Tesis Mario Orlando Estrada Virgen
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To Us Insectometers, It Is Clear That Insect Decline in Our Costa Rican
SPECIAL FEATURE: PERSPECTIVE To us insectometers, it is clear that insect decline in our Costa Rican tropics is real, so let’sbekindto SPECIAL FEATURE: PERSPECTIVE the survivors Daniel H. Janzena,1 and Winnie Hallwachsa Edited by David L. Wagner, University of Connecticut, and accepted by Editorial Board Member May R. Berenbaum November 11, 2020 (received for review April 6, 2020) We have been field observers of tropical insects on four continents and, since 1978, intense observers of caterpillars, their parasites, and their associates in the 1,260 km2 of dry, cloud, and rain forests of Area´ de Conservaci ´onGuanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. ACG’s natural ecosystem restoration began with its national park designation in 1971. As human biomonitors, or “insectometers,” we see that ACG’s insect species richness and density have gradually declined since the late 1970s, and more intensely since about 2005. The overarching perturbation is climate change. It has caused increasing ambient tempera- tures for all ecosystems; more erratic seasonal cues; reduced, erratic, and asynchronous rainfall; heated air masses sliding up the volcanoes and burning off the cloud forest; and dwindling biodiversity in all ACG terrestrial ecosystems. What then is the next step as climate change descends on ACG’s many small-scale successes in sustainable biodevelopment? Be kind to the survivors by stimulating and facilitating their owner societies to value them as legitimate members of a green sustainable nation. Encourage national bioliteracy, BioAlfa. climate change | BioAlfa | conservation by rewilding | biodevelopment | insect decline As “insectometers,” also known as human biomoni- eventually focused into Area´ de Conservaci ´onGuana- tors, we have watched the conspicuous ongoing de- caste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica (8–13) (Fig. -
Vegetación De La Zona Árida De Tamaulipas
RECURSOS NATURALES Coordinadores: Enrique Ruíz-Cancino Juana María Coronado-Blanco Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México M.E.S. JOSÉ MARÍA LEAL GUTIÉRREZ Rector M.C. FROYLÁN ANDRÉS LUCERO MAGAÑA Director de la Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias 2012 Derechos Reservados Conforme a la Ley Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Recursos Naturales Ruíz-Cancino E. y J. M. Coronado-Blanco (Coordinadores) División de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas 87149 Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México [email protected]; [email protected] Fotografía de la portada: Bombus sp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) en Salvia sp. (fam. Lamiaceae), Miquihuana, Tamaulipas por Juana María Coronado Blanco Primera edición: 2012 ISBN: 978-607-7654-48-3 Impreso y hecho en México Una edición del Departamento de Fomento Editorial de la UAT C O N T E N I D O Página LA VEGETACIÓN DEL ALTIPLANO DE TAMAULIPAS, MÉXICO 1 VEGETATION OF THE HIGHLANDS IN TAMAULIPAS, MEXICO Jacinto Treviño-Carreón, Joel Gutiérrez-Lozano, Virginia Vargas-Tristán, Manuel de Jesús Aguirre-Bortoni y Jorge Fernández-Villarreal CONTRIBUCIÓN AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LAS ORQUÍDEAS DE TAMAULIPAS, MÉXICO 12 CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ORCHIDS OF TAMAULIPAS, MEXICO Tania Hernández-López, Jacinto Treviño-Carreón, María Concepción Herrera- Monsiváis y Jesús García-Jiménez ¿SON LAS PLANTAS EPÍFITAS PARÁSITOS DE LOS ÁRBOLES? EVIDENCIA DE MECANISMOS DE DAÑO DIRECTO E INDIRECTO 26 ARE EPIPHYTIC -
Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae, Agathidini) 99 Doi: 10.3897/JHR.33.4373 Research Article
JHR 33: 99–112Revision (2013) of Agathacrista new genus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae, Agathidini) 99 doi: 10.3897/JHR.33.4373 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoft.net/journals/jhr Revision of Agathacrista new genus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae, Agathidini) Michael J. Sharkey1,†, Stephanie A.C. Stoelb2,‡ 1 Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA 2 Bluegrass Community & Technical College, Lexington, KY 40546s † http://zoobank.org/77B8EC3A-442C-4A7A-AF85-A31C27E257F2 ‡ http://zoobank.org/9C4BCEB9-A6C7-4E7B-B9ED-334F7C8CE709 Corresponding author: Michael J. Sharkey ([email protected]) Academic editor: G. Broad | Received 21 November 2012 | Accepted 14 March 2012 | Published 1 August 2013 http://zoobank.org/2B514381-7262-4609-8441-EEDE2AF235E9 Citation: Sharkey MJ, Stoelb SAC (2013) Revision of Agathacrista new genus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae, Agathidini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 33: 99–112. doi: 10.3897/JHR.33.4373 Abstract Based on a cladistic analysis, a new genus of Agathidini, Agathacrista Sharkey, is proposed and its phylo- genetic position hypothesized. Two previously described (Agathacrista cancellata, Agathacrista depressifera) and three new species (Agathacrista sailomi, Agathacrista winloni, Agathacrista krataeii) are included. The distribution of Agathacrista is limited to the Oriental region and southern portion of the eastern Palearctic. Keywords Insecta, identification key, taxonomy, systematics Introduction Agathacrista, as proposed here, includes two previously described species, both of which were included in the paraphyletic concepts of Bassus s.l. and Therophilus s.l. This paper is part of a series that investigates these non-monophyletic taxa, while describing taxa from Thailand, Costa Rica, or more inclusive areas of the world. -
