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Assessment and Analytical Framework for Sustainable Urban Planning And UPTEC STS 16001 Examensarbete 30 hp Februari 2016 Assessment and analytical framework for sustainable urban planning and development A comparative study of the city development projects in Knivsta, Norrtälje and Uppsala Wasan Hussein Abstract Assessment and analytical framework for sustainable urban planning and development Wasan Hussein Teknisk- naturvetenskaplig fakultet UTH-enheten This thesis examines how the three urban development projects: Nydal, Norrtälje Harbor and Rosendal address the energy use in future buildings and how their energy Besöksadress: strategies are articulated in relation to requirements specified in the SGBC’s Ångströmlaboratoriet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 certification system Citylab Action. The building Smaragden in Rosendal has been used Hus 4, Plan 0 as a model of a future building in the two other district areas in order to calculate the energy performance in each project, this by using the energy use simulation software Postadress: IDA ICE. Further on the energy mix for each district area has been analyzed in order Box 536 751 21 Uppsala to determine the renewability rate for them. The results shows that the energy performance of Rosendal was 60,8 kWh/m2/year and the heat mix was only 7,92 % Telefon: renewable. Nydal has an energy performance of 45,4 kWh/m2/year and their heat mix 018 – 471 30 03 was 76,80 % renewable. Norrtälje Harbor had the energy performance of 70,9 Telefax: kWh/m2/year and their heat mix had the renewability rate of 79,60 %. Comparing 018 – 471 30 00 these three projects, the Nydal project was the most sustainable when it came to the energy performance since it had the lowest rate. Norrtälje Harbor had the highest Hemsida: percentage of renewable energy sources for their heat mix since they use almost 100 http://www.teknat.uu.se/student percent biofuels. Considering the Citylab Action certification, both Norrtälje Harbor and Rosendal have chosen to certificate their urban development projects according to Citylab. The Nydal project has not yet chosen the Citylab Action certification but they are considering the idea of following its principles anyway and may in the future get certificated according to Citylab Action. Looking at the energy strategies of Uppsala-, Norrtälje- and Knivsta municipality, Uppsala had the most structured energy strategy. They have specified clear goals, measures and follow-up process. Knivsta- and Norrtälje municipality are going to develop their energy strategies in the near future. Handledare: David Lindgren Ämnesgranskare: Daniel Bergquist Examinator: Elísabet Andrésdóttir ISSN: 1650-8319, UPTEC STS 16001 Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning I samband med klimatförändringarna har byggsektorn blivit alltmer uppmärksammad. Idag står bygg- och fastighetsektorn för ca 40 procent av den totala energianvändningen i Sverige vilket gör den till en av de största sektorerna där förbättringar kan göras och åtgärder kan tas för att begränsa utsläppen av växthusgaser. Att bygga hållbart samt att utveckla hållbara stadsdelar hamnar därför i fokus för många aktörer inom näringslivet som kommuner, företag, entreprenörer likväl som politiker och nationer. Ett sätt att nå uppsatta miljömål och synliggöra det arbete som sker på projektnivå är att arbeta med olika typer av miljöcertifieringar för byggnader och stadsdelar. Citylab är ett nylanserat svenskt certifieringssystem för stadsdelar som kan användas tillsammans med andra certifierings system för byggnader och ger möjlighet för stadsutvecklingsprojekt som står inför komplexa utmaningar att bland annat uppmuntra uppförandet av byggnader utan negativ klimat- och miljöpåverkan i nya och befintliga områden. Citylab uppmuntrar också till att skapa en tät och sammankopplad stadbebyggelse som är mångfunktionell och där invånarna har tillgång till service, gröna ytor, kultur samt rekreation. Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka och jämföra hur projekten Nydal i Knivsta, Norrtälje Hamn i Norrtälje och Rosendal i Uppsala arbetar med energianvändning i deras stadsdelsprojekt samt hur deras energistrategier förhåller sig till kraven i Citylab. Mer specifikt utvärderades energianvändningen för byggnaden Smaragden i Rosendal, vilket användes som en indikator för att bedöma i vilken utsträckning dessa projekt arbetar hållbart. Eftersom Nydal och Norrtälje hamn inte har byggts ännu, användes samma byggnad i Rosensdal som utgångspunkt, men med projektspecifika ingångsvärden och specifikationer beroende på de energistrategier som används i varje enskild stadsdel. Slutsatsen var att Nydal var den mest hållbara stadsdelen när det handlade om energianvändning i byggnader då de valde att följa passivhuskraven och därmed fick den lägsta energianvändningen. Både energistrategierna samt energianvändningen i byggnader i de tre stadsdelar skiljde sig från varandra. Rosendal hade den mest strukturerade energistrategin då Uppsala kommun hade mål, åtgärder för att uppnå målen samt uppföljning av sina projekt. Norrtälje Hamn och Nydal sakande båda uppföljningsstrategier vilket gör att det blir svårare att verkligen mäta till vilken grad de satta målen kan komma att uppnås. Analys och beräkningar av energianvändningen för testbyggnaden Smaragden i de tre stadsdelarna visade att Nydal kan få, som tidigare nämnts, den lägsta energianvändningen då krav på passivhus samt lokal solenergiproduktion är tänkta att 2 ställas. Energianvändningen för Nydal var beräknad till 46,4 kWh/m Atemp/år. 2 Norrtälje hade den högsta energianvändningen som beräknades till 70,9 kWh/m Atemp/år, då endast krav i BBR 22 har ställts. Energianvändningen för Rosendal var 2 beräknad till 60,8 kWh/m Atemp/år. Förnybarhetsgraden för värmemixen visade däremot annorlunda resultat då Norrtälje hade den högsta andelen förnybar energi medan Rosendal hade den lägsta andelen. Generellt hade alla tre kommunerna både styrkor och svagheter avseende sin hållbarhetsstrategi och energiförsörjning. Gemensamt för alla var att de siktade på hållbara stadsdelar och åtgärder planeras för att uppnå detta. 1 Table of contents Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning ...................................................................................... 0 Table of contents ......................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Purpose and research question .................................................................................... 6 1.1.1 Limitations ............................................................................................................. 7 2. Background ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Citylab ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.1 Energy use principle .............................................................................................. 9 2.2 District areas ................................................................................................................ 10 2.2.1 Nydal, Knivsta ...................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Norrtälje Harbor ................................................................................................... 12 2.2.3 Rosendal, Uppsala .............................................................................................. 14 2.3 Energy modeling the building Smaragden .................................................................. 15 3. Methodology .................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Case study ................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Interview ...................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 IDA ICE ........................................................................................................................ 18 3.4 Polysun ........................................................................................................................ 19 3.5 PVgis ........................................................................................................................... 19 4. Urban development in a broader sustainability perspective..................................... 19 4.1 Sustainable development theory ................................................................................. 20 4.2 Planetary boundaries .................................................................................................. 22 4.3 Life cycle assessment ................................................................................................. 25 4.4 A systems view of buildings ........................................................................................ 26 4.4.1 Heat losses .......................................................................................................... 27 4.4.2 Ventilation ............................................................................................................ 28 4.4.3 National Board for Housing requirements 22 (BBR 22) ...................................... 28 4.4.4 FEBY12 ..............................................................................................................
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