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A Taxonomic Revision of Alabagrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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A Taxonomic Revision of Alabagrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) yq~33 A taxonomic revision of Alabagrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Michael J. Sharkey Biosystematics Research Centre , Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada KIA OC6 Contents Synopsis .................. ........................................... .. .................... .......... ..... 311 Introduction and historical review .............. ..................................... ............. .. 311 Material and methods .............................. ................................ .... ............... 312 Biology ................................................................................................... 313 Character analysis ...................................................................................... 314 Alabagrus Enderlein .... ...................................................... ............ .. .......... 341 Phylogeny ...... ........................................................ ............. .................. 341 Key to Alabagrus females ........................................... .......... ......... ........... 349 Acknowledgements ................................................................................... 416 References ............................................................. .. .. .. ....... ... .. ............. .... 416 Index ................ ...................................................................................... 437 Synopsis Alabagrus Enderl ein , a genus of New World, primarily Neotropical Agathidinae, is revised and redefined to include Asrriria Enderlein, Craspedoborhrus Enderlein and Liypria Enderlein which are newly synonymised . Of the 104 incl uded species, 78 a re newly described and 24 are new combinations. An illustrated key to species and a description and mapped distribution for each species are gi ven. Cladistic relationships are proposed at species level and the phylogenetic placement of Alabagrus in the Agathidinae is discussed. Introduction and historical review Species of Alabagrus are rather large agathidine braconids that are restricted to the warm temperate and tropical regions of the New World. They are internal parasitoids of larvae of Lepidoptera that live in concealed habitats such as plant stems and rolled leaves. At least seven species of Alabagrus are of direct importance in the natural control of lepidopterous pests. Historicall y, the most noteworthy of these is Alabagrus stigma (Brulle) which attacks the sugar cane and rice borer Diatraea saccharalis (F.). T he purpose of this revision is to delimit and describe the species of this large genus, to place them into a phylogenetic perspective and to provide a key to their identifica tion. Alabagrus was erected by Enderlein (1920) for several species of Neotropical agathidines of which the type-species Alabagrus citreistigma is a junior synonym of Alabagrus stigma (Brulle). My concept of Alabagrus is broader than Enderlein's and includes three other genera that he (1920) erected, viz. Astiria syn. n. , Craspedobothrus syn. n. and Liyptia syn. n. Justification for these synonyms is presented in the section on phylogeny. Before Enderlein's (1920) work on agathidine genera, and even after (see Muesebeck, 1927), authors described species of A /abagrus under Microdus and Bass us and in one case under Cremnops. Without explanation or justification, Muesebeck & Walkley (1951) synonomized Alabagrus under Agathis and Shenefelt (1970) adopted this system in his catalogue of world Agathidinae . Astiria and Craspedobothrus were accepted as discrete genera by Shenefelt (1970) though no one has added species to these genera since they were erected. Alabagrus species have been relatively well collected because of their large size and beautiful colour patterns, moreover they are easily collected with Malaise traps. This revision includes 104 species, of which 26 were previously described and 78 are new to science. Despite attempts to Issued 29 September 1988 Bull. Br. Mus . ,wt. Hist. (Ent.) 57 (2): 31 J"-437 312 MICHAEL J. SHARKEY amalgamate all avail able material, this number may represent onl y 80-90% of the total number of species. When this work was nearly completed I visited most of Europe's major entomological museums to examine types anc collectio ns of miscell aneous Agathidinae; I was encouraged to find very few species that were not included in my revision. This leads me to believe that most o r all of the widespread , common species of Alabagrus are included in this work. Material and methods Specimens examined Approximately 12.000 specimens of Alabagrus were examined; most were borrowed from the '.!2 institutions listed in the next section. Previo usly named species that are included in my concept o f A/abagrus were usually described