Revision of the Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with Comparisons of Static and Dynamic Alignments
Cladistics Cladistics 22 (2006) 546–567 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00121.x Revision of the Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with comparisons of static and dynamic alignments Michael J. Sharkey1,*, Nina M. Laurenne2,3, Barbara Sharanowski1, Donald L. J. Quicke4,5 and Debra Murray6 1S-225, Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Agric. Sci. Bldg-N., Lexington, KY, 40546, USA; 2Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum ⁄ Entomology Division, PO Box 17 (P. Rautatiekatu 13), FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; 3Department of Biological and Enviromental Sciences, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; 4Division of Biology, and Center for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK; 5Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; 6150_S Dirac Science Library, School of Computational Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA Accepted 30 May 2006 Abstract The phylogeny of the Agathidinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is investigated based on morphological and sequence data from the D2–3 regions of 28S rDNA. Morphology and molecular data were run simultaneously and separately and the molecular and combined data sets were analyzed using both static, Clustal W, and dynamic, POY, alignments. Both alignments were conducted under a variety of gap costs and results are compared. Sixty-two ingroup exemplars representing 22 genera and six outgroup taxa representing two subfamilies and five genera were included. Numerous taxa at the generic and tribal levels were tested for monophyly and the evolutionary history of several characters is discussed. The tribe Agathidini s.s. is found to be a derived member of the Microdini and the two are synonymized under the older name, Agathidini s.l. -
A Taxonomic Revision of Alabagrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
yq~33 A taxonomic revision of Alabagrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Michael J. Sharkey Biosystematics Research Centre , Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada KIA OC6 Contents Synopsis .................. ........................................... .. .................... .......... ..... 311 Introduction and historical review .............. ..................................... ............. .. 311 Material and methods .............................. ................................ .... ............... 312 Biology ................................................................................................... 313 Character analysis ...................................................................................... 314 Alabagrus Enderlein .... ...................................................... ............ .. .......... 341 Phylogeny ...... ........................................................ ............. .................. 341 Key to Alabagrus females ........................................... .......... ......... ........... 349 Acknowledgements ................................................................................... 416 References ............................................................. .. .. .. ....... ... .. ............. .... 416 Index ................ ...................................................................................... 437 Synopsis Alabagrus Enderl ein , a genus of New World, primarily Neotropical Agathidinae, is revised and redefined to include Asrriria Enderlein, Craspedoborhrus Enderlein -
Widespread Occurrence of Black-Orange-Black Color Pattern in Hymenoptera
Journal of Insect Science, (2019) 19(2): 13; 1–12 doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iez021 Research Widespread Occurrence of Black-Orange-Black Color Pattern in Hymenoptera R. Mora1,2,3 and P. E. Hanson2 1Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Ciudad de la Investigación Postal 11501-2060, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, SJ, Costa Rica, 2Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología, Apartado Postal 11501-2060, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, SJ, Costa Rica, and 3Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Phyllis Weintraub Received 19 October 2018; Editorial decision 3 February 2019 Abstract Certain color patterns in insects show convergent evolution reflecting potentially important biological functions, for example, aposematism and mimicry. This phenomenon has been most frequently documented in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, but has been less well investigated in Hymenoptera. It has long been recognized that many hymenopterans, especially scelionids (Platygastridae), show a recurring pattern of black head, orange/red mesosoma, and black metasoma (BOB coloration). However, the taxonomic distribution of this striking color pattern has never been documented across the entire order. The main objective of our research was to provide a preliminary tabulation of this color pattern in Hymenoptera, through examination of museum specimens and relevant literature. We included 11 variations of the typical BOB color pattern but did not include all possible variations. These color patterns were found in species belonging to 23 families of Hymenoptera, and was most frequently observed in scelionids, evaniids, and mutillids, but was relatively infrequent in Cynipoids, Diaprioids, Chalcidoids, and Apoids. -
