934) Residence at election: Somerville, MA Election: 1913, Fellow Career description: Chemist; Educator; Affiliation at election: University of Company research administrator Wisconsin, Madison Residence at election: Madison, WI Commins, Eugene David (1932-2015) Karl Taylor Compton (right), elected 1931, Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Election: 1987, Fellow with Robert Jemison Van de Graaff, elected Academic and observatory administrator Affiliation at election: University of 1935. Image donated by Corbis-Bettmann California, Berkeley Compton, Karl Taylor (1887-1954) Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Election: 1931, Fellow Career description: Physicist; Educator Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Compagnon, Antoine Marcel (1950-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1997, Fellow Career description: Physicist; Educator; Affiliation at election: Columbia Academic administrator University; Université de Paris IV, Sorbonne Compton, Spencer Joshua Alwyne, Residence at election: New York, NY Marquis of Northampton (1790-1851) Career description: Literary scholar; Election: 1846, FHM Educator Affiliation at election: London, England Current affiliation: Columbia University Residence at election: London, England Career description: Science patron

Compton, Arthur Holly (1892-1962) James Bryant Conant, elected 1924. Election: 1928, Fellow Comroe, Jr., Julius Hiram (1911-1984) Image donated by Corbis-Bettmann Election: 1964, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Conant, James Bryant (1893-1978) Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Election: 1924, Fellow California Medical Center Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Career description: Physicist; Educator; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physiologist; Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Chemist; Educator; Research institution administrator Academic administrator

Comstock (Mrs. Wallace Notestein), Conant, Kenneth John (1894-1984) Ada Louise (1876-1973) Election: 1932, Fellow Election: 1943, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Radcliffe College Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Archaeologist; Career description: Educator; Academic Historian (architecture); Educator administrator

Conarroe, Joel Osborne (1934-) Comstock, Cyrus Ballou (1831-1910) Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 1892, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: John Simon Affiliation at election: U.S. Army Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Army officer; Military Career description: Foundation executive; engineer Educator; Literary scholar; Editor Current affiliation: New York, NY

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 122

Conaway, Joan W. (1956-) Conklin, Edwin Grant (1863-1952) Connor, Walter Robert (1934-) Election: 2002, Fellow Election: 1914, Fellow Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stowers Institute for Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: National Medical Research University Humanities Center Residence at election: Kansas City, MO Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Research Triangle Career description: Biochemist; Molecular Career description: Biologist; Educator; Park, NC biologist; Research institution staff Academic administrator Career description: Classicist; Educator; member Cultural institution administrator Current affiliation: Same Conklin, Harold Colyer (1926-2016) Current affiliation: Teagle Foundation, Election: 1976, Fellow Inc. Conaway, Ronald C. (1956-) Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 2002, Fellow Residence at election: New Haven, CT Connors, John M. (1942-) Affiliation at election: Stowers Institute for Career description: Anthropologist; Election: 2006, Fellow Medical Research Educator Affiliation at election: Hill, Holliday, Residence at election: Kansas City, MO Connors, Cosmopoulos Career description: Biochemist; Molecular Conkwright, Pleasant Jefferson (1905- Residence at election: Brookline, MA biologist; Research institution staff 1986) Career description: Company executive member Election: 1959, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Princeton University Press Conquest, Robert (George Robert Condon, Edward Uhler (1902-1974) Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Acworth) (1917-2015) Election: 1947, Fellow Career description: Artist (typographer, Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Bureau of graphic artist); Educator; Editor Affiliation at election: Stanford University Standards Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Washington, DC Conley, Dalton (1969-) Career description: Historian; Research Career description: Physicist; Educator; Election: 2017, Fellow institution staff member; Writer (poet, Government official Affiliation at election: Princeton novelist) University Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Conrades, George Henry (1939-) Caritat, Marquis de (1743-1794) Career description: Sociologist; Educator Election: 2001, Fellow Election: 1792, FHM Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Akamai Affiliation at election: French Legislative Technologies, Inc. Assembly Conley, Tom C. (1943-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Paris, France Election: 2016, Fellow Career description: Company executive Career description: Mathematician; Social Affiliation at election: Harvard University (computer technology and information philosopher; Government official Residence at election: Cambridge, MA systems) Career description: Historian; Language Current affiliation: Same Cone, Edward Toner (1917-2004) scholar; Translator; Educator Election: 1975, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Constable, William George (1887-1976) Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 1946, Fellow University Connell, Joseph Hurd (1923-) Affiliation at election: Museum of Fine Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Election: 2005, Fellow Arts, Boston Career description: Musician (composer); Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Educator California, Santa Barbara Career description: Historian (art); Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Educator; Museum curator Cone, James H. (1938-2018) Career description: Ecologist; Educator Election: 2018, NC Fellow Current affiliation: Same Constance, Lincoln (1909-2001) Affiliation at election: Union Theological Election: 1950, Fellow Seminary Connes, Alain (1947-) Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1989, FHM California, Berkeley Career description: Theologian; Educator Affiliation at election: Collège de France Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Botanist; Educator; Cone, Roger D. (1958-) Career description: Mathematician; Academic administrator; Herbarium Election: 2018, Fellow Educator administrator Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Michigan Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Connick, Charles Jay (1875-1945) Career description: Neuroscientist; Election: 1934, Fellow Educator Affiliation at election: Newtonville, MA Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Newtonville, MA Career description: Artist (stained glass)

