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Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae) University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Entomology Entomology 2015 A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD AND SELECT OLD WORLD SPECIES OF CREMNOPS FÖRSTER (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE: AGATHIDINAE) Erika M. Tucker University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Tucker, Erika M., "A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD AND SELECT OLD WORLD SPECIES OF CREMNOPS FÖRSTER (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE: AGATHIDINAE)" (2015). Theses and Dissertations-- Entomology. 19. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/19 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Entomology by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Erika M. Tucker, Student Dr. Michael Sharkey, Major Professor Dr. Charles Fox, Director of Graduate Studies A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD AND SELECT OLD WORLD SPECIES OF CREMNOPS FÖRSTER (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE: AGATHIDINAE) DISSERTATION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Agriculture, Food and Environment at the University of Kentucky By Erika M. Tucker Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Sharkey, Professor of Entomology Lexington, Kentucky 2015 Copyright © Erika M. Tucker 2015 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD AND SELECT OLD WORLD SPECIES OF CREMNOPS FÖRSTER (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE: AGATHIDINAE) Parasitoid wasps are an important group of organisms in need of systematic revision. This dissertation examines the cosmopolitan parasitoid wasp genus Cremnops. It is a compilation of three projects and significantly advances the taxonomic foundation of the genus. The New World species of the genus Cremnops are revised. Thirty-three species of Cremnops are treated; five are described as new, i.e., C. bertae sp. nov., C. cluttsis sp. nov., C. nymphius sp. nov., C. wileycoyotius sp. nov. and C. witkopegasus sp. nov. Six species are synonymized, i.e., Cremnops caribensis Berta 1998, is synonymized under C. guanicanus Wolcott 1924; C. nigrosternum (Morrison 1917) is synonymized under C. haematodes (Brullé 1846); C. punctatus Berta 1998, is synonymized under C. marshi Berta 1998; C. sharkei Berta 1998, is synonymized under C. montrealensis (Morrison 1917); C. turrialbae Berta de Fernandez 1998, is synonymized under C. ferrugineus (Cameron 1887); and C. misionensis Berta 1987, is synonymized under C. slossonae (Morrison 1917). Cremnops florissanticola is transferred to its original combination Bracon florissanticola Cockerell 1919, st. rev. The species concept Cremnops desertor and its complicated taxonomic history are discussed. A phylogenetic distance tree, based on COI data, is used to help delimit species. The recognition of C. alterans Enderlein and C. malayensis Bhat is proposed. I propose new combinations for five African species that are currently placed in Cremnops, i.e., C. atripennis Szépligeti 1914 and C. elegantissima Szépligeti 1908 are moved to Disophrys; C. borealis (Szépligeti 1914) and C. rubrigaster Masi 1944 are moved to Biroia; and C. pulchripennis Szépligeti 1905 is moved to and renamed Biroia neopulchipennis. These changes result in Disophrys atripennis (Szépligeti 1915) becoming a junior homonym, which is changed to Disophrys szatripennis. Additionally, two species are proposed as nomen dubia: C. rufitarsis Szépligeti 1913 and C. schubotzi Szépligeti 1915. Included are a molecular phylogeny, a dichotomous key, links to distribution maps, an electronic interactive key, images of holotypes, and suggestions for further research. KEYWORDS: Cremnoptini, Phylogenetics, Taxonomy, Parasitoid Wasp, New Species Multimedia Elements used: JPEG (.jpeg) Erika M Tucker____________ Student’s Signature March 31, 2015____________ Date A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD AND SELECT OLD WORLD SPECIES OF CREMNOPS FÖRSTER (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE: AGATHIDINAE) By Erika M. Tucker Michael J. Sharkey Director of Dissertation Dr. Charles W. Fox Director of Graduate Studies (Date) Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FILES .......................................................................................................................................... X CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 2: A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD SPECIES OF CREMNOPS FÖRSTER .......... 3 2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 METHODS ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 2.2.1 Species concepts. ........................................................................................................................................ 5 2.2.2 Taxon sampling. ......................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.3 DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing. .............................................................................................. 5 2.2.4 Molecular data. ........................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.5 Phylogenetic analyses. ............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.6 Outgroup taxa. ............................................................................................................................................ 9 2.2.7 Single Locus analyses. .............................................................................................................................. 9 2.2.8 Multilocus analyses. ............................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.9 Data storage. ............................................................................................................................................ 10 2.2.10 Abbreviations used for specimen depositories. ....................................................................... 12 2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................ 13 2.3.1 Single Locus BI Analyses. ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.2 Multilocus Analyses. ............................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.3 Species delimitation. .............................................................................................................................. 18 2.3.4 Morphology. .............................................................................................................................................. 18 2.3.5. Dichotomous species key. ................................................................................................................... 21 2.3.6 Key to Cremnops of the New World ................................................................................................ 22 2.3.7 Species Treatments ................................................................................................................................ 55 2.3.8 Descriptions .............................................................................................................................................
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