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The Niobrara Formation in the Southern Powder River Basin, Wyoming: an Emerging Giant Continuous Petroleum Accumulation

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The Niobrara Formation in the Southern Powder River Basin, Wyoming: an Emerging Giant Continuous Petroleum Accumulation The Niobrara Formation in the Southern Powder River Basin, Wyoming: An Emerging Giant Continuous Petroleum Accumulation Steve Sonnenberg Colorado School of Mines Halo Reservoir Tight Shale==Chalk Systems Very low matrix K Low matrix k Analogous to shale gas Thin bed, bioturbated Source = reservoir Source ≠ reservoir Migrated HC’s Examples: Niobrara, Clastics or Carbonates Austin Chalk, Eagle Ford, Ex: Codell, Turner, Vaca Muerta, Permian Cardium Wolfcamp, Bazhenov Unconventional Light Oil ~40 API Hybrid Shale Fractured Shale Systems Extremely low matrix Low matrix k k; primarily fracture k Analogous to tight gas Source = ≠ reservoir Source ≠ reservoir Clastics or Carbonates Example: Pierre Shale Ex: Bakken The Niobrara-Mancos Oil & Gas Play, Rocky Mountain Region Niobrara & Fracture Fields Florence Cañon City (Pierre Shale; Nio source) • 1862 • 15.3 MMBO Boulder (Pierre Shale; Nio source) • 1901 • 1 MMBO Rangely (Mancos/Niobrara) • 1902 • 11.7 MMBO, 12.2 BCF Salt Creek (Niobrara +) • 1907 • “Upper shale” Cretaceous Tow Creek (Niobrara) • 1924 • 3 MMBO; 0.3 BCF Buck Peak (Mancos, Nio) • 1956 • 4.7 MMBO; 8.2 BCF Puerto Chiquito (Mancos/Nio) • 1960 • 18.7 MMBO; 52 BCF Wattenberg (Nio, Codell) • 1980 • 86 MMBO, 1.1 Tcf Niobrara/Mancos Fields Silo (Niobrara) Rocky Mountain Region • 1981 • 10.4 MMBO; 8.2 BCF 5 Structure Niobrara 6 Modified from Meissner, 2004 Niobrara Wells Drilling Info, 2020 Cretaceous: Derived from the Latin “creta” (chalk), usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide (chalk) http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/ ‘Unlock the Chalk’ Longman et al., 1998 Photo by Vince Matthews, 2017 Niobrara Formation Longman et al., 1998 Upper Niobrara “A” Smoky Hill Mbr.Smoky Hill Middle “B” Lower “C” Fort Hays Kauffman & Caldwell, 1993 Barlow & Kauffman, 1985 Early Niobrara (Fort Hays) Time Middle Niobrara Time (Inoceramus erectus) (Scaphites depressus) RMAG Atlas, 1972 Niobrara Drilling Info, 2020 Niobrara Production PRB 100000 100000 100000 Cum (735 wells): 25,104,863 BO 112,563,986 MCF 10000 10000 10000 MCFD BWFD BOPD 1000 1000 1000 100 100 100 Daily Production Niobrara Horizontal Wells Longbow, 2019 PRB – Resource Potential EOG Resources 400,000 net acres 1600 drilling locations 2.4 billion barrels equivalent Mowry 141,000 net acres 1.37 billion barrels equivalent Niobrara 89,000 net acres 805 million barrels equivalent 17 Turner 169,000 net acres Chesapeake Energy owns 307,000 acres in the 300 million barrels equivalent Powder River Basin and has 2.7 billion barrels of oil equivalent gross recoverable resource potential. Amos Draw Trabing Area of Thermal Maturity Anna, 2009 Salt Creek Teapot Overpressured Area 18 Structure Niobrara & Niobrara Producers Isopach Niobrara CI: 50ft. & Structure Niobrara CI: 1000ft. PowellPorcupine Todd Niobrara A Niobrara B Niobrara C Sage Breaks Turner Basal Turner Disconformity Greenhorn Frontier SS Turner SS (Deltaic HSST) (Shelf SS) Trabing Crossbow Salt Creek Teapot Purple Sage Combs Ranch Isopach Niobrara CI: 50ft. Isopach Niobrara C CI: 50ft. Isopach Carlile CI: 50 ft. Isopach Niobrara B CI: 50ft. Isopach Niobrara B CI: 50 ft. & Structure Niobrara CI: 1000 