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 123

Constantin, Peter S. (1951-) Conway, John Horton (1937-) Cook, Thomas Dixon (1941-) Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1992, Fellow Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: Northwestern Chicago University University Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Evanston, IL Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Sociologist; Educator Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Princeton University Current affiliation: Same Cooke, Josiah Parsons (1827-1894) Constantine-Paton, Martha (1947-) Conway, Robert Seymour (1864-1933) Election: 1853, Fellow Election: 2013, Fellow Election: 1931, FHM Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Institute of Technology Manchester Career description: Chemist; Educator Residence at election: Wellesley Hills, MA Residence at election: St. Albans, England Career description: Neuroscientist; Career description: Philologist; Classicist; Cooke, Richard G. (1946-) Educator; Academic research institution Educator Election: 2013, FHM scientist Affiliation at election: Smithsonian Current affiliation: Same Conwell, Esther Marly (1922-2014) Tropical Research Institute Election: 1992, Fellow Residence at election: Panama City, Converse, Frederick Shepherd (1871- Affiliation at election: Xerox Corporation Panama 1940) Residence at election: Webster, NY Career description: Archaeologist; Election: 1921, Fellow Career description: Physicist; Industrial Government research scientist Affiliation at election: New England researcher; Research institution Current affiliation: Same Conservatory of Music administrator Residence at election: Westwood, MA Cooks, Robert Graham (1941-) Career description: Musician (composer); Cook, Karen Schweers (1946-) Election: 2010, Fellow Educator; Academic administrator Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Purdue University Affiliation at election: Duke University Residence at election: West Lafayette, IN Converse, Philip Ernest (1928-2014) Residence at election: Durham, NC Career description: Chemist; Educator Election: 1969, Fellow Career description: Sociologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Stanford University Michigan Cookson, Clive M. (1952-) Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Cook, Michael Allan (1940-) Election: 2015, FHM Career description: Social scientist; Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: Financial Times Educator Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: London, England University Career description: Editor; Journalist; Conway, Gordon Richard (1938-) Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Chemist Election: 2000, Fellow Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Current affiliation: Same Foundation Cooley, Thomas McIntyre (1824-1898) Residence at election: New York, NY Cook, Paul Maxwell (1926-) Election: 1890, Associate Fellow Career description: Agricultural scientist; Election: 1990, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Educator; Academic administrator; Affiliation at election: Raychem Michigan Foundation executive Corporation Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Current affiliation: United Kingdom Residence at election: Menlo Park, CA Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Department for International Career description: Chemical engineer; Educator Development Company executive (technology) Current affiliation: SRI International Coolidge, Albert Sprague (1894-1977) Conway, Jill Ker (1934-2018) Election: 1956, Fellow Election: 1991, Fellow Cook, Stephen A. (1939-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1986, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Chemist; Physicist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Toronto Educator; Civic activist Career description: Historian; Educator; Residence at election: Toronto, Canada Academic administrator Career description: Computer scientist; Coolidge, Algernon (1830-1912) Mathematician; Educator Election: 1869, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Massachusetts General Hospital Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Physician

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 124

Coolidge, Archibald Cary (1866-1928) Coon, Carleton Stevens (1904-1981) Cooper, John Cobb (1887-1967) Election: 1910, Fellow Election: 1943, Fellow Election: 1949, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Institute for Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Wakefield, MA Advanced Study; International Air Career description: Historian; Educator; Career description: Anthropologist; Transport Association Library administrator Educator; Museum curator Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Lawyer; Company Coolidge, Charles Allerton (1858-1936) Coon, Minor Jesser (1921-2018) executive; Educator Election: 1918, Fellow Election: 1984, Fellow Affiliation at election: Coolidge & Affiliation at election: University of Cooper, John Madison (1939-) Shattuck (Boston) and Coolidge & Michigan Election: 2001, Fellow Hodgdon (Chicago) Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Biological chemist; University Career description: Architect; Company Educator Residence at election: Princeton, NJ executive Career description: Philosopher; Educator Cooney, Joan Ganz (1929-) Current affiliation: Same Coolidge, Charles Allerton (1894-1987) Election: 1989, Fellow Election: 1948, Fellow Affiliation at election: Children’s Cooper, Kenneth Willard (1912-2007) Affiliation at election: Ropes and Gray Television Workshop Election: 1962, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Dartmouth Medical Career description: Lawyer; Government Career description: Broadcast executive; School official; Company executive Writer Residence at election: Hanover, NH Current affiliation: Sesame Workshop Career description: Cytogeneticist; Coolidge, Elizabeth Penn Sprague Entomologist; Educator (1864-1953) Coonley, Howard (1876-1966) Election: 1951, Fellow Election: 1932, Fellow Cooper, Leon Neil (1930-) Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Walworth Election: 1974, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Company Affiliation at election: Brown University Career description: Arts patron (music) Residence at election: Milton, MA Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Manufacturer; Career description: Physicist; Neural Coolidge, John Phillips (1913-1995) Company executive scientist; Educator Election: 1953, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Harvard University Coons, Albert Hewett (1912-1978) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1954, Fellow Cooper, Lynn A. (1947-) Career description: Historian (art, Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Election: 1992, Fellow architecture); Educator; Museum School; American Heart Association Affiliation at election: Columbia administrator Residence at election: Boston, MA University Career description: Bacteriologist; Residence at election: New York, NY Coolidge, Julian Lowell (1873-1954) Immunologist; Educator; Foundation Career description: Psychologist; Educator Election: 1913, Fellow research scientist Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Cooper, Frederick (1947-) Cooper, Max Dale (1933-) Career description: Mathematician; Election: 2001, Fellow Election: 1992, Fellow Educator; Academic administrator Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Michigan Alabama Coolidge, William David (1873-1975) Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Residence at election: Birmingham, AL Election: 1915, Fellow Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Physician; Affiliation at election: General Electric Current affiliation: New York University Immunologist; Educator Research Laboratory Current affiliation: Emory University Residence at election: Schenectady, NY Cooper, Gustav Arthur (1902-2000) Career description: Physical chemist; Election: 1960, Fellow Cooper, Richard Newell (1934-) Inventor; Company research Affiliation at election: Smithsonian Election: 1974, Fellow administrator Institution Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: New Haven, CT Coombs, Clyde Hamilton (1912-1988) Career description: Paleobiologist; Career description: Economist; Educator; Election: 1977, Fellow Museum curator Academic and government administrator Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Harvard University Michigan Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Psychologist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 125

