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  • The Concept of Stare Decisis in the German Legal System – a Systematically Inconsistent Concept with High Factual Importance
    Pobrane z czasopisma Studia Iuridica Lublinensia http://studiaiuridica.umcs.pl Data: 01/10/2021 21:41:15 Part 4. Studia Iuridica Lublinensia vol. XXVII, 1, 2018 DOI: 10.17951/sil.2018.27.1.121 Peter Stainer Attorney-at-law, Frankfurt am Main, Germany [email protected] Dominik König Inhouse legal counsel, Bad Homburg, Germany [email protected] The Concept of Stare Decisis in the German Legal System – A Systematically Inconsistent Concept with High Factual Importance Koncepcja stare decisis w systemie prawa niemieckiego – niespójna systemowo koncepcja posiadająca wysoką realną wartość SUMMARY It is worth mentioning that the German legal system is based on the codified law. This system lacks in stare decisis and precedentsUMCS in general, which – in principle – does not raise doubts. The role of precedent in the decisional process is relative and dependent on the question as to whether the case may be resolved pursuant to a legal act. In that case, precedents would not play any or almost any role at all. However, the role of precedents increases, when there is a lack of appropriate legal rights, or if legal rights require inter- pretation. It should be emphasised that stare decisis understood as a formally binding precedent refers only to rulings issued by the Federal Constitutional Court, whereas precedents of higher courts have a significant meaning to everyday judicial practice in Germany, despite the fact that they are not formally binding. Keywords: stare decisis; precedent; German legal system; Federal Constitutional Court INTRODUCTION Stare decisis is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase stare decisis et non quieta movere, meaning “to stand by decisions and not to disturb settled matters”1.
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  • 86A Stgb Im Spiegel Der Rechtsprechung
    Wissenschaftliche Dienste Infobrief Das strafbare Verwenden von Kennzeichen verfassungswidriger Organisationen § 86a StGB im Spiegel der Rechtsprechung Roman Trips-Hebert © 2014 Deutscher Bundestag WD 7 - 3010 - 028/14 Wissenschaftliche Dienste Infobrief Seite 2 WD 7 - 3010 - 028/14 Das strafbare Verwenden von Kennzeichen verfassungswidriger Organisationen § 86a StGB im Spiegel der Rechtsprechung Verfasser: Oberregierungsrat Dr. Roman Trips-Hebert Aktenzeichen: WD 7 - 3010 - 028/14 Abschluss der Arbeit: 28. Februar 2014 Fachbereich: Fachbereich WD 7: Zivil-, Straf- und Verfahrensrecht, Umweltschutzrecht, Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung Ausarbeitungen und andere Informationsangebote der Wissenschaftlichen Dienste geben nicht die Auffassung des Deutschen Bundestages, eines seiner Organe oder der Bundestagsverwaltung wieder. Vielmehr liegen sie in der fachlichen Verantwortung der Verfasserinnen und Verfasser sowie der Fachbereichsleitung. Der Deutsche Bundestag behält sich die Rechte der Veröffentlichung und Verbreitung vor. Beides bedarf der Zustimmung der Leitung der Abteilung W, Platz der Republik 1, 11011 Berlin. Wissenschaftliche Dienste Infobrief Seite 3 WD 7 - 3010 - 028/14 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung 4 2. Tatbestand, Systematik und Geschichte 5 2.1. Tatbestand 5 2.2. Systematik 6 2.3. Geschichte 6 3. Detailbetrachtung und Rechtsprechung 7 3.1. Erfasste Organisationen 7 3.1.1. Vom Bundesverfassungsgericht für verfassungswidrig erklärte Partei oder eine Partei oder Vereinigung, von der unanfechtbar festgestellt ist, dass sie Ersatzorganisation einer solchen Partei ist (§86Absatz1Nummer1StGB) 8 3.1.2. Vereinigung, die unanfechtbar verboten ist, weil sie sich gegen die verfassungsmäßige Ordnung oder gegen den Gedanken der Völkerverständigung richtet, oder von der unanfechtbar festgestellt ist, dass sie Ersatzorganisation einer solchen verbotenen Vereinigung ist (§ 86 Absatz 1 Nummer 2 StGB) 8 3.1.3. Ehemalige nationalsozialistische Organisation (§ 86 Absatz 1 Nummer 4 StGB) 10 3.2.
