History of Insulin Timeline

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History of Insulin Timeline 2021 marks the 100th anniversary of Banting, Best and Macleod’s discovery of insulin. Many scientists contributed to the scientific understanding that enabled this important medical advancement. To honor their collective achieve- ments, journey through the timeline leading to the discovery of insulin. Porcine insulin’s amino acid sequence and 3D structure Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans The insulin analog, aspart 1894 1969 2016 552 BC Sir Edward Albert Sharpey- September 1921 January 1922 Fall 1923 Dr. Dorothy Hodgkin’s 1982 Medtronic's MiniMed First known 1869 Schäfer suggests pancreatic 1913 Banting’s team sees The first successful Banting and Macleod team uses X-ray Eli Lilly sells the first 2000 670G System is the medical Paul Langerhans islets might drive the effects Sir Edward Albert Sharpey- first signs of success injection of the Banting receive the Nobel Prize in crystallography to commercially available The insulin analog first artificial pancreas description discovers pancreatic of the pancreas on blood Schäfer theorizes the from experiments on team’s purified pancreatic Physiology or Medicine determine the 3D biosynthetic human aspart is approved system approved by of diabetes islets of Langerhans sugar control existence of insuline diabetic dogs extract for discovering insulin structure of insulin insulin, Humulin by the US FDA the US FDA 2021 129–199 AD 1889 1904 May 1921 Late 1921 May 1922 1936 1978 1996 2004 2019 Aretaeus of Oskar Minkowski and William Bayliss and Fredrick Banting, James Bertram Collip Macleod introduces Novo Nordisk The first genetically The first short-acting The insulin FDA authorizes a Cappadocia coins Josef von Mehring Ernest Starling coin John Macleod, joins Banting’s team the term insulin to Pharmaceuticals, Inc. engineered, synthetic insulin analog, Lispro, analog glulisine second artificial the term diabetes discover that dogs with the term hormone and Charles Best to purify pancreatic the scientific and introduces the first “human” insulin is is approved by the is approved by pancreas system, a removed pancreas while working on begin experiments extracts medical communities slower-acting insulin produced in E.coli US FDA the US FDA The Control-Q, became fatally diabetic secretin by Tandem Diabetes Care Vials of insulin Aretaeus of Cappadocia, ancient Greek physician Chemical structure of insulin Copyright © 2021 by ALPCO. All rights reserved. This material or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of ALPCO..

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Bloomsbury Scientists Ii Iii
i Bloomsbury Scientists ii iii Bloomsbury Scientists Science and Art in the Wake of Darwin Michael Boulter iv First published in 2017 by UCL Press University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Available to download free: www.ucl.ac.uk/ ucl- press Text © Michael Boulter, 2017 Images courtesy of Michael Boulter, 2017 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Non-derivative 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for personal and non-commercial use providing author and publisher attribution is clearly stated. Attribution should include the following information: Michael Boulter, Bloomsbury Scientists. London, UCL Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787350045 Further details about Creative Commons licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 006- 9 (hbk) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 005- 2 (pbk) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 004- 5 (PDF) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 007- 6 (epub) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 008- 3 (mobi) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 009- 0 (html) DOI: https:// doi.org/ 10.14324/ 111.9781787350045 v In memory of W. G. Chaloner FRS, 1928– 2016, lecturer in palaeobotany at UCL, 1956– 72 vi vii Acknowledgements My old writing style was strongly controlled by the measured precision of my scientific discipline, evolutionary biology. It was a habit that I tried to break while working on this project, with its speculations and opinions, let alone dubious data. But my old practices of scientific rigour intentionally stopped personalities and feeling showing through.
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