Cooper, Samuel (1725-1783) Copenhaver, Brian P. (1942-) Coppola, Francis Ford (1939-) Election: 1780, Fellow Election: 1999, Fellow Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brattle Street Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: American Zoetrope; Church, Boston California, Los Angeles Francis Ford Coppola Presents, LLC Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Residence at election: Rutherford, CA Career description: Clergy member Career description: Historian; Career description: Film director; Philosopher; Educator; Academic Producer Cooter, Robert D. (1945-) administrator Current affiliation: Same Election: 1999, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Corbato, Fernando Jose (1926-2019) California, Berkeley, Boalt Hall School of Election: 1975, Fellow Law Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Institute of Technology Career description: Law and economics Residence at election: Cambridge, MA scholar; Educator Career description: Computer scientist; Current affiliation: Same Educator

Coover, Robert (1932-) Cordell, Linda S. (1943-2013) Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Providence, RI Colorado Career description: Writer (novelist, short Residence at election: Santa Fe, NM story writer, playwright); Educator Career description: Anthropologist; Current affiliation: Same Educator

Aaron Copland, elected 1951. Image donated by Corbis- Cope, Arthur Clay (1909-1966) Bettmann Cordiner, Ralph Jarron (1900-1973) Election: 1945, Fellow Copland, Aaron (1900-1990) Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1951, Fellow Affiliation at election: General Electric Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: New York, NY Company Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Stamford, CT Career description: Chemist; Educator; Career description: Musician (composer); Career description: Industrialist; Company Academic administrator Educator; Foundation executive executive

Cope, Oliver (1902-1994) Copley, John Singleton (1738-1815) Córdova, France A. (1947-) Election: 1950, Fellow Election: 1791, FHM Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: London, England Affiliation at election: Purdue University School; Massachusetts General Hospital Residence at election: London, England Residence at election: West Lafayette, IN Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Artist (painter) Career description: Academic Career description: Surgeon; Educator administrator; Astrophysicist Current affiliation: National Science Coppersmith, Susan N. (1957-) Foundation Copeland, Charles Townsend (1860- Election: 2006, Fellow

1952) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1929, Fellow Wisconsin, Madison Corey, David Paul (1951-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Madison, WI Election: 2011, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Career description: Literary scholar; Current affiliation: Same School Educator Residence at election: Newton, MA Career description: Neurobiologist; Coppi, Bruno (1935-) Educator Copeland, Manton (1881-1971) Election: 1976, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Election: 1923, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts

Affiliation at election: Bowdoin College Institute of Technology Residence at election: Brunswick, ME Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Corey, Elias James (1928-) Career description: Biologist; Educator Career description: Physicist; Educator Election: 1960, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Harvard University Copeland, Melvin Thomas (1884-1975) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1931, Fellow Career description: Chemist; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Management expert; Educator; Research administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 126

Corey, Lawrence (1947-) Corngold, Stanley A. (1934-) Corrsin, Stanley (1920-1986) Election: 2012, Fellow Election: 2011, Fellow Election: 1963, Fellow Affiliation at election: Fred Hutchinson Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Cancer Research Center; University of University University Washington Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Residence at election: Mercer Island, WA Career description: Literary scholar; Career description: Mechanical and Career description: Virologist; Research Educator biomedical engineer; Educator institution administrator; Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Corson, Dale Raymond (1914-2012) Cornish, John M. (1947-) Election: 1969, Fellow Cori, Carl Ferdinand (1896-1984) Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cornell University Election: 1948, Fellow Affiliation at election: Choate Hall & Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Affiliation at election: Washington Stewart, LLP Career description: Physicist; Educator; University Residence at election: Boston, MA Academic administrator Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Career description: Lawyer Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Corvol, Pierre (1941-) Academic administrator Election: 1998, FHM Cornish, Leslie Colby (1854-1925) Affiliation at election: Collège de France Cori, Gerty Theresa (1896-1957) Election: 1923, Fellow Residence at election: Paris, France Election: 1953, Fellow Affiliation at election: Maine Supreme Career description: Physician; Medical Affiliation at election: Washington Judicial Court scientist; Educator University Residence at election: Augusta, ME Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Career description: Biochemist; Educator Government official Cory, Suzanne (1942-) Election: 2001, FHM Cormack, Allan MacLeod (1924-1998) Cornu, Marie Alfred (1841-1902) Affiliation at election: Walter and Eliza Election: 1980, Fellow Election: 1895, FHM Hall Institute of Medical Research; Affiliation at election: Tufts University Affiliation at election: Ecole Polytechnique University of Melbourne Residence at election: Medford, MA Residence at election: Paris, France Residence at election: Victoria, Australia Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Molecular biologist; Immunologist; Research institution Cornell, Eric Allin (1961-) Correa, Charles Mark (1930-2015) administrator; Educator Election: 2005, Fellow Election: 1993, FHM Current affiliation: Walter and Eliza Hall Affiliation at election: National Institute Affiliation at election: Bombay, India Institute of Medical Research for Standards and Technology; JILA; Residence at election: Bombay, India University of Colorado, Boulder Career description: Architect and planner Coryell, Charles DuBois (1912-1971) Residence at election: Boulder, CO Election: 1948, Fellow Career description: Physicist; Academic Correa de Serra, Jose Francisco (1750- Affiliation at election: Massachusetts research institution and government 1823) Institute of Technology research agency staff member; Educator Election: 1815, FHM Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Lisbon, Portugal Career description: Chemist; Educator Residence at election: Lisbon, Portugal Corner, George Washington (1889-1981) Career description: Diplomat; Cosby, Jr., William H. (1937-) Election: 1961, Fellow Government official; Botanist; Naturalist Election: 1994, Fellow Affiliation at election: American Affiliation at election: New York, NY Philosophical Society Corrigan, E. Gerald (Edward Gerald) Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA (1941-) Career description: Comedian; Actor; Career description: Anatomist; Historian Election: 2005, Fellow Writer (memoirist); Television producer; (medicine); Educator; Learned society Affiliation at election: Goldman Sachs and Musician; Activist; Educator administrator Company Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: New York, NY Cornforth, John Warcup (1917-2013) Career description: Banker; Government Coser, Lewis Alfred (1913-2003) Election: 1973, FHM official; Company executive (investment) Election: 1982, Fellow Affiliation at election: Shell Research, Ltd. Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: State University of Residence at election: Kent, England New York at Stony Brook Career description: Chemist; Research Residence at election: Stony Brook, NY institution staff member and Career description: Sociologist; Educator administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 127

