378 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 18,
Fir t Lieut. Mareus Aurelius Smith Ming, Field Artillery. Pno::\roTio_- L~ THE PHILIPP~E ScouTs. {Nominated :March 11, 1921, and co~med March 14, 1921, To be majors 'lt..'ifh
The A sistant Secretary called the roll, and the following Mr. JONES of New Mexico. Mr. President, some time ago I Senator an. '"erecl to their names: received a telegram i1:1 opposHion to the so-called Smith-Towner Ashurst France Lodge Sheppard bill, requesting that it, }W r€ad to_the Senate. It is short, and Ball Frelinghuysen McCumber Simmons I ask that it ·may be reaci. Borah Gerry McKellar Smith There being no objection, the telegram was read and referred Brandegee Hale McKinley Smoot Broussard Harreld McLean Spe.!lcer to the Committee on Education and Labor, as follows : Bursum Harris McNary Stanfield ALBUQUERQUE, N. 'MEX., February 6, 1921. Cameron Hat·rison Moses Stanley Capper Heflin Nelson Sterling Hon. ANDRIE1JS A. JONES, Ca1·away Hitchcock New Trammell United Bt.ates Senate, Was114ngton, D. 0.: Colt Jones, N. Mex. Nicholson Underwood . For many years I have been engaged in educational work, and Culberson Jones, Wash. Norbeck Wadsworth therefore feel qualified to speak on the subject. I protest against the Cummins Kellogg Norris Walsh, Mass. Rmith-Towner bill as a gross violation o! the letter and spirit of the Curtis Kendl'ick Overman Walsh, Mont. Declaration of Independence. I request you to read this protest before Dial Kenyon Phipps Warren United States Senate. Dillingham Keyes Pittman Watson, Ga. P. J. WECKA, Edge Ladd Poindexter Willis Pastor San Felipe Church, Old Albuquerqt,e, N. Mex. Ernst La Follette Pomerene Wolcott Fletcher Lenroot Ransdell 1\lr. JONES of New Mexico. Mr. President, I present certain l\fr. CURTIS. I wish to announce that the Senator from resolutions from the Wool Growers' Association and the Cattle Nevada [l\1r. Onnm] is detained on· account of illness. and Horse Growers' Association of New Mexico, which I ask The VICE PRESIDENT. Seventy-one Senators having an may be inserted in the RECORD without reading. swered to their name , a quorum is present. There being no objection, the resolutions were referred as HowARD SUTHERLAND, a Senator from the State of West Vir indicated below and ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as ginia, appeared in his seat to-day. follows: To ·the Co]lliilittee on Finance : CHANGE OF REFERENCE. We, the me,mbers of the New Mexico Wool Growers' Association, in convention assembled at Albuquerque, N. Mex., March 25 and 26, 1921, Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. President, I desire to ask unani desire to submit the following statement of facts relating to our mous consent for a change in the reference of a bill. Some days industry: ago I introduced the bill ( S. 775) to confer jurisdiction on the The winter of 1917 and 1918 in New Mexico was one of the most disastrous in the history of the sheep business, due to the fact that our Court of Claims to certify certain findings of fact, and for other range was covered with snow almost continuously from November until purposes. I thought that I had noted on it a reference to the April, which necessitated an enormous expense tor feed at war prices Committee on the Judiciary, but, as it appeared to be a claim, it to prevent our breeding ewes from dying. In spite of this expense about 20 per cent of all the sheep in New Mexico perished and the remaining seems to have been referred to the Committee on Claims. It ewes were so poor that they were unable to mother their lambs and a is not a claim. A similar bill was before the Committee on the 'Very light lamb crop resulted. Judiciary in the last Congress. That committee gave consid To save their sheep growers were forced to borrow almost as much as bo.nks were willing to loan upon their flocks even under conditions eration to it and reported it favorably. I ask unanimous con of easy credits and higher valuations. sent that the refei·ence to the Committee on Claims may be The fairly favorable season of 1918 and 1919 enabled growers to pay changed and the bill referred to the Comrriittee on the Judiciary. off a portion of this indebtedness and to partially I'estore their herds by saving ewe lambs. Yet they went into the winter of 1919 and The VICE PRESIDENT. Without·objection, the Committee 1920 still heavily in debt, and the enormous carrying charges due to the on Claims will be discharged from the further consideration of high cost of labor and supplies · forced them to add greatly to their the bill and it will be refen-ed to the Committee on the Judiciary. indebtedness. With growers thus deeply involved, and depending upon the 1920 PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. wool clip to ease them up with their banks and with much of the clip still unshorn, came the complete collapse of the wool market ·in May, 1\Ir. CURTIS presented a resolution of the quarterly meeting 1920. of the State board of agriculture held at Topeka, Kans., April Since that time there has been practically no market for wool, and 75 11, 1921, favoring an immediate embargo on foreign farm and per cent of the 1920 clip is still m the hands of the growers. Meanwhile war-time wages and other war-time expen.ses have con live-stock products that affect markets for similar commodities tinued, so that while there is no market for sheep and wool upon which in this country; an early readjustment of railroad ,rates on a to estimate values it is fair to state that most of the wool growers of lower basis; and laws beneficial to the organization and suc New Mexico owtl more than their sheep and wool are worth, the aver age indebtedness being about $8 per head as against $2.50 per head in cessful ·operation of cooperative associations, which was re· prewar times. ferred to the CQmmittee on Agriculture and Forestry. Our present running expenses are far in excess of any returns we Mr. CAPPER presented a memorial of Division No. 137, Or-der may hope for under present conditions, so that time is only serving to make our plight more hopeless. of Railway Conductors, of Osawatomie, Kans., remonstrating We realize. that the misfortune of our industry is in part shared by against·the enactment of legislation repealing the excess-profits all enterprises, as the result of reconstruction ; so far as this is true tax and adopting a sales tax, which was referred to the Com we make no claim for relief. But there are peculiar conditions affect ing the wool industry of the West which will cause its complete de· mittee on Finance. struction if not soon corrected. Chief among these conditions is the He also presented a memorial of sunqry citizens of Ensign, fact that owing to the adverse weather conditions recounted above the Kans., remonstrating against the enactment of legislation revis sheepmen of New Mexico, in common with others of the range States, were not able during the period of high prices to accumulate a surplus ing the tariff on coal-tar products used by farmers and stock to enable them to withstand the present decline. · men, which was referred to the Committee on Finance. Lack of a protective tariff caused the accumulated wool stocks of the He also presented a resolution of the Kansas State Board of world to be dumped upon the American market, so that to-day we have sufficient wool on hand to supply our needs for more than two years, Agriculture, adopted at Topeka, Kans., April 11, 1921, favoring without counting the 1921 clip just coming on the market: Therefore legislation to reduce freight rates on agricultural and live-stock be it products, which was referred to the Committee on Interstate Resolved, That we heartily indorse all the resolutions of our parent organization, the National Wool Growers' Association, in its convention Commerce. held in January, 1921, having for their object the relief of the sheep He also presented a resolution adopted by the first district industry. board, Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs, at Chicago, Ill., Resolved, That pending the passage of tariff J.egislation, we recom mend an embargo upon the importation of wool, manufactured wools, favoring the so-called truth in fabric bill, which was referred and sheepskins with or without wool upon them. to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. Resolved, That in case our President should not see fit to exercise his l\fr. WARREN presented resolutions of the Board of Trade right of embargo, we strongly recommend the repassage of the Fordney emergency tariff bill. of Evanston; the Pinedale Commercial Club, of Pinedale; and Resol-r;ed, That we particularly indorse the French-Capper bill, com the Sundance Commercial Club, of Sundance, all in the State of monly known as the " truth in fabrics bill," as providing just and fair Wyoming; favoring legislation to change the method of dis protection to the buying public and minimizing the unfair competition posal of States' portions of oil royalties, which were referred of wool shoddy with virgm wool. to the Committee on Public Lands. NEW MExiCO WOOL GROWERS' ASSOCIATIO~. Mr. WILLIS presented petitions of Paul Hickling, of Lisbon; To the Committee on Interstate Commerce : .John \Vooley, of Willard; and Charles Phillips Castle, of Dayton, all in the State of Ohio, praying for the enactment of FAVORI!' To the Committee on Banking and Currency : speculation in agricultural products, which I ask may be re LONG-TU.tll LOANS TO OWNERS OF BREEDDiG Hl!lliDS. ferred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Wherea.s breeding herds are the foundation of1produetion t() the stock The resolution was referred to the Committee on Agriculture men just ·as land is tlle foundation of productioll to the farmer; and and For.estry, as follows : Whereas a breeding business requires several years for suecessfnl com· pletion.: Therefore be it Co~STITUTIONAL Co~vE:sTION OF LociSIANA, 1921. Resolved, That the New Mexico Cattle and Horse Growers' .A;ss.ocia Res ..~ bill ( S. 853) to C'arry out the findings of the Court ofr A bill ( S. .891) . to remove the charge of dese1·tion against Claims in the case cf .Jacob Samuel Wea.-er (with. an accom George- W. Posey (with accompanying paper); to the Com panying paper) ; and mittee on Military Affair.S· • A bill (S. 854) to reimburse J. B. Glanville and others for A bill (S. 892) granting· a pension· to Bernard Mulhern; and to ses and · A uill (S. 924) for the acquisition of a site and erection of a A bill (S. 963) granting an increase of pen iou to Rebecca E. public building at Gastonia, N. C.; to the Committee on Public Philabaum; Buildings and Grounds. A bill (S. 964) granting a pension to Harri on Pierson; By Mr. CAPPER: A bill (S. 965) granting a pension to Maggie B. Sullivan; A bill ( S. 925) to establish in the TreaSUl'Y Department a A bill (S. 966) granting a pension to \Villi Gray Southerland; bureau of veteran reestablishment, and for other purposes; to A bill (S. 967) granting a pension to Edgar Travis; the Committee on Finance. · A bill ( S. 968) granting a pension to Henry Washington ; By l\Ir. McNARY: A bill (S. 969) granting a pension to Fannie R. 'Vells; A bill (S. 926) to withhold from sale and to restore to the A bill (S. 970) granting a pen ion to Jame Wiley; Indians of the Umatilla Reservation certain lands which were A bill ( S. 971) granting a pension to Celia Wilfong; 1 authorized to be offered for sale under the act of March 3, A bill ( S. 972) granting pensions to the officers and soldiers 1885 ; to the Committee on Indian Affairs. who served in the We t Virginia. State troops in the late Civil By Mr. POINDEXTER: War; A bill (S. 927) to carry out the findings of the Court of Claims A bill (S. 973) for the relief of West Virginia State troops; in the case of Omar H. Case ; to the Committee on Claims. A bill (S. 974) granting a pension to Jethrow Davis; and By Mr. JONES of Washington: A bill (S." 975) granting a pension to Joseph Harman; to the A bill (S. 928) granting certain lands to the State of Wash Committee on Pensions. ington for the use of the State university, and for other pur By Mr. SMOOT : poses; to the Committee on Military Affairs. A joint resolution (S. J. Res. 28) to provide for appropriate By Mr. BURSUM: · military records for persons who, pursuant to orders, reported A bill (S. 929) for the relief of the Museum of New Mexico; for military duty, but whose induction or commission into the to the Committee on Public .Land and Surveys. service was not, through no fault of their own, formally com- . By Mr. CURTIS : . . pleted on or prior to November 11, 1918, and for other pur· A bill ( S. 930) for the relief of Thomas J. Temple (with an poses; to the Committee on Military Affairs. accompanying paper) ; to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. TRAMMELL : By Mr. TOWNSEND: A joint resolution ( S. J'. Res. 29) providing for a SUITey of A bill (S. 931) to amend section 4a of the act ·of Congress the Suwannee River from Ellaville, Fla., to the Gulf; to thE> approved June 4, 1920; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Committee on Commerce. A bill ( S. 932) for the relief of Leonore 1\f. Sorsby ; to the Committee on Foreign Relations. RECLASSIFICATION OF GO\ER~MENT EMPLOYEE . By Mr. SPENCER : Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, I introduce a bill for reading A bill (S. 933) granting n pension to John Ward; to the Com and reference to the Committee on Appropriations. mittee on Pensions. The READING CLERK. A bill to provide an equitable ystem A bill (S. 934) to amend an act entitled "An act making for the valuation of the services of civilian employees of the appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for Government, and making appropriation for per onal senic-es the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922, and for other purposes," for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922. approved March 4, 1921; to the Committee on Appropriations. Mr. STERLING. Mr. President, I object to the bill being re By Mr. SUTHERLAND: ferred to the Committee on Appropriations at thi time. I ob A bill (S. 935) for the relief of Gill Irwin Wilson; to the Com ject to the introduction of the bill, if I may do so, under the mittee on Finance. rule. A bill (S. 936) providing for the appointment of an addi Mr. SMOOT. There was so much confusion in the Chamber tional district judge for the southern judicial district of the that I did not hear what the Senator from South Dakota said. State of West Virginia; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. STERLING. I object at this time to the introduction of A bill (S. 937) to reimburse I aiah Stephens, postmaster of the bill, the title of which was just read. Mcl\lechen, Marshall County, W. Va., for money and postage 1\Ir. SMOOT. Is not the order of busine s the introduction stamps stolen ; and of bills? · A bill (S. 938) to reimburse S. S. Buzzerd, postmaster at Mr. STERLING. That i true; but, under the rule, an ob Berkeley Springs, Morgan County, W. Va., for cash stolen; to jection may be made to the introduction of a bill, and I object the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. to the introduction of the bill at this time, and call attention to A bill (S. 939) to provide for advancement in grade..of certain Rule XIV. I have no objection to the bill being received. It officers retired for disability incurred in active service; will lie on the table, I understand. A bill (S. 940) for the relief of Willis B. Cross; The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be receiV"ed. A bill (S. 941) for the relief of John H. Galloway; Mr. SMOOT. The Senator can not object to the introduction A bill (S. 942) for the relief of James Johnson; of the bill. A bill (S. 943) for the relief of John Lyons; Mr. LODGE. Will the Senator yield to me fo1' a moment? A bill (S. 944) for the relief of John W. May; Mr. STERLING. Certainly. A bill (S. 945) for the relief of John Murphy; Mr. LODGE . . The Senator can not prevent the introduction A bill (S. 946) for the relief o.f Theophilus Nuzum; of the bill. He can object to a second reading to-dny. A bill ( S. 947) for the relief of Thomas Simmons ; Mr. STERLING. I call attention to the rule of the Senate. A bill ( S. 948) for the relief of George B. Todd ; and Mr. SMOOT. If there is a rule of that kind, I do not know it. A bill ( S. 949) for the relief of Gideon C. Corley; to the Com Mr. STERLING. I do not know what the rule means if it mittee on Military Affairs. does not mean that I may object to .the inh·odnction of the bill. A bill (S. 950) for the payment of certain claims of general The rule reads : officers of volunteers for three months' pay proper for Civil War Whenever a bill or joint resolution shall be offered, its introduction ser\ice as reported by the Court of Claims ; shall, if objected to, be postponed for one day. A bill ( S. 951) for the relief of the legal representatives of Mr. SMOOT. Oh, yes. J"ohn T. Adkins, deceased; Mr. STERLING. That is a standing rule of the Senate, and A bill (S. 952) for the relief of Thomas J. Lloyd; under that I am objecting to the introduction of the bill. A bill (S. 953) for the relief of the estates of Aaron Van Mr. SMOOT. The Senator is objecting to the econd reading Camp and Virginius P. Chapin; of the bill? A bill (S. 954) for the relief of Mrs. Sarah L. Nuzum, widow Mr. STERLING. I am objecting for the purpo e of preventi:1g of Joel D. Nuzum, deceased; the introduction of the bill in the sense meant by the rule A bill (S. 955) for the relief of the heirs of Henry Sturm, which I have just read. deceased; Mr. SMOOT. If the Senator will read the rule, lle will see A bill ( S. 956) for the relief of Ead Waggoner ; and that he has a perfect right to object to a second rending of tile A bill ( S. 957) for the relief of the Methodist Episcopal bill, and then it goes over for a day, ns he ha. stated, but he Chm·ch and the Presbyterian Church, of Keyser, W. Va.; to the can not-- · Committee on Claims. Mr. STERLING (reading) : A bill (S. 958) granting a pension to Arch Linthicum; Whenever a bill or joint resolution shall be offered, its introduction A bill (S. 959) granting an increase of pension to George A. shall, if objected to, be postponed for one day. Li ton; · Mr. SMOOT. That means the second reading of the bilL A bill (S. 960) granting a pension toW. H. Mallow; Mr. STERLING. Whatever the rule ma:r mean, I am not A bill (S. 961) granting an increase of pension to Mont. J. objecting to the receipt of the bill and its lying on the table, Musgrave; but I am objecting to the further introduction of the bill at A bill (S. 962) granting a pension to Arzanna Nesbitt; this time. 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 383 l\II'. S~IO OT. I Iurve i:u:troduced the bill, and if the Senrttor indeed, which originated entirely with tllat committee. The objects to it second. _:reading i:o-- :.'.lr .. -oRRI. ·. Is the bill, in it· nature, legislati\e? On tlte la ·t night of the last ·e -::;ion I moved to di cllarge Ow 31r .._ TEHLL ·a. It i general legislation of the mo~t im Committee on Appropriations from the consideration of tl1L· bill port ~Jr. WARRE1T. It might be said that anything offered in the ciary, all in obedience to the ipse dixit of some Senator or for House originated there, but it had nothing to do with this the purpose of carrying out some particular theory of his own. measure. But, l\Ir. President, the Senate ha never entered upon that l\lr. STERLI:KG. Tlle exact language of the House measure course, and the Senate will not dare enter upon such a course wa used in the Senate amendment to the legislative, executive, or so interpret the rules of the Senate. Why would it not do it? and judicial appropriation bill-- Because of the confusion, because of the very anarchy which 1\lr. \VARREN. Not at all. It originated with the Appropria would result in the business and in the procedure of the Senate tions Committee of the Senate; the number of appointees is dif if we did enter upon such a whimsical, such a boys' play, such ferent from what the Senator states, and the language is different. an arbitrary course in the matter of the reference of the bills 1\fr. STERLING. It is different in language, so far as I which have been introduced here in the Senate. now know, and I think I am correct in that, only as to the Mr. President, the right of the Committee on Civil Service to number that were to be appointed from each House. That is this bill is just as clear as is the right of the Committee on tl1e only difference. Banking and Currency to have a bill relating to the Federal 1\fr. Pre ident, as I ay, the amendment to the legislative, Farm Loan Board or to the Federal Reserve Board referred to executive, and judicial appropriation bill under which. this it. Just as clear is the 1igbt of the Committee on Civil Service joint rec1a sification commission was created thus originated to have this bill referred to it as is the right of the Finance in the House. But what was done with the House bill, a dupli Committee to have referred to it a bill relating to tariff or to cate of Senate bill 4106, and the report of 000 pages which came the raising of revenue; and just as clear as is the right of the as a result of the work of the Joint Reclassification Commission? Judiciary Committee to have referred to that committee a bill What did the House do with the bill and report? There is no relating to constitutional law or a bill affecting the revision of question about it; when they were introduced in the House, the Code of the District of Columbia. they were referred, although the measure for a reclassification Mr. President, the very text of this bill, aside from the sched commission bad originated with the Appropriations Committee ule of salaries provided in it, indicates where it should go ; it of the House, the reclassification bill and report were referred to indicates the general legislative character of the bill. the House Committee on Reform in the Civil Service. 1\Ir. WARREN. Mr. President-- 1\fr. WARREN. 1\fr. President, I have great respect for the The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from South Da Senator who bas just been speaking, and I have great _respect kota yield to the Senator from 'Vyoming? for his efforts along this line; but it does not become the Senator Mr. STERLING. Certainly. to . ·ay that legislation originated in the House which, as a matter Mr. WARREN. I thought, when the Senator introduced his of fact, did not originate there. We might go back 50 years bill, he mentioned the fact that he would submit a schedule to and say something originated in the House because some Mem accompany it later. ber presented it. As a matter of fact this originated on the 1\lr. STERLING. It accompanies it now, and is attached. Senate side, as I stated, and passed in the manner in wh~ch it Mr. WARREN. As a part of the bill? was offered here. Furthermore, when the report came back, it 1\fr. STERLING. As a part of the bill. belonged of course to no committee, but it belonged to the Senate. Mr. W ,A.RREN. Then, as a matter of fact, the Senator has l\Ir. STERLING. 1\fr. President, I refer to the RECORD and to only a part of his bill here. tlle inierences which may be drawn from the REcoRD. There 1\Ir. STERLING. I have it all here. is the RECORD showing when this matter was first introduced in 1\fr. W ARRIDN. I mean, on the Secretru·y's desk. the House, the result of the introduction there, and then the Mr. STERLING. It is all on the desk now. The schedule fact that it was taken up later by the Senate Committee on has been attached. Approprjations. As I said, the bill and the great report of the Mr. WARREN. But it was not introduced? Reclassification Commission were referred to the Committee Mr. STERLING. I asked that I might attach the schedule. on Civil Service in the House. It is here now. Later there was introduced in the House, at the last session, Mr. WARREN. And the chednle is to be a part of the bill? another bill, kno·wn as the Lehlbach bill, which was an abbrevia Mr. STERLING. The schedule is attached to the original tion, to some extent, of the original bill and report. Instead bill as introduced, and it is a copy of it that I have in my hand. of ha-ving a separate report, it was all included in the one Lehl 1\Ir. President, whom do we make the classifying agencies in bacb bill, a bill consi ting of 428 pages, as against 29 pages of this bill? Primarily the Civil Service Commission, on consulta the bill which bad been introduced in the Senate by the chair tion always with the beads of the various departments. Classi man of the Joint Commission on Reclassification and 900 pages fication is then to be subject to the approval of the President of the report. of the United States, the compensation fixed to be subject to the What became of the Lehlbach bill when it was introduced in approval of the Secretary of the Treasury ; or, should we have a lhe House? It was referred, and referred as a matter of course, budget system, and call the head of the budget by some otller not to the Committee on Appropriations but to the Committee name, or have some one else as the head of the budget than the on Reform in the Civil Service, of which 1\Ir. Lehlbach is the Secretary of the Treasury, then the director of the budget sys :?hairman. tem. This bill provides : 1\lr. Pre ident, just the oilier day, then-the effort being all That the classifying agency hall establish classes, allocate positions, the while to conden:se these bills and make a simpler bill, a bill and determine the compensation of employees as provided in this act, and upon the approval of such clas ification and allocation by the which would require less reading to understand-there was President, and the approval of uch compensation by the Secretary of another bill introduced in the House by Mr. Woon of In the Treasury, shall report such cla~sification and compensation to the diana. There seemed to have been no question about it. It is department head, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Congress not a bill entitled "To provide an equitable system for the valuation later than August 15, 1921- of the services of civilian employees of the Government, and And so on. making appropriations therefor." It was referred to the Com Then the report of the classification commiSSion is another mittee on Reform in the Civil Service in the House and ordered subject, the standard chedules of compensation still another, to be printed. and then comes the division of the entire service of the United . So we ha-ve every Hou e bill introduced-and there have been States into 11 djj'ferent services, with an average of 6 grades, three of them-referred to the Committee on Reform in the or 66 grades in alT for the entire· Government service. Civil Service of the House. Mr. President, here is another consideration. These bills in The Senator from Wyoming aid that when the report is made the House have been referred to the Committee on Reform in it is in the hands of the Senate, and the inference is that the the Civil Service. If referred to the proper committee of the Senate may then refer the bill to any committee it chooses. Senate, it will result in joint meetings or sessions of the two i\lr. President, the Senate, according to that theory, might refer committees and joint hearings by the two committees, and we a bill relating to rail.l·oad transportation in interstate commer1~e shall work, so far as that is concerned·, in harmony in trying to to the Committee on Appropriations. It might refer a bill re get together all evidence, all statistics, and all information lating to taxes and to tariff to the Committee on Appropriations needed in the consideration of the bill. instead of to the Committee on Finance. Or it might refer a 1\!r. President, in asking for a reference of this bill to the bill for the revision of Federal laws to the Committee on Appro Civil Service Committee I am not speaking on my own account priations instead of to the Committee on the Judiciary. Or, con altogether. Of course, as chairman of that committee I natu versely, Mr. President, if the Senate has that power, it might rally feel jealous of the rights of the committee. As chairman refer the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation bill of that committee, I feel it to be my duty tJ insist upon tbe und the sundry civil bill and the urgent deficiency bill-Qne of rights of that committee. But I am not speaking for my elf them to the Committee on Inter tate Commerce, another to the alone or for the Civil Service Committee, but I am . peaking for Committee on Finance, the other to the Committee on the J"udi- the right of every Senator to haYe a bill, the subject matter of LXI-.-23 386 CON GltESSION AL RECORD- SEN ATE. APRIL 18 wlridt i.-· consiuered by hi committee, referred to that <;om- new positions, and o forth; that bill ougbt to haYe gone to tile mitte . I can only as ur the · enat.e that if this bill i referred Appropriations Committee. Tn fact, an th nator find \ery to the Civil emce Com111ittee it will, because of its great im- many bills which, under his argument, woul 1\Ir. LODGE. I am only trying to do what I consider to be that bill met with the obstruction which it experienced, and, my duty under the unanimous-consent agreement; that is all. from observation of other legislation which was enacted by the I do not wish to interfere with the business before the Senate. Congress, I came to the conclusion that one of the difficulties I am perfectly ready to have the debate go on. with it was that it did not appropriate enough money out of the 1\Ir. STERLING. I hope the Senator will forego making the Treasury, for I had seen enacted by Congress on several occa motion for a time. I think the question can soon be disposed of. sion bills appropriating in lump sums $100,000,000 and $50,· Mr. SMOOT. Whatever course the Senator from Massachu 000,000 to which objections were not considered, and in opposi~ setts decides to take will be satisfactory to me. tion to which it was difficult even to secure the interest of an 1\Ir. LODGE. How much time will be needed? . appreciable number of Senators. Mr. SMOOT. If Senators will allow me to conclude my re It seemed that those bills were favored because they appro marks without interruption, I will say to the Senator that it priated lal'ge sums of money from the Treasury of the United will not take very long. I do not know who else wishes to States for foreign peoples, and one would be led to think that speak. I do not know whether the Senator from Kansas [Mr. the reason that the pending treaty apparently is about to re· CURTIS] desires to address the Senate on the question. ceive the assent of the Senate is that it has that magic and Mr. CURTIS. I ha\e no desire to speak on the matter. I am subtle interest which comes from a foreign stamp; that it is not ready to vote now. in the interest of the .American people, but of that of a foreign Mr. LODGE. If the Senator will be brief-- country.