ft Isopach Niobrara A CI: 50ft. Facies Distribution North South Nio B Structure Map State Wright N State Wright 3643-1D 3643-1D Lakeside 1-H Lakeside 1-H 1-12 JT Federal Basin Axis 1-12 JT Federal 6 mi Facies 1. Lightly bioturbated marly chalk 2. Laminated pellet-rich 60 ft. marl 3. Bioturbated pellet-rich 43 ft. 426ft. marly chalk 4. Bioturbated pellet-rich marl 5. Interbedded to laminated to heavily bioturbated pellet-rich marl 6. Dark grey marl 7. Lightly bioturbated marly shale 8. Bioturbated marly shale Stewart, 2019 9. Lightly bioturbated shale 27 8032-52, Dark gray bioturbated to laminated marly shale 8076-94 Gray bioturbated, marly chalk 8052-76 Gray burrowed to laminated to massive marl, occasional oyster and inoceramid fragments Niobrara Formation, Taylor, 2012 E = marly shale D2 = marl D1 = marly chalk 29 XRD Abraxas Lakeside 1-H Niobrara Formation, Taylor, 2012 XRD Analysis Niobrara Stratigraphy Facies Most organic-rich interval Highest reservoir quality intervals 30 Classification of Mudrocks & Landing Zones XRF Analysis Detrital indicators Biogenic indicators Si, Al, Ti, K, Mn Ca, Sr, (Si) Pierre Shale Niobrara A bench Niobrara B bench Marl Chalk Marl Niobrara C bench Sage Breaks Shale 32 XRF Analysis Pseudo GR Pierre Shale Niobrara A bench (marl) Marl Niobrara B bench Chalk Marl Niobrara C bench (marl) Sage Breaks Shale 33 XRF Analysis Organic Productivity Anoxic Suite (Redox) Cr, Zn, Mo, V, Cu, Ni, U Mo, U, V Fe, S (pyrite) Pierre Shale Niobrara A bench Niobrara B Marl bench Chalk Marl Niobrara C bench Sage Breaks Shale 35 Abraxas Lakeside 1-H TOC by Facies (Taylor, 2012) 36 Niobrara Formation, Taylor, 2012 Niobrara Tmax Maturity Map • Cuttings from Niobrara Formation • Least mature on western & eastern margins of basin • Most mature in southern PRB • Near basin axis • Tmax: ° - ° • Majority of production in Converse and Niobrara Producers & Campbell counties Tmax Niobrara Formation (From USGS data base & Emre Kondaki, 2019) Structure Top Niobrara Highlighted contour = 8000 ft 38 Modified from Meissner, 2004 Parks and Gale, 1996 Regional Fractures Southern Powder River Basin Predicted open fracture orientation based on fast shear-wave direction rotated from seismic line Shmax from borehole breakout Predicted orientations Laubach, 1992 39 Boreholes oriented NNW- SSE Lineament orientations Adapted from Parks and Gale, 1996 Fracture strike from FMS Significant Niobrara Wells • EOG 3Q 2019 Highlight-Well: Niobrara Arbalest 473 -Record Well -IP30 1,250 Bopd, 250 Bpd NGLs, 4 MMcfdGas • Chesapeake Lebar 25-34-70 USA A NB 23H • Highest 80-day Niobrara cumulative oil production in basin’s history • IP of ~1,600 bo/d with strong deliverability • Peak Powder River Resources Briddle Bit Fed 2-11- 14NH • Niobrara C well • 1625 BOPD; 2588 MCFGD Estimate of generated volumes Niobrara Formation: > 60 billion barrels Dashed dark blue outline is the Niobrara kitchen. Summary • Large resource potential • Active targets: B and C Niobrara benches (most activity B bench) • Basal B bench chalky; upper B bench terrigenous dilution • Deposition in oxic and dysoxic conditions (Type II &III K) • Good TOC in B bench • Deep C scour into Sage Breaks (submarine) • C thick area = good development target area 42 • Recent wells targeting C bench • Overpressures • Regional fractures oriented N65o-70oE MUDTOC Consortium Sponsors - 2019 Sponsoring Member Companies 2019 New Member Companies 2019 Supporting Companies Mike Johnson & Associates .
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