Cosio Villegas, Daniel (1898-1976) Cottrell, Alan Howard (1919-2012) Cournand, Andre Frederic (1895-1988) Election: 1944, FHM Election: 1960, FHM Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: Mexico Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Mexico Cambridge University Career description: Economist; Educator; Residence at election: Cambridge, England Residence at election: New York, NY Government official; Diplomat; Academic Career description: Metallurgist; Educator; Career description: Physician; Educator administrator Academic administrator Courrier, Robert Marie Jules Constant Costello, Bonnie (1950-) Cotzias, George Constantin (1918-1977) (1895-1987) Election: 2002, Fellow Election: 1970, Fellow Election: 1956, FHM Affiliation at election: Boston University Affiliation at election: Brookhaven Affiliation at election: Collège de France Residence at election: Boston, MA National Laboratory Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Upton, NY Career description: Endocrinologist; scholar; Educator Career description: Physician; Educator; Educator Current affiliation: Same Research institution administrator Court, Donald Lee (1943-) Cotran, Ramzi Suliman (1932-2000) Couch, William Terry (1901-1988) Election: 2014, Fellow Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1950, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Cancer Affiliation at election: Brigham and Affiliation at election: University of Institute at Frederick Women’s Hospital; Harvard Medical Chicago Press Residence at election: Frederick, MD School Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Molecular geneticist; Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Editor; Company Research institution scientist Career description: Pathologist; Educator executive Current affiliation: Same

Cotsen, Lloyd (1929-2017) Coughlin, Shaun Robert (1954-) Court de Gebelin, Antoine (1725-1784) Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 2002, Fellow Election: 1781, FHM Affiliation at election: Cotsen Corporation Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Paris, France Residence at election: Beverly Hills, CA California, San Francisco Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Foundation executive Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Career description: Philologist; Career description: Molecular biologist; Mythologist; Clergy member; Author Cott, Nancy F. (1945-) Medical scientist; Educator; Academic Election: 2008, Fellow research agency administrator Courtenay, Edward Henry (1803-1853) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Current affiliation: Same Election: 1841, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Career description: Historian; Educator Coulson, Charles Alfred (1910-1974) Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Election: 1963, FHM Career description: Mathematician; Affiliation at election: University of Engineer; Educator Cotter, Holland (1947-) Oxford Election: 2015, Fellow Residence at election: Oxford, England Courtenay, William J. (1935-) Affiliation at election: The New York Career description: Chemist; Election: 1996, Fellow Times Mathematician; Philosopher; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New York, NY Wisconsin, Madison Career description: Writer (art critic) Coulter, John Merle (1851-1928) Residence at election: Madison, WI Current affiliation: Same Election: 1898, Associate Fellow Career description: Historian; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Cotting, Benjamin Eddy (1812-1897) Chicago Election: 1853, Fellow Residence at election: Chicago, IL Cousens, John Albert (1874-1937) Affiliation at election: Lowell Institute Career description: Botanist; Educator; Election: 1932, Fellow Residence at election: Roxbury, MA Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Tufts College Career description: Physician; Academic Residence at election: Medford, MA administrator Councilman, William Thomas (1854- Career description: Academic 1933) administrator; Banker Cotton, Frank Albert (1930-2007) Election: 1895, Fellow Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Cousin, Victor (1792-1867) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts School Election: 1855, FHM Institute of Technology Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Paris, France Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Pathologist; Educator Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Chemist; Educator Career description: Philosopher; Educator; Government official

