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Ascidian Cannibalism Correlates with Larval Behavior and Adult Distribution
FAU Institutional Repository http://purl.fcla.edu/fau/fauir This paper was submitted by the faculty of FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. Notice: ©1988 Elsevier Ltd. The final published version of this manuscript is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00220981 and may be cited as: Young, C. M. (1988). Ascidian cannibalism correlates with larval behavior and adult distribution. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 117(1), 9-26. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(88)90068-8 J. Exp. Mar. Bioi. £Col., 1988, Vol. 117, pp. 9-26 9 Elsevier JEM 01042 Ascidian cannibalism correlates with larval behavior and adult distribution Craig M. Young Department ofLarval Ecology. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Fort Pierce, Florida. U.S.A. (Received 24 March 1987; revision received 9 December 1987; accepted 22 December 1987) Abstract: In the San Juan Islands, Washington, solitary ascidians .that occur in dense monospecific aggregations demonstrate gregarious settlement as larvae, whereas species that occur as isolated individuals do not. All gregarious species reject their own eggs and larvae as food, but nongregarious species consume conspecific eggs and larvae. Moreover, the rejection mechanism is species-specific in some cases. Correla tion analysis suggests that species specificity of the rejection response has a basis in siphon diameter, egg density, and larval size, but not in number of oral tentacles, or tentacle branching. One strongly cannibalistic species, Corella inflata Huntsman, avoids consuming its own eggs and newly released tadpoles by a unique brooding mechanism that involves floating eggs, negative geotaxis after hatching, and adult orientation. Key words: Ascidian; Cannibalism; Distribution; Larva; Settlement behavior INTRODUCTION Many sessile marine invertebrates, including filter-feeders such as mussels, oysters, barnacles and ascidians, occur in discrete, dense aggregations. -
The Ascidian Styela Plicata As a Potential Bioremediator of Bacterial and Algal Contamination of Marine Estuarine Waters
THE ASCIDIAN STYELA PLICATA AS A POTENTIAL BIOREMEDIATOR OF BACTERIAL AND ALGAL CONTAMINATION OF MARINE ESTUARINE WATERS by Lisa Denham Draughon A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Charles E. Schmidt College of Science In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida May, 2010 Copyright by Lisa Denham Draughon 2010 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincerest gratitude to those who made this research possible; Ocean Restoration Corporation Associates (ORCA), the Link Foundation, and Florida Atlantic University (FAU) for their financial fellowships, and for the many hands that played a part in getting it all done. A special thank you goes to my committee members; Dr. James X. Hartmann (chairperson) and Dr. David Binninger of FAU, Dr. Ed Proffitt and Dr. John Scarpa of Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at FAU, and Dr. Ray Waldner of Palm Beach Atlantic University. You were all such an integral part of helping me achieve this goal. Special thanks also go to my friend Karen Halloway- Adkins who was always willing to help locate specimens and provide equipment when she had it. Mike Calinski of ORCA made trips from the Gulf Coast to deliver specimens to me. Sherry Reed of the Smithsonian Marine Station in Ft. Pierce was extremely helpful by keeping an eye out for the tunicates and at times gathering them for me. Dr. Patricia Keating was invaluable for her help in flow-cytometry analysis. Dr. Peter McCarthy of Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at FAU provided the bacteria for the filtration rate experiment. -
Field and Laboratory Studies on Four Species of Sea Squirts and Their
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: B Chemistry Volume 16 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2016 Type : Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896 Field and Laboratory Studies on Four Species of Sea Squirts and their Larvae By Gaber Ahmed Saad & Abdullah Bedeer Hussein Dammam University, Saudi Arabia Abstract- The aim of this study was to characterize adult distribution with respect to light and analyze ovary contents in the four seasons of the year. The swimming behavior of Ciona intestinalis, Molgula manhattensis, Ascidella aspersa and Phallusia mammilata larvae against certain abiotic factors were commented. For the field data on adult distributions, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to test for differences in adult orientation, with surface orientation as a fixed factor. Two adult species (Ciona intestinalis and Molgula manhattensis) showed no orientation with respect to light while in the other two species (Ascidella aspersa and Phallusia mammilata) light exerted a significant effects on the orientation and density of individuals. To evaluate among the different species the level of gregariousness found in the field, the number of individuals per clump for each species has been compared using one-way ANOVA, with species as a fixed factor. Artificial heterologous inseminations were carried out. Keywords: field data - gregariousness - heterologous inseminations -adult orientation - larval settlement – phototaxis - geotaxis. GJSFR-B Classification : FOR Code: 069999 FieldandLaboratoryStudiesonFourSpeciesofSeaSquirtsandtheirLarvae Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of : © 2016. Gaber Ahmed Saad & Abdullah Bedeer Hussein. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber ......................................................................... -