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  • 1. Evaluation of the Judicial Systems (2016-2018 Cycle) Germany Generated on : 29/08/2018 11:17
    1. Evaluation of the judicial systems (2016-2018 cycle) Germany Generated on : 29/08/2018 11:17 Reference data 2016 (01/01/2016 - 31/12/2016) Start/end date of the data collection campaign : 01/06/2017 - 31/12/2017 Objective : The CEPEJ decided, at its 28th plenary meeting, to launch the seventh evaluation cycle 2016 – 2018, focused on 2016 data. The CEPEJ wishes to use the methodology developed in the previous cycles to get, with the support of its national correspondents' network, a general evaluation of the judicial systems in the 47 member states of the Council of Europe as well as two observer states (Israel and Morocco). This will enable policy makers and judicial practitioners to take account of such unique information when carrying out their activities. The present questionnaire was adapted by the Working group on evaluation of judicial systems (CEPEJ-GT-EVAL) in view of the previous evaluation cycles and considering the comments submitted by CEPEJ members, observers, experts and national correspondents. The aim of this exercise is to increase awareness of judicial systems in the participating states, to compare the functioning of judicial systems in their various aspects, as well as to have a better knowledge of the trends of the judicial organisation in order to help improve the efficiency of justice. The evaluation questionnaire and the analysis of the results becomes a genuine tool in favour of public policies on justice, for the sake of the European citizens. Instruction : The ways to use the application and to answer the questions are guided by two main documents: -User manual -Explanatory note While the explanatory note gives definitions and explanations on the CEPEJ evaluation questionnaire and the methodology needed for replying, the User manual is a tool to help you navigate through this application.
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  • The Comparative Law of Flag Desecration: the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany, 15 Hastings Int'l & Comp
    Hastings International and Comparative Law Review Volume 15 Article 2 Number 4 Summer 1992 1-1-1992 The ompC arative Law of Flag Desecration: The United States and the Federal Republic of Germany Peter E. Quint Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_international_comparative_law_review Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Peter E. Quint, The Comparative Law of Flag Desecration: The United States and the Federal Republic of Germany, 15 Hastings Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 613 (1992). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_international_comparative_law_review/vol15/iss4/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Comparative Law of Flag Desecration: The United States and the Federal Republic of Germany By PETER E. QUINT* I. INTRODUCTION I In the American constitutional system, as in many others, freedom of speech generally is viewed as an individual right. Yet, even though the initial focus is on individuals, definition of this right often depends on the weight of governmental interests and the implications of related political and social structures. Because the relationship between speech and poli- tics is particularly close, the definition of "freedom of speech" is often intertwined with the underlying presuppositions of the political system and past or present assessments of its stability. This relationship between speech and political structures is particu- larly evident in the case of political speech, which may stir individuals and groups to action or which may exert a more subtle influence on the nature and continuity of political processes.
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  • The Debate Over Japan's Rising Sun Flag
    NIDS コメンタリー第 89 号 The Debate over Japan’s Rising Sun Flag SHOJI Junichiro, Vice President for Academic Affairs No. 89, November 26, 2019 Introduction Korea, just as Germany proscribed the Nazi’s In October 2018, South Korea hosted an international predominant symbol, the swastika (known in German as fleet review off the coast of Jeju Island. Their navy the Hakenkreuz, or “hooked cross”). requested that the vessels of participating countries only In this article, I set aside the Japanese Government’s fly their national flag and the South Korean flag at the legal justifications for displaying the Kyokujitsuki. event. This request was chiefly targeted at Japan because Instead, I analyze a key narrative behind the controversy, South Korea wanted Japanese vessels to refrain from which equates the symbol to the Nazi swastika and flying the Kyokujitsuki, or “Rising Sun Flag,” which is identifies it as a “war crime flag.” the naval ensign of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). 1 The Nazi Swastika: Symbolizing a Regime and its Ideology Japan refused to comply with the request. The Minister of Defense, Itsunori Onodera, replied, “Our naval vessels The swastika is an ancient Sanskrit symbol that can be must display the ensign under domestic laws, according traced back millennia. It has been prominently featured to the Self-Defense Forces Act. Moreover, the United in religions that originated in India, such as Hinduism Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea mandates that and Buddhism. However, in the late nineteenth and early warships must bear an external mark distinguishing the twentieth century, the swastika became entwined with ship’s nationality, and that’s exactly what the flag in nationalist movements, especially in Germany, where it question is.” Since South Korea was unconvinced by this symbolized the Aryan “master race.”1 In the 1920s, the argument, the succeeding Minister of Defense in Japan, Nazi Party adopted the swastika as its official flag.