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 128

Cover, Robert Melvin (1943-1986) Cowgill, Warren Crawford (1929-1985) Coxeter, Harold Scott MacDonald Election: 1986, Fellow Election: 1980, Fellow (1907-2003) Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 1990, FHM Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: New Haven, CT Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Lawyer; Educator Career description: Linguist; Educator Toronto Residence at election: Toronto, Canada Cover, Thomas M. (1938-2012) Cowley, Malcolm (1898-1989) Career description: Mathematician; Election: 2003, Fellow Election: 1963, Fellow Educator Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: Sherman, CT Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Sherman, CT Coyle, Joseph Thomas (1943-) Career description: Electrical engineer; Career description: Writer (poet, essayist, Election: 1994, Fellow Educator literary critic); Editor; Translator Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School Cowan, Geoffrey (1942-) Cox, Allan Verne (1926-1987) Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 1974, Fellow Career description: Psychiatrist; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Stanford University; Current affiliation: Same Southern California U.S. Geological Survey Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Residence at election: Stanford, CA Coyne, Jerry Allen (1949-) Career description: Academic and Career description: Geophysicist; Election: 2007, Fellow government agency administrator; Educator; Academic administrator Affiliation at election: University of Educator; Lawyer; Writer (playwright, Chicago non-fiction writer); Producer Cox, Archibald (1912-2004) Residence at election: Chicago, IL Current affiliation: University of Southern Election: 1955, Fellow Career description: Evolutionary biologist; California; Annenberg Foundation Trust Affiliation at election: Harvard University Geneticist; Educator at Sunnylands Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Lawyer; Educator Cowan, George Arthur (1920-2012) Cozzarelli, Nicholas R. (1938-2006) Election: 1997, Fellow Cox, David Roxbee (1924-) Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: Santa Fe Institute Election: 1974, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Santa Fe, NM Affiliation at election: Imperial College of California, Berkeley Career description: Chemist; Research Science and Technology, University of Residence at election: Berkeley, CA institution administrator London Career description: Molecular biologist; Residence at election: London, England Educator Cowan, William Maxwell (1931-2002) Career description: Statistician; Educator Election: 1976, Fellow Current affiliation: University of Oxford Crabtree, George William (1944-) Affiliation at election: Washington Election: 2011, Fellow University in St. Louis School of Medicine Cox, Gardner (1906-1988) Affiliation at election: Argonne National Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Election: 1955, Fellow Laboratory; University of Illinois at Career description: Neurobiologist; Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Chicago Educator; Research institution Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Chicago, IL administrator Career description: Artist (painter) Career description: Physicist; Research institution administrator Cowen, Scott Stephen (1946-) Cox, Gary Walter (1955-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Tulane University Affiliation at election: University of Crabtree, Robert Howard (1948-) Residence at election: New Orleans, LA California, San Diego Election: 2011, Fellow Career description: Management expert; Residence at election: San Diego, CA Affiliation at election: Yale University Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Political scientist; Residence at election: Bethany, CT Current affiliation: Same Educator Career description: Chemist; Educator Current affiliation: Stanford University Current affiliation: Same Cowen, Zelman (1919-2011) Election: 1965, FHM Cox, Jr., Harvey Gallagher (1929-) Crafts, James Mason (1839-1917) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1867, Fellow Melbourne Affiliation at election: Harvard Divinity Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Melbourne, School Residence at election: Boston, MA Australia Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Chemist; Educator Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Career description: Theologian; Educator Governor-General of Australia Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 129

Craig, Elizabeth Anne (1946-) Craik, Charles S. (1954-) Cramton, Roger Conant (1929-2017) Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 2017, Fellow Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Cornell University Wisconsin, Madison California, San Francisco Law School Residence at election: Madison, WI Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Career description: Biomolecular chemist; Career description: Biochemist; Molecular Career description: Lawyer; Educator Educator biologist; Company founder; Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Cranch, John (1751-1821) Election: 1791, FHM Craig, Jr., George Brownlee (1930-1995) Craik, Fergus I.M. (1935-) Affiliation at election: London, England Election: 1970, Fellow Election: 2016, FHM Residence at election: London, England Affiliation at election: University of Notre Affiliation at election: Rotman Research Career description: Artist (painter) Dame Institute; University of Toronto Residence at election: Notre Dame, IN Residence at election: Toronto, Canada Cranch, Richard (1726-1811) Career description: Entomologist; Career description: Cognitive Election: 1781, Fellow Educator psychologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Braintree, MA Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Braintree, MA Craig, Gordon Alexander (1913-2005) Career description: Businessperson; Jurist; Election: 1962, Fellow Cram, Donald James (1919-2001) Public official Affiliation at election: Stanford University Election: 1967, Fellow Residence at election: Stanford, CA Affiliation at election: University of Cranch, William (1769-1855) Career description: Historian; Educator California, Los Angeles Election: 1809, Associate Fellow Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Affiliation at election: District of Craig, Harmon Bushnell (1926-2003) Career description: Chemist; Educator Columbia Circuit Court Election: 1976, Fellow Residence at election: Washington, DC Affiliation at election: University of Cram, Ralph Adams (1863-1942) Career description: Jurist California, San Diego Election: 1917, Fellow Residence at election: San Diego, CA Affiliation at election: Cram and Crandall, Michael G. (1940-) Career description: Geochemist; Ferguson, Architects; Princeton Election: 2000, Fellow Oceanographer; Educator; Research University Affiliation at election: University of institution staff member Residence at election: Boston, MA California, Santa Barbara Career description: Architect; Company Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Craig, Lyman Creighton (1906-1974) executive; Educator Career description: Mathematician; Election: 1961, Fellow Educator Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Institute Cramer, Charles (1799-1879) Current affiliation: Same for Medical Research Election: 1840, Associate Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: St. Petersburg, Crandall, Stephen Harry (1920-2013) Career description: Chemist; Russia Election: 1961, Fellow Pharmacologist; Educator Residence at election: St. Petersburg, Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Russia Institute of Technology Craig, Nancy L. (1952-) Career description: Mineralogist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 2007, Fellow Collector; Traveler Career description: Mechanical engineer; Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Educator University Cramer, Harald (1893-1985) Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Election: 1961, FHM Crane, Horace Richard (1907-2007) Career description: Molecular biologist; Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1971, Fellow Biochemist; Educator Stockholm Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Johns Hopkins Residence at election: Stockholm, Sweden Michigan University School of Medicine Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Physicist; Educator Craighill, William Price (1833-1909) Election: 1895, Associate Fellow Cramer, Karine J. (1972-) Crane, Peter Robert (1954-) Affiliation at election: U.S. Army Election: 2019, Fellow Election: 2008, Fellow Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Army officer; Military Wisconsin-Madison Chicago engineer Residence at election: Madison, WI Residence at election: Oak Park, IL Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Geophysicist; Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 130