- There are millions o~ just claims of our own citizens 1\Ir. SMOOT. I will be brief, I will say to the Senator, pending before the Government for which it is practically im· because from now on, after the statement made by the Senator, possible to secure favorable consideration. I shall not yield for any interruptions. 1\Ir. President, there is no doubt in my mind, unfortunate as Mr. LODGE. Of course, I can not tell how long the debate it may be, that in the origin at least of this measure the bitter is going to take. I interrupted the Senator, and I do not wish political differences which have separated political parties in to cut him off unduly, but I do think we ought to take up the this country, and which at one time divided the Republican treaty with Colombia under the unanimous-consent agreement. Party, were the chief factors. I do not say that that is influ Mr. SMOOT. I am quite sure I shall not occupy more than 15 encing the opinion of the Senators at this time, but I do say minutes; and perhaps less. . that jn its inception and origin the antagonisms and, I might Mr. LODGE. Then the Senator from South Dakota will wish say, the animosities which arose not only in the great oppo i to reply. I think it wiser and more proper, under the tion party, but within the Republican Pari.;y itself to the then unanimous-consent agreement, that we should go on with the leader of the Republican Party, the late lamented Theodore business on which we have the unanimous consent, and if the Roosevelt, had a great deal to do with the favor which was Senator from Utah yields to me- · given to the proposition of stamping, as it were, with the stigma Mr. SMOOT. I yield to the Senator from Massachusetts. of shame an· act of President Roosevelt's, even though it in volved taking $25,000,000 of public money from the Trea ury TREATY WITH COLOMTII.A. in order to fix that shame in the annals of the Nation. 1\lr. LODGE. I move that the Senate proceed to consider the We all remember the bitter feeling that existed within the treaty with Colombia as in open executive session. Republican Party during the Taft administration; the willing- The motion was agreed to; and tlle Senate, in open executiVe ness, not to say the eagerness, of the Republicans to find some session and as in Committee of the 'Vhole, resumed the con- thing which they could point out and establish that woulu be sideration of the treaty with Colombia. embarrassing or injurious to the great President of the United Mr. POINDEXTER. Mr. President, I desire to state the States who had aroused their antagonism. I am speaking grounds of my opposition to the treaty which is now pending with perfect frankness about this, and only as to the origin in before the Senate, and which p1·ovides that there shall be taken the early stages of this measure, without which it never woul~l out of the Treasm·y of the United States the sum of $25,000,000 have been pending before the Senate to-dayr and without any to be paid over to the Republic of Colombia without considera- feeling whatever upon my part of which I am conscious, of tion. If the treaty should be favorably acted upon by a twa- either favor of or opposition to any of the great characters thirds vote of the Senate, the United States will receive in ex- that were involved in this transaction as influencing my posi change for this vast sum of the public money nothing that it tion upon the measure at this time. has not at the present time. We can not blind ourselves to the bitterness of feeling which I remember not many months ago observing with a great deal existed toward Theodore Roosevelt during the Wilson adminis of interest the efforts of Senators upon the other side of the tration, and I can not refrain from the conclusion that that was Chamber to secure the enactment of a bill which, by reason of a part at least of the incentive which induced that administra- . its peculiar character, immediately enlisted . my interest and tion to negotiate, under the secretaryship of Mr. Bryan, this attention. It involved a very small amount of money. It pro- treaty and present it to the Senate of the United States. posed to appropriate from the Treasury $57.50 a month for the I only mention these matters in a preliminary way for the period of 20 years to an American widow for the benefit of her- purpose of urging the Senate that they should be left out of self. and seven small children on account of an act of negli- consideration in the determination of this treaty and their gence of the Government. conclusions upon it. We should cast aside the differences of The husband of this Y.·owan, the father of these children, a the past, whether within the Republican Party or between the small and · ~ or but industrious and upright farmer, an Ameri- Democratic Party and the Republican Party, and deal with· the can citizen, standing in the doorway of his humble home, was measure in a judicial way and as a matter of State policy upon stricken down and killed by a stray shot which had been fired the conditions which exist in the light of its origin and the his from a Government proving ground in the wrong direction, torical events with which it bas been connected. under circumstances indicating gross negligence on the part of I do not think the position of certain Senators upon the those who were responsible for it, a clear case where, under the question is material. Many great Senators who are now rules of the common law, and in the performance of the obliga- constituting the chief influence . which is leading toward tions of an upright Government compensation should have been favorable action upon the treaty, a.pparent1y-I hope I am mis paid to those who were so grievously injured by the negligence taken as to its being favorable-were among those who mnde of their Government. the most unanswerable arguments against it upon former But I noticed that the Senator in charge of the bill was con- occasion~ Their language has been pointed out; but very fronted by many difficulties and discouragements. Objection briefly, in a very short excerpt from it, I wish again to call after objection was made. It was argued that it would set a it to the attention of the Senate. precedent under which similar enactments would be made for The Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE], the Senator the payment of money from the Treasury, that it was ex- from North Dakota [Mr. McCUMBER], the Senator from Con travagant, that it was unprecedented, and the consequence was, necticut [1\Ir. BRANDEGEE], and the· then Senator from New so far as I am aware, certainly at that time, that the bill failed Mexico, Mr. Fall, along with the distinguished Senator from of passage. Idaho [Mr. BoRAHL who still entertains the same view that he I observe with a great deal of interest that some of those who held at that time, in a minority report upon this treaty u ed were most insistent in their objection upon the ground of ex- the following language: travagance to that bill for the compensation of the woman and AnotheT grave objection to this treaty will be found in the first . child. h h d b · · . d b th lla f th clause of article 2, which mak~>s an exception in favor of Colombian h er ren, w 0 a een IDJUie Y e neg. oence O e transit of the canal, particularly for her ships, munitions of war, Government, are now among those who are most VIgorously sup-~ and armed forces, not provided for in the Hay-Pauncefote treaty. It porting the appropriation of $25,000,000 from the Treasury to discriminate~ as to can.al tolls for all such transit agains_t all othc;r ay to a foreign people upon an alleged obligation which does Latin Ame_riCan countnes, as well .as agai~s! our own ships even. m P . . . . . the coastwise trade. It places us m a positiOn where, even grantmg not exist m fact. I had some curiOsity to know why It was that our right to refuse transit to the armed forces and vessels of countries 388. C~NGR.ESSION .i\.L RECORD-SEN.A.. TE. APRIL 18, at war with us, Coloml.J ia might pa the yessels of the countries with to be considered sine r e as these who haYe <:banged their posi· which we are a t war through the canal by putting them under her ow11 flag and cliliming them as her nationals. tion. The second objection which lies against any possible treaty with 1\fr. POINDEXTER. Undoubtedly; they all have a rigllt to Colombia at this time i t o be found in the fact that immediate and I hasty action is urged because Colombia threatens us with hostility. be. I am not attacking the sincerity of anybody. am sub· Any f riendship which is bought is worthless, especially when purchased mitti.I)g certain circumstance · connected with the development under threats which, when succe ful, breed contempt in the mind of of this question foT consideration, and I do not ask the Senate the ellcr and a sense of bitter dislike and humiliation in that of the to give them any undue weight. They appeal to me as circum· buyer. No strong .and proud nation should ever consen~ to buy with money the abstention from hostility of any country which sees fit to stances which are worthy of being considered in fully under~ threa ten it. It is a degradation to which the United States should standing the origin and the presence here of this matter. never submit. I have attempted to form an independent judgment upon the 1\Ir. President, in r espect to those t-wo objections, that this question and "Would not hesitate to vote for the appropriation treaty is a violation of our obligations under the Hay-Paunce of this money for the Republic of Colombia for one moment be· fote treaty by reason of giving preferential rights to the Re cause Col. Roosevelt "Was responsible for the situation, if upon public of Colombia in connection with passage through the legal investigation of the rights of the respective countries, and canal, and in respect to the proposition that we can not buy the the history of the transaction, I cn.me to the conclusion that real friendship of a people, but on the contrary; the effort to Colombia had any just claim to it. I think that the position of do so creates " contempt in the mind of the seller .and a sense any man prominently connected with this matter in the past, of bitter dislike and humiliation in that of the buyer," the whether in the transaction itself out of which the treaty arose is ue is to-day exactly the same, without the slightest modifi or whether in the negotiation of the treaty it elf, is a mere cation, as it was when that minority report was filed. secondary circumstance, absolutely irrelevant except in so far ~<\.s I have already said, the Senators referred to are not sub as it may throw some light ·upon the processes by which con· ject to criticism for having changed their position; when a elusions were reached, and thereby upon the merits of the ques man's mind is changed it is his duty to change his position; but tion itself, which should be the sole guide of the RP-nate in jt it may be said of them, as it was so often said of a very dis· determination. tinguished man during the last administmtion when be was 1\lr. PITTMAN. 1\lr. President-- boxing the compass of contradiction upon the public iss~s of The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BOBAR in the· chair). the time upon both sides of various important question , that Does the Senator from Washington yield further to the Sen· he could not possib y be right in all of the positions which he ator from. Nevada? took ; that when he reversed his position he wa.s bound to be 1\Ir. POINDEXTER. I can not yield to the Senator at tlli wrong at one time or the other. So it may be said of these time. I shall be glad to yield when I have conch1ded my re gentlemen, without criticizing their change of position, that it marks. is a mathematical and philosophical certainty that they are 1\Ir. President, of course the ground. upon which we are asked either wrong now or tbey were wrong then. to make this appropriation is that in 1903 we did an injury I concurred with these gentlemen when they made the report to Colombia. On the 3d of January I listened very attentively on March 14, 1917, which I have just read, and the conclusions to the remarks of the brilliant and distinguished late Senator which they reached. I believe they were right. I think their frQm Colorado, 1\Ir. Thomas. He prefaced his remarks by jus~ judgment was just as good then as it is now ; I think they had tifying the attack which he was about to make upon the late ju t as much information then as they have now upon which to President Roosevelt; and I have no fault to find with any base their conclusions, and I prefer to follow their leadership attack which he did make. I mention that circumstance in as it was established and put upon the records of the s~mate order to show that that was one of the chief things he bad in on the date which I have mentioned and which influenced, per his mind. hap , others by reason of their di:::;tinction and their authority He was going to show something which discredited the United upon this great measure, rather than to follow it now when States, and the part which it took through its then President, they have about faced and turned their.back.s upon the posi in the securing of the right of way of the Panama Canal ; and tion which they took then and upon those ·who follo"Wed them there was no more brilliant Senator intellectually in this Cham· toward the rejection of the treaty. ber than the Senator from Colorado. There ·was perhap in 1\Ir. PITTUAN. 1\Ir. Pre ident-- some respects no more brilliant lawyer in this body than the The VICE PRESIDID~. Does the Senator from Washington Senator from Colorado. He had occupied responsible and eli - yielcl to the Senator :from NeYada? tinguished positions in his State and in the Nation for many Mr. POINDEXTER. I yield. years; and having declared in the outset of his remarks the Mr. PITTMAN. As I understood the Senator, he suggested purpose for which he "Was addressing the Senate, and with the that possibly the initiation of the treaty by the last administ:ra· command which he had of the forces of reason and of expre · tion was due partially, or might have been due, to some political sion, I take it that if there could have been found in this record antagonism to Theodo1·e RooseYelt. I should like to know if the of the Isthmus of Panama a single fact or circumstance whiclt enator aLso belieTes that the change of front by certain Sen would show that the United States violated its international ator · and their initiation of tlli ~ treaty at this time has a similar obligations under the action of its then President, the Senator cau e? from Colorado would have pointed it out in his speech. I sub J.Hr. POI:r-.'DEX~ER. No ; they say not; and I do not think it mit to t11e Senate that one of the most conclusive proof of the ha.E: That was why I '"'·as Tery particular in saying that that fact that neither the President nor any. other official of the Gov incenth-e applied only to the origin of this treaty, and I was ernment was connected in any way whatsoever with the revolu· free to say that I did not think that it was influencing, cer ti{)n of the State or Province of Panama is the fact that tlw tainly not con ciously, any Senators upon either side of the Senator from Colorado failed to give any evidence of it; and Chamber at this time. I wa speaking in the utmost sincerity. he interpolated even in his speech a confession of the fact that I know the feeling toward Col. Roosevelt of the late distin there was no evidence that this movement was initiated by guished Senator from Missouri, who was the chairman of the anybody connected with the Government of the United State . Foreign Relations Committee ; everybody is familiar with the He did show that Bunan-Varilla assisted in planning the revolu wide chasm which deYcloped between 1\fr. Taft and 1\fr. Roose tion, but did not claim that this Government was in any way velt during 1\fr. Taft's administration; everybody is familiar responsible for his actions. No one has offered a scintilla of with the intense hostility, I may say, between CoL Roosevelt proof to that effect; and consequently I assume, having faile<.l and many of those who were prominently identified with the to do so in all the discussions which have taken place over this Wil on administration; and I cau not avoid the conclusion, subject, that such proof does not exist. giving to the consideration of this measure that knowledge of Mr. President, there is no doubt that the Government of the human nature which we all possess, that those circumstances United States knew that a revolution was in progress. A great unconsciously, it may be, furnished one of the chief incentives deal of labor has been devoted to proving that the Pre ident for the negotiation and the projection into thi arena of this of the United States at that time had knowledge of the fact treaty. that a revolution was brewing in the Isthmus of Panama. Why, 1\fr. PITTMAN. Tile rea ·on why I injected this is because of course he knew it. .As President Roosevelt himself saiu, I do not think that cau e had anything to clo with the original everybody knew it that had any information or intelligence initiation of the treaty, and I "Wanted to call it to the atten about public matters at that time. It had been published in tion of the Senator, because if he believes that these Republican the daily papers of the United States for weeks prior to its Senators who have changed their positions are sincere-and l occunence. The names of the Panamans who were connected do not think he would attempt to reflect on their sincerity-- with it were given. Why, 1\Ir. President, it was not only . 1\lr. POINDEXTER. Not at all. I believe they m·e sincere. known to the United Stutes that a revolution in Panama was 1\Ir. PITTMAN. Then, undoubtedly, those who initiated the planned, but it was known in Colombia. It was debated in the treaty under the former administration have just as much right Colombian Congre s. ·when, on the 12th of August, 1903, the 1921. CONGRESS!ON .AL RECORD-SENA_TE. 389 Senate of Colombia rejected the Hay-Herran treaty, the debates On Sept~mber 10 the same minister said .to the same Secre upon that i sue disclosed the fact that they were awate that tary of State : that r.ejection meant that the Isthmus of Panama would rise in Since a report of the cruinl committee, tbe question has not been dis Tevolt. There was no secret about it. There is a. mystery con cussed in the Senate. First consideration of the report postponed until nected with the circumstance that, having known 'it, the Re 14th imltant. Fierce a"ttack to-day in i:he Senate upon the appointment of Obaldia as .governor o.f P.anama. The appointment is regarded as public of Colombia took no steps to suppress it. They apparently being the forerunner of separation. took no steps to suppress it ior the reason that they expected that the ·united States would perform that service. That was September 5, two months before the revolution occurred. tHe further said : Mr. PITT~IAN. Mr. President--· The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Wash {)f several senators who spoke, only the son of the President de ington yield to the Senator from Nevada? fended the ACtiOll of the Government. Mr. POINDEXTER. I can not yield to the Senator just now. · I do not w.ant to take up too much space 1n the REcoiiD in I will yield to ·him later, if he will make a memorandum of ~Yeading ·documents w.hich merely 1·eiter.ate this important point, what he desires to ask. but 1 want to read brie.fi.y f-rom a letter from Minister Beaupre Mr. PITTMAN. I simpl-y wanted to quote -some· of 'President ·dated September 11, 1903, addressed to Mr. Hay. He said: Roosevelt's language which I do not und~rstand. 1 have the honor to report that events -of interest. nave taken place 1n -connec.fion wlth the appointment of Senator Obaldia to the post .of .J\Ir. 'POINDEXTER. I am familiar with all that language, governor -of the Department of Panama. Senator Obaldia's sepru·atist and there is not :mything in that 1anguage to indicate that tendencies are well known, a"Dd he is reported to .have said that, should President Roosevelt had any hand whatever in t:he revolution the canal treaty not -pass, the Department of Panama would declare its independence and would be right in doing so. That these are his on the Isthmus of Panama. On the contrary, be denied it. The opinions thm-e is, of course, .no doubt, as 1 stated in my telegram to the distinguished Senator from Pennsjlvania [1\Ir. KNo-x), who still department of August 31., 1903. occupies a seat in this Ohamber, who was a member of the .Incidentally, I may call attention to this lunguage which the Cabinet at the time these transactions took place and is now sup porting this treaty, has furniffiled the most conclusive proof, by minister uses : The ·"Sl)€akers showed greater heat than I Jlave yet known them to 'his tmequivocal a sertions upon the fi.OOl' United States recognized Panama as an independent State. If Colombia upon the I~th mu. ··from Hpholding the sovereignty of there is ground for damages on the part of Colombia by reason the Republic of Colombia was historically inaccurate. Qf the United States haYing recognized the independence of Mr. WILLIAMS. That i ·ubstautially a correct statement. Panama, she has a good case; if. there is not, she has not. · Mr. POINDEXTER. I have just read, if the Senator will The United States carried on no warfare in Panama, caused no permit me ju. t a moment-- bloodshed, and did no injury to anyone. No greater benefit 1\Ir. WILLIAl\lS. '~ell, what I ·aid-- could have come to Colombia thau the construction of the canal. l\1r. POINDEXTER. I am orry the Senator was not here A few days ago the brilliant Senator from 1\li sissippi [Mr. when I made the statement. WILLIAMS], interrupting a speaker upon this side who was 1\Ir. W'ILLIAlVIS. I said that-- addressing the Senate on this subject, said that if he asserted Mr. POIKDEXTER. Mr. · President, I decline to yield. that there bad been any preceden~in the relations of these two The PRESIDING OFFICER Al\Ir. GooDING in the chair). countries for the United States restraining the Republic of The Senator from Washington declines to yield. Colombia from the exercise of force against revolutionists Mr. WILLIAl\lS. If the Senator does not wish to be in upon the Isthmus of Panaina, that statement was historically terfered with-- inaccurate. I have heard the Senator from Mississippi make 1\lr. POI~'DEXTER. I wish to finish the sentence which I many dogmati<; statements, and I have found from experience was endea\"oring to complete. that, notwithstanding · his remarkable fund of information, Mr. WILLIAMS. Oh, Mr. Pre ident, the Senator does not many of his statements are historically erroneous. I have heara wish to be interfered with. him make statements both in prophecy and statements as to l\lr. POINDEXTER. I decline to yield further. past events which have been equally inaccurate. I remember The PRESIDI.i'\'G OFFICER. The Senator declines to yield. upon one occasion he said, with the air of an oracle, that Mr. \VILLIAl\IS. The Senator just read a telegram from the Great Britain would not be so foolish as to execute a certain Governor of Panama, and said it affects the Governor of Co traitor who had been convicted during the war, and I was very lombia. much struck by the fact that the man was hanged the next Mr. POINDEXTER. The Senator from Mississippi lleclines, morning after the Senator from Mississippi llad made his apparently, to allow me to make a statement of what I did say, statement. which he does not know, because he was not in the Senate 1\fr. President, in 1902, the very yea1· before the occurrences Chamber at the time. I am trying to tell him what I saiu. I upon which this dispute ~s based took place, the United States did not say \Yhat the Senator has repeated, and if the Senator troops disarmed the troops of Colombia upon the Isthmus of would not interrupt me for the space of a moment I will tell Panama and sent them without their arms across the Isthmus him what I said. in order to prevent them from exercising force in one of their Mr. ·wiLLIAMS. \ery well. perennial civil strifes. Mr. POINDEXTER. I said that in 1902 the United States I want to call attention to some of the orders which ha,·e disarmed Colombian troops upon the Isthmus and advised them been given on previous occasions, indicating not onl~· the policy that they could not exercise force against the Panamaians or but the action of this Go\ernment long before the last revolt anyboay else in that zone. on the Isthmus-which the United States recognized-as estab Mr. ·wiLLIAMS. The Senator means ·upon the line of the lishing the same policy which it followed at that time. railroad? On September 12, 1902, the Seeretary of the Na-ry tele Mr. POINDEXTER. No ; I l;lleau upon the Isthmus of graphed to the war vessel Ranger at Panama, mind you, a year Panama. before the occurrences of 1903 and ha\ing no connection what- Mr. WILLIAMS. 011, · well, of cours~, the line of railroad is ever with them: · upon the Isthmus. We never disputed the so\ereignty of Co United States guarantees the perfect neutrality of Istllmus and that lombia O\er the Panama Republic. a free transit from sea to sea be not interrupted or embarrassed. * * • Anv transportation of troops wllich might contravene these pt·ovisiona Mr. POINDEXTER Well, we did; and I wish to speak on of ·treaty should not be sanctioned by you, not· should use of road be that subject now. Ne\er disputed the so\ereignty of Colombia? permitted which might convert the line of transit into theater of We ne\er took any part in the que tion when, by ·a. revolution, hostility. the Government of Colombia was established. We had a treatv That is what we did in 1902. On September 20, 1902. the with another power that was the so\ereign power of the terri .American representati\e at Panama wired the Secretary of the tory that is now go\erned by the Republic of Colombia. The Navy at Washington as follows: Republic of Colombia, that now objects to the United States Everything is conceded. The United States guat·ds and guarantees preventing her from suppressing a revolution, would not be in traffic and the line of transit. To-day I permitted the exchange of Colombian troops from Panama to Co)on, about 1,000 men each way, existence to-day if the United States had not recognized re\olu the h-oops without arms in train.· guarded by American naval force in tionary government upon the Isthmus. the same manner as other passengers; arms and ammunition w sep l\Ir. WILLIAl\IS. That may be true. arate train, guarded also by naval force in the same rpanner as other freight. l\lr. POINDEXTER. Mr. Pre ident, I decline to yield. 1\Ir. ·wiLLIAMS. At that time- 3, 1902, On October this dispatch · was received by the Secre Mr. POINDEXTER. I decline to yield. I will yield later on. tary of the Navy from one of our na\al officers at the Isthmus: 1\fr. WILLIAMS. Some re\olutionary army, which was not Have sent this communication to the American consul at Panama: "Inform governor, while trains running under United States J.>ro recognized, was in existence, but the Senator-- tection, I must decline transportation any combatants, ammunition, l\Ir. POTh"'DEXTER l\Ir. President, I decline to yield. arms which might cause interruption to traffic or con"\"ert line of The PRESIDil~G OFFICER. The Senator from Washington transit into theater hostilities." decline to yield. I will correct the statement that it wa · a naval officer. It l\Ir. WILLIAMS. Very well, then. · I will decline to interrupt was an official of the raih·oad. I repeat now: him further. Must decline transportation of any combatant- Mr. POINDEXTER. It is impossible to carry on a discus Kot any combatant of the Isthmus of Panama, but any com ~ion of this subject when one i. interrupted eyery half minute. batant of either side. 'l'hat was exactly what they did in 1903. The Senator will have ample time later on to correct me if I I am glad to see the Senator from MissisNippi [:Mr. WIL am in error. LIAMS] now in the Chamber. 1\lr. President, I will say to the l\Ir. 'YILLIAl\IS. But if the Senator does not wish to be Senator that I was just reading an order creating a precedent interrupted by me, then he ought not to comment on me. in 1902 for the action which was taken in 1903. l\Ir. POINDEXTER Mr. President, I must decline to yield. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, I understand a moment ago I am going to comment on the Senator's statement, and he will the Senator from 'Vashington said that he was going to read ha\"e an hour in which to reply. I am not commenting on the something in answer to something that I had said. Senator, but I am commenting on what he said. I think \ery 1\lr. POI~"DEXTER. That is correct. highl~- of the Senator f1:om l\Iis issippi, but I hope he will not l\Ir. WILLIAMS. I happened to be out of the Chamber when interrupt me now because 1 said that. · he made the statement, or perhaps I am misinformed auout his In 1 -!6 the Unitefl States entered into a treaty with the Re statement. The statement I made was that the United ·States public of New Granada. In 1861 the Republic of Kew Granada had never at any time, lmder any circumstances what ~ oe ·er, re was oYerthro\\n b~- a rcvolPti011, and the United States of fused to allow the mother country of Colombia to land troop"' Colomhia was e tablishecl in its place, and was recognized by or munitions at either Pnnamn or Colon. If the Senator bas the "Gnited States a · exE-rcising sovereign jurisdiction over the anything that be can rend to di ~ pro\"e that tatement I would I ·-thmu ·· of Panama anfl over all the other territory \Yhich had be glad to hear it. formerly heen under the GoYernment of .LTew Granada. The Mr. POINDEXTER l\Iy recollection of the F-~tntement of the Fnit~d States took no steps 'YhateYer to interfere with the Senator from l\fis issippi i ~ that be 1'Ui 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. 