Histone H1 and the Origin of Protamines
Histone H1 and the origin of protamines John D. Lewis*†,Nu´ ria Saperas†‡, Yue Song*, Maria Jose Zamora§, Manel Chiva§, and Juan Ausio´ *¶ *Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, Petch Building, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6; ‡Departament d’Enginyeria Quı´mica,Escola Te`cnica Superior d’Enginyers Industrials de Barcelona, Universitat Polite`cnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; and §Departament de Cie`ncies Fisiolo`giques II, Facultat de Medicina, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08907 Barcelona, Spain Communicated by K. E. van Holde, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, December 30, 2003 (received for review August 11, 2003) We present evidence that chordate protamines have evolved from point mutations, driven by the selective advantage conferred by histone H1. During the final stages of spermatogenesis, the com- the increased efficiency of highly basic molecules to screen the paction of DNA in many organisms is accomplished by the replace- charge of DNA and thus achieve a more compact chromatin ment of histones with a class of arginine-rich proteins called structure. The relatively quick specialization of histone H1 for protamines. In other organisms, however, condensation of sperm sperm chromatin compaction is not unexpected, because sperm DNA can occur with comparable efficiency in the presence of nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs), like many of the reproductive somatic-type histones or, alternatively, an intermediate class of proteins, are among the most rapidly evolving proteins in the proteins called protamine-like proteins. The idea that the highly animal kingdom (14, 15). specialized sperm chromosomal proteins (protamines) and somatic It has been suggested that protamines did not arise from an chromosomal proteins (histones) could be related dates back al- ancient eukaryotic protein but instead have a retroviral origin most to the discovery of these proteins. -
1 Phylogeny of the Families Pyuridae and Styelidae (Stolidobranchiata
* Manuscript 1 Phylogeny of the families Pyuridae and Styelidae (Stolidobranchiata, Ascidiacea) 2 inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences 3 4 Pérez-Portela Ra, b, Bishop JDDb, Davis ARc, Turon Xd 5 6 a Eco-Ethology Research Unit, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA), Rua 7 Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal 8 9 b Marine Biological Association of United Kingdom, The Laboratory Citadel Hill, PL1 10 2PB, Plymouth, UK, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth PL4 11 8AA, Plymouth, UK 12 13 c School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522 14 Australia 15 16 d Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC), Accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, Blanes, 17 Girona, E-17300, Spain 18 19 Email addresses: 20 Bishop JDD: [email protected] 21 Davis AR: [email protected] 22 Turon X: [email protected] 23 24 Corresponding author: 25 Rocío Pérez-Portela 26 Eco-Ethology Research Unit, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA), Rua 27 Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal 28 Phone: + 351 21 8811226 29 Fax: + 351 21 8860954 30 [email protected] 31 1 32 Abstract 33 34 The Order Stolidobranchiata comprises the families Pyuridae, Styelidae and Molgulidae. 35 Early molecular data was consistent with monophyly of the Stolidobranchiata and also 36 the Molgulidae. Internal phylogeny and relationships between Styelidae and Pyuridae 37 were inconclusive however. In order to clarify these points we used mitochondrial and 38 nuclear sequences from 31 species of Styelidae and 25 of Pyuridae. Phylogenetic trees 39 recovered the Pyuridae as a monophyletic clade, and their genera appeared as 40 monophyletic with the exception of Pyura. -
Can Man Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2746 Ciona