Crane, Robert Treat (1880-1962) Crawford, James Pyle Wickersham Cremona, Luigi (Antonio Luigi Election: 1933, Fellow (1882-1939) Gaudienzo Giuseppe) (1830-1903) Affiliation at election: Social Science Election: 1938, Fellow Election: 1902, FHM Research Council Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Rome Residence at election: New York, NY Pennsylvania Residence at election: Rome, Italy Career description: Political scientist; Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Mathematician; Educator; Research organization Career description: Language and literary Educator; Government official administrator scholar; Educator; Academic administrator Cresswell, Peter (1945-) Crane, Ronald Salmon (1886-1967) Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1932, Fellow Crawford, John Grenfell (1910-1984) Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1977, FHM School of Medicine; Howard Hughes Chicago Affiliation at election: Australian National Medical Institute Residence at election: Chicago, IL University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Literary critic; Residence at election: Canberra, Australia Career description: Immunologist; Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Economist; Educator Government official; Academic Current affiliation: Same Cranston, Maurice William (1920-1993) administrator Election: 1970, FHM Crew, Henry (1859-1953) Affiliation at election: London School of Crawford, Richard Arthur (1935-) Election: 1913, Fellow Economics and Political Science Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: Northwestern Residence at election: London, England Affiliation at election: University of University Career description: Philosopher; Political Michigan Residence at election: Evanston, IL scientist; Educator Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Musicologist; Educator Cravatt III, Benjamin F. (1970-) Current affiliation: Same Crewe, Albert Victor (1927-2009) Election: 2016, Fellow Election: 1972, Fellow Affiliation at election: Scripps Research Crawford, Thomas (1813-1857) Affiliation at election: University of Institute Election: 1855, Associate Fellow Chicago Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Affiliation at election: Rome, Italy Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Biochemist; Research Residence at election: Rome, Italy Career description: Physicist; Educator; institution scientist Career description: Artist (sculptor) Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same Crawford, Vincent Paul (1950-) Crews, David Pafford (1947-) Craven, Wesley Frank (1905-1981) Election: 2003, Fellow Election: 1996, Fellow Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Texas Affiliation at election: Princeton California, San Diego at Austin University Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Residence at election: Austin, TX Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Zoologist; Behavioral Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Crawford, Jr., Bryce Low (1914-2011) Creeley, Robert (1926-2005) Election: 1977, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Crews, Frederick Campbell (1933-) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: State University of Election: 1991, Fellow Minnesota New York at Buffalo Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Residence at election: Buffalo, NY California, Berkeley Career description: Chemist; Educator; Career description: Writer (poet); Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Academic administrator Educator Career description: Literary scholar; Educator Crawford, Franzo Hazlett (1900-1988) Cremin, Lawrence Arthur (1925-1990) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1934, Fellow Election: 1972, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Columbia Crick, Francis Harry Compton (1916- Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Teachers College 2004) Career description: Physicist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1962, FHM Career description: Historian; Education Affiliation at election: University of specialist; Educator; Academic Cambridge administrator; Foundation executive Residence at election: Cambridge, England Career description: Biophysicist; Researcher; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 131

Crider, John Henshaw (1906-1966) Croll, Morris William (1872-1947) Cropper, Elizabeth (1944-) Election: 1952, Fellow Election: 1932, Fellow Election: 1993, Fellow Affiliation at election: CBS, Boston Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Residence at election: Lincoln, MA University University Career description: Journalist; Editor Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Career description: Language and literary Career description: Historian (art); Crighton, David George (1942-2000) scholar; Educator Educator; Academic research institution Election: 1998, FHM adm inistrator Affiliation at election: University of Crompton, Alfred Walter (1927-) Current affiliation: National Gallery of Art Cambridge Election: 1969, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, England Affiliation at election: Yale University Crosby, Alfred Worcester (1931-2018) Career description: Applied Residence at election: New Haven, CT Election: 1995, Fellow mathematician; Educator; Academic Career description: Vertebrate Affiliation at election: University of Texas administrator paleontologist; Educator; Museum at Austin administrator Residence at election: Austin, TX Crim, F. Fleming (1947-) Current affiliation: Harvard University Career description: Historian; Educator Election: 1998, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Cromwell, Adelaide M. [elected as A. C. Crosby, Sumner McKnight (1909-1982) Wisconsin, Madison Hill; listed as A. C. Gulliver, 1973-1993] Election: 1977, Fellow Residence at election: Madison, WI (1919-2019) Affiliation at election: International Career description: Chemist; Educator Election: 1973, Fellow Center of Medieval Art Current affiliation: University of Affiliation at election: Boston University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Wisconsin, Madison; NSF Residence at election: Evanston, IL Career description: Historian (art); Career description: Sociologist; Educator Educator; Museum administrator Croce, Arlene Louise (1934-) Election: 1993, Fellow Cronbach, Lee Joseph (1916-2001) Crosby, William Otis (1850-1925) Affiliation at election: The New Yorker Election: 1964, Fellow Election: 1881, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Editor; Critic; Author Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute of Technology; Boston Society of Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Urbana, IL Natural History Career description: Psychologist; Educator Residence at election: Boston, MA Croce, Benedetto (1866-1952) Career description: Geologist; Engineer; Election: 1928, FHM Cronin, James Watson (1931-) Educator Affiliation at election: La Critica Election: 1967, Fellow Residence at election: Naples, Italy Affiliation at election: Princeton Cross, Charles Robert (1848-1921) Career description: Philosopher; Educator; University Election: 1877, Fellow Government official Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Physicist; Educator Institute of Technology Croce, Carlo M. (1944-) Current affiliation: University of Chicago Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 2010, Fellow Career description: Physicist; Educator; Affiliation at election: Ohio State Cronkite, Walter (1916-2009) Academic research institution University Election: 2003, Fellow administrator Residence at election: Columbus, OH Affiliation at election: CBS, Inc. Career description: Geneticist; Molecular Residence at election: Washington, DC Cross, Jr., Frank Moore (1921-2012) Biologist; Educator Career description: Broadcast journalist Election: 1961, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Harvard University Cronon, William J. (1954-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Crocker, Jennifer (1954-) Election: 2006, Fellow Career description: Language and literary Election: 2019, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of scholar; Educator; Museum administrator Affiliation at election: Ohio State Wisconsin, Madison University Residence at election: Madison, WI Cross, Hardy (1885-1959) Residence at election: Columbus, OH Career description: Historian; Geographer; Election: 1945, Fellow Career description: Social psychologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Yale University Educator Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: New Haven, CT Current affiliation: Same Career description: Civil engineer; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 132