391 transit ncross the Istllmus to be interrupted. Now it is said the Panama Canal submitted to Congt·ess by 1\II·. Bryan when that the United States ought to l1ave taken steps to support he was Secretary of State, he fa.iled to include-and so, I as ru1d guarantee the . overeignty of the RepubUc of Colombia by sume, failed to consider-the treaty of 1846, which is the most snppre ing the reYolution of the inhabitants of the I ··thmus of important document connected with the entire controversy. Pnnama. The objection which the people of Colomhia had to the con In 1861 tlle Isthmus of Panama becam-e a overeign State in struction of the canal by the United States under the terms of the federal union under the name of the United States of the treaty was not a question of money. It was a question of Colombia. In 1886, without the consent of the people ·of sove-reignty. . Panama, the government at Bogota established a revolutionary The Republic of Colombia desired that the canal,. when it was constitution, took away the sovereign Iights of the Isthmus of constructed, sl1ouid be a Colombian canal. The United States Panama, and established a centralized republic under a new of Amelica proposed that when it was constructed it should be name; the Republic of Colombia. That is the power with which the canal o:f the United States. the United States is negotiating the pending treaty. We never The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair calls the attention guaranteed to the Republic of Colombia her sovereignty over the of the Senator from Washington to the fact that his time has Isthmu of Panama. We did guarantee such sovereignty to the expired. Republic of New Granada, a very different governmel\t,. which 1\Ir. POINDEXTER. I ask unanimous consent to inc01·pomte was overthrown by revolution in 1861. But as these successive in the RECORD in connection with my reniru:ks a brief extl·act governments have been consistently advised by our Department from the statement of Theodore Roose-velt to the Foreign Re of State from the incumbency of Lewis Cass and William H. lations Committee February 23, 1915. Seward, that guaranty does not apply to changes of government 'Ihe PRESIDING OF'FICER. Without objection, it is so re ulting from civil war and internal revolution. If it did so ordered. apply, it would have been our duty to suppress the revolutionary The matter 1-.eferred to is as follows : goYernment of Colombia under our treaty with New Granada. The prop(}sed treaty is a crime against the Uniited tates. It is We did not become a party for or against the revolution an attack upon the honor of the United States which it justified would which established the constitution of 1886, which destroyed or convict the United States of infamy. It is a menace to the futme well-being of our people. Either there is or there Is not warrant for undertook to destroy the sovereign rights of Panama as a sov paying this enormous sum and for making the apology. If there is ereign and independent State to set up what they called a cen no warrant for it-and of course not the slightest vestige of wa1Tant h·alized Republic under the name of the Republic of Colombia. exists-then the payment is simply the payment of belated black mail. If there is warrant for it, then we have no business to be on So not only has there been one but many precedents for the the Isthmus at all. The payment can only be justified UI>On the United States recognizing a revolutionary government upon ground that this Nation has played the part of a thief. {lr of a reeeivet the I thmus of Panama, which- is the ground of Colombia's of st(}len good . In such a case it would be a crime to remain on the Isthmus, and it is much worse than an absurdity for the President, complaint against the United State , one of those so recog who wishes to pay the $25,000,000, to take part in opening the canal ; nized being Colombia herself. for if the President and the Secretary of State are justified in paying the $25,000,000, it is proof positive that in opening the canal they are In the place of the federal republic, the United States of Co in their own opinion engaged in the dedication of stolen goods. lombia, whicli was established in 1861, the constitution estab-· lished in 1886, which was proclaimed as the supreme law of the 1\!r. NEW. l\1r. President. I shall not occupy more than 10 land and established the Republic of Colombia without ever or 15 minutes of the Senate's time with what I wish to say on having been submitted to the people, without ever being l'atified th.e subject of this treaty. I have listened with great interest by the people of Panama or of the nation, starts out with these to the progress of the debate. One thing that has impre~sed words: me in the arguments against the ratification of the treaty is '.fhe Colombian nation is reorganized as a centralized Republic. The that those who offer them are looking backward to the- eyents sections which compose the Colombian union and were called States that transpired 18 yea1·s ago, I feel that we should also look and national territories shall continue to be a part of the territory of forward to the events that are apt to happen 18 years in tile the Republic of C:>lombia, retaining the:ir present limits under the nal\)e future and what the- effect of the action of this Congress on of departmeDts. those respective events is apt to be. Panama prior to that time was one of the Federal States .of a I think that we will all agree that there never was a time confederated Republic. By the revolutionary action of 1886, to when it ·so behooved us to make friends, to establish and to u e the language of the constitution itself, there was set up a. maintain amicable relations with the other nation of the world, reorganized centralized Republic under a new name, which as the present. I think, sir, that that applie with particular undertook to make the previously sovereign State of Panama directness to the nations of the Western Hemi phere. We ure . a department in that centralized Republic. From that Panama limited by orne considerations in the steps we may take to revolted. that end. In 1841, long before these events to which I ·have just re It is true, I think, and unhappily so, that because of the ferred, she established her independence and maintained it for a World War, and as a result of it, and of th~ events that fol while. In 1S31 the State of Panama took part in the revolu lowed it, perhaps, if we are not without friends. in the worlu tion which resulted in the partition of Colombia into the several to-day we have at least a smaller number of them than we. States of Venezuela, Quito (now Ecuador), and New Granada. ever had before. If we are to have any business relations with Panam11 remained for a short while a Province of the State of foreign Governments from this time forth, for some time to New Granada, but in 1832 asserted her rights as a sovereign come, at least, I think it is manifest that it will be because State, in which relation she remained, with several intervals they. can not "Very well get along without what 've haYe and of complete independence as a sovereign member of the Federal not because of any partict1lar desire that any of them have States, first of New Granada and then of the. United States of to do business with us. Colombia, until without her consent the new Republic of Colom It is also true, 1\Ir. President, that the countries in that p01· bia attempted to impose its sovereignty upon her unde1· the un; tion of the American Continent that has for its northern boun authorized constitution of 1886. dary the Isthmus of Panama and for its outhern boundary The United States acquired its substantial and fundamental Cape Horn emerged from the war in better shape than did the rights in transit across the Isthmus by a treaty' which was people of any other portion of the habitable globe. From negotiated in 1846 with the Republic of New Granada and was geographical and other considerations they were not involved ratified between the two countries and proclaimed in 1848~ in the war and did not suffer the financial consequences which Under that treaty the United States acquired from the then the aetive participants in that war suffered. They are bettet· Government of that territory and its successors upon the Isth able to buy and to pay for what they get than are the people mus-because the rights attached to the Isthmus and, as Secre of any other section of the globe. We want their trade, but tary Hay said, "ran with the land ,.,_:_pri~eges for its citizens we are not alone in wanting it. We find our elves to-day as for a free transit, as it was expressed, aCl·oss the Isthmus by trade rivals with the countries of Europe; and the riYalry is any means of communication which then existed or which there greater and is pursued with greater vigor than ever before. after might be constructed. The countries of Europe realize the ability of the outh and By the same treaty there was establishedt and the Govern Central American countries to buy, and they are making ewry ment of the United States undertook the responsibility of guar effort to secure the trade of those countl"ies for themselves, anteeing, the neutrality of this tenitory. These rights have to divert it from North American to Europ:enn cl!atmels. remained until this time because, by the terms of the treaty., it That is all well enough in its way, but ·we also know, 1Ir. was to remain in effect until one or the other of the parties by Presiden~ that the people of the European countries know the 12 months' notice undertook to bring them to an end, which value of propaganda and they do not scruple to use it. They notice has never been given. Yet, in pre enting to Cong1·ess a are using it in the prosecution of their efforts to secure for document which was supposed to contain all of the correspond themselves the trade of South aml Centml .America. Xor do ence and all of the papers relating to the diplomatic history o!. they stop to see that the result of that propaganda is limited 392 COXGRESSIOXAL R.ECORD-SEX_.A_TE. APRIL 18, to it~ effect upon trade relatid the United States .. 1921. CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SRNATE. 393 of so>ereignty; and. ret tlle same Senators, or one of them, ~t Mr. POINDEXTER. Mr. President-- any rate, stands here and says that a guaranty of the terl'I 1\Ir.· WILLIAMS. Now, I yield again. torial integrity of the t;nited States of Granada, falling after Mr. POINDEXTER. 1.'here is not any dispute about tllat. wards to Colombia, meant a right to guarantee the right of The Senator has just stated the case exactly as I understand it. secession of the Province of Panama _from Colombia and to Nobody has tried to conceal any of those facts. I should like forbid the landing of Colombia's troops upon its own soil. It to ask the Senator, however, this question-- i · just as if Great Britain had recognized the Southern Con Mr. WILLIAMS. Well, then, one moment ; then I will yield federacy-- further. Then, if I understand the Senator, he is conceding Mr. POINDEXTER. Mr. President-- that we rommitted an international enormity, or an interna The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from l\lississippi tional iniquity, or an international wrong-- yield to the Senator from "\Yashington? Mr. POINDEXTER. No. Mr. 'VILLIAl\.IS. One moment. Let me finish the sentence, Mr. WILLIAMS. And that, later on, we owe no reparation. and then I sllall yield to the Senator as long as he pleases. It Mr. POI:l\TDEXTER. Not at all. is just as if Great Britain had recognized the Southern Con Mr. WILLIAMS. I am willing now to say that an interna federacy the morning after Sumter was fired on, only it would tional wrong can be committed for the achievement of a great not ha>e been so extreme a case. It is just as if Great Britain international end ; but, even then, due reparation must be made and France had recognized the so>ereignty of the Southern Con for the inte1;national wrong, means that have been adopted for federacy the day that Jeff Davis issued his proclamation for the accomplishment of a very profitable end. the assembly of the se\"en cotton States in congress at Mont Mr. POINDEXTER. I did not agree that we had committed gomery, Ala. any international wrong. 1\fr . .Presid~nt, one more word, and then I will yield. The Mr. WILLIAMS. I thought a moment ago the Senator did. Senator said we had no treaty with Colombia. He said we had Mr. PGINDEXTER. I agreed that the facts the Senator a treaty with the United States of Granada, and be said that stated were correct-that what we did was to recognize the Colombia rebelled against Granada. Mr. President, the United independence of Panama. We simply refused to allow Colombia States of Granada fell into three different Governments later on. to engage in war upon the Isthmus, just as we had done in 1\Ir. POINDEXTER. Away before that, in 1832. 1902. 1\Ir. WILLIAl\lS. I mean they fell after the treaty, wllen I Mr. WILLIAMS. Why, 1\lr. President, if Great Britain had said "later on." recognized the independence of the Southern Confederacy and l'.fr. POil\"'DEXTER. Before the treaty. had sent her nearest ships of war to Charleston, S. C., and Mr. WILLIAJ.\lS. They fell into these three different Govern to New Orleans, and had then sent Abraham Lincoln a note ments, and the Pro-vince of Panama fell to Colombia as a part to the effect that he must· not land any troops, then, according of the territory of Colombia, and the treaty with the United to the Senator's construction of international law, that would States of Granada did not affect either of the other two parts not have been denying the right of the 'United States Govern of the former United State,· of Granada. Now I yield to the ment to sovereignty over the Southern States. Senator. Mr. POINDEXTER. It certainly would not hav-e been. Does Mr. POINDEXTER. I just want to pursue the Senator's the Senator from Mississippi claim that the United States would hi-storical argument orie step further. then have had a claim for damages against Great Britain? l\1r. WILLIAMS. I will permit it. Mr. WILLIAMS. Why, if Great Britain had done that, and 1\lr. POINDEXTER. In 1903 the Isthmus of Panama re then the United States had won the war, and then we had come volted from the Republic of Colombia just as 'Colombia had back in the Union, we not only would have had a right of dam revolted under Gen. Mosquera from the Republic of Granada, ages against Great Britain, but we asserted a right of damages and consequently our rights upon the Isthmus of Panll.ma became against Great Britain for less than that, for allowing two cruis- the obligation of the Government of Panama as the successor . ers to be built in British ports and used by American officers upon the Isthmus of the Go>ernment of Colombia just as the and soldiers. That was the Geneva award. Government of the Republic of Colombia was the successor of Mr. POINDEXTER. That was an entirely different . propo~ the United States of Colombia, which in turn was the suc sition. cessor there of the Republic of New Granada, from whom we Mr. WILLIAMS. Infinitely less, and after the Southern originally acquired these rights. States had been fighting for two or three years, and when they Mr. WILLIAMS. Wh:y, Mr. President, if I understand the had borne upon their arms in the open field the glories of Robert Senator-and I am not sure that I do, and if I do not he will E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson and Bedford Forrest and Jeb correct me-the right of any independent nation to recognize Stuart, and a thousand men whose names will not fade in com the independence of a part of another nation depends upon parison with any names the world has ever seen. the sovereign discretion of the nation doing the recognizing; Mr. POINDEXTER. 1\Ir. President-- but in international Jaw and in international decency that dis Mr. WILLIAMS. Why, Mr. Pt·esident, let us he square witlt cretion has al n-ays been construed to be a thing to be exercised one another. Let us be square with the American people. when, the revolting· territory had made good its right. We did You wanted the canal. I wanted the canal. Roosevelt wanted not, for example recognize Texas as an independent Republic the canal, and Roosevelt made up his mind that he was going until six years after Mexican aggression had stopped. We did to have it, if Colombia went to the devil. That is all there not recognize the South American Republics until after many was to it. Now, in his place I would not have gone quite that European countries had recognized them. far. Perhaps the Senator from Washington wo11ld have gone 1\Ir. POll\"'DEXTER. I should like to ask the Senator-- a little bit further; but, all the same, let us be fair about it l\Ir. WILLIA.l\lS. Wait one minute. Now, for us to have and when I correct a historical error upon this floor, and th~ r~cognized a part of South America or part of the former terri Senator personally refers to me, let us be fair in debate too · tory of the United State of Granada after it had made its and when I con1e in and want to correct him, let him not say: independence good is one thing. For us to have recognized the " I decline to yield to the Senator from Mississippi " even when independence of a great secessionist movement of about 21 the Senator's name was mentioned by him. Panamanian · and a Chinaman and a mule and two or three Mr. POINDEXTER. I said that the Senator had an hour of niggers within 48 hours after they had declared it, and for us time.. in which to reply. to have made good that declaration by forbidding the mother Mr. WILLIAMS. I know that, and I might have said to the country to land troops upon the. territory of the xevolting Senator that he had an hour after I get through, too. But, all Province is another thing. The last thing is what we did. the same, I would give him my entire hour if he had any cor Teddy Roosevelt never played the hypocrite upon the question. rection to make that was necessary. Be said, "While Congress was debating, I took it"; that is, the Mr. President, just one word more. That is not the wout of canal; and if he had come out plainly and squarely, and had this. We had a solemn treaty with Colombia to arbitrate all said, " I thougllt those l)eople were trying to blackmail me and differences arising between us. Why was it that Mr. Roosm:-elt blackmail the United States, trying to make money out of us, and his Secretary of State entered into the first treaty? It was and, international law or uo international "law, I made up my because they dared not arbitrate with Colombia. Why did they mind to have a canal at Panama, and I had it "-that is sub dare not arbitrate with _Colombia? It was because any fair set stantially what he meant'--if he had said that, the civilized of arbitrators in the world would have said to the United States, world would not have hacl much dispute about it, but the civilized "You must put Colombia back in statu quo ante bellum. You· world has a dispute about _a h:q)ocritical pretense of recognizing must restore the Province of Panama which you took . away." the independence of a J)l'OYin ce that had not made its inde We dared not arbitrate. We dare not arbitrate now. I dare pendence good, am1 that eo uld not have made it good, and that not arbitrate; the Senator from ·washington dares not arbitrate. finally did make it good only by our stepping in between ft and Therefore we negotiated. It is true ·we >iolated a sohJinn ·the mother country. treaty of arbitration. It is al.·o tme that we violated it siUJply .. 394 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APR.IL 18, becau e we were big and strong and carrying a big stick, and took to do-negotiate with Colombia. Let us settle it amicably treading softly, and Colombia was little and weak, with a loud, and peacefully. If he had not meant, "I have done wrong to screeching voice, not treading softly, but without any stick at a certain extent," he would not have negotiated at all. The all. The Senator from Washington knows it as well as I do. very fact that he negotiated proves that he knew he had done Every man in the sound of my voice knows it. wrong, an international wrong. The very fact that he sent a The Senator reminds me a little bit of a man I knew in Mis treaty to this body proved that he knew it. I knew him well, SlSSlPPi once. I went to him and said, "You have treated so and I loved him, too, in a way, although politically we did not and so here very unju tly. He happens to be a tenant on my row in the same boat. . We were right fond of one another in plantation. I came to talk to you about it." some ways, and I think chiefly because we were both a bit What do you suppose was his answer? impulsive, and each, at any rate, thought that tile other was He said, "My God, Jclm, he is nothing but a nigger. You 1tltimately honest, although now and then each of us might know that as well as I do." • have been so impulsive for the time being ·as to do wrong The excuse for all of this is that Colombia was just as weak things. But I think each of us felt that the other would try to as that negro on my plantation was; but the negro happened fix himself ultimately in the right-try to square up his case at that time to have protection, and at tllis time in our history with God. So he tried to square it up by entering into nego it happened that Colombia did not have protection. tiations with Colombia, and the Hay-Hen·an treaty was nego 1\Ir. President, we had this solemn agreement with Colombia tiated and sent to this body. to arbitrate. The Senator from Washington said we had a Then later on he got it into his head that th"ey ,-vere trying treaty "guaranteeing us free transit." The Senator is the last to blackmail him, and then he got mad-angry. Down South man in this body to use language in a double sense, or want to we say "mad." By the way, the two things are nearly the speak with a forked tongue. Does he contend for one moment same language. A man very angry is a little bit insane. He got that the right of free transit granted by treaty to us a.cross the into that fix, and then he said, "I will take it. I have the • Isthmus of Panama meant the right to occupy the land, to as power; I am the biggest boy on this field, and I have the bat, sert sovereignty, and to construct the canal? and I am going to use the bat" ; and he u ed it ; that is all. Mr. POINDEXTER. That is what the Colombians claimed He had only this excuse, that he thought the other man was it was. That is why they objected to it. trying to "put something over" on him. That expresses rather Mr. WILLIAMS. What is that? Roosevelt's notion to a nicety. Mr. POINDEXTER. That is· what the Colombians claimed Mr. POINDEXTER. Mr. President, about how great a claim that it was. The objection of the Colombians to the building for damages does the Senator from 1\Iississippi think the Re of the canal by the United States was that it would be an Amer public of Mexico will have against the Government of the ican canal, under American sovereignty, by reason of that United States by reason of the fact that our Government eized treaty. Vera Cruz, recognized the Government of Carranza, and put 1\ir. \VILLIAMS. Yes; but not "by reason of that treaty." I Huerta out? was not referring to that. I say, does the Senator from 'Vash 1\Ir. WILLIA..l\IS. Mr. President, the United States in the ington claim that a treaty right of free transit across foreign first place landed a few marines at Vera Cruz to resent an soil meant, or could mean, a right to occupy the land and to con insult to its flag, and after the insult to its flag had been re struct a canal? The Senator must reply in the negative-that sented it reloaded its marines and sailed away. The United he belie-res nothing of the sort. Yet he has used the language States Government did not permanently occupy Vera Cruz, it with regard to "free transit" across the Isthmus as if that did not undertake to overthrow the Government of Mexico. I gave us a right to build the canal. am astonished at my friend from Washington. I have known If that gave us the right to build the canal, then why should him for many years, and I have never suspected his ·unity we have negotiated with Colombia about it at all; and if it until to-day. But he employs such analogies between things gave us a right to build the canal, then why should we have that have nothing in the world to do with one another that I negotiated with Panama. even upon the supposition that Panama think he must be temporarily off his base. had vigorously asserted and rightfully achieved her independ How could anybody draw an analogy between the landing of ence? The Senator knows that can not be true at all in law troops at Vera Cruz to resent that insult to the flag, and taking international, municipal, or any other kind of law. possession of the whole Isthmus of Panama, and making a "1r. POINDEXTER. The Senator is entirely right about that, treaty with a revolted Province, and founding our right upon and that was the position President Roosevelt took and what he the treaty, and occupying and holding the land, especially after published in a magazine article. He was not trying to conceal we as a Nation had endangered the liYes of a million men in anything. He said we had that right, and at the time this the United States some years previously in denial of the con revolution took place in Panama, which everybody knew was tention that there existed any such thing as a right of sece . ion going on, he was preparing a message to Congress asking au anywhere against a sovereign authority? I have known re thority to go ahead and build the canal anyhow. semblances without likenesses before to-day, but this sugge tion Mr. WILLIAMS. That statement I never saw. Mr. Presi of the Senator beats any of them. dent it is always awkward to bring a dead witness into a ·con Mr. President, I was speaLlng the other day about the Senator trov~rsy for three reasons : First, because all of his testimony not being an accurate historian, and I defy the record ; there is hearsay; secondly, because the various people who heard him can not be produced a single precedent, up to this one, where quote him differently; and, thirdly, because the dead witness we ever denied the right of the United States of Granada or can not be cross-examined. Mr. Roosevelt has been quoted on of Colombia to land troops upon its own territory. both sides. I quoted him a moment ago as saying that, " While We would have had the right to deny to Colombia the right, Congress talked about it I took it," referring to the canal. He under the treaty with us, to land troops at Panama for the pur seemed to be very proud of that at the time. pose of resisting our " right of transit." That is the only rig:ht Mr. President, let us get rid of some illusions, or delusions, we had. If it had been true that the Republic of Colombia was or glamours, or whatever they may be. There was no more of a trying to land troops in order to prevent our having free tr~nsit successful secession of Panama than there was of New York across Panama, then we would have been perfectly justified in City during the draft riots during the war between the States, resisting. But there was no pretense, even, that that was the not as much. The Panama secession was engineered by Crom object of their landing the troops. The cause of their landing well and Bunau Varma, and was chiefly engineered from New the troops was to subdue a revolt within their own territory. York and from ·washington, and the only bloo_d spilled in the They had no idea of preventing our operating the Panama controversy, as far as I now remember, was of one dead mule Railroad or preventing free transit of aur passengers or com and a wounded Chinaman, or a dead Chinaman and a wounded merce across the Isthmus, and if they had had any such idea it mule, I have forgotten which. Yet we are to go before the was our international duty to wait until they had made some whole civilized world and base a great right upon what is called overt act tending to show that they entertained such an inten- the right of secession, and we, of all countries, who asserted ti,on. that a people who bore upon their shining bayonets for four Mr. POINDEXTER. They committed an overt act when they years, with comparative success, their allegation of the right of killed the jackass. · secession, still did not have it but 36 hours in Panama, with Mr. \VIJ_.LIAMS. What did the Senator say? 21 or 22 or 23 men, a mule, a negro, and a Chinaman, and Mr. POINDEXTER. I say that when they killed the donkey ·an order from the White Hou e in Washington to the Nashville and the Chinaman that was an overt act. and other of the ships to keep Colombia from landing any 1\Ir. WILLIAMS. That might have been preventing the right troops, gave a sovereign right to the Province of Panama to of free transit of the Chinaman or the jackass, but not of the become by secession an independent nation upon the surface of United States. the earth! The treaty was not between the Chinaman or the jackass and Oh, let u: not stand tberP. WhateYer else we do, let us not Colombia. It was betwt>en us nnd Colombin. 'Ve got by treaty stan<.l there. l\Ir. Prt>!'.idPnt. Let us do what Roosevelt under- no guaranty of the right of free transit for nritish or Fren<'11 1.921. CONGRESSIONAL R-ECORD-SENATE. 395 or Chinamen or jackasses-. We merely got it for -American this discussion that has thrown any new light on that subject. citizens an Sheppard proposition or take a majority vote. It was argued l\lr. BRL~DEGEE. I have offered a resolution, which I by some tba t since it bad gone to the Committee on Rules, think can be passed by a majority 'ote, like any other Senate and they bad reported it, it only took a majority vote. It was resolution. If the Senator wants to move to suspend any rule, argued by others that since it was a motion to suspend the he can do it, but if he does, it will take a two-thirds vote. rules, it took a two-thirds vote. But I do not want to suspend any rule. I want to change the Mr. BRANDEGEE. Mr. President-- rule, and a change of the rule can be made, of course, by a The VICE PRESIDENT. Does· the Senator yield to the majority vote, just as anything else can be done by the Senate Senator from Connecticut? by a majority vote, unless there is some rule that compels a Mr. HARRISON. I yield. larger vote. l\fr. BRANDEGEE. Was it a motion to suspend the rule? Mr. HARRISON. 'Ve just differ about that. Mr. HARRISON. It was a motion to suspend the rule; yes. Mr. BRAl.~DEGEE. Of course. I regret it, but I as ume we Mr. BRANDEGEE. . Then, of course, there is no question do differ. that it took a two:thirds vote. l\Ir. HA.RRISO:N. I do not care whether you call it a motion l\Ir. HARRISON. There was a very great difference of opin to suspend the rule and pass your resolution or not, the fact is ion there. that when you elect to move to take it up for consideration, Mr. BRANDEGEE. I say, I agree with the Senator that it and then put it upon its passage, it has the same effect as us took a two-thirds vote. pending the rule, because if it had gone in' its orderly way ·it Mr. HARRISON. But there were several on the other side of would have been referred to the Rules Committee and reported the aisle who did not believe that it took a two-thirds vote and back, and in that instance it would have taken only a majority who contended that it took only a majority vote of the Senate. vote. l\lr. BRANDEGEE. Suppose there were; what force does that Mr. BRANDEGEE. Let me ask the Seuator if he doe not have in this argument? admit that Rule XL provides that a rule can be amendecl .after Mr. HARRISON. If the Senator will just follow mc--- one day's written notice ou the floor of the Senate? Mr. BRANDEGEE. I will endeavor to· do so. l\lr. HARRISON. Yes. ~Ir. HARIUSON. I hope so. But they base their contention l\lr. BR.Al.