in Bassus and Microdus by earlier a uthors. I lowever, their descriptions are generally so vague that it was difficult to be sure to what genus they belong. For this reason I examined almost all of the Neotropical Agathidinae types. Shenefelt's (1970) catalogue of the Agathidinae was an in valuable aid in this endeavor. All species distributions are mapped from data of specimens that I examined. Localities are plotted for all species but, to conserve space, I list exact locality data only for the newly described species. For previously described species I include a list of museums and institutions whe re specimens that I have determined a re deposited. The distributional data are listed alphabetically by country, province and finally, nearest city. Details not included on the specimen label are placed in square brackets. The etymo logy of the new species names is not provided ; most of the names are derived from native languages of Central and South America a lthough there are a lso some patronyms. Abbreviations of depositories T he abbreviations used here are taken from Heppner & Lamas (1982). Argentina: !ML; Fundacion e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucuman. Austria: N HMV; Naturhisto ri sches Museum, Vienna. Canada: CNC; Canadian National Collectio n, Biosystematics R esearch Centre, Agricult ure Canada , Ottawa, Ontario. East Germany: ZMHB: Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt Universitat, Berlin. England: BMNH ; British Museum (Natural History), Lo ndon. ungary: TMB; Termeszettudo manyi Muzeum, Budapest. ) fv\ /7 the rlands: RNHL; Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden. Trinidad: C IBC; Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Curepe. United States of America: /}1111 AEI ; American Entomological Institute; Townes' Collection , Gainesvi lle, Florida. ~a AMNH ; American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York. ANSP; Academy of Natural Scie nces, Phi ladelphia, Pennsylvania . ~'V' I 1 CU; Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. FSCA; Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Flo rida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, Florida. MSUE; Michigan State Unive rsity Collectio n, East Lansing, Michigan. SMEK; Snow Museum of Entomology. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. SC; Collection of Dr R . Shenefelt (now amalgamated with AEI. Gainesville, Florida). TAMU; Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. USNM ; United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institutio n, Washington, D.C. UCB; E ssig Museum of Entomology, University of Cali fornia, Berke ley, California. UGA; Unive rsity of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. Venezuela: UCV; Institute de Zoologia Agricola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay. West Germa ny: LFAZ; Lehrstuhl fur Angewandte Zoologie, Maximil ians U ni versitat, Munich. ZSBS; Zoologischc Sammlungen des Bayerischen Staatcs, Munich. Collection and preservation Members of A labagrus are best collected with Malaise traps. My own experience in Ecuado r and Guatemala indicates that they are usually too wary a nd quick to be swept with great success, although this me thod is good for smaller species. If specimens are collected into alcohol , which is usual for Malaise traps, care must be taken when the) TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ALABAGRUS 313 are prepared for mounting. If they are air-dried directly from alcohol, setae often adhere to the cuticle, obscuring many morphological structures. Air-drying also causes the soft tissues of the abdominal sternum to collapse and interesting characters are thereby lost. Critical-point drying avoids these problems and usually produces high-quality specimens, but this method is expensive and rather time consuming for large specimens. A simple method that achieves better or equal results is to immerse the specimens in 95% ETOH and 100% ETOH each for 24 hours, then in chloroform for two hours, after which!me they are air-dried. This procedure stops the shrinking of soft membranes and all pilosity stands erect, a ay from the body. If sets of small cages or perforated polyester bags are used, the method is very ra id and great quantities of braconids may be processed in one run. Others ( e.g. Vockeroth 1966) have used xylene or amyl acetate instead of chloroform butt e results are not as good. I I Terminology 1 The terminology used for wing veins is illustrated and explained in Riegel (1948). All ot~er terms are defined and illustrated in Richards (1977). A few that are not used by all hymenopterists are defined below. Epicnemium. Semicircular sclerite of the mesepisternum posterior to the fore coxa. I Mesosoma. The thorax plus propodeum. I Metasoma. Abdomen minus the first segment (propodeum). Measured characters Several morphometric characters are used in this study. Methods to measure these are described below. Body length. This measurement does
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