Biological Synopsis of the Solitary Tunicate Ciona intestinalis C.E. Carver, A.L. Mallet and B. Vercaemer Science Branch Maritimes Region Ecosystem Research Division Fisheries and Oceans Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography PO Box 1006 Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2 2006 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2746 i Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 2746 2006 BIOLOGICAL SYNOPSIS OF THE SOLITARY TUNICATE CIONA INTESTINALIS by C.E. Carver, A.L. Mallet and B. Vercaemer Science Branch Maritimes Region Ecosystem Research Division Fisheries and Oceans Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography PO Box 1006 Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2 ii Think Recycling! Pensez à recycler © Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada 1998 Cat. No. Fs. 97-6/2746E ISSN 0706-6457 Correct citation for this publication: Carver, C.E., A.L. Mallet and B. Vercaemer. 2006a. Biological Synopsis of the Solitary Tunicate Ciona intestinalis. Can. Man. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2746: v + 55 p. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... iv RÉSUMÉ ........................................................................................................................... v 1.0 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 1 1.1. NAME AND CLASSIFICATION................................................................................1 1.2. -
Northward Range Expansion of Three Non-Native Ascidians on the West Coast of North America
BioInvasions Records (2017) Volume 6, Issue 3: 203–209 Open Access DOI: https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2017.6.3.04 © 2017 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2017 REABIC Research Article Northward range expansion of three non-native ascidians on the west coast of North America Brianna M. Tracy1,*, Kristen J. Larson1, Gail V. Ashton2, Gretchen Lambert3, Andrew L. Chang2 and Gregory M. Ruiz1 1Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA 2Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Romberg Tiburon Center, 3152 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA 3University of Washington Friday Harbor Laboratories, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA Author e-mails: [email protected] (BMT), [email protected] (KJL), [email protected] (GVA), [email protected] (GL), [email protected] (ALC), [email protected] (GMR) *Corresponding author Received: 24 February 2017 / Accepted: 26 April 2017 / Published online: 10 May 2017 Handling editor: Thomas Therriault Abstract The solitary ascidians Microcosmus squamiger Michaelsen, 1927, Molgula ficus (MacDonald, 1859), and Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816) have been found beyond their previously known introduced range on the coast of California. The recent appearance in surveys confirms their presence within San Francisco Bay, indicating possible range expansions northward of more than 500 kilometers. All three species have spread across the natural biogeographic barrier of Point Conception, west of Santa Barbara, California. Species identities were confirmed using microscopy, and key distinguishing features were described. These records contribute to the increasing number of non-native species which are expanding their range northwards on the Pacific coast of North America, implicating both human vectors and ocean warming. -
Title CONTRIBUTIONS to JAPANESE ASCIDIAN FAUNA. XX
CONTRIBUTIONS TO JAPANESE ASCIDIAN FAUNA. XX. -THE OUTLINE OF JAPANESE ASCIDIAN FAUNA Title AS COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE PACIFIC COASTS OF NORTH AMERICA- Author(s) Tokioka, Takasi PUBLICATIONS OF THE SETO MARINE BIOLOGICAL Citation LABORATORY (1963), 11(1): 131-156 Issue Date 1963-07-20 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175319 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University CONTRIBUTIONS TO JAPANESE ASCIDIAN FAUNA. XX. THE OUTLINE OF JAPANESE ASCIDIAN FAUNA AS COMPARED WITH 1 2 THAT OF THE PACIFIC COASTS OF NORTH AMERICA. • ) T AKASI TOKIOKA Seto Marine Biological Laboratory L The outline of the ascidian fauna of the Japanese waters The review of the ascidian fauna of the Japanese waters was first made by HARTMEYER* who referred in his paper of 1906 to 43 species including a number of those that were newly established or recorded by himself form the Japanese waters. About thirty years later, the late Prof. Asajir6 0KA** made the second review (1935) on Japanese ascidian fauna as he closed his studies on ascidians for about forty years. He mentioned that there were 106 ascidian species known from the Japanese waters and that of these species endemic ones were the most abundant, though 8 arctic and 6 tropical species and 2 cosmopolitans were included. Further he divided the endemic species into two groups, the northern and southern groups; the former comprised the species occurring in the waters surrounding Hokkaido Island and the northern half of Honsyfi Island, while the latter consisted of ones living in the waters along the coasts of Kyfisyfi and Sikoku Islands and the southern half of Honsyfi Island. -
Information Management Plan