~DEGEE. Without any reference to a committee. on the fact that this resolution, having been reported by the Does the rule require that a motion to suspend nny rule ~hall Committee on Rule, when the Rules Committee made a report be lllade fu·st in order to make it in.order? changing the permanent rules of the Senate, it took only a ma l\lr. H.illRISON. It has been the 1miversal practice, not jority vote. If in this instance that had been followed, it only of the Senate but of the House, that resolutioll.S changing would have only taken a majority vote. permanently the rules shall be referreti to the Role Committee, Several Senators poke on that resolution. I want to read just as bills and resolutions are referred to their appro}wiate part of that debate. l\lr. ·LODGE, in the course of that discussion, committees, and if you choose not to ha'e the proper refc!"euce, 'aid: but to put them upou their passage without going to a om Mr .. Pre ident, the role which it is proposed to suspend contains no mittee, then your motion has the effect of so ·pendiug the rule, provision as to the majority requisite for its suspension. On the face so far as that is concerned, and it takes a two-thirds vote. of it it might be inferred that that meant that it could be clone by a l\lr. BRANDEGEE. If the Senator will allow me, I ~ imvly vote of a bare majority. I think in this connection it is well to consider the practice of the desire to gi"ve my theory about it. When I gave notice that I Senate and just what this action would mean. It is always a risk to would move to change the rule the iwxt day, and wllen I tood peak from memory, but in the nearly 22 years that I have bad the up here the next day and made the motion, I mO>(}d that the honor to serve in the Senate I have never seen an attempt made to suspend the rules for any purpose, and especially not for the purpose of t'ole be changed by the adoption of the resolution. That is a putting what is known as a rider, general legislation, and out of order mere method of doing it. I could just as well have read roy unde1· our rules, upon an appropriation bill. Therefore. Mr. President, I resolution verbally and aid, "I make this motion." I did make think that it is only reasonable to consider what I believe to be the universal practice in parliamentary bodies in regard to changes in the the motion. I could ha'e said, "I move as follows," and mncte rules. . the resolution a part of my motion, which it really is. '£here So far as my knowledge extends, in all parliamentary bodies of which would not have been any resolution about it. The resolution' i' I know anything, a vote larger than a. majority is required to suspend the rules. · merely a vehicle of eA."Pressing in words my motion. Now. to That is what they proposed to do here. If they allow this . claii11 that that takes a two-third vote, when a majority of· tlw resolution, which proposes to change the permanent rules of the Sen~ . te can do anything at any time by a Senate resolution, Senate, to be referred to the Rules Committee, and they should unleRs there is some rule which requires a larger mnjority is report it back here, it would take only a majority vote in that something I can not comprehend. in tance to pass the resolution ; but when they elect to depart Mr. H.ll{RISON. I was going to reau some vie,y ~ of Sen from the instructions laid down in the rule and move to pass ators who differ with the Senator as to that. 1\fr. BR.A..l~EGEE. I hope the Senator will not feel that the resolution without the resolution going to the Rules Com there is anything personal about this matter between llim and mittee, then to that e:rtent they propose to suspend the rules of me. the Senate, and require a two-thirds vote. 1\Ir. HA.RR.ISON. Nothing in the world. I loTe the Senator. I I l\lr. BR.ANDEGEE. 1\Ir. President, am free to say that l\1r. BRANDEGEE. I am simply trying to see if we can •Yet can not follow the Senator, though I promised to do the best I to a meeting of minds; or, if they can not meet, to ee ·,ybere co'uld. But what I want to ask him is this, Does he not see the they diverge; that is all: uistinction between changing a rule and suspending a rule! Mr. HARRISON. I am afraid our minds will ue..-er rnee:t on Mr. HARRISON. Indeed, I do, and tllat is what I have been this proposition. I was quoting from Senator LODGE, who aid: arguing. I have not been as forceful as I should have been or So far as my knowledge extends, in aU parliamentary bodie of which certainly the Senator would have seen there is quite a difference. I know anything, a yote luger than a majoJ'ity is required to suspend Mr. BRANDEGEE. It may be that I am dense and obtuse the lcules. about this thing. In my own State, in the legislature, it requires a two-thirds Tote, :md after a certain date in the session on the que tion of suspending the 1\lr. HARRISON. No; the Senator is never dense about any rules against the introduction of new business it requires a four-liftbs proposition. vote. In the House of Representatives two-thil' 1921.. CONGRESSIONAL RECOR. D-SE:N~~TE. 399 It seems to m€ that it is within the IJower of the Senate, as th~ Chait· The VICE PRESIDEx~· (:llr. MarslL'lll). The Senator from Te:xa.s moves has so well said, to settle this qu.estion for itself, and to settle It now. the adoption of the report of the Committee on Rules. The Senator It is not so much a question of whether by technical argument we can from Nebraska raises the point of order that ::t tTI"o-third majority shall bring a decision by a bare majority within the letter of ~he rule as be held necessary to suspend the rules. it is a question of whethl:'r the Sennte means to make a rad1cal chang.e The Constitution of the United States provides- in its whole method of conducting legislation. Therefore, Mr. Pre.si dent, I sincerely trust that the Senate will protect itself and protect Its Said the Vice President- rules by requiring a two-thirds Yote to suspend the rules on the first that "each House may determine the rules Qf its proceedings." The occasjon, so fat· as I know, when an effort has been made to suspend Senate has assumed the right to be a self-governing body, and under them by the vote of a bare majority. this clause of the Constitution has made its own rules, and has so sedulously guarded its prerogatives that it has even reserved the right Speaker Reed in liTiting on general parliamentary law said: to appeal from the decision of the presiding officer; it pars no attention Unless the rules themselves p-rovide for their OW11 suspension, they to anything that the presici.ing officer says or to an~· opinion he has if can be suspended by unanimous consent only. It is usual to provide it does not happen to coincide with the view of the Senate. that under certain circumstances and at certain times two-thirds may The present presiding officer believes that the Senate has reseryed to su ·pend the rules. itself the exclusive right to say what the .rules are, how they may be l\lr. Root in discussing this proposition said : adopted, and how they may be abrogated or temporarily laid aside. The present presiding officer does not belieye that it is within the prov 1\lr. President, I should be sorry to postpone further the report of ince of the present occupant of the chair to determine TI"hether Rule XL the rural-credits bill, but I think I am justified in calling the atten- · should be strictly construed in accordance 'vith the literal language tion of the Senate to the observutions of a great political leader and thereof or whether the Senate of the United States proposes to con statesman whom some· of our M~mbers are too apt to forget. I Will strue the same in accordance with well-known parliamentary procedure. take the liberty of reading to the Senate the first section of J"efferson's The Chair therefore submits to the Senate the determination of the 1\lam~al. I am going to read it because it seems quite clear that the question as to whether or not it requires a two-thirds majority to adopt question which is now to be presented is not a question as to what tbe the report of the Committee on Rules pro>iding for a suspension of a rule of the Senate shall be, bnt it is a question whether the Senate certain rule. shall be bound by its rule. .We all agree that the rule ,..,.hi<:;h prohibits general legislatioi~ upon On that proposition the yeas vi·ere 41 and the nays were 3-! . an appropriation bill is a wise and salutary rule. We would none of So the question of order was sustained, and the Senate by its us be willing to withdraw the protection of that rule from the public business. 'Ve intend to continue that rule and to insist upon its own action said in that instance, e\en after the Rules Committee application in all matters in which we do not individually wish to had reported out a rule fa\orably, it took a tw-o-thirds vote to Violate it, and thi! question now before the. Senate· is whether ·whenever pass the proposition. So I submit that in this instance, con a majority of us wish to violate it it shall be held for naugllt. Mr. ;r efferson says : &'idering the manner in li-hich the Senator from Conuecticut has "Mr. Onslow, the ablest among the speakers effecting a great reform by reduction of committees and yet one ~Ir. CURTIS. I am l'equested to announce that the Senator of the first actions taken bY the majority is to increase the from New Jersey [1\Ir. FRELINGH"CYSEN] is paired with the membership again. Senator from l\Iontana [1\fr. WALSH]. ::\Ir. WILLIA::\IS. Would my colleague mind telling us the The result was ann·ounced-yeas 26, nays 45, as follows: name of the author of the article in the Washington Post? YEAS-26. ~Jr. HARRISON. The author of the article is George Roth Broussard Heflin Reed Underwood well Brown. :llr. Brown wrote the article and I have no doubt Caraway Hitchcock Hheppard Walsh, l\Iass Cummins Kendrick Simmons Watson, Ga. that tlle information that he conveyed to his readers was gath Dial McKellar Smith Williams ered from certain Senators on the other side who really be Fletche::· Overman Stanley Wolcott Harris · Pittman Swanson lieved that a reform was to be effected, that some saving to Harrison the taxpayers of the country was coming about through reduc Ransdell Trammell tion of the committees. But the proposition that I deprecate NAYS-45. Ball llarreld McNary Stanfield is that they attempt to create that impression in the country Brundegee Jones, Wash. 1\foses Sterling in reducing the committees, and yet here in-I will not say a Bursum Kellogg Nelson Sutherland high-handed fashion, but I will say not in an orderly way-they Cameron Kenyon New Townsend Capper Keyes Nicholson Wadsworth attempt to increase the number of committee places on the Colt Ladd ~ rorbeck \Varren variou 10 important committees. Curtis La Follette Norris 'Vatson, Ind. I sincerely hope that the resolution will go as other resolu Dillingham Len root Phipps Weller Edge Lodge Poindexter Willis tions heretofore proposing to change permanently the rules of Ernst McCumber Shorh·idge the Senate have gone-to the Rules Committee-and let them France :llcKinley Bmoot consider the proposition. They are not going to take away Hale ::\I cLean Spencer . any of the power that has been vested in the chairman of the XOT YOTING-23. .Ashurst Gerry McCormick Pomerene committee on committees. We recognize that the Rules Com Borah Glass Myers Robinson mittee ha nothing to do with that, but we can discuss the Calder Gcoding Newberry ~hields proposition in that committee and then report back the resolu Culber on .Johnson Oddie Wal h, Mont. Elkins Jones, N. l\Iex; Owen tion in its original form, or with amendments if reasonable Fernald ·King Page argument should prevail on the majority members of the Frelinghuysen Knox Penrose committee. So Mr. U~DERWOOD's motion to refer the resolution to the So if the motion made by the Senator from Alabama should Committee on Rules was rejected. be defeated, then I hope that the Chair will follow the prece The VICE PRESIDENT. The question recurs on agreeing to dents and the rules of the Senate and hold that it takes a the resolution. two-thirds vote to pass the original resolution as offered by the !\fr. BRANDEGEE. I offer the amendments to the resolution Senator ·from Connecticut. which I sent to the desk the other day. The VICEJ PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion of The VICE PRESIDENT. The first amendment proposed to the Senator from Alabama [Mr. UNDERWOOD]. the resolution by the Senator from Connecticut will be stated. l\Ir. H..illRISON. On that I ask for the yeas and nays. The ASSISTANT SECRETARY. On page 2, line 2, before the word :Mr. UNDERWOOD. i\Ir. President, I understand the pend "Senators," it is proposed to strike out "13" and to insert ing motion doe. not go to the question that has just been raised "15," so as to read: by the Senator from Mississippi on the matter of order. That Committee on Banking and Currency, to consist of 15 Senators. will be on the final vote. I have no further dL-.;cussion that I The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the desire to present on the motion pending before the Senate, but amendment proposed by the Senator from Connecticut. on that motion I demand the yeas and nays. The amendment was agreed to. The yeas and nays were ordered. The VICE PRESIDENT. The next amendment proposed by ~Ir. UNDERWOOD. Will the Chair state the pending ques the Senator from Connecticut will be stated. tion? The ASSISTA ~T SECRETARY. On page 4 it is proposed to strike The YICE PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion of out lines 19 and 20, as follows: the Senato1· from Alabama to refer the pending resolution to the Committee on Revision of the Laws, .to consist of three Senators. Committee on Rules. The VICE PRESIDEJNT. Without objection, the amendment The reading clerk proceeded to call the roll. is agreed to. The question now ·is on agreeii1g to the resolution ~Ir. HARRIS (when his name was called). I bave a pair as amended. with the junior Senator from New York [l\fr. CALDER]. I tr::ms· ~fr. UNDERWOOD. Mr: President, on page 1, line 8, lifter fee that pair to the senior Senator from Texas [l\'Ir. CULBE.R· the word " of," I move to strike out " 16 " and to insert ' 17," so:'\) and vote " yea." ' so a.s to read : ::.ur. SUTHERLAND (when his name was called). I have a Committee on Appropriations, to consist of 17 Senators. o·eneral pair with the Senator from Arkansas [Yr. RoBrNSON]. I merely ask for a division on the amendment, Mr. Pre i I tra11. fer that pair to the Senator from California [Mr. JoHN dent. I shall not delay the Senate with a roll cull. so~] and vote "nay." The question being put, on a diYision the amendment \Yas Mr. 'VILLIA...\IS (when his name was called). I have a rejected. stan11ing }lair with the senior Senat('r from Pennsylvania [:Mr. The VICE PRESIDENT. The question now is on tbe resolu PE;-JI:osE], who unfortunately is not able ta be present in tbe tion as amended. Ohamber. I transfer that pair to the Senator from New Mr. UNDERWOOD. I ask for the yeas anti nays on the l\Iexico (:~lr. Jo:.Es] and vote "yea." adootion of the resolution. The roll call wa · concluded. Mr. REED. ::\fr. President, I do not intend to delay the vote ~Ir. DILLTI\GH~\l\I. I have a gen ·~ral puir with the Senator except for a moment. I appealed to the majority the other from Virginia [Ml'. GLAss], which I tran~fer to the Senator day not to take this course. It is in violation of the old and frow PennsylYania [Mr. K::Kox] and vote "nay." established custom of the Senate, a custom that was grounded ~Jr. ::\IcCU~IBER. I transfer my general pair vv-ith the junior on· very excellent reasons and which had been observed for Senator from utah [Mr. KIXG] to the junior Senator from many years. It seems to me that in a body of this kind we Kentlla Plr. OnniE] and vote" nay." ought not to draw hard and fa. t political lines in the matter ~Ir. :1IcLEA.N (aft-er having voted in the negaU\e). I have of the o1;ganization of the body it elf-I mean draw them to a l)air with the seuior Senator from Montana [Mr. ~lYEns]. In the extent of denying to a minority an absolutely fair repre his absence I transfer that pair to the Senat01.· from Idaho sentation. That appeal and the appeal that has been made by prr. Goomxa] and will 1et my vote stand. others have fallen upon deaf ears. For the first time, so far as ::\Ir. EDGE. I tram~fer my general pair with the senior Sena I know, in the history of this body a majority proposes to exer tor from Oklahoma [l\Ir. Owi<~N] to the junio1· Senator from cise its power so that it will possess an overmastering majority Yermont [)!r. PAGE] and vote "nay." upon e>ery committee. The purpose can not be concealed, and :.u£. HALE. I transfer my pair with the senior Senator from it is in order that that purpose may be recorded that I desire 1'ennessee [l\Ir. SHIELDS] t desires throu()'h every committee. We can talk about this either party, and stand out as John Smith or Jacob Thompson, question being mathematical-mathematics, by the way, which " here I am," but he can have nothing to do with a majority has its basis in taking one Democrat off and putting one Re unless he is a part of the majority, nor with a minority unless publican on in order to make the figures come out right-but he is a part of the minority. the purpose will be understood by this country, and it is the Mr. President, the English-speaking race has risen to its purpose whicll I have already described. present predominancy all over this earth by obeying the loy I venture the prediction that this act of intolerant anu arbi alty of party government; but there is an exception to the trary exercise of power will in the end be a curse to the Repub rule. In every legislative assembly there is an apparent ma lican majority itself; that it will provoke discontent in the jority and an apparent minority. There may be a real ma rank of that party; that those elements of the partY. . which jority working against the apparent majority, and there may be have hitherto occasionally manifested a disposition of inde less of a real minority than the roll call discloses. What I pendent judgment, finding themselves deprived of any power to want to say is this: In this Senate there will be a so-called produce results, will become discontented and disgusted, and Republican majority and a so-called Democratic minority, and that the machine now being organized for the purpose of abso there will be a real majority of the Senate and a real minority lutely controlling the business of the Senate will become as of the Senate, composed of members of both parties. .A. great obnoxious to them as it can possibly be to·the Democratic side. many men upon the majority side, placed there nominally by I venture the further prediction that when the· political pen popular election, will be members of' a minority of the major dulum swings the other way, as it will-for this lease of power ity, and some few men after eYery election will be a mip.ority of is only temporary; it is always temporary-there wlll be a dis the minority. It may so happen very frequently that a ma po. ition then on the Democratic side to exercise their powers jority of the majority plus a majority of the minority will in an equally arbitrary fashion, and that this is the beginning constitute a majority of the body. It may very frequently of the breaking down of that spirit of give and take which happen tllat the entire minority, plus a minority of the ma has characterized the Senate for many years. jority, will constitute a majority of the body. Now, if yon I know there are men who think that the Republican Party are going to have majority government, which is democratic is installed in power for the next century. I heard some government, you must have your rules so fixed that a real Democrats eight years ago talk that sort of nonsense with working majority may have itself heard. reference to the Democratic Party; but we found, those who Years ago I went through, in another branch of this Goyern indulged that idea, that we were mistaken. The Republican ment, this sort of thing, when they had it so highly organized Party was swept into power this time by a great popular vote. that a majority of 3 in a majority could withstand a minority That popular ~ote changed a Democratic plurality of a million of minus 3 plus a majority of the entire minority, controlling the into a Republican plurality of nearly eight million. That same entire body through the committees. It led to the downfall of vote is liable at any time to change a Republican majority into Cannonism after a while, and to the downfall of the Speakership a minority. So I regret that this action is taken. It is arbi in the other body. That is just about the course you are mark trary. It is unfair. While I can think of mimy other ad ing out. It is very probable that within the next four years a jectives to apply to it, they would hardly be parliamentary. solid minority, or very nearly a solid minority, plus a respectable I suppose it will be a great source of satisfaction when the minority of the majority may constitute a majority of this body; revenue measures come forward to be absolutely certain that· but when you constitute these committees in the way you do you can count a majority, even though one or two of- your own they can not act as a majority of this body. Their reports, their members think that the que tions are of doubtful propriety or bills, everything, will be the reports of a majority of the ma that the proposition is injurious. I presume .that you can jority, but not a. majority of tile Senate. Then will come your organize the Senate so that you can ride roughshod over a downfall. In other words-in nigger parlance--you will haYe minority. I think you are going to do it. I think all this "bitten off more than you can chaw" before you get through. debate has been useless. I think the first men who will have We went through with all that in the House years ago. They the iron enter their souls will be the so-called progressiYe Re ran that thing to its extreme limit. The Senator from Connecti publicans. I do not like to use this expression, but it is the cut [Mr. BRANDEGE~ was then a Member of the House, and only one I know of that covers it. You have yourselves voted helped run it to its extreme limit. He is smiling now. Perhaps to-day to hog tie your elves, and you will be in the position he thinks he can run it to its extreme limit again. DolliYer -of prisoners chained to the chariot wheels of the dominant rose up from the great State of Iowa, and the Senator from :Xe element of your party, and you will be led in triumph; that is, braska [Mr. NoRRIS] rose up in those days, and a few other men, in their triumph, not in yours. and there are a few of you now that are waiting to rise up, l\fr. President, I simply wanted to make this protest. I think and at the proper time a Democratic minority plus a minority I have shown by my vote in this body on many occasions that of the Republican majority, constituted then as they may con while I am a Democrat, I have reserved the right to follow my stitute now a majority of the entire body. In that case, if they own judgment on great questions that I did not regard as party can not report the bills out of committees, they can lJeat bills in questions. the Senate; and when the defeat begins it will not be merely a Mr. WILLIAMS. l\Ir. President-- defeat, a mere rout, it will be a revolution. The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Missouri Dies irae, dies illa, yield to the Senator from Mis issippi? Saeclutn solvet in (avilla. Mr. REED. I do. .l\lr. BRANDEGEE. Mr. President, I am almost overwhelmed l\1r. WILLI.A.l\IS. l\lr. President-- with these dire predictions of calamity about to develop within Mr. REED. I yielded for a question. Does the Senator want the Republican ranks, and of th- Republican Party being about to ask a question? to dissolve; but I understand, and the Senator from Mis~ouri l\Ir. WILLIAMS. No. and the Senator from Mississippi understand that I understand, Mr. REED. Oh, well, I shall be tllrough in a moment. that this is all purely professional. Mr. WILLIAMS. I thought the Senator had quit. Mr. President, if either of tho e Senators who are predicting l\Ir. REED. I was about to sit down, but I ha\e not sat disaster for the Reputlif'an Party because we do not give two down yet. or three more Democrats places on impoTtant committees really l\Ir. WILLI.A.MS. Mr. President-- believed what they are predicting, they would be the first to 1\Ir. REED. Mr. President, I . yield the floor. I had not rush to vote for this resolution of mine; but of course theY do yielded the floor, but I am glad to do it. not believe a word of it, and there is not a word of truth i~ it. l\fr. WILLIAMS. I thought the Senator had, because he said But, whether there is or not, the Republican Party is in power. "in conclusion." As the Senator from Mississippi expressed it the other day, we Mr. President, one of the most instructive chapters or books, are in and he is out, and it is our business to try to haYe a perhaps, in the history of the world is a chapter or book relating constructive program and put our measures into effect. In to the hi-story of parliamentary government. It is a history of order to do that, we must hav-e control of the committee. that a majority in power and a minority in opposition, and when are to carry out tl1e policies of the administration. Now, that ever there is lacking a distinct majority in power or a distinct is not tyranny; tha.t is representative government, the rule of minority armed with a common purpo. e of opposition free gov the majority; and we have done one thing, at any rate. "\Ye ernment fails. have adopted the maxim of the god of the Senator from 1\fissis The Senator from l\1h:souri is wrong in one respect. A man sippi, Thomas .Jefferson. We haYe rendered equal and exact can not be a member of a great minority party and still oppose justice to all men on the floor of this body, mathematically, the pm·poses of that party, nor can a man be a member of a equal; I will not say retributire. great majority party and still oppose the purposes of that party. Mr. President, the country holds us responsible, and if it A man may be simply himself, without any connection with does, it is fair that we should llaYe the instrumentalities with LXI--26 402 OONGR.ESSIONAL R.ECORD-SEN ATE. APRIL 18, ------~------wlli ·b to Ctlrl'Y out the-policies of the party. We are not doing The drummer looked irnpre . ed for a while, but after travel tlli" in any ·dndicti\e spirit. The Senators on tlle other side ing over that long road a little while lle said, " l\Ir. Birmingham, were perfec-tly atisfied to hnxe G members on e>ery one of how is the property ditided? " the major ·ornmittees, when the rule was that each committee "Well," he said, " I own 40 acres anll Vauglln owns 19,900 should ·be cornpo.sed of 15 members. They still ha\e their 6. acres, and I own one negro and Vaughn owns 2,999." They made up their list before the Senator from Alabama [l\Ir. That is just about the way the Senator \Ya.nts the country to UNDERWOOD] "ent to Bermuda to bask in the sunshine and bath,e understand the representation upon the committees. If we had in the wate1-s of that· beautiful subtropical island. His list had six and you had incrrosed your membership to 20, you remains as it was. We haYe not deP.rived him of a thing. We could make that same argument, and say that we still have haYe simply put one more Republican on each committee. That our six. Old Birmingham still has his one nigger and still has is the great national issue involved; that is the tyranny; that is his 40 acres of land, ancl he and the other. fellow together had the ruthlessness which the Senator from Mississippi foresees, the same aggregate, but they do not measure the same relative and that i" what is to split the Republican Party and put the result. Democratic Party in full power again. If that does it, so be it. Gentlemen, I do not want to constitute myself a teacher, be I "elcome the issue. cause I differ with my friend the Senator from Missouri [Mr. I belie-ve in the intelligence of the American people. The Re REED] in one respect ; I know in the first place I do not want to publican Party, of course; will go out of power some day. I teach you, and I know in the second place that you do not want remember eight years ago, in 1912, when we came back here, to learn from me, no matter what I may teach, no matter what and we were out, and you were in. and the pulchritudinous Sen- you can learn. But I was not trying to teach you fair play. ator from -ol'tll Carolina [Mr. OVERMAN], who now refreshes I knew you could not learn it. I am merely calling your atten the gallerie with his senatorial beauty, met me at the door here tion· to a little bit of history about parliamentary government, and assured me that the Democratic Party was in power for the ap.d parliamentary government consists of a government of a next GO years, and wanted to know what I meant, being a corpse majority in the legislative body against the minority, and when and buried, in walking around here and pretending to be alive. you so organize the committees as that a majority of the ma Times change and men change with them. We may go out, jority may overcome, in bills and reports, a majority of the of course, but if we do we will do it as your honored Vice Presi entire body, without any regard to the addition of the minority dent told the Gridiron Club he would go out of Washington of the whole -to a minority .of the maj01ity constituting a ma with a smile on his face and with a brave heart. Whenever the jority of the whole, you have defied every rule of popular public get tired of the Republican Party, of course, they will government and of democratic institutions, and you are destined put them out. They have an awfully poor alternative, of course.