Cross, Paul Clifford (1907-1978) Crowell, John Chambers (1917-2015) Crumb, George Henry (1929-) Election: 1947, Fellow Election: 1980, Fellow Election: 1985, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Providence, RI California, Santa Barbara Pennsylvania Career description: Chemist; Educator; Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Academic administrator Career description: Geologist; Educator Career description: Musician (composer); Educator Cross, Samuel Hazzard (1891-1946) Crown, James S. (1954-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1931, Fellow Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Henry Crown and Crutzen, Paul Josef (1933-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Company Election: 1986, FHM Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: Max-Planck-Institut scholar; Educator; Editor Career description: Company executive für Chemie (investments); Trustee (academic Residence at election: Mainz, Germany Crothers, Donald Morris (1937-2014) institution, museum, orchestra) Career description: Atmospheric chemist; Election: 1986, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Research agency administrator Affiliation at election: Yale University Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: New Haven, CT Crown, Lester (1925-) Career description: Chemist; Biophysicist; Election: 1999, Fellow Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1934-) Educator Affiliation at election: Material Service Election: 1997, Fellow Corporation Affiliation at election: University of Crothers, Samuel McChord (1857-1927) Residence at election: Chicago, IL Chicago Election: 1913, Fellow Career description: Company executive Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: First Parish Current affiliation: Henry Crown & Career description: Behavioral scientist; Unitarian Church Company Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Claremont Graduate Career description: Clergy member; Crowther, Geoffrey (1907-1972) University Writer (essayist) Election: 1952, FHM Affiliation at election: Economist Cuatrecasas, Pedro Martin (1936-) Crouch, Stanley (1945-) Residence at election: London, England Election: 1988, Fellow Election: 2009, Fellow Career description: Economist; Journalist; Affiliation at election: Glaxo Affiliation at election: New York Daily Editor; Company executive Pharmaceutical Corporation News Residence at election: Research Triangle Residence at election: New York, NY Crozier, Michel (1922-2013) Park, NC Career description: Writer (columnist, Election: 1969, FHM Career description: Biochemist; Company essayist, music critic, novelist, television Affiliation at election: Centre National de executive (pharmaceuticals) commentator); Music organization la Recherche Scientifique; Groupe de Current affiliation: University of advisor (jazz) Sociologie des Organisations California, San Diego Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Sociologist; Educator Cuéllar, Mariano-Florentino (1972-) Crow, James Franklin (1916-2012) Election: 2018, Fellow Election: 1966, Fellow Crozier, William John (1892-1955) Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1927, Fellow California Wisconsin, Madison Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Residence at election: Madison, WI Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Legal scholar; Jurist Career description: Geneticist; Educator Career description: Zoologist; Current affiliation: Same Physiologist; Educator Crow, Thomas Eugene (1948-) Cuervo, Ana Maria (1966-) Election: 2001, Fellow Crum, William Leonard (1894-1967) Election: 2018, Fellow Affiliation at election: Getty Research Election: 1931, Fellow Affiliation at election: Albert Einstein Institute Affiliation at election: Harvard University College of Medicine Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Bronx, NY Career description: Historian (art); Career description: Economist; Career description: Geriatrician; Educator; Research institution Mathematician; Educator Biochemist; Educator administrator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: New York University Institute of Fine Arts

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 133

Culicover, Peter W. (1945-) Cummings, Ralph Waldo (1911-2001) Cunningham, William James (1875- Election: 2011, Fellow Election: 1976, Fellow 1962) Affiliation at election: Ohio State Affiliation at election: International Crops Election: 1932, Fellow University Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Columbus, OH Tropics Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Linguist; Educator Residence at election: Hyderabad, India Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Career description: Soil scientist; Educator; Agricultural research and Cuno, James (1951-) Culler, Arthur Dwight (1917-2006) development agency administrator Election: 2001, Fellow Election: 1986, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Yale University Cummins, Christopher C. (1966-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New Haven, CT Election: 2008, Fellow Career description: Historian (art); Career description: Language and literary Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Museum administrator; Educator scholar; Educator Institute of Technology Current affiliation: J. Paul Getty Trust Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Culler, Jonathan Dwight (1944-) Career description: Chemist; Educator Curl, Robert F. (1933-) Election: 2001, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Election: 1998, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cornell University Affiliation at election: Rice University Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Cummins, Herman Zachary (1933-2010) Residence at election: Houston, TX Career description: Language and literary Election: 2001, Fellow Career description: Chemist; Educator scholar; Educator Affiliation at election: City College of New Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same York Residence at election: New York, NY Curle, Adam (Charles Thomas William Cullman, Lewis B. (1919-2019) Career description: Physicist; Educator Adam) (1916-2006) Election: 2003, Fellow Election: 1967, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cullman Ventures, Cummins, Thomas B.F. (1952-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Inc. Election: 2015, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Social psychologist; Career description: Company executive Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Educator; Peace and conflict studies Career description: Historian (art); expert Cullum, George Washington (1809- Educator 1892) Current affiliation: Same Curley, Edwin Munson (1937-) Election: 1885, Associate Fellow Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Army Cunningham, Henry Winchester (1860- Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New York, NY 1930) Illinois at Chicago Career description: Army officer; Engineer Election: 1925, Associate Fellow Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Career description: Philosopher; Educator Culver, David M. (1924-2017) Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: University of Election: 2001, FHM Career description: Historian; Genealogist Michigan Affiliation at election: CAI Capital Corporation Cunningham, Imogen (1883-1976) Curran, Charles E. (1934-) Residence at election: Montreal, Canada Election: 1967, Fellow Election: 2010, Fellow Career description: Company executive Affiliation at election: San Francisco, CA Affiliation at election: Southern Methodist Residence at election: San Francisco, CA University Cumings, Bruce (1943-) Career description: Artist (photographer) Residence at election: Dallas, TX Election: 1999, Fellow Career description: Theologian; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Cunningham, Merce (1919-2009) Current affiliation: Same Chicago Election: 1979, Fellow Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: Merce Cunningham Curran, James W. (1944-) Career description: Historian; Educator Dance Company Election: 2015, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Emory University Career description: Dancer; Rollins School of Public Health Cummings, John (1812-1898) Choreographer Residence at election: Atlanta, GA Election: 1881, Fellow Career description: Academic Affiliation at election: Shawmut National Cunningham, Michael (1952-) administrator; Epidemiologist; Bank Election: 2003, Fellow Government institution scientist; Public Residence at election: Woburn, MA Affiliation at election: Brooklyn College health and policy expert Career description: Company executive; Residence at election: Brooklyn, NY Current affiliation: Same Nonprofit institution administrator; Career description: Writer (fiction writer); Supporter of science education Educator Current affiliation: Yale University