Ambiente PROTECCIÓN AMBIENTAL VS
Ambiente PROTECCIÓN AMBIENTAL VS. PRODUCCIÓN AGROINDUSTRIAL M.Sc. Alexander Bonilla Durán [email protected] www.alexanderbonilla.com tel. 2811021-3802726 Costa Rica. La conservación ambiental siempre plantea un di- de tomando en cuenta la capacidad de carga de los eco- lema: qué debe estar primero ¿?. La protección de los sistemas productivos. O sea, es buscar un desarrollo que animales, los bosques, el agua o la producción agroin- satisfaga las necesidades del presente sin comprometer dustrial y la generación de fuentes de empleo, las divisas la capacidad de las generaciones futuras para satisfacer para el país? sus propias necesidades. Es utilizar los recursos natura- Ante de contestar esta interrogante, creo que es im- les a un ritmo acorde con su capacidad de renovación. portante analizar el concepto de Desarrollo Sostenible Es vivir de los “ingresos” de la naturaleza sin dilapidar su o sustentable, que hoy se vincula con la productividad capital. Es “lograr una distribución más equitativa de los y la economía. beneficios del progreso económico, y que se proteja el Según los expertos para definir Desarrollo soste- ambiente nacional y mundial, en beneficio de las futuras nible o Sustentable (DS) hay que tomar en cuenta dos generaciones , y que se mejore genuinamente la calidad aspectos: de vida”. Particularmente considero que si queremos obte- 1. Las necesidades esenciales de los más necesita- ner un verdadero DS, tenemos que revisar las políticas dos: los pobres, los indigentes, los miserables del que se tienen tomando en cuenta su impacto en la eco- mundo. logía y en el desarrollo económico. Esto nos lleva a un 2. -
Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) De La Región Neotropical Biota Colombiana, Vol
Biota Colombiana ISSN: 0124-5376 [email protected] Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Colombia Campos M., Diego F. Lista de los Géneros de Avispas Parasitoides Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) de la Región Neotropical Biota Colombiana, vol. 2, núm. 3, diciembre, 2001, pp. 193- 232 Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Bogotá, Colombia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49120301 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto CamposBiota Colombiana 2 (3) 193 - 232, 2001 Neotropical Braconidae Wasps -193 Lista de los Géneros de Avispas Parasitoides Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) de la Región Neotropical Diego F. Campos M. Instituto Humboldt, AA 8693, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. [email protected] Palabras Clave: Hymenoptera, Parasitoides, Ichneumonoidea, Braconidae, Neotrópico, Lista de Géneros El orden Hymenoptera surgió al inicio del Triásico, La importancia del estudio de los bracónidos se ve exaltada hace más de 200 millones de años, y se ha diversificado de por el efecto regulador que estos tienen sobre las poblacio- muchas formas entre las que se destacan sus estrategias de nes de sus hospederos. “La extinción de especies de alimentación, que van desde la fitofagia y la predación has- parasitoides puede conllevar a la explosión de poblaciones ta el parasitismo y la formación de agallas en tejidos vege- de insectos herbívoros, desencadenando resultados catas- tales. -
Molecular Phylogeny of the Insect Order Hymenoptera
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 91, pp. 9911-9915, October 1994 Evolution Molecular phylogeny of the insect order Hymenoptera: Apocritan relationships (Symphyta/molecular systematlcs/mItochondral DNA/16S ribosomal RNA) MARK DOWTON AND ANDREW D. AUSTIN Department of Crop Protection, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, S.A. 5064, Australia Communicated by Charles D. Michener, June 7, 1994 (receivedfor review March 5, 1994) ABSTRACT Phylogenetic relationships among the major monomorpha (the Ichneumonidae and Braconidae; refs. groups of hymenopteran insects were investigated by using 8-12), most remaining apocritan relationships are conten- comparative sequence information from the mitochondrial 16S tious (6) (Fig. 1 Right). More generally, any phylogeny ofthe rRNA gene. The placement of the ectoparasitic Stephanldae as apocritan wasps that is based on morphology suffers from the sister group to the remaining Apocrita confirmed ectopar- problems associated with reductional synapomorphies be- asitism as the ground plan biology for the Apocrita. Endopar- cause of the extremely small size of many members of the asitism evolved at least eight times within the Apocrita, and the Proctotrupomorpha and Ceraphronoidea (=1 mm; refs. 8 and consequent associaton with polydnaviruses and virus-like par- 11). ticles evolved at least three times. The Evaniomorpha were Molecular systematic studies have thus far been unable to consistently placed as basal to the remaining Apocrita but were provide a robust systematic framework for the Hymenoptera. not resolved as monophyletic. The Gasteruptildae were re- One study (13, 14) using the 16S rRNA gene reemphasized solved as the sister group to the Evanlidae, but the relationship the sister-group relationship between the Ichneumonidae and between the Trigonalyoidea and the Evanioidea was unclear. -
Response to Zamani Et Al. (2020): the Omission of Critical Data in the Pursuit of “Revolutionary” Methods to Accelerate the Description of Species