Southern California Bight 2008 Regional Monitoring Survey (Bight’08) Information Management Plan Prepared by: Bight’08 Information Management Committee Prepared for: Commission of Southern California Coastal Water Research Project 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 Version Date: July 30, 2008 Bight 08 Information Management Plan Disclaimer: While we strive to make the Information Management Plan as accurate as possible when we publish it, there may be times at which we may find it necessary to make some minor changes. Please check the data submission website at www.sccwrp.org\datasubmission\bight08 for the most current version of the Information Management Plan and most current values in a given lookup list. If a value seems appropriate for a field but is not listed, please contact the Information Management Officer to discuss its inclusion. 2 Bight 08 Information Management Plan INFORMATION MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT CHAIR: Shelly Moore Southern California Coastal Water Research Project INFORMATION MANAGEMENT CO-CHAIRS Shelly Walther Los Angeles County Sanitation District Lisa Haney Los Angeles County Sanitation District INFORMATION MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE MEMBERS: Bruce Bealer Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Cheryl Brantley Los Angeles County Sanitation District Curtis Cash City of LA, Environmental Monitoring Division Susan Chang City of LA, Environmental Monitoring Division Larry Cooper Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Andrea Crumpacker Weston Solutions Mike Mengel Orange County Sanitation District Hai Nguyen Orange County Sanitation District Diane O’Donohue City of San Diego, Metropolitan Wastewater Department Chi-Li Tang Los Angeles County Sanitation District Karin Wisenbaker Aquatic Bioassay Consultants ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The Information Management Committee wishes to thank those members of the Field Methods, Chemistry and Toxicity Committees that participated in collaborative process essential to the creation of the Bight’08 Information Management Plan. -
A Redescription of Syncarpa Composita (Ascidiacea, Stolidobranchia) with an Inference of Its Phylogenetic Position Within Styelidae
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 857: 1–15 (2019) Redescription of Syncarpa composita 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.857.32654 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A redescription of Syncarpa composita (Ascidiacea, Stolidobranchia) with an inference of its phylogenetic position within Styelidae Naohiro Hasegawa1, Hiroshi Kajihara2 1 Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan 2 Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan Corresponding author: Naohiro Hasegawa ([email protected]) Academic editor: Tito Lotufo | Received 25 December 2018 | Accepted 6 May 2019 | Published 24 June 2019 http://zoobank.org/2183A9EC-C4B7-4863-B03B-EB5346D7B95E Citation: Hasegawa N, Kajihara H (2019) A redescription of Syncarpa composita (Ascidiacea, Stolidobranchia) with an inference of its phylogenetic position within Styelidae. ZooKeys 857: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.857.32654 Abstract Two species of styelid colonial ascidians in the genus Syncarpa Redikorzev, 1913 are known from the northwest Pacific. The valid status of the lesser known species, Syncarpa composita (Tokioka, 1951) (type locality: Akkeshi, Japan), is assessed here. To assess the taxonomic identity of S. composita, we com- pared one of the syntypes and freshly collected topotypes of S. composita with a syntype of S. oviformis Redikorzev, 1913 (type locality: Ul’banskij Bay, Russia). Specimens of S. composita consistently differed from the syntype of S. oviformis in the number of oral tentacles, the number of size-classes of transverse vessels, and the number of anal lobes. -
Developmental Mode Influences Diversification in Ascidians
Downloaded from rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org on March 15, 2014 Developmental mode influences diversification in ascidians Max E. Maliska, Matthew W. Pennell and Billie J. Swalla Biol. Lett. 2013 9, 20130068, published 3 April 2013 Supplementary data "Data Supplement" http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/suppl/2013/03/28/rsbl.2013.0068.DC1.ht ml References This article cites 30 articles, 10 of which can be accessed free http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/9/3/20130068.full.html#ref-list-1 Subject collections Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections developmental biology (58 articles) evolution (736 articles) taxonomy and systematics (72 articles) Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the top Email alerting service right-hand corner of the article or click here To subscribe to Biol. Lett. go to: http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/subscriptions Downloaded from rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org on March 15, 2014 Evolutionary biology Developmental mode influences diversification in ascidians rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org Max E. Maliska1,2,3, Matthew W. Pennell3,4,5 and Billie J. Swalla1,2,3 1Department of Biology, University of Washington, 24 Kincaid Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 2Friday Harbor Laboratories, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA Research 3BEACON Center for Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, 1441 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Cite this article: Maliska ME, Pennell MW, 4Institute for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (IBEST), University of Idaho, 441B Life Science South, Swalla BJ. 2013 Developmental mode influ- Moscow, ID 83844, USA 5National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, 2024 W.