· to fall before a Democratic majority; unles~, llS yery frequently Generally those intermissions are very few and far between. happens, the Democratic majority may be temporarily a fool. Nen~rtheles , Mr. President, as I said in the beginning,. the It sometimes is. ululations and bleatings and squeals we have heard for the last Mr. REED. Mr. President, I just want to correct one state we k from our Democrntic friends about this very fair program ment of my friend the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. BRANDE we h;l\e adopted are about to subside. GEE]. He said that if the result of this action would be t() dis The tumult n.nd the shouting dies, rupt the Republican Party that would make me and others vote The captains and the kings depart, ·for the rule. That is a natural conclusion for a man to arrive .And the. steam roller is about to start. at who puts his part-y above his country. I do not belong in that fLauL:hter.] class.. If I can only injw'e the Republican Party by helping 3£r. WILLL\MS. 1\lr. Pl'esident, I am informed that the the Republican Party to do something to injm·e the country, and Senator from Connecticut [Mr. BnANDEGEE] said "the steam thus get in (li repute, I do not want to ser"le my country thnt roller i about to start." I witnessed the steam roller starting way. in the Fi.ftY-first Congress under Republican auspices; I wit I belieye in common counsel. . I have never heard a debate ne .setl the steam roller starting in the Fifty-third Congress upon the floor of the Senate that has not been y-e.ry instructive under Democratic auspices; I witnessed the steam roller start to me. I have learned that a free interchange of opinions among ing in this body when Mr. Aldrich was commander in-chief of reasonable men results in a modification of the opinions of mo t the armies of the plutocrats, and when 1\Ir. Dolliver was a mere all of them. It may not absolutely change their opinions. The in urgent-poor fellow, now dead-with a few others. important legislation that is to come before this body, which I haye witnessed all that and I have heard these remarks. will affect the entire country, ought to be considered not by one A few years before, when JoE CANNON, a statesman whom I party, but by both parties, and there ought to be the free t personally lo\ed very much, and l~ve very much yet, went to opportunity for its discussion not only on the floor, but in tllC his political death in the House of Representatives, I heard committees, because, notwithstanding the opinions some people either the Senator from Connecticut or John Dalzell-! do not may have, not quite all of the wisdom, not quite all of the remember which-make about the same speech that the Senator patriotism was conferred by the Almighty upon any one political from Connecticut mad~ a moment ago; and if it was not the party. , Senator from Connecticut, I would like to be informed; it was So I had hoped to see these committees so organized that it pretty much the same talk. might be possible occasionally for men who did not take their · l\Ir. President, all that the Senator from Connecticut has views at first hand from a caucus to have the opportunity to pro-ven, if he has proven anything, is that the Senator from make those views felt in the committee. You ha-ve determined North Carolina [Mr. OvERMAN] made about the same mistake otherwise. The Senator from Connecticut, with an utter lack of that he is making now, asserting that when a party got in that shrewdness which is attributed to the Yankee, and which po"er it stayed in power forever, and all it had to do was to is possessed by himself in a superlative degree, has told us be elfish and take all the power it could. " that the steam roller is about to start." Seriously speaking, as far as I am concerned individually, I He took the sublime verse of Kipling's Recessional: chalJenge a earch of my record to find out where I e\er at The tumult and the shouting dies, . tempted to take an advantage of the opposite party in numerical The captains and the kings depart; Still stands thine ancient sacrifice membership of committees that was not fair. An humble and a contrite heart. The Senator from Connecticut says that we had six members Lord, God of Hosts, be with us yet, on each committee, and if you increased this membership that Lest we forget, lest we forget ! _ did not take anything away from us; that we were still just These lofty and sacred lines the Senator mutilated into steam roller; it bore no relation to it. But a steam roller in a electricity or by horsepower does not make any difference. Of political convention is one thing. A steam roller in the Senate course, in this particular ·Senate this particular Republican of the United States rpeans a destruction by force-for that is majority will chiefly be horsepower, but still hovering around what a steam roller means-of the ability and the power of is the idea to run over and reduce down to a common level, the representatives of the people to express their opinions and down to the carpet, down to the grass, leaving nothing growing. make their views felt. If you had a majority of one you could I never heard of a plural god that amounted to anything in this ao the arne thing, if you could hold your majority together, world. The very essence of Democracy is that every Democrat and you could deny Democrats any representation on com counts himself as no god at all, but just as a very humble sort mittees at all. You could with a majQrity of one, if you could of human being in a great big collection of spirits, chatting and hold your men together, refuse a hearing upon a single bill talking to his fellows and coming to some sort of agreement. which may be referred to a committee. If you had a majority This remin~s me of thnt distinguished occasion upon which a of one and could hold your majority together, you could abolish distinguished Senator from Kansas, I believe, once said that all committees. If you had a majority of one and could hold ethics, principles, or something identical with thei:n in connec it togeiher, you could meet in caucus, and the majority in that tion with politics was an iridescence. I will not come any closer caucus could determine the action of this body, although there to the quotaton for fear I might identify the Senator. However, was a protesting minority within your caucus. That would the Senator from Connecticut will be Wentified hereafter as a he a steam roller. That may be the way to conduct the busi worshiper of steam-roller prophets. He is the first announced ness of the country in the United Smtes Senate, but to my mind prophet in a legislative body, although not the first announced the States that are represented here by Democrats are entitled to prophet in a convention, of the steam roller as a deus ex an absolute voice in legislation. They are ·entitled to present machina; if not God himself, at least approaching Him that close. fairly every case and to submit to this body as a fair tribunal It is going to be a Republican steam roller, and, from what I . eyery question. know of the Senator from Connecticut, if it is any sort of a StE>am rollerism is a defilement upon the lips of a Senator, Republican steam roller at all, it is going to be a Connecticut nnd it is a uisgraceful utterance if it were made seriously. I senatorial Republican steam roller, because if it does not run to tlo not characterize it in that way, for I think my friend from suit him he will not have anything to do with the steam roller. Connecticut was inclined to be humorous this afternoon, a role I noticed in various questions that were brought up before the that he can very successfully play. But if ever the Senate of Committee on Foreign Relations at the last session, in which he the United States adopts steam roller tactics, it will cease to finally settled and found himself like grains of sand at the be the Senate of the United States. It would sink into the bottom of a glass of brook water, that at the beginning of the contempt that it would deserve, and it would ultimately be de discussion, before he settled, he insisted on being the steam F!troyed by tbe American people. Steam rollerism means the roller himself, and before he got through he had come pretty abu e of power. It means the denial of a right to others. It near it. • means a trampling upon the very fundamental principles of the I think if the Senator from Connecticut can not find a steam Government itself. roller that he can run, it will not be a steam roller that he will Start your steam roller going, and you will succeed in doing serve on at all. some things, but I venture the guess that when the country The Senator from Connecticut do-es not really mean that. I understands you are running a steam roller and blatantly pro haYe known him in such a kindly, personal, social, friendly, claiming it upon the floor of the Senate, this little minority here half literary, half historical way for so many years that if I will find a growiug crowd of people in the United States back of would trust anybody on the other side of the ·chamber to be it" to hold in contempt the word "steam roller" and will hold magnanimous and generous and not run over me with a steam any body of men who employ it in the Senate of the United roller w4en we got ready to face each other in chivalrous com States in a just and a deserved contempt. bat, I think I would almost pick him out as one of the chief 1\lr. BRANDEGEE. l\ir. President, I do not know what men of that sort. definition the Senator from Missou'h attaches to the term But the significant fact about it is that the expression identi " steam roller." What I mean by it is majority rule. I believe fying the Republican majority in the Senate with steam rollers that i'3 democracy, the rule of the majority. While I believe in is not personal to the Senator from Connecticut. If it were full and free debate, in the right to offer amendments, as the personal to him, it might be ignored; but it is the unconscious Senator from Alabama said, and the right to discu s them, still oozing out of the sweat of his partisanship; it is what lie learned I belie>e in the rule of the majority. If that is not democracy, in caucus; it is what he learned in his environment and by then we have no Government in this country. heredity ; and be really imagines that an ordinary modern :Mr. •President, have tbe yeas and nays been ordered on the Republican, akin by intere. t to the plutocracy of his country pending resolution? and akin by heredity to Federalism, is a sort of hereditary The VICE PRESIDENT. They haYe been demanded. superior creature. Of course, as a matter of fact, he is not, as Mr. BRA.1'iTDEGEE. I, too, demand the yeas and nays. many men have proven. · The yeas and nays were ordered. As the Senator from ::\Iissouri aid, " Start your -team • Mr. 'VILLIAl\iS. Mr. President, I understand. the Senator roller "; but, for God'~ sake, when you start it, call it a ste.am from Connecticut now to identify the phrase "steam roller" roller; have the courage to call it one. The Senator from with the right of the majority to rule. I never beard of a ma Connecticut bows in appt~obation, meaning that he at least \Yil1 jority in any popular assemblage needing a piece of machinery have the courage to call it a steam roller, but I dare sa~· he in the shape of a steam roller in order to outvote the other side. will find Senators from Massachusetts and Illinois and Ohio The Senator must really be held to his own language. As I and Wisconsin and Minnesotu and even from the far-famed understood his language, be said, " the steam roller was about Mormon Church State of Utah and from the political State of to start." He did not say "the majority was about to vote." Indiana who will not dare to call it a steam roller. But we He said, "the steam roller was about to start." In other wo-rds, shall try to identjfy the machine with the utterance of the Sena he is repre. enting that sort of a majority, in his own imagina tor from Connecticut, and we shall try to keep that emblazoned tion, that needs a piece of machinery to run over everything npon the public conscience and in the public eye. that is in its way. 1\Ir. President, I uuderstand how a great intellect can "roll 1\Ir. BRANDEGEE. To smooth things out. over " ~ommon, plebeian minds; I un Mr. PE...~ROSE. Mr. PI:l' llLent, will the Senator permit an NAYS-25. inquiry? Broussard_ _,;;: Hitchcock Rheppard Walsh. lUREs. Caraway Jones, N. Me~. Simmons Watson, Ga. 1\lr. WILLIAMS. Certainly. Dial McKellilr Smith William 1\Ir. PE.l'{ROSE. The Senatg.r has referred very eloquently to Fletcher· Overman Stanley Wolcott Newton and oth~rs who ha'"'e contributed to scieuce. I know Hat·ris Pomerene Swanson Harrison Ransdell Trammell the Senate would patiently listen to him if be would explain his Heflin Reed Underwood -riew · on Einstein's theory of relativitY~ :.\"OT VOTING-26. 1\lr. WILLIAMS. l\fr. President, I have long contended that Ashurst Gerr La Follette Pittman the wittiest, the vaguest, and most indefinite man in this body Borah Glass McLean Poindexter is the Senator from Pennsylvania, but l did not know until Calder Gooding Myers Robinson Culberson Jolmso.n Newberry • hlelds this morning that he could discover anything more vague and Elkins Kendrkk Oddie Walsh, l\Iont. indefinite than himself. I frankly confess that I do not under Fe:rnald King Owen stand Einstein; I frankly confess that I do. not believe the Fre.linghl}.ysen Kno.x Page Senator from Pennsylvania understands Einstein; I frankly So 1\lr. BBANDEGEE's resolution as amended was agreeu to. confess I do not believe the Senator from Connecti-cut [l\Ir. Mr. HARRISON. 1\fr. Pre ident, I make the· point of order BRANDEGEE] would even contend that he understood Einstein, that the vote by which the Chair has announced that the resolu and I do not believe that even the Senator from Massachusetts tion has passed does not disclose a two-thirds majority, and [1\fr. LoDGE] would make a very poSJ:"tive pretense in that that it requil!es a two-thirds majority in order that the resolu direction. tion may pass. I do not wish to take up the time. of the Senate 1\:Ir. PENROSE. 1\Ir. President-- in again discussing the propo ition. In the few remarks which The VICE PRESIDEh~T. Does the Senator from l\lis issippi I made when the question was before the Senate a short time yield to the Senator from Pennsylrania? ago, I cited to the Chair and to the Senate precedent after Mr. WILLIAMS. I yield. precedent in ordeY to show that in effect the motion was one 1\fr. PENROSE. I own a Yolnme of Einstein, in the intl·o for the suspension of the general rules of the Senate, and that · duction of which it is stated that there are only 12 men in its adoption required a two-thirds majority. all the world who understand the book. I thought, perhaps, the The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair understands that the Senator from Mississippi was one of them. I confess that I motion is not one to suspend the rules bu_t to amenu the rules, have nearly lost my mental faculties in trying to nrulerstand and that it only requires a majority vote. Tile point of order is Einstein. therefore overruled. Mr. 'VILLIAMS. Mr. Pre ident, I believe it was the Earl 1\!r. LODGE. I ask unanimous consent that so much of Rule of Derby who once said that there were only two men who XXIV as p1·ovides for the appointment of the standing and other ever understood th~ Near Eastern· question, that one of them committees of the Senate by ballot oo suspended. was dead and that he himself was getting old and had pretty The VICE PRESIDENT. In the absence of objection, it is nearly forgotten it all. [Laughter.] So far as Einstein is con so ordered. cerned, I did endeavor for a little while to try to understand 1\lr. LODGE. :Mr. President, I o-ffe:r the order which I sl'nd to Ein tein; I do not believe the Senator from Pennsylvania ever the clesk, for \Vhich I ask present consideration. even tried; but I frankly had the wisdom to confess that I did The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator from Massachusetts not understand Einstein. However, 1\fr. Pre ident, I do under ' offers an order and: asks unanimG-us con,sent for its immediate stand that there are certain great fundamental, cardinal prin consideration. ciples of fairness which exist in the world, and I know that the Mr- REED- 1\fr: President, let us~ first hear the order read. Senator from Pennsylvania knows that, too. Mr. LODGE. That wa my intention; it will have to be read The VICE PRESID~"'T. The yeas and nays have been or in any event. dered on agreeing to the r~ olution, and the Secretary will call Mr, REED. l assume that that was the Senator's intention, the roll. but I thought that the Clurir was inquiring whether there was The reading clerk proceeded to call the roll. objection. l\Ir. DILLINGHAM (when his name ·was called). Announc Mr. LODGE~ When the order is read, I think there will be inO' the same pair and transfer as on the last vote, I \'"Ote " yea." no difficulty about it. · 1\Ir. EDGEJ (when his name wa.s called). .Announcing the The ViCE PRESIDENT. The o1·der propBsed by the Sen.ator same pair and transfer as on the previous vote, I vote "yea." from lHassacbusetts will be read. 1\fr. HARRIS (when his name was called). Announcing the The Assistant Secretary read as follows : same transfer of my pair as on the previous vote, I Yote "nay." Orclered, That the following shall constitute the standing committees of the Senate of the Sixty-seventh Congress: 1\:Ir. 1\fcCUl\IB.ER (whl'n his name was called). Transferring On Agriculture and Forest1·y (16) : Messrs. Norri (chairman), Page, my pair as on the previous vote, I vote "yea." Kenyon, Wadsworth, McNary, Capper-, Keye , Goodi.n.g, Ladd, Norbeck, Mr. McLEAN (when his name was called). In the absence Smith, Ransdell, Kendrick, Harrk"'U, Heflin, Carawa~ On Appropriations (16): Messrs. Warren (chairman , Smoot, Jone ot of my pair, the senior Senator from Montana [Mr. 1\lmsJ~ I Wa.shington, Curtis, Kenyon, Hale, Spencer, Pb.i,pps, ewberry, McKin-. withhold my vote. If at liberty to vote,. I should Yote " yea• ." ley, Overman, Owen, Culberson, Harris, Glass, Jones of New Mexico. 1\lr. POINDEXTER (when his name was called). Upon this To Audit a·nd Control tlle Oontfngent ErDpenses of the Senate (5): 1\lessJ:s. Calder {chairm.a n) , McCormick, Fra nee~ Jones of Now Mexico, vote I am paired with the Senator from Nevada [1\l.r. PI'ITMAN]. McKellar. If at liberty to vote, I should YOte "yea." On Banking and Cz£1·rency (.U): Messrs. McLean (chairman), Page, l\Ir. SUTHERLAND (when his name was called). Making Frelinghuysen, Penrose, Cald~r. Newberry, Weller, Norbeck, Owen, Hitch cock. Pomerene, Fletcher. Kendrick, Glass. the same announcement with reference to my pair and its trans On CiviL Service (11): Messrs. Sterling (chairman), Cummins, Colt, fer as before, I vote " yea." Ball, Nicholson, Stanfield, Bursum, McKellar, Ransdell Wolcott, Heflin. 011- Claims (13) : Messrs. Spencer (chairman), Frelinghuysen. New, The roll call was concluded. Capp r, Gooding, Harreld, Ernst. Stanfield, Robiru on, Trammell, Wol l\lr. HALE. l\.Iaking the same announcement as to my pair cott, Broussard, Watson of Georgia. and its transfer which I made on the previous Yote, I vote On Comntcrce (16): Messrs. Jones of Washington (chalrma.n). Nelson, Fernald. Calder, Lenroot, McNar;}-, Ball, Edge, Willis, WeHet·, Fletcher, "yea." Ransdell, Sheppard, Simmons, Dial. Caraway. 1\lr. HARRISON (after having voted in the negatiYe). I Olt the District of Columbia (13): Messrs. Ball (chairman), Dilling have a general pair with the junior Senator from West Vir ham, Jones of Washington, Capper, Elkins, Gooding, Cameron, Weller, Pomerene, King, Sheppard, Glass, Stanley. ginia [Mr. ELKINS]. I transfer that pair to. the junior Senator On Education ana Labo1· (11): Messrs. Kenyon (chairman), Borah, from Rhode Island [l\Ir. GERRY], and will allow my vote to Sterling, Phipps, Warren, Kellogg, Shortridge, Jones of New Mexico, stand. · McKellar, Wolcott, Walsh of Massachusetts. 01J Ent·olled Bills {8): 1\lessrs. Sutherland (chairman), Ball, Dial. Tlt re ult was aunotmced-yea 45, nays 25, us follows: On Ea;pendtitut·es in tile Etrecutive D6partments (7): Messr.s. McCor YEAS-45. mick (chairman); Moses, Willis, Oddie, Underwood, Swanson, Robinson. On Finance (16): Messrs. Penro e (chairman), :M:cC'ulllber, Smoot La Ball Hale Me ~ary Stanfield Follette, Dillingham, McLean, Curtis, Watson, Calder, Slltherland im. Bran<.legcc Harreld Moses Sterling m.ons, William1>, Jones of New Mexico, ~rry, Reed, Walsh of Massa Bur um Jones, w·a ·b. Nelson Suthe:J!'ln.nd chusetts. Cameron Kello"g New Townsend On Foreign Relatious (1G): l\Iessrs. Lodge (chairman), McCumber, Capper Kenyon Nicholson Wadsworth Borah, Brand€gee, Knox., Johnson, New, Mose , Kellogg, McCormick, Colt Keyes Norbeck Warren Hitchcock, Williams, Swanson, Pomerene, Pittman, Shields. Cummins Ladd Norris Watson, Ind. On Immigration (n): Messr . Colt (chairman), Dillingham, Pen Curtis Lenroot Penrose Weller rose. Sterling, Johnson, Keyes, 'Villis, King, Harris, Harrison, ·watson Dillin ·~bnm Phipps Willis o:l! Georgia. Edgp h~~oermi-ck Shortridge On Indian Affairs (11): Messrs. Curtis (cbairman), La Follette, Mc - Ern ·t McCumber Smoot Nary, Spencer, Harreld, Cameron, Ladd, .Ashurst, O"""en, )Valsh lilf Mon France · l\lcKinley Spencer tana, Kendrick. 1921. II CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SEKATE. 405 On Interoceanic. Canals (11): :Messes. Borah (chairman), Page, Colt, Sheppard Spencer Sutherland Watson, Ind. Knox, Johnson, Edge, McKinley, Walsh of Montana, Simmons, Trammell, Shortridge Stanfield Underwood Williams Smith Stanley Wadsworth Willis lla~dcykters tatc Oomnt-crce (lG). Messrs. Cummins (chairman), Town Smoot Sterling · W'arren Wolcott send, La F•)Jlette, Poindexter, McLean, Watson, Kellogg, Fernald, Fre linghuysen, Elkins, Smith, Pomerene, Myers, Underwood, Wolcott, and NAYS-3. Stanley. . ) La Follette Trammell Watson, Ga. On Irrigation alld Reclamation (U): Messrs. McNary (chairiD;an , Jones of Washington, Phipps, Gooding, Cameron, Oddie, Shortridge, So the Senate advised and consented to the appointment of Sheppard, Walsh of Montana, Kendrick, and Pittman. . . h Mr. Esch. Oa the Judicia1·y (16): Messrs. Nelson (chairman), Dilling. am, Brandegee, Borah, Cummins, Colt, Sterling, Norris, Ernst, Shortr1dge, Mr. LA FOLLETTE asked and obtained leave to have printed Culberson, Overman, Reed, Ashurst, Shields, and Walsh of Montana. in the RECORD the views of the minority of the Committee on On the LfbranJ (7): Messrs. Brandegee (chairman), Wadsworth, jr., Interstate Commerce, which are a.s follows: Knox, McCuml.ler, Williams, McKellar, and Broussard. On Manufactures (11): Messrs. La Follette (chairman), Kenyon, Ferf Herewith is respectfu!ly submitted the minority report of the Com nald, McNary, McKinley, Nicholson, Weller, Smith, Pomerene, Jones o mittee on- Interstate Commerce, with the recommendation that the New Mexico, Reed. Senate decline to coniinn the nomination of Hon. John J. Esch as a Ou. Military Affairs (16): Messrs. Wadsworth (chairman), Warren, member of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Sutherland, New, Frelinghuysen, Lenroot, Spencer Capper, pameron, It is the opinion of the minority that Mr. Esch's qualifications for Bursum, Hitchcock, Fletcher, Myers, Sheppard, McKella.r, Robmson. office should be judged mainly UIJon his long service in Congress, and On Mines and Mining (9): Messrs. Poindexter (charrman), Suther the minority report therefore presents the salient features of his record land, Newberry, Oddie, Nicholson, Norbeck, Walsh of Montana, Ashurst, in respect to railroad legislation. Pittman. . John J. Esch first took his seat in the Fifty-sixth Congress, in On Naval Affairs (16): Messrs. Page (chairman), Penrose Lodge, December, 1899. In December, 1903, at the o.pening session of the Poindexter, Hale, Ball, Newberry, Keyes, France.. Nicholson, Swanson, Fifty-eighth Congress, Mr. Esch was assigned to the House Committee Pittman, Walsh of Montana, Gerry, Trammell, King. on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, and he served continuously on 0" Patents (7): Messrs.. Johnson (chairman), Norris, Brandegee, that committee until his retirement March 4, 1921. At the first ses Ernst, Smith, Stanley, and Broussard. . . sion of the Sixty-fourth Congress, in May, 1916, Mr. Esch became the On Pensions (11): Messrs. McCumber (cha1rman), Smoot, Elkins, ranking Republican member of the committee, and in July, 1919, the Townsend, Colt, Weller, Bursum, Walsh of Montana, King, Walsh of Republicans having regained control of the Congress, be succeeded to Massachusetts and Gerry. . the chairmanship. On Post Ontces and Post Roads (~6): 1\!e~srs. Townsend (ch!llrman), An examination of the records of Congress during the 17 years of Sterling, France. Moses, Edge, b"'lkins, Phipps, Harreld, Odd1e, Stan Mr. Esch's service on this important committee will show that he has field, McKellar, Walsh of Massachusetts, Dial, Heflin, Watson of Georgia, been in substantial accord with the governmental policies under which and Broussard. · the carriers of the country have been brought to their IJresent plight and that his attitude, revealed in his speeches and votes, has been one On. P1·tnting (7): Messrs. Moses (chairman), Capper, Nelson, Town- of consistent friendliness to the railroads. send, Fletcher, Ransdell, and Robinson. . . . Beginning in the early yeaTs of the present century, the Interstate On Privileges and Elections (13): Messrs. D1llingham ("chauman), Commerce Commission, composed of men who foresaw the collapse of Spencer, Wadsworth, Watson, Edge, Ernst, Shortridge, Bursum, the transportation system under existing conditions, made urgent ap· Pomerene, Reed, Walsh of Montana, King, and Wolcott. . peals to the Congress to resh·ain those who were looting the railroads On Public Buildings ana Grounds (13): Messrs. Fernald (chauman), and exacting extortionate rates from the consuming public. Warren, Frelinghuysen, France, Lenroot, Keyes, McKinley, Harreld, Year after year the commission appealed to Congress to enact laws Reed, Ashurst, Culberson, Trammell, and Swanson. which would put a stop to discriminatory rates, overcapitalization, On Public Lands and Sut·veys (13): Messrs. Smoot (chairman), the manipulation of securities, and other abuses which were fast Norris, Poindexter, Lenroot, Ladd, Stanfield, Norbeck, Bursum, Myers, undermining the service and destroying the credit of American rail Pittman, Jones of New Mexico, Kendrick, and Walsh of Montana. roads. In its annual reports, over a period of a decade,- the com 011, Rttles (1.2).: Messrs. Knox (chairman), Nelson, Curtis, Hale, mission urged Congress to pass a valuation law, so that the honest Moses, McCormick., Watson, Overman, Owen, Underwood, Harrison, and value of the rftilroads might be ascertained and made the ba is for Robinson. just and reasonable rates. On Ten'itories and Insula~· Possessions (13): Messrs. New (chairman), During this period, except for his advocacy of block-signal systems McLean, Cummins. Knox, Johnson, McCormick, Willis, Ladd, Pittman, and safety appliance laws, Mr~ Esch joined with bis colleagues on Owen, Robinson, Harris, and Broussard. the committee in ignoring the recommendations of the body of which · The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator from Massachusetts it is now proposed he shall become a member. It was not until the 'fight for valuation had been practically won, and even the rail asks unanimous consent for the immediate consideration of roads had yielded to the inevitable, that lli. Esch became an advocate the order. Is there objection? The Chair hears no objection. of that policy. The question is on agreeing to the order. The activities of Mr. Esch in re pect to the Jaw limiting the hours of service of railroad employees are typical of his record on railroad The order was agreed to. legislation in the House. · I!j.XECUTIVE SESSION. On January 10, 1907, the Senate passed a bill linliting the .hours of service of railroad employees and providing stringent p~nalties against 1\fr. LODGE. I moye that the Senate proceed to the consid carriers evading the law. This legislation bad been recommended in eration of executive business. three annual reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission. The Senate bill was referred to the House Committee on Interstate and For The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to .the eign Commerce and was I'ejected in committee. consideration of executive business. After 45 minutes spent On February 18, 1907, the committee reported to the House a in executive session the doors were reopened. measure known as the Esch substitute, and an effort was made to pass it without chance for am€ndment under suspension of the rules. COIDTRM.ATION OF JOHN JACOB ESCH. This attempt failed. On the Esch substitute a minority of the com mittee rendered the following report, which was sustained by the On request of l\Ir. LA. FoLLETTE and by unanimous consent, the House: injunction of secrecy was removed from the proceedings con " We are induced to believe. not only by the provisions of the sub nected with the confirmation of the nomination of John Jacob stitute repot·ted by the majority but also by the treatment accorded H. R. 18671, that the proposed legislation will not be effective and Esch to be an Interstate Commerce Commissioner, and the vote is not intended to give the remedy and the protection that the public and proceedings were ordered to be printed in the REcoRD. desire. The effect of the substitute will not be to aceomplish the These proceedings were as follows : purpose ostensibly set forth as the purpose to be accomplished, but will, on the contrary, enable common carriers to evade and avoid all pen l\Ir. CUMMINS, from the Committee on Interstate Commerce, alty and responsibility. We recommend that the pr.oiJosed attempt of to which had been referred the nomination of John Jacob Esch, the majority to pass under the suspension of the rules the substitute, without opportunity for amendment, be d~feated." . of Wisconsin, to be an Interstate Commerce Commissioner for Describing the Esch substitute, by the introduction of which it was the term expiring December 31, 1927, to which office he was sought to defeat the Senate bill, the national legislative representative appointed during the last recess of the Senate, reported favor of the railroad brotherh.oods for the "Fifty-ninth Congress, second ably thereon. session, wrote : ·~This substitute, as reported by Mr. Esch, was the greatest make- Mr. LA FOLLETTE, from the same committee, submitted a shift I have ever seen proposed as a matter of legislation." · minority report opposing confirmation of the nomination. In 1910 the political c.omple.:rion of Corigress changed, and until 1918 On motion by l\Ir. CUMMINs and by unanimous consent, the Mr. Esch was a minority member of the Committee on Interstate and nomination was given immediate consideration, and. it was !Prtb~ I~t~~i1~e.Co~~& ~~n&ti~i~nSO:~eof p~~Ualf~o~:b~~o~ Resolved That tha Senate advise and consent to tho appointment of law, but as a minority member of the committee Mr. Esch had no large John Jacob Esch to be an Interstate Commerce commissioner for the part in framing this legislation. term expiring December 31, 1927. In May, 1916, Mr. Esch became the ranking Republican nember of the committee. The railroads were taken .over by the Federal On the adoption of the above resolution, the question was Government at the end of 1917, and Mr. Esch was active in the tak~n by yeas and nays, the yeas and. nays having been ordered. debate on the Federal control bill. He served on the conference coltlmittee which framed the bill as passed, under which tbe rail on the demand of Mr. LA FoLLETTE, seconded by one-fifth of the roads were given an exorbitant rental of about $75,000,000 a month Senators present. during the period of Federal control. Mr. Esch addressed the House The yeas were 52 and the nays 3, as follows : March 4 . 