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 134

Curran, Stuart (1940-) Curtis, Benjamin Robbins (1809-1874) Cushing, Richard James Cardinal (1895- Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1854, Fellow 1970) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of Election: 1965, Fellow Pennsylvania the United States Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Language and literary Career description: Lawyer; Jurist (U.S. Career description: Clergy member scholar; Educator Supreme Court) Current affiliation: Same Cushing, Thomas (1725-1788) Curtis, Charles Pelham (1891-1959) Election: 1780, Fellow Curran, Tom (1956-) Election: 1954, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: Choate, Hall and Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Perelman School of Stewart Career description: Merchant; Member, Medicine at the University of Residence at election: Boston, MA Continental Congress Pennsylvania Career description: Lawyer Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Cushing, William (1732-1810) Career description: Pathologist; Research Curtis, Moses Ashley (1808-1872) Election: 1780, Fellow institution scientist; Educator Election: 1855, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Society Hill, SC Superior Court Residence at election: Society Hill, SC Residence at election: Scituate, MA Currie, David Park (1936-2007) Career description: Botanist; Clergy Career description: Jurist (U.S. Supreme Election: 1985, Fellow member Court) Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Law School Curtius, Ernst (1814-1896) Cushman, Joseph Augustine (1881-1949) Residence at election: Chicago, IL Election: 1876, FHM Election: 1917, Fellow Career description: Lawyer; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Berlin Affiliation at election: Boston Society of Residence at election: Berlin, Germany Natural History Currie, Janet M. (1960-) Career description: Archaeologist; Residence at election: Sharon, MA Election: 2014, Fellow Educator Career description: Micropaleontologist; Affiliation at election: Princeton Curator (natural history) University Curtius, Georg (1820-1885) Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Election: 1879, FHM Cushman, Robert Eugene (1889-1969) Career description: Economist; Editor; Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1952, Fellow Educator Leipzig Affiliation at election: Cornell University Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Leipzig, Germany Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Career description: Language scholar; Career description: Political scientist; Currie, Malcolm Roderick (1927-) Educator Educator Election: 1990, Fellow Affiliation at election: Hughes Aircraft Cushing, Caleb (1800-1879) Cutler, David (1965-) Company Election: 1823, Fellow Election: 2007, Fellow Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Affiliation at election: Newburyport, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Engineer; Company Residence at election: Newburyport, MA Residence at election: Brookline, MA research administrator; Company Career description: Lawyer; Legislator; Career description: Economist; Educator executive (aerospace); Government U.S. Attorney General; Diplomat Current affiliation: Same administrator Current affiliation: Same Cushing, Harvey Williams (1869-1939) Cutler, Elbridge Jefferson (1831-1870) Election: 1914, Fellow Election: 1870, Fellow Curti, Merle Eugene (1897-1996) Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1949, Fellow School; Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Language and literary Wisconsin, Madison Career description: Neurological surgeon; scholar; Educator Residence at election: Madison, WI Educator; Hospital administrator Career description: Historian; Educator Cutler, Elliott Carr (1888-1947) Cushing, Nathan (1742-1812) Election: 1932, Fellow Curtin, Philip DeArmond (1922-2009) Election: 1780, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: State of School; Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Affiliation at election: University of Massachusetts Executive Council Residence at election: Brookline, MA Wisconsin, Madison Residence at election: Scituate, MA Career description: Surgeon; Educator; Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Lawyer; Public official; Hospital administrator Career description: Historian; Educator Jurist

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 135

Cutler, Lloyd Norton (1917-2005) Cutler, Robert (1895-1974) Cuvier (Baron), Georges Leopold Election: 1988, Fellow Election: 1948, Fellow Christian Frederic Dagobert (1769-1832) Affiliation at election: Wilmer, Cutler & Affiliation at election: Old Colony Trust Election: 1822, FHM Pickering Company Affiliation at election: Collège de France; Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Boston, MA Jardin des Plantes Career description: Lawyer Career description: Banker; Lawyer; Residence at election: France Government official Career description: Zoologist; Cutler, Manasseh (1742-1823) Paleontologist; Educator; Government Election: 1781, Fellow Cutter, Richard Ammi (1902-1993) official Affiliation at election: Ipswich Hamlet Election: 1957, Fellow Church Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Cyster, Jason G. (1967-) Residence at election: Ipswich, MA Supreme Judicial Court Election: 2018, Fellow Career description: Clergy member; Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: University of Legislator; Member, U.S. House of Career description: Lawyer; Jurist California, San Francisco Representatives; Organizer of western Residence at election: San Francisco, CA territories; Botanist Career description: Immunologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019 136