ZooKeys 1033: 191–201 (2021) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1033.66186 COMMENTARY https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Response to Zamani et al. (2020): The omission of critical data in the pursuit of “revolutionary” methods to accelerate the description of species Michael Sharkey1, Brian Brown2, Austin Baker3, Marko Mutanen4 1 The Hymenoptera Institute, 116 Franklin Ave., Redlands, CA 92373, USA 2 Entomology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA 3 Depart- ment of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA 4 Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland Corresponding author: Michael Sharkey ([email protected]) Academic editor: Lyubomir Penev | Received 20 March 2021 | Accepted 4 April 2021 | Published 22 April 2021 http://zoobank.org/43A3D123-DA81-4694-B483-6D369EF8AA90 Citation: Sharkey M, Brown B, Baker A, Mutanen M (2021) Response to Zamani et al. (2020): The omission of critical data in the pursuit of “revolutionary” methods to accelerate the description of species. ZooKeys 1033: 191–201. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1033.66186 Abstract Here we respond to the criticisms leveled against a proposal that suggested an efficient solution to the taxonomic impediment. We clarify some of our objectives and demonstrate that many of the criticisms apply more to traditional approaches to taxonomy rather than to our minimalist approach. Introduction Zamani et al. (2020) criticized a solution to the taxonomic impediment proposed in Meierotto et al. (2019), who employed COI barcodes plus a single photograph as diag- nostics. The authors of this rebuttal are in full agreement that a diagnostic method sim- ilar to the Meierotto et al. -
The Risk of Classical Biological Control in Florida
Biological Control 41 (2007) 151–174 www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon The risk of classical biological control in Florida J.H. Frank a,¤, E.D. McCoy b a Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0630, USA b Biology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33630-5150, USA Received 22 January 2006; accepted 16 January 2007 Available online 23 January 2007 Abstract Classical biological control in Florida dates from 1899, when Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) was introduced and controlled an infesta- tion of the adventive ( D nonindigenous) species Icerya purchasi Maskell. We list 60 invertebrates (59 insects and one nematode) imported into and established in Florida up until and including 2003. No vertebrates have been imported and established for classical biological control. All targets of successful introductions except one were adventive pest insects and weeds. The exceptional target was a widespread aphid, whose introduced biological control agent had no obvious eVect. Using many sources of information, we consider the eVects, both potential and realized, of established classical biological control agents, on non-target species in Florida. Our goal was to provide a sub- stantiated record and an example analysis. Florida, with high numbers of invasive species, is a microcosm of worldwide classical biologi- cal control. We recognized six levels of host range of agents and concluded that 24 agents potentially have native species in their host range. Our analysis suggests that fewer than 10 introduced agents are likely to have produced population changes in non-target organisms and, of these, fewer than four are likely to have produced substantial population changes. -
Alabagrus Stigma, Sugarcane Borer Red-Tailed Braconid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Ilgoo Kang, Joseph Mccarthy, Forest Huval and Chris Carlton
Alabagrus stigma, Sugarcane Borer Red-Tailed Braconid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Ilgoo Kang, Joseph McCarthy, Forest Huval and Chris Carlton Description Sugarcane borer red-tailed braconids are specific parasitoids of sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) The sugarcane borer red-tailed braconid is a caterpillars and larvae of similar, closely related borer parasitoid wasp of the family Braconidae. Parasitoids are a species. Sugarcane borers and related species are pests of category of parasites that rely on a host during a certain sugarcane and other grass crops that spend most of their life stage (egg, larva or adult). They differ from other lives feeding inside stalks. The braconid females deposit parasites in that they always kill their hosts. eggs into sugarcane borer caterpillars inside the stalks. The adult sugarcane borer red-tailed braconid is about three-eighths of an inch (9 mm) in length with a black head, reddish orange and black thorax, and an orange abdomen. Their transparent wings are tinged dark brown and possess a small yellow spot on the front edge of each forewing. Males and females are similar except for the long egg-laying organs (ovipositors) of the females, which are almost as long as their bodies. Larvae are internal parasitoids and are almost never seen unless the host is dissected. They are soft bodied, legless and grublike. Many members of this family bear similar color patterns, so this species is sometimes confused with other braconid wasps. The sugarcane borer red-tailed braconid can most easily be distinguished from similar Dorsal view of the Alabagrus stigma, adult female braconid wasps by comparing their body ratio; members (preserved specimen, Louisiana State Arthropod Museum) of this species have relatively long, slender bodies with long ovipositors, while other members of the family have shorter, wider bodies with short ovipositors.