1918, urging the adoption of the conference report. It was of ·the rental finally embodied in this report, indorsed by Mr. YEAS-52. Esch, of which Senator CuMuiNs sai-d when the Senate bill was under Ball Curtis Keyes Nelson consideration : Brandegee Dial Lenroot New "If the bill passes in its ,Qresent form, and agreements are made with Broussarq Dillingham Lodge Nicholson all the railroads upon the proposed basis, the Government will have Bur sum Ernst McCormick Norbeck guaranteed (according to the majority repo!:t) au aggregate allflual Cameron Hale McCumber Overman operating income of somewhat more than $9;,0,000,000. In the Judg Capper Harreld McKellar Phipps ment of the writer of this paper, this urn is at least $17!),000,000 Caraway Harris McKinley Poindexter more than fair just compensation for the use of the properties unuer Colt Harrison ::\Ic:Nary Pomerene the circumstances and conditions which now sun·ound and confront Cummins Kendrick Uoses Ransdell us. • • • 406 OO~GRESS I OX .A.L RECORD-S I~~ _..\.TE. .._\PRIL 18 " With due respect to the President and to the distinguished men exceed the annunl charges of an:r previon year l.Jy more tlHJl $'> 000- who composed the bill l.Jefore us, one can not escape the impression 000,000. With the increase in i·ate of August !!G the transportation that. in proposing to offer to the railroads this immense sum of money, bill of the Nati~n became about $7,000,000,000 a yt-ar. or enough to buy those who are responsible for the measure have been thinking only o! the transportatiOn system nt the market value of railroad st-<'ul'ities in the men who at·e to receive the money, and that the effect upon the less than two year . millions who are to pay the money has been, it is feared, entirely ab So onerous were the burdens impo ed upon the people by the Esch sent in their consideration of the question." Cummins law that that act became an issue in the campaign of 1920. In July, 1919, with the convening o! the Sixty-sixth Congress, 11~. ~sch was again a candidate in the seventh Wisconsin congre sionat Mr. Esch became chairman of the Committee on Interstate and For diStl'I!!t, and upon that issue be was overwhelmingly repudiated by his eign . Commerce. He was thus charged with responsibility for the constituents. biU by which the House should propose to terminate Federal control. The third session of the Sixty-sixth Congress met in December, 1920. ·A bill known as the Esch bill, drafted by Mr. Esch, was reported from The transportation system bad collapsed. Traffic was stalled by pro the committee and passed by the House. The Senate, meanwhile, ~~t~re rates and the shipper and the consumer wt-re clamoring for pas ed the Cummins bill, and in January, 1920, the conference com mittee went into session to frame a conference report. On February As chairman of the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com 21, 1920, Mr. Esch presented the conference report to COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL REVE;:o..-uE FOR THE DISTRICT OF lNDIANfu Eleetions ?-.To. 1: C. B. Hudspeth, of Texas; William B. Bowling, of Alabama ; Ralph Gilbert, of Kentucky. M. Bert Thui·man. Jj)lectious No. Z: Frank Clark, of Florida; Hallett S. Ward, of North Carolina; Morgan G. Sanders, of Texas. CoLLECTOR oF INTER~AL REvE~rn FOB THE ELEVE~TH DISTRICT oF Elections No. 8: Zebulon Weaver, of Noi1:h Carolina; John C. Box, OHIO. of Texas; W. Turner Logan, of South Carolina. :M. Enrolled Bills: Ladislas Lazaro, of Louisiana; Thomas L. Blanton, of X ewion Miller. Texas; John J. McSwain, of South Carolina. Ul\~TED ST..!.TES ATTOR"'-""EY, DISTRICT OF 1\IASSACHUSETTS. E:cpenditm·es u' Department of Agriculture: Robert L. Dough ton, of North Carolina; Morgan G. Sanders, of Texas. Robert 0. Harris. E:cpenditures in Departm-ent of Oo1nn~e-rce: Henry B. Steagall, of Alabama; Joseph T. Deal. of Virginia. · UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, NORTHER..."q DISTRICT OF TEXAS. E:.cpendi.t;t4res in Department of Interior: Charles H. Braud, of Geor Helll'Y Zweifel. gia ; Tilman B. Parks, of Arkansas. E:cpenditures ·in Depart1nent of Justice: Schuyler Otis Bland, of Vir UNITED ST..!.TES ATTORNEY, DISTRICT OF WYOML""iG, ginia; T. Alan Goldsborough, of Maryland. E:.cpenditures in Depat·tment of Labor: Riley J. Wilson, of Louisiana; A. D. Walton. Thomas L. Blanton. of Texas. UNITED S!ATES :llARSH.A.L, DISTRICT OF DELAWARE. E:cpenditttres in Department of Navy: Rufus Hardy, of Texas; Patrick Henry Drewry, of Virginia. · Walter S. l\Ioney. Ea;penditures in Post Offi.ce D epartment: Benjamin G. Humphreys, of Mississippi; James P. Woods, of Virginia. UNITED STATES 1\IARSHAL, EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIA...""iA, Empenditures in State Department: William W. Rucker, of Missouri; Victor Loisel. W. Turner Logan, of South Carolina. E:cpeuditttres i1~ T1·easury Departnrent: R. Walton Moore. of Virginia: "GNITED STATES l\IARSHAL, E.~STEBN DISTRICT OF TEXA&. William B. Bankhead, of Alabama. E:cpenditltres itt War Depa1·tment: Edward B. Almon, of Alabama; PhiL E. Baer. Ewin L. Davis, of Tennessee. U~ITED STATEs ~L-\RSHA.L, So-cTHEn::\T DisTnrCT OF TExAs. EICpenditures. on P!Wlic Buildings: Zebulon Weaver, of North Caro lina ; John R. Tyson, o:( Alabama. R. A. Harvin. Flood COJ~trol: Benjamin G. Humphreys, of Mississippi; Riley J. Wil· son, of Louisiana; Herbert J. Drane, of Florida; Clay Stone Briggs, of Texas; William J. Driver, of Arkansas. . Foreign Atrairs: Henry D. Flood, of Virginia; J. Charles Linthicum, of HOUSE OF R.EPRESENTA.TIVES. Maryland; Charles M. Stedman, of North Carolina; Adolph J. Sabath, of Illinois; Tom Connally, of Texas; W. Bourke Cockran, of New York'. Immigration and Naturalization: Adolph J. Sabath, of Illinois; John :MoNDAY, Ap1·ill8, 1921. E. Raker, of California; Riley J. Wilson, of Louisiana; John C. Box, of Texas; Lilius B. Rainey, of Alabama. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Indiau Affairs: Carl Hayden, of Arizona; William J. Sears, of Flor The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera ~Iontgomery, D. D., offered ida: Zebulon Weaver, of North Carolina; F. B. Swank, of Okla homa; Ross A. Collins, of Mississippi; Hampton P. Fulmer, of South the following prayer : Carolina ; Morgan G. Sanders, of Texas. . Industrial Arts and E:t:]J()Si.tions: Fritz G. Lanham. of Texas; William Oh God, because Thou art full of mercy and compassion our C. Lankford, of Georgia; Otis Wingo, of Arkansas; Mo~an G. Sanders, lives are spared until now. We thank Thee. Thou that sittest of Texas; Joseph T. Deal, of Virginia; F. B. Swank, of uldahoma. at the right hand of the Father come unto us. Root and ground Insular Affairs: Finis J. Garrett, of Tennessee; Christopher D. Sul livan, of New York; Benjamin G. Humphreys, of Mississippi; R. Walton us in unchangeable and eternal truth. Lighten the burdens of Moore, of Virginia; William B. Bowling, of Alabama; Hallett S. Ward, the heavy laden and lift the loads of the overburdened and. of North Carolina;------. soothe all hearts that feel the hurts of life. Through Jesus Interstate and Foreign Commerce: Alben W. Barkley, of Kentucky; Sam Rayburn, of Texas; George Huddleston, of Alabama ; Clarence F . Christ our Lord. Amen. Lea, of California; Paul B. Johnson, of Mississippi; Harry B. Hawes, of Missouri. The Journal of the proceedings. of Friday was read and ap Invalill Pensions: William W. Rucl;:er, of Missouri; Thomas H. Cullen!. proYed. of New York: Ewin L. Davis, of Tennessee; Charles F. X. O'Brien, or SWEARING n OF MEli.IBE.RS. New Jersey; Stanley H. Kun.z, of Illinois. · h-rigation of Arid Lcands: Carl Ha.vden, of Arizona; C. B. Hudspeth. ~Ir. SissoN of Mississippi, :Mr. RucKER of 1\Iissouri, and Mr. of Texas; John· E. Raker, of California; Homer L. Lyon, of North Caro RA..KER of California appeared before the bar of the House and lina: ------. Judiciary: Robert Y. Thomas, jr., of Kentucky; Hatton W. Sumners, took the oath of office. of Texas; Andt·ew J. Montague, o! Virginia; James W. Wise, of Geor· gia; John N. Tillman, of Arkansas; Fred H. Dominick, of South Caro MI'XORITY CO::UMITTEE A IG~MENTS. lina. Mr. GARNER. :\Ir. Speaker, I offer the resolution which I Labor: Eugene Black. of Texas; William D. Upshaw, of Georgia : Ross A. Collins, of Mississippi; George K. Favrot, of Louisiana ; Meyer send to the Clerk's desk. London, of :New York. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the re olution. Librat·y: Frank Park, of Georgia; Ralph Gilbert, of Kentuck:v. The Clerk read as follows: Merchant Marine and Fisheries: Rufus Hardy, of Texas; 'Ladislas House resolution ;)7. Lazaro, of Louisiana; William B. Bankhead, of .Alabama ; Ewin L. Davis, of Tennessee: Thomas II. Cullen, of New York; Herbert J. Drane. ::\Ir. GA.R.."\En offers the following resolution : of Florida ; Schuyler Otis Bland, of Virginia. · ''RMolved, That the following Members be, and they are hereby, Military Affairs: William J. Fields. of Kentucky: Perc:v E. Quin of elected members of the standing committees of the House. as follows : Mississippi: Hubert F. Fisher, of Tennessee; William C . . Wright,' of Agriculture: Hence Jacoway, of Arkansas; John W. Rainey, of illi Georgia ; Philip H. Stoll, of South Carolina ; Daniel E. Garr-ett, of nois; James B . .Aswell, of Louislana; David H. Kincheloe, of Kentucky; Texas. · · Marvin Jones of Texas; Peter G. Ten Eyck, of New York. Mines and .Mining: Otls Wingo, of Arkansas; Lilius B. Rainey of Alcoholic Uquot· Traffic: William D. Upshaw. of Georgia: John C. Alabama; George K. Favrot, of Louisiana ; F. B. Swank, of OklallQma; Box, of Texas; Bill G. Lowrey, of Mi siss1ppi; Hampton P. Fulmer, of Meyer London, of New Ym:k South Carolina. Naval Affairs: Lemu~l P. Padgett, of Tennessee; Daniel J. Riorrlan Appropriations: Joseph W. Byrns, of Tennessee; Thomas U. Sisson, of New York; Carl Vinson, of Georgia; James V. McClintic, of Okla: of Mississippi; James P. Buchanan, of Texas; James A. Gallivan, of homa; Guy E. Campbell, of Pennsylvania; James O'Connor, of Louisi Massachusetts; James F. Byrnes, of South Carolina; Gordon Lee, of ana. Georgia· Ben Johnson, of Kentucky; Charles D. Carter, of Oklahoma; Patents: Ewin L. Davis, of Tennessee; Schuyler Otis Bland, of Vir Edward 'T. Taylor, of Colorado; William~- Oliver, of Alabama; Thomas ginia; Fritz G. Lanham, of Texas ; William B. Bowling, of. Alabama; W. Harrison, of Virginia; Anthony J. Griffin, of New York. William C. Hammer, of North Carolina. • . Banking and Currency: Otis Wingo. of Arkansas; Henry B. Steagall. Pensions: William D. Upshaw of Georgia; William C. Hammer, of of Alabama ; Charles H. Brand, of Georgia ; William F. Ste>enson, of North Carolina; John J. McSwain, of South Carolina; John E. Rankin, South Carolina ; Eugene Black, of Texas ; T. Alan Goldsborough, of of Mississ1ppi; Joseph T. Deal, of Virginia. Maryland. Post Otfice and Post Roads: Thomas ~I. Bell, of Georgia ; Arthur B. Census: William W. Larsen, of Georgia; Samuel ::U. Brinson, of North Rouse, of Kentucky; James M. Mead, of New York; Lucian W. Parrish, Carolina· John R. Tyson, of Alabama; Morgan G. Sanders, of Texas; of Texas; John H. Smithwick, of Florida; Rorer James, of Virginia. John J. :Mcswain, of South Carolina; John E. Rankin, of Mississippi. Pr·inting: William F. Stevenson, of South Carolina. Olaims: Hem:y B. Steagall, of Alabama; James P. WQods, of Virginia;. Public Buildings and Grounds: Frank Clark, of Florida; .Ju.mes C. John C. Box, of Texas; W. Turner Logan, of South Carolina; .Alfred L. Cantrill, of Kentucky; Franlw Park, of Georgia : William W. Rucker, of Bulwinkle, of North Carolina. · Missouri; Fritz G. Lanham, of Texas; George K. Favrot, of Louisiana; Ooinage, Weights, and Measun~s: Samuel M. Brinson, of North Caro Homer L. Lyon, of North Carolina. lina ; Clay Stone Briggs, of Texas; Lilius B. Rn.iney, of Alabama; Pat Public Land.~: John E. Raker, of California; Carl Hayden, of Ari rick H. Drewry, of Virginia; Lallislas Lazaro, of Louisiana; Bill G. zona; Robert L. Doughton, of North Carolina; William W. Larsen, of Lowrey, of Mississippi. · Georgia; Patrick Hemy Drewry, of Virginia; William J. Driver, of Ar Disposition of Useless E:cecuti~:e Papers: .Arthur B. Rouse, of Ken kansas ; Ross A. Collins, of Mississippi. tucky. Railways ""nd Canals:· Herbert J. Drane, of Florida; Thomas 11. Cul District of Oolttmbia: James P. Woods, of Virginia; Christopher D. len, of New York; William C. Lankford, of Georgia; Hallett S. Ward, Sullivan, of New York; Thomas L. Blanton, of Texas; Ralph Gilbert, of North Carolina; ------. of Kentucky; William C. Hammer, of ~ o rth Carolina; Charles F. X. RefONn in the Civil Service: Eugene Black, of Texas; llomer L. Lyon, O'l.'!ien, of New Jersey; Sianley H. Kunz, of Illinois. of North Carolina; Meyer London, of New York:------. Education: William B. Bankhead. of ..llabama; Charles H. Brand, of Revision of tile Laws: R. Walton 1\Ioore. of Vi rginia; Rufus IJnruy. Georgia; Samuel :\I. Bdn on, of ~orth CaroUna; Bill G. Lowrey, of of Texas; Alfred L. Bulwinkle,. of North Carolina; .John R. Tys(ln, of Mississippi; Tilmnn B. Parks, of Arkansas. Alabama; John ~- Sandlin, of Louisiana. · Election of President, Vice President, anll Rcpt·escnt ati~;es in Congress: Rivers and Harbo1·s: Samuel l\1. Taylor, of Arkansas; H. <~ar ' nntl William W. Rucker. of Missouri : Clay ~ton~ Briggs, of Texas ; Hamp Dupre, o.f Louisiana; ·James W. Overstreet, of <;eorgia; .Joseph J. l\Ians ton P. Fulmer, of . outb Carolina; Alfred L. Bulwinkle, of North Caro field, of Texas; John McDuffie, of Alabama; John J. Kindred, of :'\'ew lina ; T. Alan Goldsborough, of )Jaryland. York. • r---~-----:------:------...., 408 CONGRESSION _._t\._L RECORD-HOUSE. . APRIL 18, Roads: Robert.~- Dou_JJhton, of North Car?lina: Edward B . .Almon, I the discussion between the o-entleman from Wyoming und the of ~labama; W1lbam ,,. . Larsen, of Georgia; R. Walton Moore, of 0' tl fr T ? o \irg-inia; William J. ~"'ears, of Florida; C. B. Hudspeth, of Texas; John oen eman om exas. x. ~ancllin, of Louisiana. Mr. GARNER. The gentleman from Wisconsin probably Territw ies: Zebulon Weaver, of North Carolina; William C. Lank- does not know that·the Republican majority in their conference ford. of Georgia; Edward B. Almon, of .Alabama; Patrick H. Drewry, b •b' h . . of Yirginia; John E. Rankin, of Missi sippi; William J. Driver, of passe(.1 a ru1 e .Y " IC they provided for what IS known a Arkr. nsa . exclu 'lve committee , naming 10, providing that any Memper Wa: Claims: F~·ank Cl~rk , of Flo_ri.fia; John J. McSwain, of. South who served on one of those committees could not sen-e on Carolrna; John 1'\. Sandlrn. of Lomstana; Charles F. X. O'Br1en, of th 'tt d . N t> w Jt>r ev · Bill G. Lowrev of Mississippi. ano er comm1 ee, an among them was the Comm1ttee on Woman · S1.1(fr age: John· :E: Raker, of California; Frank Clark, of Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Na\al Affairs. Florid_a: _Christopher D. Sullivan, of New York; Thomas ·L. Blanton, As I tated a while ago, Mr. SABATH, for the past six year ~ , of T f'xa • ------. as I recall it-I do not know the exact time-bas lJeen on both ~Ir. l\IONDELL. 1\lr. Speaker, bas the majority in making the Committee on Foreign Affairs .and the Committee on Immi- up it~ list-- gration and Naturalization. I am informed that he has been I.\Ir. GAR ~ER. Before the gentleman asks the question may on Immigration for 14 yean·. It has been the inntriable cu - I make a statement touching the appointment of l\Ir. LoNDON. tom of the Democrats not tu take .a man off of the <:ommittee The minority found when it came to make up its list that l\Ir. unless be desires to be taken off. LO:\l)OX bad not been appointed to committees by the rna- l\Ir. l\IONDELL. wm the gentleman yield? jority and by looking o\er the precedents we found that both l\Ir. GARNER. Certainly. the Republican side and the Democratic side heretofore had by Mr. l\10NDELL. The majority did that in making up com- custom insisted upon the minority taking care of all the ele- rnittee . Some six or se>en gentlemen who were on some of ment ~ that might be in the Congress other than the majority, the exclusive committees were taken from a second committee. and we fornd it nece ary to assign l\Ir. LoNDoN to· the com- Mr. GARNER. I ha\e just explained to the gentleman that mlttees to which we have nominated him. I thought I owed when we bad the exclusive committee it applied to th£> -it to the House to make that statement. majority alone and not to the minority. But when it applied ::\Ir. MONDELL. Ha the minority followed the rule relative to our own committees, we made the exception that I l1:wc . to the exclusive committees? referred to. With the gentleman from Illinois [1\It·. SAB.un] l\lr. GARNER. V\"e have, with two exceptions, and if the and the gentleman from New York [1\Ir. RIORDAN] we violated gentleman will permit I will tell him where those two excep- our own rule in that particular, and came in allll explained to t ion were made. In the last Congress-and I think in the the caucus the reason why. I think that since we have adhered two preceding Congre es-the minority had exclusive commit- to the rule religiously in every other instance, except where tet's b~· resolution of its own committee on committees, but we two of our Members bad been serving for a loug time on t\\'o ma <1e two exceptions to that. One of them was the gentleman of these committee, and we had made the exception ourgelref', from Illinois [1\1r. SABA-TH], whom we assigned to the Committee you might grant us this. . on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Immigration. The l\Ir. l\10NDELL. Will the gentleman allow me? other was i:he gentleman from New York [Mr. RIORDAN]. who 1\Ir. GARNER. Certainly. sened on Rules and NaYal Affairs. Now, since those gentlemen l\1r. 1\lONDELL. I haYe consulted with quite a numlJer of lla\ e been on tho ·e committees-, I think, something from four to the members of the majority relatiYe to the case of l\Ir. HroR six years, we thought it would be rather unjust to take them DAN, and, while there is some difference of opinion, I felt off. since it wa · our custom always to leave a man on a com- there was sufficient opinion on the majority ide fayorable to mittee who had served on it, if be desired to do so, but outside the Riordan ease that I 'vas justified in allowing it to pnss of tho ·e two we ha\e adhered strictly to the rule laid down by without making an exception, so far as I am concerned. But the majority for the minority. I did not know that the minority intended to place anotlJet· l\lr. 1\10NDELL. Mr. Speaker, so far as Mr. RIORDAN's case man on two committees, one of tho e committees being an ex is concerned, it seem to me there were some very good argu- elusi-ve committee. rnent and reasons in fayor of modifying the rule, though I do I have not consulted any of the Member of the majority in not care to take the entire responsibility for modifying it or regard to it, and therefore it becomes my duty, unles. the allowing it to be modified or \iolated. I bad not intended per- gentleman withdraws the name, to make a· motion striking tll~ onally to object to the naming of 1\fr. RIORDAN .for two com- gentleman's name from one of the committees for which he mittee places, but other than that I feel I would not be justified has been nominated. on hebalf of the majority to allow a further exception to what Mr. GARNER. Let me say to the gentleman from W~· o ming we think i a very proper and very reasonable rule. May I that I know it was 1\Ir. KITCHIN's intention-he ba been Yet'y suggest to the gentleman from Texas that for the present be busy-to consult the gentleman from Wyoming and explain the witl1draw l\Ir. SABATH's name? I do not care to offer an amend- situation to him before this committee list came in. rnent to the list striking 1\:Ir. SABATH's name from one or the Mr. SISSON. As I understood the gentleman a moment ago, other of the committees for which be has been named, because he put the proposition alte ·natively that we pas o\er ::\lr. I do not know wbiclt committee 1\Ir. SABATH would prefer to SABATH's name until be had an opportunity to consult with hi:-; st'n·e on, and I have no eli position to suggest to the minority friends on that side and that the matter might be brought up at how they shall place their Members. :u the gentleman will a future date, and they might agree to it. withdraw Mr. SABATH's name for the time being, I shall be Mr. MONDELL. I will make no promises, of cour~e. \ery glad to take up the matter with Members of the majority l\Ir. SISSON. I did not understand the gentleman to make a. and learn what their opinion is in regard to the matter. promise. I am trying to accommodate the matter jf I c-:111. l\lr. GARNER. Let me say to the gentleman that I occupy the Therefore-- ~nm e position, probably, on this side that be does on that side. Mr. 1\IONDELL. At this time I am inclined to make tile I haye instructions from the Democratic caucus as to the com- motion. mittee assignments, and I would hesitate to assume the respon- Mr. SISSON. In other words, if the matter shall go on:> r ihility of withdrawing the name--- as far as Mr. SABATH is con<;erned, without your being coB- Mr. ~fONDELL. But it places me in a rather embarrassing suited-- position unless the gentleman d9es, for otherwise I shall be com- Mr. 1\IONDEL!t. I make no promises t1iat we shall arrh·e nt pt'lled to offer an n.mendment to strike Mr. SABATH's name from a different conclusion, but, at least, it will relieve the sit na one of those two committees; and I have rio means of knowing tion for the present and give us an opportunity to think it \\hich committee Mr. S.~BATH would prefer to serve on. If his over. nnme is withdrawn for the time beink, it can baye further con- 1\Ir. GARNER. Let me say, if I may, that I haw talked willl ._ideration. some of the Members who are sitting around me for tbf:! :\Ir. GARNER. I am in the same position the gentleman from moment, including the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. SABATH 1. ,\~ yoming ~s. I do not care to assume .the authority and vio- whose name is involved in the matter, and after the explanation la tE' the express directions of the Democratic caucus, whatever . we have made I feel I would be justified in withdrawing hi· might be my \iews in the premises:· · name from both committees temporarily, and then we can as -jgn 1\lr. COOPER of Wi con in. Will the gentleman yield? him at a later date. Mr. SIS 0~. Will the gentleman yield a moment? ·My Mr. GOOD. L do not quite understand the itnation. If tb ' understanding of the request of the gentleman is this-- gentleman from Illinois [1\ir. SADATH] must withdraw f rom u li·J i\Ir. COOPER of Wi cousin. Will the gentleman yield? of these committees, I do not understand why 1\lr. R r(HU> .\X :lit'. GARNER. Certainly. · does not come under the same rule. [Applause on tlJe Hepuh- 1Ir. 1\lONDELL. The gentleman from Texas has the floor. lican side.] Mr. RIORDAN is on more important committef>:': t ll a u l\lt·. COOPER of Wiscon in. Will the gentleman please tell Mr. SABATH. Why are· you going to make fisll of one aml fn\Y l the Hou e, or me at least, what particular rule is involved in of the other? Why Yiolate the rPl<:! in one ca.- e and th l'u 1921. 409 becnuse a few ~lembers o>er here want to promote ~Ir. RlORDAX When the dLtingnishNl gentlemnn from North Carolina [l\Ir. permit the promotion to go on? Let us enforce the rule or let KITCHI:\'] became chairman I .. nbmitted my list, or offered to u. grant Mr. S ..llB .TH the position that the cancu has gi\eu submit my li!-:t to him-I do not remember whether I actually him. It seem· to me we can not say to l\fr. RIORDA~, "You shall submitted it or not--but. prior to that time the Democratic occupy a po ition on the Committee on Rules, regarded as one leader rno\ed the selection of all members of committees, in of the most important committees of this House, and that you eluding \acancies. I was not gi-ven the opportunity or the right shall also, in •iolation of the rule, occupy a place on another to move the election of any member of a committee, although, of committee." Now, if we do that, it is a clear violation of the course, I could ha\e exercised that right; but I w.as told that in rule. order to have a Republican Member elected on a committee the 1\fr. REAYIS. If we violate the rule, we ought to be gi\en motion must come from the majority side of the House. I some reason for it. acquiesced in that. I belie\ed it "\\US right and proper. The Mr. GOOD. Ab olutely. I think Mr. RIORDA~ s name ought majority of the Hou e iS responsible, in the end, even for the to be temporarily withdrawn. appointment of committees. When Mr. K:rrcmN became the Mr. l\fONDELL. I think, so far as I am concerned, that leader on the Democratic side, as I recall, although my memory there are some good reasons why we may agree to allol'i· Mr. is not \ery fresh on the subject, I offered the resolution for the RIORDAN to serve on the two committees, but I ha•e no "eli posi- appointmtmt of the Republican members of the committees. So tion to control in the matter at all. I shall not make the that the history of the mo\ement has been that the majority i motion myself, and I take that position after consulting l'i-ith responsible e\en for the selection of minority members of com- many l\fember on the majority side. mittees in the end. l\lr. REAVIS. w·ould it be any embarras ment to state to Now, _the majority thi· time, tlu·o11gh its committee on com- the membership,. who have not been consulted, the reason why mittees, whose acUon was ratified in this particuL'lr hy the Re· the rule should be violated in case of l\fr. RIORDAN'! publicnn conference, provided that certain committees should l\Ir. MO:NDELL. There are quite a number of rea ons, I be exclu lYe, and that no Member appointed on one of tlw ~ e will say to the gentleman. I do not know that it i·· neces ary committees should be appointed on any other committee. It to go into them at this time. The minority leaders ha\e been may be proper to make an exception, but in my judgment the quite earnest in the m~_tter, I may say. Republican conference haYing passed upon the question, if an l\fr. WALSH. 1\Ir. Speaker, I would· like to ask the gentle- exception is made, the exception should be passed upon by the man from Wyoming, representing the majority, what action has Republican conference. [Applau e on the Republican side.] been ta~en by the majority side that leads him to refrain from And unle the gentleman from Texas [1\Ir. GAR~ER] nill with· making objection in Mr. RIORDAN's case. dra'v the name· of both l\Ir. SABATH and 1\Ir. RIOnD~, I shall l\Ir. MONDELL. No formal action has been taken by the be compelled to offer an amendment striking their names out majority in the case, • and, so far as the " gentleman from at thL time, and then if the minority desire these ge11tlemen to Wyoming " i concerned, if the gentleman from ·Massachusetts be elected to these committees I am perfectly willing to ha•e it de ires to make a motion, of course he has the right to do it. acted upon by the Republican conference immediately, and it l\Ir. WALSH. The gentleman from Wyoming is representing may be that the Republican conference will allow it. But I tlte majority side, and I wondered if there had been any action supposed that when we notified the minority of the rule adopted taken by the majority, or by a rnqjority of the majority, which that rule would be followed by the minority. led the gentleman to make the exception. Mr. GARNER. l\Ir. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? l\Ir. MONDELL. There was not, but the gentleman from Mr. l\LU\~. Yes. Wyoming wa notified and advised by the minority that this Mr. GAR~'ER. The gentleman realize the position that I was the only exception that they desired to make, and they occupy? seemed to think that tr.ere were very good reasons why this l\!1·. 1\IAJ.'\'N. I do. one exception should be made. l\fr. GAR~'ER. I am here as the agent of the Democratic l\Ir. DYER. l\1r. Speaker, a point of order. caucus nominating Members for assignment as Democrats on The SPEAKER. What is the gentlem~'s point of order? the variou standing committees. Now, the re nlt would .be l\fr. DYER. Or, rather, I would like to make a parliamentary. the same if I agreed to it or if the gentleman made a motion inquiry. to· strike them out; but I prefer-- The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. l\'Ir. UA.i,X. Xo; the difference is-- Mr. DYER. What is the question before the House? Mr. GARNER. Not to take the respon ibility of striking their The SPEAKER. A resolution submitted by the gentleman names off the list. from Texas [Mr. GARNF:R]. Mr. l\LU\"N. So far as the responsibility is concerned, that Mr. MANN. l\fr. Speaker, will the gentleman from Texas does not bother me in the least. yield me a few minutes? l\lr. GARXER. It bothers ffie. l\Ir. GARJ\'ER. Certainly. I yield to the gentleman fiye l\fr. MA~TN. But it would seem to be more of a reflection minutes. on the Member to strike his name out by a motion than to Mr. MANN. Mr. Speaker, when the rule was adopted pro- withdraw it awaiting future action. viding for the election of committees by the House, instead of l\Ir. GARNER. I agree that it would be more harmonious the appointment of committees by the Speaker, the Democrats and would leave a better taste in the mouth to "'\\ithdraw them were in control of the House. By ·their caucus they provi mitt€'e , nnd I think a little oil will be better than \inegar, and other of $1,600, another of !1:5,000, another of 3,600, ani! an since tLe result would be the same and it might tend to make other of $3,240. the "·ay ensier, I am inclined to take the road that will accom· 1\Ir. BYRKS of Tennessee. Then, as a matter of fact, we are plisl1 the most good. Mr. Speaker, I shall withdraw both th"! confronted with this proposition-and· I understand the posi names of l\1r. RIORDAN and Mr. SABATH. The result will prob tion of the gentleman. Of course, it has always been the uni ably be the same, as you gentlemen have the power, and might form ·custom to permit the Senate to arrange for its own per make right, according to the philosophy of some gentlemen. sonal help. 1\Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to withdraw the names Mr. GOOD. Yes. . of 1\Ir. SABATH and Mr. RIORDAN from the resolution. Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. But, as a matter of fact, the Sen l\lr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Let me remind my colleague ate by this amendment to the deficiency bill has increased the that the gentleman from New York [Mr. RIORDAN] has been appropriation provided for clerical as istance to Senators in elected a member of the Committee on Rules, and I understand the sum of something over $20,000 over and abo\e the amount the gentleman merely withdraws his name from the Committee allowed in the legislative bill which was passed only in the on Naval Affair . latter part of February. · · 1\fr. GARNER. Ye ·. 1\!r. GOOD. Yes. I should think considerably O\er $20,000. The SPEAKER The names of 1\lr. RIORDAN and Mr. SA.BA.TI1 I will say to the gentleman that personally I do not belie\e have IJeen withdrawn, and the question is on the resolution. there is any excuse for it. The resolution was agreed to. 1\.Ir. BYRNS of Tennessee. I know the gentleman's position. Mr. GOOD. I think they have enough, but the House. has EXPENSES INCIDENT TO FIRST SESSIO:N OF SIXTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS. never passed on that matter. If we should disagree to the 1\Ir. GOOD. Mr. Speaker, I call up the bill (H. R. 3707) amendment we would go over and then the conferees would . making appropriations for certain expenses incident to the come back and move to recede from our disagreement and first session of the Sixty-seventh Congress, and for other pur concur. poses, and ask unanimous consent for its consideration. 1\Ir. BYRNS of Tennessee. But the situation is just this: I The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the Senate amend understand the gentleman does not propose to make an objec ment. tion and I am not making any criticism whate\er of the gen The Clerk read the Senate amendment. tleman, because I know perfectly well his individual opinion. 1\Ir. GOOD. Mr. Speaker, the Senate in reorganizing its Mr. GOOD. The gentleman from Tennessee would do the committees has made orne changes in its clerical assistance. same thing. • While this amendment adopted by the Senate carries con 1\fr. BYRKS of Tennessee. Exactly; I have no doubt of that; siderable new money, it also allows appropriations aggregating but the situation i~ this, that by reason of the fact that it was approximately $500,000 carried .for the next year to lapse. For necessary to pa ·s a deficiency appropriation bill providing for example, it carries in the first paragraph of the amendment a stationery and certain allowances for thi Congress, the Senate total of $73,000 for compensation for clerks and assistant has added to that deficiency bill an appropriation of more than clerk ·, and so forth, of \arious committees. It also carries only $20,000 in e:xces · of that which was allowed regularly in the $392,000 for clerical assistance to Senators, whereas the law legislati\e appropriation bill for clerical assistance for the carries $436,800 for clerks to Senators who are not chairmen next fiscal year. of committees which will lapse. 1\Ir. GOOD. Yes; and I will say to the gentleman that we l\lr. BYRNS of Tenne see. Will the gentleman yield? ga\e them an excuse. 'Ve did the same thing and the minority l\1r. GOOD. Yes. side carne in with an additional appropriation for one of its l\11:. BYRNS of Tenne see. The gentleman has just said that employees. the legislative bill carried such clerical assistance. How much 1\Ir. BYR~S of Tennes ee. It amounted only to a difference as istance was allowed each Senator or what number of em of $300 in the fiscal ~· ear, as the gentleman knows. Ployees? 1\Ir. GOOD. I know; it was a small amount, but it opened l\1r. GOOD. I do not know; it has been changed very ma the doors. terially. This matter only involves one amendment and it is 1\Ir. FLOOD. l\Ir. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? all for Senate employees and assistants. The Senate did not 1\Ir. GOOD. Yes. change the bill us it passed tp.e House. The only amendment 1\fr. FLOOD. Did the Senate increase the number of clerks being a matter peculiarly within the province of the Senate is assigned to Senators or the salaries of those they already have? a matter that the House bas never interfered with. 1\.Ir. GOOD. It is impo"sible to tell from the amendment. Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. I understand that, but I wanted 1\Iy thought is that they have increased the number; but they to know what action the Senate had taken in changing the may ha\e increased some salaries al o. I do not think so, but legislative enactment, or rather changing the provisions in the you can not tell from the amendment. legislative bill providing for assistance. My recollection was Mr. WINGO. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? that in the legislative bill passed at the la t session Senators 1\Ir. GOOD. Yes. were each allowed four clerks-to those Senators not chairmen Mr. WIXGO. Of course, I agree with the gentleman that the of committees. I can not understand why this amendment was House should not interfere with the Senate in handling their offered in the Senate unless it propo es to increase the salaries clerical force, but if the gentleman will permit, if such a re of these assistants. organization· scheme is going to be adopted all the way around, :Mr. GOOD. The Senate has reorganized their committees, I shall lose hope of ha\ing any genuine economy in reorganiza and, as I understand, the item carried for clerks and assistant tion. As I uhderstand it, they have reorganized the committees clerks to Senators not chairmen of committees in the legislative of the Senate under the plea of economy and efficiency. Let us bill for next year was :9436,800. This amendment which they hope that the reorganization of the other branches of the Gov adopted for these clerical places amounts to $392,000, or a ernment will not result in the same increa~ed expenditures and reduction of $44,800. burdens on the Treasury. I appreciate the delicate situation l\1r. BYRNS of Tennes ee. Wha~ is the change in the ap in which the gentleman from Iowa finds himself, and I would propriation with reference to as istants of committees; the do as he does. Each House ought to control its own clerical gentleman stated a while ago that the amendment carried force, but I hope this is not to be the rule in respect to the other $73,000. reorganizations. !\Ir. GOOD. This i. · for clerical as istants to Senators not 1\lr. 'VHEELER. l\Ir. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? chairmen of committees. 1\fr. GOOD. Yes. l\fr. BYRNS of Tennessee. I un l\lr. :JJAcGHEGOR l\fr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. McCLINTIC. Will the geut1eniun yield for a question? :Mr. GOOD. Ye . The SPEAKER. The gentleman can not yield now, the regv ~Ir. MAcGREGOR. Is there anything in this bill which takes lar order having been deman.de 1\Iaj. Ansell was a member is now before the Department of The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Illinois Justice. Would the committee appointed by the resolution haJYe offers an amendment, \vhlch the Clerk will report. jurisdiction sufficient to get that contract from the Department. The Clerk read as follows: of Justice and examine it? • Amendment offered by Mr. MANN: Page 2, line 10, after the word 1\Ir. CAMPBELL of Kansas. I am sure the committee would "otherwise," strike out the words: "That said committee or subcom act discretely. They would not embarrass the Department of mittee may select its own <'hairruan." Justice by making public nny matter that it has in view by 1\!r. MANN. I think the gentlemen who introduced the reso offering it as testimony. lution have no objection to this. This is something that has l\lr. WINGO. Will the gentleman yield for a question there? never been done. I believe, on the whole, it . is wiser to let l\Ir. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Yes. the Speaker name the chairman of the committee than it is to 1\Ir. WINGO. 1\Iy mind is not clear at the moment on the let the committee possibly quarrel about who shall be its legal phase. Is t~1e gentleman prepared to advise the House chairman. whether or not the calling of some person who might be guiltY. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on agreeing of the offense charged before this committee, and who testifies, to the amendment. might not grant to him an immunity against prosecution that The question was taken, and the amendment was agreed to. tho Department of Ju tice might wish to institute? Has the Mr. FIELDS. 1\fr. Speaker-- gentleman contemplated that difficulty? Is he prepared to ad· l\1r. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, I offer an amendment. \ise the House in regard to it? The SPEAKER pro temvore. The gentleman from Kentucky l\Ir. O.Al\IPBELL of Kan as. I am not prepared to advise the [Mr. FIELDs] is recognized. Hou e just what effect certain questions propounded to certain Mr. FIELDS. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen, I only want to witnes es would ha•e in this matter. submit a few observations in regard to this matter. :Mr. WINGO. I am in fu\or, of course, of bringing them to The chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs was ju ·t ice, but I was wondering if they were going to be gi\en an directed by unanimous vote of that committee to ask the Com immunity bath by appearing before this committee. mittee on Rule for this resolution. That there was a con· 1\Ir. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield me fiye minutes? spiracy to get Bergdoll out of the country there is no doubt. 1\Ir. MANN. The gentleman can not yield time. It is only fair, however, to the Department of Justice to say, :\lr. BLANTON. 'Ve are under the 5-minute rule. in passing, that that matter has not been entirely overlooked The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman by the courts. The Federal court made an investigation of from Kansas [Mr. CAMPBELL] has expired. the matter, and up to this time there have been five convictions, Mr. POU. Mr. Speaker, briefly, the history of thi resolu including the mother of Bergdoll. The accused, as I now tion is as follows: A fa\orable report was authorized by . the recall, have appealed their cases, and the appeals are pending. Committee on Rule , but after consideration the chairman of But lest the impression might go out, from some remarks that the Committee on Rules, acting upon authority from that com were dropped here a while ago, that the Department of Justice mittee, decided not to pre ent the report to the House. had not attempted to discharge its duty in this matter, I only Now, l\fr. Speaker, I ba\e heard no reason to justify a wanted to call the attention of the House to the fact that up change in the action taken by the chairman. I do not belieYe to this time there have been, as previously stated, five con~ thi is a proper subject for an investigation by this Hou e, but victions for conspiracy in the escape of Bergdoll, including the it is a proper subject for inve Ugation by the Department of mother of BergdolL That is ~ll I have to say. Justice. Why not in•e tigate the killing of l\faj. Cronkhite? Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I have an amendment that I Why investigate thi particular violation of law only? Now, wish to offer. a new administration ha come into power. If anybody -vio The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Alabmna lat s the law, the proper agencies exist to investigate and to offers an amendment, which the Clerk will report. prosecute. The Clerk read a · follows : Tho Department of Justice has agencies at its command Amendment offered by Mr. BANKIUJ.A.D: After the word "Accounts" wbi(·h this Hou e certainly has not, and I submit it is belit· in the Mann amenclment add tho following : a Provided, Tbat the ~penses of said investigation shall not exceed tling tho dignity of thi Hou e to create a select committee of the sum of $10,000." fi\e to investigate a plain violation of the law. However, the minority will not attempt to throw any obstacles in the way of l\lr. KAHN. There is no objection to that. the investigation, pursuing a course we have always pursued. l\lr. BANKHEAD. If there is no objection to it, I do not If anybody. has violated the law, and you can put your finger desil'e to argue that amendment, 1\'Ir. Speaker. upon the man by an in\estigatlon of this kind, certainly we The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend- shall not h·y to pre•eut it. But I ubmit, :Mr. Speaker, that it ment. is a precedent that ought not to be set. If there was any sug The amendment was agreed to. gestion that anybody \Vas being protected under a former ad l\fr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, I offer an amendment. ministration, that suggestion certainly can not be made now. The SPEAKER. 'l'he Clerk will report the amendment The party in power had a clean sweep; you have got every offered by the gentleman from Texas. The Clerk read as follows; agency of the Government from the highest to the lowe t ~ or, Amendment offered by ~Ir. Br..a~TON : On page 1, line 1, after tho at least, you will have in a -very short while. If anybody ought word u Resolved,'' strike out llnc 1 and an of line 2 (!own to the word to be in stripes, let the Department of Justice, let the courts " to " and insert in lieu thereof the following: " That th& Honse of the country, let the grand juries investigate. It certainly is M:Uitary Affairs Committee be authorized." not the proper province of this House to erect a committee and Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, if this amendment should be dignif~- au offense of this k'ind by ordering an inYestigation af:tOpted-and I am afraid it will not~! will then offer au when agencies already exit charged under the law with that amendment to perfect the balance of the resolution so that it particular duty. You talk about getting through with $10,000. would apply to the House Committee on Military Affairs. That amount will be oul~· a starter. I speak for myself only. I Why should there be a special committee? We haYe a House can not support the re ·olution, while, of course, I know it will Committee on Military Affairs-able and intelligent and with be agreed to. nothing to do practically. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The timo of the gentleman has Mr. WINGO. l\lr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield for a e::K"pired. question? l\fr. 1\IAJ\TN. l\lr. Speaker, I offer an amendment, which I l\lr, BLANTON. Yes; I yield. send to the Clerk's desk. l\1r. WINGO. The gentleman may have overlooked this, The SP.EAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Illinois that possibly each member of the Committee on Military Affairs offers an amendment, which the Clerk will report. has already had a trip to Europe and it might be desired to The Clerk read as follows : select otbet.• gentlemen who haYe not had such a trip. Why Amendment offered by 1\h·. 1\.LA.s : Page 2, line 22, after· the word ~hould the gentleman object to that? " ·committee," insert the words: "and by the Committee on Accounts." Mr. BLANTON. That might po sibly be the case. But, Mr. l\Ir. MANN. That IYOu.ld simply provide that the vouchers Speaker, the Committee on Military Affairs already has a secre must be approved by the chairman of the committeo and also tary and an assistant ·ecretary, and au appropriation was made by the Committee on Account . providing it with three e::\.'tra clerks, all of whom can wait on them. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to It has access to our official stenographers to committees, who · the amendment of the gentleman from Illinois. receiYe $6,000 a year salary, to report their proceeding ·. It has The amendment wa • agreed to. very little to do, since the power to approp1·iate has been taken l\Jt•. 1\IANN. l\fr. Speal{ r, I move to trike out, on page 2, from it. Why should not our distinguished chairman of that b~ginuing in line 10: committee make this iuvestigation through hi · Committee on That said committee or Sl~bcom mittee may select its own chulrmun. Military Affairs, with all its mnchiuer;r already provided and 414 CON GRESS ION AL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 18, paid for out of the public exchequer, instead of a special new The officers who were above this lieutenant suggested to committee, with all of these new incidental expenses? If you hillJ. that he had better forget all about it. Now, it might be are going to economize, if you are going to begin this new pro necessary to bring that lieutenant to 'Vashington to testify. It gram of economy that you promised the people you would carrr might be necessary to bring quite a number of witne ses to out, why not start it now? testify. The Committee on Military Affairs are thrown into 1\ir. lVIANN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? contact with the officers of the Army and the enlisted men of The SPEA.KER. Does the gentleman from Texas yield to the the Army frequently; in fact, con~tantly. It was thought by the gentleman from Illinois? members of the committee that this special committee of in Mr. BLANTON. Just in a moment. If the gentleman will vestigation would be better able to get at all the facts, because help rue get a few minutes more I will yield to him. then nobody could find fault with the action of the committee Mr. MANN. How many clerks did the gentleman say the on the score that we in the Military Affairs Committee were committee had? trying to cover up something or trying to protect somebody. Mr. BLA~TON. It has a clerk and three extra assistants. I for one hope that this amendment of the gentleman from At least the appropriation bill provided the three extra assist Texas [Mr. BLANTON] will not pass, and that the entire special ants. committee shall be made up of Members of this House who are 1\Jr. :MANN. The gentleman's information is not correct. The not connected with the Committee on Military Affairs. There Committee on l\lilitary Affairs has two clerks. are a great many things to be investigated. 1\lr. BLANTON. It had three in the last Congress. It is not going to be an easy task to get at all the facts, but Mr. MANN. It did not The gentleman also said that the the committee should have full authority to send for person and official stenographers to committees are paid to do work for the papers, to go into every fact as deeply as possible, and once and Committee on Military Affairs. for all lay the responsibility for this escape on the proper per l\Ir. BLANTON. Is not that the case? sons. Throughout the country it has been customary for people :llr. l\!AJ.""lN. It is equally the case that they could do wo·rk who are opposed to our form of government, especially com for this special committee, so that the gentleman's two argu munists, syndicalists, and exn·eme radicals of that type, to say ments have no relation to the facts. that there is one law in this country for the rich and another Mr. BLA.i.~TON. Possibly the tlu·ee extra clerks at $1,500 for the poor. They point to the Bergdoll case to show the cor euch were for the Senate l\Iilitary Affairs Committee. Well, rectness of their statement. They say that if this wealthy draft there iS a Military Affairs Committee; there is no doubt about dodger had been a poor man there would have been no opportu that. It has a alerk, pai.cl for by the people's money; there is nity given him to make an escape, but that being a multimillion no doubt about that. It has an assistant clerk, paid for by aire a way was found to place the opportunity within his reacll. the people's money. Will anybody question that? It has ac Let "QS stop any criticism of that kind by going to the very bot cess to committee stenographers already on the roll. It has tom· of the facts in connection with this case. I hope that a plenty of members able to make the investigation. This reso select committee will be appointed to find out what these fact lution provides for the employment of counsel, and evidence are. [Applause.] shows that the man most responsible for Bergdoll's escape is Mr. WHEELER. Will the gentleman yield? Gen. Ansell, and Gen . .Ansell has already received a $15,000 fee Mr. KAHN. I yield to the gentleman. from the people's money through the action of a committee in Mr. WHEELER. I should like to ask the chairman of the employing him as its counsel since. Bergdoll escaped, and I do committee if he does not believe that the Department of Justice not want to see him receive any more. is doing all it possibly can about this Bergdoll case? The SPEAKER. Thf' time c~f the gemleman from Texas has Mr. KAHN. I read the testimony that was taken in the expired. court trial at Philadelphia, where five defendants were con l\Ir. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, may I have a little more time! victed of conspiracy in connection with one angle of the Bergdoll l\Ir. .M.AJ.~N. Mr. Speaker, I \"Y·ant to ask that the gentleman case. I read the testimony that was produced by the War De may have two minutes more. I want to keep faith. partment through the Inspector General of the Army, and yet I The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois asks unani feel that quite a number of things that ought to have been inn•s• mous consent that the gentleman .from Texas may proceed for tigated were not brought out in any of those hearings. two minute'3 more. Is there objection? Mr. QUIN and Mr. McKENZIE rose. There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from 1\Iissi sippi [1\lr. Mr. BLANTON. I want to see Berg-doll caught and brought Qurn] desire to be recognized? back and put in the penitentiary. I want to see Germany give Mr. QUIN. Yes. I am for the resolution. him up. As a military nation they have no right to bald a The SPEAKER. The pending question is the amendment of lacker. Everybody connected with his escape ought to be in the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BLANTON]. the penitentiary, and we ought to get them there. But it is l\fr. QUIN. I do not care anything about the amendment. I to the means of getting them there that I object. However, am for the resolution. I shall vote for this resolution if it is-the lust ~hance to get Mr. McKENZIE. Mr. Speaker, I desire to add one word to Bergdoll, if it is the only chance we have. If we ha\e to spend what has already been said by my distinguished colleague [l\lr. $10,000 to get J1im, I am going to vote to ~pend it. Hut I say KA.HN], the chairman of the Committee on Military Affair· in that this expense is unnecessary, and you gentlemen who are opposition to the adoption of the amendment offered by 'the committed to the new system of economy ought to vote to let gentleman from Texas. I feel, however, that the distiilgubhed our distinguished Committee on Military Affairs and. its distin cpairman of the Committee on Military Affairs ought to be a guiRhed and able chairman take charge of this matter. They member of whatever special committee may be selected by the can do it at a merely nominal expense and ave this $10,000 in Speaker. But there are reasons why w~ on the Committee on the Treasury. Military Affairs do not wish to undertake this investigation at The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Texas has this time. When we had the Army reorganization bill before expired. · this House all the Members who were present in the last Con Ir. KAHN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to oppose the amendment. gress well remember the struggle that the Committee on l\1ili Mr. Speaker, it is not necessary to get excited about this tary Affairs had to put into that legislation a certain section thing. The Committee on Military Affairs has considerable providing for the classification of officers of the Army on th work to do, as have also the clerk and the assistant clerk of ground of efficiency, and we provided for Cia " A and cla s B. that committee. They have considerable work to do, notwith Since that time some 300 officers in the Army have been placed standing the statement of the gentleman from Texas [:Mr. BLAN in class B, and there has been very much criticism and com TON], who knows nothing whatever of the work of the Com plaint by them, they alleging that they had been di criminated mittee on :Military Affairs; and yet he makes exh·avagant against and retired from the service, while many inefficient statements on this floor which are not borne out by facts. officers had been retained. Now, the .Committee on Military Affairs feel that this matter Now, Mr. Speaker, Bergdoll was a military pri oner. He wa should be taken up by a select committee of the House, com in the custody of the Army of the United States, and he could posed of gentlemen who are not on the Committee on Military only walk out from those prison walls by orders i sued by men Affairs. It is a very serious question that is involved. There in the Military Establishment ; and as one member of the Com are many angles to it. One bit of information that came to me mittee on Military Affairs I want this question sifted to the the other clay was to the effect that a lieutenant who had been bottom, and if there is an officer in the Army of the United in the emergency army, living out in Portland, Oreg., had made States, high or low, who can not give a reasonable excuse for the statement that he recognized Bergtloll in Berberich, Baden, being a party to this most infamous thing I want to see a re and called the attention of the military intelligence officers to port brought in here to that effect, and I want that officer or the fact that Bergdoll was there. He sugge ted, I am informed, those officers summarily dismissed from the service of tlle that efforts ought to be made to bring the . lacker over to the United States. [Applau e.] American line. 1\lr. BLA.l"TON. Will the gentleman yield for a question? OON~GRESSION AL R-ECORD-HDUSE. 415 l\Ir. :M: M1·. - :MO~DELL. Not until Wednesday. Also, a bill (H. R. 407fl) to pro>ide for the erection of a Tlle .:PEA..I~ER. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The public building at Duquesne, Pa. ; to the Committee on Public Cltair i1ea.rs none. Buildings and Grounds. 1\lr. l\IO~DELL. Mr. Speaker, while I am on my feet may I Also, a bill (H. R. 4080) to pro\'i LXI--~7 418 CONGR.ESSION 1-tL R.ECOl{.D-HOTI SE. rtPRIL 18, .Also, a biU (H. n. 4101) to authorize the construction of the Also, a bill {H. R. 412'2) providing for the retre of boxes, Soot11ern Lassen Resenvirs in NeYfida nnd California for im~ bags, or otbe1:· packages by manufacturers of tobacco, nuff, and pounding the waters of the Little '.rruckee RiY'er and Long Val~ cigars, and for other purpose~; to the Committee on Ways n.nd ley Creek, and their tribnt.aties, and for other purposes; to the l\Ieans. - · Committee on Irrjgation of Arid Lands. Also, a bill (H.· R. 4123) to provide for the consolidation of Also, a bill (H. R. 4102) to amend an act entitled "An act to forest lands in the Plumas National l~or·est, Calif.~ and for proYide capital for agricultural development, to create standard · other purposes; to the Committee on the Public Lands. forms of investment based upon farm mortgage, to equalize Also, a bill (H. R. 4124) authorizing the Secretary of the rates of interest upon farm loans, to furnish a market for Inter.ior to provide re-lief and care of n()nreservation Indians in United States bonds, to create Go\ernment depositaries and California in destitute ·circumstances, and for otlier purposes; financial agents for the United States, and for other purposes," to the Committee on Indian Affairs. approved July 17, 1916 (sess. 1, ch. 245, p. 360, 64-th Cong.); to ' By Mr. SANDERS of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 4125) to au~ the Committee on Banking and Currency. thorize- the commitment of convicted persons to State penal Also, a bill (H. R. 4103) making an app-ropriation to enforce f'arm; to the Committee on the Judiciary. :the provisions of an act to regulate the sale of viroses, serums, By 1\Ir. SIEGEL: A bill {H. R. 4126} to amend an act en toxins, and analogous products, and to regulate interstate traf~ titled "An act to parole United States prisoners, and for other llc in said article , and for other purp-oses; to the Committee Oll purposes," approved Juile 25, 1910, as amended by an act ap Appropriations. . proved January 23, 1913, and for the establisl'lment of a proba- Also, a bill (H. R. 4104} making an appropriation, direeting ' lion system in the United States courts, except in the District and empowering the purchase, preparation, and dispositio-n free of Columbia; to the Committee on the Judiciary. of cost of antirabic virus, to be used in the treatment of person . Also, a bill (H. R. 4127) to amend an act entitled "An act exposed to rabies, and for _other purposes; to the Committee on making appropriations for- sundry civil exp.enses of the GoYern~ Appropriations. ment for the fiscal year ending June 3Q, 192:!. and for other Also, a bill (H. R. 4105) to amend section 5 of the act ap- purposes''; to the Committee o-n the Judiciary. pro,-ed March 2, 1919, entitled "An act to provide relief in cases By 1\Ir. SJNNOTT: A bill (H. R. 4128) restoring homestead of contracts connected with the prosecution of the war, and for rights to officers, soldiers, sailors, and marines who served in the other purposes"; to the Committee on 1\Iiues and l\Iining. United ·states Army or Navy during the war with Germany.; to Also, a bill (H. n. 4106) to authorize the Supreme Comi; to 'tlle Committee on the Public Lands. pre cribe forms and rules, and generally to regulate pleading~ By l\lr. TILLl\f.AN: A bill (H. R. 4129) to create the national procedure, and practice on the common-~aw side of the Federal board of rural industrial schoo-ls. for mountain child1·en, am:l for courts; to the Committee on the Judiciar-y. other purposes ; to t11e Committee on Education. Also, a bill (H. R ·4107) exempting enlarged ho-mesteads from :A1so, a bill (H. R. 4130} granting additional compensation to liability for debt contracted prior to issuance of patent; to the all officers and enlisted personnel of the Army, Na\y, and Ma~ Committee on the Public Lands. rine Corps, including nur es; to .the Committee on Way and Also, a bill (H. R. 4108) to create a bureau for the deaf and ~Ieans. dumb in the Department of Labor, and prescribing the duties By Mr. TOWNER: A bill (H. R. 4131) to amend an act en~ thereof; to the Committee on Education. titled "An aCt to provide capital for agricultural deYelopment, to Also, a bill (H. R. 4109) making an appropriation for the de- create standard forms of inv-estment based upon farm 'mortg-age, struction of animals affected with tabies or other animal di~ to equalize rates of interest upon farm loans, to furnish a mar~ eases dangerous to the health of human beings as well as domes- ket 101· United States bonds, to create Go-rernment clepo itaries tic animals, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Appro- and :financial agents for the United States, and for other pur priations. poses,"' approved July 17, 1916; to the Committee on Bank~ Also, a bill (H. R. 4110) making an appropriation for tile ing and Currency. · · investigation of underground currents and artesian wells in By l\fr. WHITE of ~Iaine: A bill (H. R. 4132) to regulate tJ_le California; to the Committee on Appropriations. operation of and to encourage the development of radio com~ Also, a bill (H. R. 4111) for the protection and improvement munieation in the United 8tates; to the Committee on the :ller~ of the Lassen Volcanic National Park, Calif., and for other pur- chant Marine and Fisheries. · poses; to the Committee on Appropriations. . By ~lr. WILSON: A bi~ (H. R. 4133) to prohibit i.mmigration Also, a bill {H. R-. 