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  • German Judicial System
    German Judicial System The German legal system is a civil law based on a comprehensive compendium of statutes, as compared to the common law systems. Germany uses an inquisitorial system where the judges are actively involved in investigating the facts of the case, as compared to an adversarial system where the role of the judge is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecutor and the defendant. The independence of the judiciary is historically older than democracy in Germany. The organisation of courts is traditionally strong, and almost all federal and state actions are subject to judicial review. Law Germany's source of law is the 1949 Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland) – its Constitution - which sets up the modern judiciary, but the law adjudicated in court comes from the German Codes; thus, German law is primarily codal in nature. The court system adjudicates 1. public law (öffentliches Recht), that is, administrative law (civil-government litigation or litigation between two government bodies) and criminal law; and 2. private law (Privatrecht). German law is mainly based on early Byzantine law, specifically Justinian's Code, and to a lesser extent the Napoleonic Code. The Constitution directly invests supreme judicial power in the Constitutional Court as well as other federal courts and the courts of each Federal State (Länder). The court system is inquisitorial, thus judicial officers personally enter proof and testimony into evidence, with the plaintiffs and their counsel merely assisting, although in some courts evidence can only be tendered by plaintiffs. Criminal and private laws are codified on the national level in the Strafgesetzbuch (StGB) and the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) respectively.
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  • Banning the Face Veil 'As a Symbol'
    C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/5001400/WORKINGFOLDER/BREMS/9781107058309C07.3D 184 [184–193] 8.5.2014 9:53PM 7 SYMPTOMATIC SYMBOLISM: BANNING THE FACE VEIL ‘AS A SYMBOL’ Jogchum Vrielink ‘The burqa is a symbol of women’s oppression ... It is worse than the swastika’.1 A Belgian public intellectual made this statement, as part of his arguments in favour of the country’s ‘burqa ban’. Similar reasons for banning the face veil have been advanced in both the French and Belgian parliaments, and elsewhere. Proponents of a ban have claimed, for instance, that face veils (or the practice of wearing them) cannot be regarded as anything other than a symbol that entails a ‘debasement of the concepts of humanity and women’.2 Relatedly, the face veil is often regarded as an emblem or sign that is inextricably associated with misogynist and otherwise anti- democratic regimes such as that of the Taliban in Afghanistan,3 and Part of this chapter is based on a text co-authored with Eva Brems and Saïla Ouald Chaib (Brems et al. 2013). 1 Moral philosopher Etienne Vermeersch quoted in Verschelden (2012). After having been called to account on this statement by the editor of a Jewish magazine, Vermeersch apologized for his statement. He did maintain ‘the burqa is a symbol of the oppression of women, and of a whole range of fundamentalist ideas’. 2 Parliamentary proceedings, Belgian Chamber 2010–11, 28 April 2011: 38. See also Parliamentary report, Belgian Chamber 2010–11, no. 53–219/4: 19. For France, see e.g. French Parliament, Assemblée nationale, Rapport d’information fait au nom de la delegation aux droits des femmes et à l’égalité des chances entre les homes et les femmes sur le projet de loi interdisant la dissimulation du visage: 15; French Parliament, Assemblée nationale, Discussion en séance publique, première séance du mercredi 7 juillet 2010.
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  • Für Führer, Volk Und Vaterland (PDF, 3,9
    Justizbehörde Hamburg (Hg.) Dr. Klaus Bästlein, Helge Grabitz, Wolfgang Scheffler (Red.) »FÜR FÜHRER, VOLK UND VATERLAND ...« Hamburger Justiz im Nationalsozialismus Justizbehörde Hamburg (Hg.) »Für Führer, Volk und Vaterland ...« Hamburger Justiz im Nationalsozialismus Dr. Klaus Bästlein, Helge Grabitz, Wolfgang Scheffler (Red.) Justizbehörde Hamburg (Hg.) »Für Führer, Volk und Vaterland ...« Hamburger Justiz im Nationalsozialismus Dr. Klaus Bästlein, Helge Grabitz, Wolfgang Scheffler (Red.) Nachdruck 2019 1. Auflage 1992 © Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Justizbehörde Herausgeber: Justizbehörde, Drehbahn 36, 20354 Hamburg Umschlag-, Buchgestaltung und Satz Landesbetrieb Geoinformation und Vermessung Alle Rechte vorbehalten. ISBN: 978-3-00-062119-2 E-Book-ISBN: 978-3-00-062120-8 Inhaltsverzeichnis Dr. Till Steffen Vorwort zum Nachdruck S. I Dr. Klaus Bästlein Einführung zur Neuauflage des Bandes „Hamburger Justiz im Nationalsozialismus“ S. III Lore Maria Peschel-Gutzeit Vorwort S. 7 Wolfgang Scheffler/Helge Grabitz/Klaus Bästlein Einführung S. 9 Helge Grabitz In vorauseilendem Gehorsam ... Die Hamburger Justiz im »Führer-Staat«. Normative Grundlagen und politisch-administrative Tendenzen S. 21 Vorbemerkung S. 21 – Einstieg in den Unrechtsstaat 1933–1939 S. 23 – »Der Kampf um Ehre und Recht« 1939–1942 S. 47 – Hitler als Oberster Gerichtsherr 1942–1945 S. 61 – Nachbemerkung S.72. Klaus Bästlein Vom hanseatischen Richtertum zum nationalsozialistischen Justizverbrechen. Zur Person und Tätigkeit Curt Rothenbergers 1896-1959 S. 74 Prägungen: Elternhaus, Schule, Kriegsdienst, Studium und Referendariat S. 76 – Hamburgischer Rich- ter und Verwaltungsbeamter S. 82 – Justizsenator und Präsident des Hanseatischen Oberlandesgerichts S. 94 – Staatssekretär im Reichsjustizministerium S.118 – Angeklagter im Nürnberger »Juristenprozeß« S. 128 – Schleswig-Holsteinischer Pensionär und Hamburger Repetitor S. 133 – Schlußbetrachtung S. 143. Hans-Konrad Stein-Stegemann In der »Rechtsabteilung« des »Unrechts-Staates«: Richter und Staatsanwälte in Hamburg 1933–1945 S.