4112) to establish a standard box for for a period of four years, and for other purposes ; to the Com~ apples, and for other purposes; to the Co-mmittee on Coinage, mittee on Immigration and Naturalization. Weights, and l\leasures. . By Mr. YOUNG: A bill (H. R. 4134) to prolide further for Also, a bill (H. R. 4113) authorizing and directing the Public securing and disseminating information concerning the upply Printer to pTovide a pulp and paper mill or mills for the manu- and demand in foreign countries for American agricultural facture of print paper for the Government, and for o-the-r p-nr- products; to the Committee on Agriculture. [loses; to the Committee on Printing. By ~.I.r. BR-IGGS: A hill (H. R. 4135) for the erection of a Also, a bill (H. R. 4114) making an appropriation for the post-office building at Crockett, Tex.., with an appropriation of iu-restigation, study, and testing of agebrush and greasewood $100,000 for sucl'l purpose; _to the Committee on PUblic Btiildings which may be u ed for producing rubber, and for other pur- and Grounds. po es; to the Committee on Appropriations. By Mr. HAYDEN: A bill (H. R. 4136) to provide :for marking Also, a bill (H. R. 4115) for improvement of Sacramento- the c-arcasses of goats with the words "goat meat"; to the Com~ River between Chico Landing nnd Red Bluff, Calif.; to the Com~ mittee on ~o-riculture. rnittee on Rivers and Harbors. Also, a bill (H. R. 4137) to repeal that pa;rt of the Indian Also, a bill (U. R. 4116) to make accessible to the people the appropriation act appro-ved April 21, 1904,, which authorizes the Yaluable scientific and other research work conducted by the exchange of public lands for private lands included within United States th1·ough establishment of a national school of cor~ Indian resenations; to the- COmmittee on Indian Affairs. respondence; to the Committee on Education. By Mr. RA.KER: A bill (H. R. 4138) making it unlawful to Also, a bill (H. R. 4117) making an appropriation to pm'Chaso board any passenger, freight, or other railway tr'ilin usecl in land for homeless Indians in California, and for other purposes; interstate commerce, and for other purposes; to the Committee to the Committee on Appropriations. on the Judiciary. _ Al o, a bill (H. R. 4118) for the preYention of vener·eal dis- By Mr. RUCKER: .A. bill (H. R. 413!)) authorizing the ac- ease in the District of Columbia, anu fo:t other purposes; to qnisition of a site for a :Ptlblic buildi:Q.g at Paris. Mo. ; to the the Committee on the Distriet of Columbia. Committee on Public Bulldings and Grounds. .Also a bill (H. R. 4119) gi -ing the courts in naturalization Also, a bill (H. R. 4140) authorizing tlie acquisition of a site proceedings further powers and requiring addition~ facts to be for a public building at Salisbury, Mo. ; to the Comnuttee on shown betore final naturalization papers are. issued to appli~ Public Buildings. and Grounds. cants, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Immigra~ Also1 a bill (H. R. .4141) authorizing the acqui ition of a site tion and Naturalization. for· a public building at Milan, l\Io-. ~to tbe Committee on Pllhlic .Also, a bill (H. n. 4J~O) authorizing- the Pitt RiYer and the: Buildings and Ground.S. Apwaraki ~rribe or Bands of Indians of California to submit Also. a bill (H. R. 4142) to provide ;for the erection of a post~ clailllS to the Court of Claims; to the Committee on Indian office building at Trenton, Mo. ; to the Committee on Public Affairs. - Buildings and Grormds. . Also. a bill (l-I. n. -:11::!1) to pro-ricle for an investigation and By 1\Ir. SANDERS of Indiana : A bill (H. R. 4143) fol' an report· a to the athi::::abilit~y of exchange of lauds iu national extension to the po..;t-office building at Terre Haute, in the fore ·ts, nml for othet· purposes; to the Committee on the ~blic State of Indiana; to the Committee on Public Buildings and Lands. Grounds. 1921. CONGRESSIOX _.A_L R-EOO.RD-HO-c-SE. 419 1 By Mr. 1\IANN: Resolution (H_ ne·. G9) · for the relief of tl.le ', By Mr. BL..l:XD of Virginia: .A. bill (H. R. 4159) granting a widow of Herman A. Phillips, late an employee of the House pension to Thomas Purcell ; to the Committee on Pensions. of Representatin'S; to the Committee on Accounts. Also, a bill (H. R. 4160) authorizing the Secretary of War to By l\Ir. DYER: Resolution (H. He~. 60) requesting the Inter donate to the \illage of "achapreague, State of Virginia, one state Commerce Commission to make certain in\estlgations re German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military garding the present anct fuhll'e supply of tie timber; to the Com Affairs; . mittee -on Inter tate and Foreign Commerce. By l\Ir. BRA.i~D: A bill (H. R. 4161) authorizing the Seer~· By 1\Ir. SNYDER: Joint reiolntion (H. J. Res. 53) inquiring tar3· of War to donate to the city of Madison, State of Georgia, as to the rights of the Montauk Indian of New York; to the one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on l\Iili· Committee on Indian Affairs. _ tary Affairs. By Mr. RAKER: Joint resolution (H. J. Res. 56) proposing Also, a bill (H. R. 4162) authorizing the Secretary of War an amendment to the Constitution of the United States; to the to donate to the city of Lexington, State of Georgia, one Ger Committee on the Judiciary. · man· cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, joint resolution (H. J. Rt's. 57) making the pro\islons Also, a bill (H. R. 4163) authorizing the Secretary of War to of section 2296 of the United States Revised Statute" applicable donate to the city of Co\ington, State of Georgia, one German to all entries made un Also, a bill (H. R. 42.:16) authorizing the Secretary of War to Also, a bill (H. R. 4274) authorizing the- Secretary of War donate to the city of Bellaire, State of Ohio, one· German cannon to donate to the city of Saline\ille, State of Ohio, one Ger- or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. man cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on 1\lilitary Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4247 ) authorizing the Secretary of War to- Also, a bill (H. R. 4275) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the city of Scio, State- of Ohio, one German cannon donate to the town .{)f Hopedale, State of Ohio, one German or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. · cannob or fieldpiece; to the Committee on 1\Iilitary Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4248) authorizing the Secretary of War- to Also, a bill (H. R. 4276) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the city of 1\Iartins Ferry, State- of Ohio, one German donate to the city of Rayland, State of Ohio one Ge1:·man can- cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. non or fieldpiece ; to the Committee on 1\lilita~·y Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4249) authorizing the Secretary of War to Also, a bill (H. R. 4277) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town of Hendrysburg, State of Ohio, one German donate to the city of l\lalvern~ State of Ohio, one German can- cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. non or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4250) authorizing the Secretar-y of War to Also, a bill (H. R. 4278) authorizing the Secretary of War to . donate to the city of Salem, State of Ohio, one German cannon donate to the city of Bethesda,. State of Ohio, one German can- or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. . non or- fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. AL'50, a bill (IL. R. 4231) authorizing the Secretary of War to Also, a bill (H. R. 4279) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the city of Mingo Junction, State of Ohio, one German . donate to the town of Mount Pleasant, State of Ohio, one Ger- cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on 1\Iilitary Affairs. man cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4252) auth<~rizing the Seeretary of War tO' Also, a bill (H. R. 4280) a:nthorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the city of Dellroy, State of Ohio, one· German cannon donate to the town of Sommerton, State of Ohio, one German or fieldpiece ; to the Committee on Military Affairs. cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4253) authorizing the Secretary of War to Also, a bill (H. R. 4281) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the city of Bowerston, State of Ohio, one German donate to the town of Dillonvale, State of Ohio, one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Afl'airs. cannon or fieldp-iece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4254-) authorizing the Secretary of War to Also, a bill (H. R. 4282) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the city of Brilliant, State of Ohio, one Geillian can·· donate to the town of Kilgore, State of Ohio, one German can- non ot• fieldpiece; Committee on Military Affairs. . non or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bUl (H. R. 4255) authorizing the- Secretary of War to Also, a bill (H. R. 4283} authorizing the Secretary of War to donate t(} the city of Adena, State of Ohi-o, one German cannon donate to the city of Columbiana, State of Ohio, one German or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4284) authorizing the Secretary of War to Also, a bill (H. R. 4256) authorizing the Secret!).ry of War to donate. to the town o:li LeesviUe, State of-Ohio, one German can donate to the city of Smithfiel~ State of Ohio, one German can- non or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Mllitar.y Affairs; non or fieldpiece ; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4257) authorizing the Secretary of War to Also, a bill (H. R. 4285) autherizing the Secretary of War to donate to the city of Toronto, State of Ohio, one German cannon . donate to the city of Leetonia, State of Ohio, one Get'1lliln cun non or· fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also• . a bill (H. R. 4286) authorizing the Secretary of War to Also, a bill (H. R. 4258) authorizing the Secretary of War to donate to the town of Irondale, State of Ohio, one German can· donate to the city of Jewett, State of Ohio, one German cannon . non or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. : . By 1\:Ir. PATTERSON of Missouri: A bill (H. R. 4287) grant· Also, a bill (H. R. 4259) ·authorizing the Secretary of War to ing an increase of pension to Charles L. 1\:IcClm·e; to the Com uonate to the city of Barnes·dlle, State of Ohio, one German mittee on Pensions. cannon or fieldpiece ; to the Committee on Military Affairs. A1 bill (H R. .-~ 60) th · · s By Mr. PERKINS: A bill (H. R. 4288) authorizing the Sec- so, a · -u.7 au onzmg the ecretary of War to l 1·etary of War to donate to the- city of Leonia, State of Ne-w donate to the City of Bridgeport, State of Ohio~ one ~erman Jersey, one German cannon or field!i>i'ece ·, to the Committee on cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee. on l\Iilitary Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4261) authorizing. the Secretary of War to J.\.Illi'tary Affairs. donate to the city of Sherods\ille, State of Ohio, one German AlsO', a bill (H. R. 4289) antllorizing the Soec1·eta:ry of Vlrar cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. to uonate- to the eity of Wood Ridge, State of New Jersey, one Also, a biU (H. R. 42~2) authorizing the Secretary of War to Germ'U!l cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on 1\filitary donate to the town of Mechanicstown,· State of Ohio, one German Affairs. cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4290) authorizing the Secretary of War Also, a bill (H. R. 4263) authorizing the Secretary of War to to donate to the city of Garfield, State of New Jersey, one Ger donate to the city of Shadyside, State of Ohio, one German man cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on 1\Iilitaiy Affairs. cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also.,_ a bill (H. R. 4291} authorizing the Secretary of WaF Also, a bill (H~ R. 4264) authorizing the Secretary of War to to d-on-ate to the- city of Ridgefield Park, State of New Jersey~ donate to the city of Lisbon, State of Ohio, one German cannon one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the .Committee on Military or fieldl)iece; to the Committee on Military Affairs: Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4265) authorizing the Secretary of War to Also, a bill (H. R. 4292) authorizing the Secretary of War donate to the city of Steuben•ille-,, State of Ohio, one German 1 to donate to the city of West 1\Iilford, State- of New Jersey, cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. 1 one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Col;Ilmittee on Military Also, a bill (H. R. 4266) authorizing the Secretary of War to ·Affairs. donate to the city of Carrollton, State of Ohio, one German Also, a bill (H. R. 4293) authorining the Secretary of War cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on 1\Iilitary Affairs. to donate to the city of Ruthe1for~ State of· New Jersey, one Also, a bill (H. R. 4267) authorizing the Secretary of War to · German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on 1\.filita.ry donate to the city of Cadiz, State of Ohio, one German ca..p.non Affairs~ or fieldpiece; to the Committee on 1\Iilitary Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4294) authorizing the Secr.etary of \Var Also, a bill (H. R. 4268) authorizing the. Secretary of War to to donate to the city of East Rutherf01·d, State of New Jersey, donate to the city of St. Clairsville, S~te- of Ohia, one German one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military cannon or fieldpiece ; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Affairs. . Also, a bill (H. R. 4269) authorizing the Secretary of War to By Mr. PURNELL: A bill (H. R~ 4295) granting a pension donate to the city of Wellsl'ille, Stat€' of Ohio, one German to. Nannie Williams; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. RAKER:. A bill -(H. R. 4296) granting an increase Also, a bill (H. R. 4270) authorizing the Secretary of War to of pension to Edward S. Atkins; to the Committee on Invalid donate to the city of Eust Liverpool, State of Ohio, one German Pensions. cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committ~e on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4-997) granting a pension to Francis A. Also, a bill (H. R. 4271) authorizing the Secretary of War to Baxter; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. donate to the city of Amsterdam, State of Ohio, one German Also, a bill (H. R. 4298.) granting a pension to George w. cannon or fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Keenan ; to the Committee on PeDSions. · Also, a bill (H. R. 42'i2) authorizing the Sec1'etary of War to Also, a bill (H. R. 4299) granting :1 pensi Also, a bill (H. R. 4302) granting a pension to Zoria B. Mc By l\!r. SANDERS of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 4337) author Crary; to the Committee on Invaliu Pensions. izing the Secretary of War to donate to the city of Terre Haute, Also, a bill (H. R. 4303) for the relief of Maurice B. Browne; State of Indiana, one German cannon or .fielupiece; to the Com to the Committee on the Public Lands. mittee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4304) for the relief of J. A. Perry; ~o the Also, a bill (H. R. 4338) authorizing the Secretary of Vi7ar Committee on Claims. to donate to the city of Brazil, State of Indiana, one German Also, a bill (H. R. 4305) for the relief of W. S. Curless; to cannon or .fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affair . the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4339) authorizing the Secretary of War to AI o, a bill (H. R. 4306) for the relief of Thomas A. Winn; donate to the city of :\fewport, State of Indiana, one German to the Committee on the Public Lands. cannon or .fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4307) for the relief of Evelyn Browne ; to Also, a bill (H. R. 4340) authorizing the Secretary of War to the Committee on the Public Lands. donate to the city of Greencastle, State of Indiana, one German Also, a bill (H. H. 4308) for the relief of \Villiam B. Fowler; cannon or .fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affair . to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 43-11) authorizing the Secretary of War to Also, a bill (H. R. 4309) for the relief of W .. F. Peck and donate to the city of Danville, State of Indiana, one German .l\L B. Gott ; to the Committee on Claims. cannon or .fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affair . Also, a l>ill (H. R. 4310) for the relief of 1\faude Browne Also, a bill (H. R. 4342) authorizing the Secretary of \Var to 1\fatkins, formerly Maude Bro\\'lle; to the Committee on the donate to the to'm of Coatesville, State of Indiana, one German Public Lands. cannon or .fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4311) for the relief of Anna W. Newman; Also, a bill (H. R. 4343) authorizing the Secretary of ·war to to the Committee on Claims. donate to the city of Rockville, State of Indiana, one German Also, a bill (H. R. 4312) for the relief of James W. Creighton cannon or .fieldpiece; to the Committee on :Military ..i1Iairs. as postmaster at Camino, Eldorado County, Calif., for money Also, a bill (H. R. 4344) granting a pen ion to William P . (gold coin) lost in transit after remittance left the Camino post Grimm; to the Committee on Pensions. office ; to the Committee on Claims. . Also, a bill (H. R. 4345) granting a pension to Noah L. Gib Also, a bill (H. n. 4313) for the relief of Andrew 1\I. Dunlop; -bons; to the Committee on Invalid Pen ions. to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4-346) granting a pension to 1\lary E. Also, a bill (H. R. 4314) for the relief of ~Irs. 1\f. P. Rodgers; Duncan; to the Committee on In>alid Pen ions. to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4347) for the relief of Jame · 1\lcD. Hay. ; Also, a bill (H. R. 4315) for the relief of the Indian Val~ey to the Committee on Military Affairs. Railroad Co. ; to the Committee on Claim . . AI o, a bill (H. R. 4348) . to correct the military record of Also, a bill (H. R. 4316) to correct the military record of Thornton Jack on; to the Committee on 1\Iilitq.ry Affairs. James ~I. 'Viley; to the Committee on Military Affairs. ~.<\.!so, a bill (H. R. 4349) for the relief of John II. Kidd; to Also, a bill (H. R. 4317) to correct the military record of the Committee on Military Affairs. Daniel Schneider ; to the Committee on ~!ilitary Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4350) to correct the military record of Also, a bill (H. R. 4318) authorizing the Secretary of War to John W. Gulley; to the Committee on Military Affairs. donate to the Preston School of Industry, of Waterman, State Also, a bill (H. R. 4351) to correct the military record of of California, two German cannons or fieldpieces; to the Com John C. Cummins; to the Committee on Military Affair·. mittee on Military Affairs. AI o, a bill (H. R. 4352) for the relief of John ,V. Baker: to Also, a bill (H. n. 4319) authorizing the Secretary of War ~o the Committee on Military Affairs. donate to the city of Colfax, State of California, two German Also, a bill (H. R. 4353) granting a pen ion to Rose Dn.Yid cannons or fieldpieces; to the Committee on Military Affairs. son; to the Committee on Pensions. . Also, a bill (H. R. 4320) authorizing the Secretary of War to By 1\!r. SHREVE: A bill (H. R. 4354) granting a p n: iou donate to the city of Roseville, State of California, two German to Alender Beebe; to the Committee on Invalid Pension . cannons or fieldpieces; to the Committee on Military Affairs. By 1\!r. SNELL: A bill (H. R. 4355) authorizing the Secre Also, a bill (H. R. 4321) authorizing the Secretary of War to tary of War to donate to the town of Madrid, State of New donate to the city of Lincoln, State of California, one German York, one German cannon or .fieldpiece; to the Committee on cannon or .fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Military Affairs. Also a bill (H. R. 4322) authorizing the Secretary .of War to By l\Ir. SWING: A bill (H. R. 43:36) for the relief of Arthur donate' to the city of Sutter Creek, State of California, two Ger J. Burdick; to the Committee on Claims: . man cannons or .fieldpieces; to the Committee on Military By 1\fr. TILL..."\IAN : A bill (H. R. 4357) authorizing the Sec Affairs. retary of War to donate to the county of Baxter, State of Also a bill (H. R. 4323) authorizing the Secretary of War to Arkansas, one German cannon or .fieldpiece; to tl.le Committee donate' to the city of Jamestown, State of California, two Ger on Military Affairs. man cannons or .fieldpieces ·; to the Committee on Military Also, a bill (H. R. 4358) authorizing ~e Secretary of War to Affairs. donate to the county of Newton, State of Arkansas, one Ger B:v 1\Ir. REECE : A bill (H. R. 4324) granting a pension to man cannon or .fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affair. . Robert Hopson ; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4359) authorizing the Secretary of War to Also a bill (H. R. 4325) granting an increase of pension to donate to the county of Carroll, Sta_te of Arkansas, one German Sarah 'l\lcQueen ; to the Committee on Pensions. cannon or .fieldpiece; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. 'R. 4326) granting a pension to James A. Also, a bill (H. R. 4360) granting a pension to Mary l\I. Wolfe; to the Committee on Pensions. Newman; to the Committ.ee on Pensions. By Mr. KOPP: A bill (H. R. 4327) granting a pen ion to Also, a bill (H. R. 4361) granting a pension to Elijah M . Margaret Pinkham; to the Committee on Pensions. Smothers; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. RHODES: A bill (H. R. 4328) for the relief of .John Also, a bill (H. R. 4362) granting a pension to Arulrew .J. F. Norton, alias .John Laughton; to the Committee on Military Gouge; to the Committee on In>alid Pensions. Affairs. - 'By Mr. TILSON: A bill (H. R. 4363) granting a pension to By Mr. ROACH: A bill (H. R. 4329) granting a pension to Mary l\1. Whitford_; to the Committee on Pen ions. Mary Ernaline Ash; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4364) granting a pen ion to Cllal'le - By 1\Ir. RUCKER: A bill (H. R. 4330) granting an increase Lynch ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of pension to 1\Iary J . Boo ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. UNDERHILL: A bill (H. R. 4365) for the relief of Also, a bill (H. R. 4331) granting an increase of pensi<>n to the owner of the steamer Mayjlowe1· and for the relief of the William M. Young; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. passengers on board the aid steamer; to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 4332) granting an incr·ease of pension to Claims. Lowell 0. Carpenter; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. n. 4366) for the relief of the Olrner of the Also, a bill (H. R. 4333) granting an increase of pension to steam lighter Gor·nelia.; to the Committee on Claims. Julia Tomlin ; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4367) for the relief of the m-rner of the AI o, a bill (H. R. 433-1) for the relief of Nathan McDaneld; schooner Horatio G. Foss; to the Committee on Claims. to the Committee on .;\lilitary Affairs. Also, a bill · (H. R. 4368} fot· the relief of the owner of t11e Also, a bill (H. R. 4335) granting a pension to William barge Havana~· to the Committee on Claim . Skinner; to the Committee on In>alid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4369) for the relief of the owner of tile Also, a bill (H. R. 4336) autholizing anu uirecting the Secre lighter Vim; to the Committee on Claims. tary of War to make certain donations of cannon and ordnance Also, a bill (H. R 4370) for the relief of the owner of the to designated towns and cities; to the Colllllittee on Military barge Consolidation Coastzrisc Yo. 2 -~; to the Committee on Affairs. Claims. · 19:21. COXGl{ESSIONAL R.ECORD- SENATE. 423 By Mr. LT;o;HA \Y: .\ bill (H. H. 4371) gran tin,.,. an increase l SENATE. of p~ 11 . ion to Lena Fitzgerald.: to the Committee on Pensions. n.- :\It·. \\_\.TSOX: ...-\..!Jill (H. n. 4372) authorizing the Secre TuESDAY, Ap1'il19, 19B1 . tary of "\Ynr to donate to the borough of Hatboro, State of Pennsylnmia, one German cannon or fieldpiece; to the Com (Legislative day ot Monday, April 18, 1921.) mittee on Military Affair . The Senate met nt 12 o'clock meridian, on the expiration of .\.1 ' O, a bill (H. R. 4373) authorizing the Secretary of War the recess. "'h to donate to the boron of Bristol, State of Pennsylvania, one BEHT M. FERNALD, a Senator from the State of Maine, and German cannou or fieldpiece ; to the Committee on Military JosEPH T. RoBINSON, a Senator from the State of Arkansas, Affair. . appeared in their seats to-clay. Al o, a bill (H. R. 4374) grunting an honorable discharge to John Prickett; to the Committee on 1\filitary Affairs. PETITIONS AND ME:llOIUALS. Also, a bill (H. R. 4375) granting an increase of pension to ~1r. 'CAPPER presented memorials of Di"\ision No. 161, l\Iary. J. Guy ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Or(j.er of Railway Conductors, of Parsons, and Local No. 330, B~v ::ur. WHITE of Kansas: A bill (H. R. 4376) granting a Order of Ra.ilway Conductors, of Emporia, both in the. State pension to Ciu·istina Wea\er; to the Committee on Pensions. of Kansas, remonstrating against the enactment of legislation By Mr. WOODYARD: A bill (H. R. 4377) for the relief of repealing the excess-profits tax and the adoption of a sales the widow and children of Gordon H. ~feek, deceased ; to the tax, which were referred to the Committee on Finance. Committee on the Post Office and Post Ronds. He also presented a resolution adopted by the National Wool Growers' Association, at its recent annual convention in Salt Lake City, Utah, favoring an increased appropriation for the PETITIOXS, ETC. destruction of predatory animals, which was referred to the Unller clause 1 of Rule L~II, petitions and papers were laid Committee on Agriculture nnd Forestry. on the Clerk's llesk and referred as follows: He also presented a resolution adopted by the .American 1ti . By l\Ir. EDMONDS : Peti.Uon of citizens of the fourth Society of Equity, of Dodge County, Wis., faYOl'ing the enact congressional tlistrict of Pennsylvania urging that the Congress ment of legislation legalizing collective bargaining by agri do not pass the bill H. R. 22; to the Comrillttee on Education. cultural organizations, which was referred to the Committee 150. By llr. NEWTON of Minnesota: Petition of 1\frs. C. L. on the Judiciary. Dutton and undry citizens of 1\finneapolis, Minn., petitioning the Mr. POMERENE presented petitions and re olutions in the Congress of.the United States to take the necessary action to nature of petitions of sundry citiz-ens of Sidney; Sister·s of recognize the republic of Ireland; to the Committee on Foreign Charity, of St. Vincent's Orphanage, of Cleveland ; sundry mem Affair . bers of St. James Parish, of Cleveland; sundry citizens of 100. .Also, petition of 1\lr. T. Mullen and sundry citizens of Cleveland; sundry" citizens of Ashtabula ; priest of St. Agnes Minneapolis, Minn., petitioning the Congress of the United Parish, of Cleveland ; sundry members of the Tuesday · Study States to take the necessary action to recognize the republic of Club, of Cleveland; sundry citizens of the State of Ohio ; officers Irelantl ; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. of Commodore Barry Council, Association for the American 161. By ::.\Ir. OSBORNE: Memorial of the board of tlirectors Recognition of the I rish Republic, of Sandusky ; American Asso of the Los Angeles (Calif.) Chamber of Commerce, protesting ciation fOr the Recognition of the Irish Republic, of Akron ; again t the jm·isdiction of the Hydrographic Office being changed American Association for the Recognition of the Irish Republic, to the Coast Survey, and urging the transfer to the Hydro of Cuyahoga Falls; Charles Carroll Council, American Associa gmphic Office, in the Navy Department, of the hydrographic sec tion for the Recognition of the Irish Republic, of Huron; A.theus tion of the Coast and Geodetic Survey ; to the Committee on Central Labor Union, of Athens; sundry citizens (in open rna s Appropliations. meeting assembled), <>f Newark; Holy Name Soci-ety, of St. 162. Also, memorial of W. S . .Ament, of Claremont, Calif., an.d Mary's Church, of Akron; sundcy citizens of Urbana; and 14 other citizens of California, to mitigate, better, and remove public meeting held nt the armory, of Cincinnati, all of tlle lmfortunate conditions now existing at the immigrant receiving State of Ohio; and sundry citizens of the State of New Jersey, tation at Ellis Island, N. Y. ; to the Committee on Immigration praying for the enactment of legislation for the recognition and Naturalization. of the Irish Republic, which were referred to the Committee 163. By Mr. ROACH: Petition of Young Men's Sodality of on Foreign Relations. St. Peter's Parish, Jefferson City, 1\fo., protesting against the He also presented a resolution of Columbus Council, Ameri Smith-Towner bill; to the Committee on Education. can Association for the Recognition of the Irish Republic, of 164. By Mr. WATSON : Petition of the employees of W. A. ColumJms, Ohio, protesting against the deportation of Lord Bauer & Co., of Norristown, Pa., favoring the daylight saving .Mayor O'Callagllan, of Cork, whkh wa referred to lhe Com bill for the eastern time zone of the United States; to the Com mittee on Foreign Uelations. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. 1\!r. NELSON presented a petition of the Jasper Stone Ca., 163. By 1\lr. YATES : Petition of A. F. Franks Cigar Co., of Sioux City, Iowa, praying for a tariff on buhrstones, tube East St. Louis, Ill., protesting against the emergency tariff bill; mill linings, grin