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  • Yes German Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch, Stgb)
    Reference: yes BGHSt: no Publication: yes German Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch, StGB) Section 129a(1), subparagraph 1, Section 129b(1) On participation in the terrorist organisation ‘Islamic State’ as a member through activities in the area under its control (continuation of Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof, BGH), order of 22 March 2018 - StB 32/17). BGH, order of 15 May 2019 - AK 22/19 FEDERAL COURT OF JUSTICE ORDER AK 22/19 of 15 May 2019 in the criminal proceedings against.... alias:..... for membership in a foreign terrorist organisation inter alia This document has been anonymised. The translation has been provided by GNS and Eurojust and is not an official translation - 2 - ECLI:DE:BGH:2019:150519BAK22.19.0 After hearing the accused and her defence lawyer, the 3rd Criminal Chamber of the Federal Court of Justice, in accordance with Sections 121 and 122 of the German Code of Criminal Procedure (Strafprozeßordnung, StPO), ordered as follows on 15 May 2019: The remand detention must be continued. Any further review of the remand detention required will be carried out by the Federal Court of Justice in three months’ time. Until this time, the review of the remand detention is referred to Düsseldorf Higher Regional Court. Reasons: I. 1. On 17 October 2018, the accused was arrested on the basis of an arrest warrant issued by the investigating judge of the Federal Court of Justice (4 BGs 204/18) on 15 October 2018 and has been in uninterrupted remand detention since this time. 2. The subject of the arrest warrant is the charge
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  • Prosecuting War Crimes of Outrage Upon Personal Dignity Based On
    Prosecuting war crimes of outrage upon personal dignity based on evidence from open sources – Legal framework and recent developments in the Member States of the European Union The Hague, February 2018 i The Genocide Network The ‘European Network of contact points in respect of persons responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes’ (the ‘Genocide Network’) was established by the Council of the EU in 2002 to ensure close cooperation between the national authorities in investigating and prosecuting the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The Network facilitates the exchange of information among practitioners, encourages cooperation between national authorities in different Member States and provides a forum for sharing knowledge and best practice. The Genocide Network is supported in its work through its Secretariat, based at Eurojust in The Hague. This report has been prepared by the Secretariat of the Genocide Network and is meant solely for information. For further information, please contact: Genocide Network Secretariat EUROJUST, Johaan de Wittlaan 9, 2517 JR The Hague P.O. Box 16183, 2500 BD The Hague Phone: +31 70 412 5579 – Fax: +31 70 412 553 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.genocidenetwork.eurojust.europa.eu ii Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Legal Framework: outrages upon personal dignity .......................................................................
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  • Germany to the Questionnaire from the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion Or Belief to States on Antisemitism
    Answer by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany to the Questionnaire from the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief to States on antisemitism The Federal Government is deeply committed to combating antisemitism in all its forms. One of the Federal Governments’ measures recently taken in that regard, has been the creation of the office of the Federal Government Commissioner for Jewish Life in Germany and the Fight against Antisemitism in May 2018. The office is based at the Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community. The Commissioner’s central tasks are to ensure that measures and activities aimed at fighting antisemitism are better coordinated both at federal and state level, and to provide support to a wide range of civil society actors. The majority of federal states have also appointed their own commissioners, whose role among other things is to reinforce the fight against antisemitism. As far back as 20 September 2017, the Federal Cabinet took note of an expanded version of the working definition of antisemitism adopted by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA). This meant the endorsement of the working definition of antisemitism, highlighting the Federal Government’s commitment to fighting antisemitism at national and international level. The Federal Government recommends taking the expanded working definition into account in full. Although the recommendation is not legally binding, the political message conveyed by the recommendation can prompt all users to consider the definition as a shared standard, so that this definition can indirectly influence action. 1. Judaism Within the State: The Right to Freedom of Religion or Belief Question 1a: Is Judaism recognized as a religion in law? If so, what is the definition of Judaism in law? What is its status compared with other religions? The freedom of religion or belief is enshrined in Article 4 of the German Basic Law (constitution).
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  • Prurient Interest and Human Dignity: Pornography Regulation in West Germany and the United States
    University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform Volume 21 Issues 1&2 1988 Prurient Interest and Human Dignity: Pornography Regulation in West Germany and the United States Mathias Reimann University of Michigan Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjlr Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, First Amendment Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, and the Law and Gender Commons Recommended Citation Mathias Reimann, Prurient Interest and Human Dignity: Pornography Regulation in West Germany and the United States, 21 U. MICH. J. L. REFORM 201 (1988). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjlr/vol21/iss1/8 This Symposium Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PRURIENT INTEREST AND HUMAN DIGNITY: PORNOGRAPHY REGULATION IN WEST GERMANY AND THE UNITED STATESt Mathias Reimann* In the United States, new perspectives are slowly emerging in the revitalized legal debate about pornography.1 The debate has been fueled by conservative as well as feminist efforts and by the appointment, work, and report of the Attorney General's Com­ mission on Pornography.2 In particular, feminist lawyers and writers have called attention to the effect of pornography on the status, role, and, more generally, the dignity of women in soci­ ety. 3 These concerns led the city councils of Indianapolis and Minneapolis to adopt ordinances that declared certain sexually explicit material to be a violation of civil rights because those materials degrade human beings.• These ordinances were de- t I am grateful to T.
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