NONVIOLENT CHANGE Journal of the Research/Action Team on Nonviolent Large Systems Change Vol
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Economic and Social Council
UNITED NATIONS E Economic and Social Distr. GENERAL Council E/CN.4/1999/64 29 January 1999 ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Fifty•fifth session Item 11 (c) of the provisional agenda CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING THE QUESTION OF: FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION Report of the Special Rapporteur on the protection and promotion of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, Mr. Abid Hussain CONTENTS Paragraphs Page Introduction ....................... 1 3 I. TERMS OF REFERENCE ................ 2 3 II. ACTIVITIES .................... 3 • 11 3 III. ISSUES ...................... 12 • 44 5 A. The right to seek and receive information ... 12 • 17 5 B. National security laws ............ 18 • 23 7 C. Criminal libel ................ 24 • 28 9 D. New information technologies ......... 29 • 36 10 E. Women and freedom of expression ........ 37 • 44 12 GE.99•10766 (E) E/CN.4/1999/64 page 2 CONTENTS (continued) Paragraphs Page IV. COUNTRY SITUATIONS ................ 45 • 123 14 Algeria ...................... 47 • 48 14 Argentina ..................... 49 • 51 15 Azerbaijan .................... 52 • 55 15 Chad ....................... 56 • 58 17 China ....................... 59 • 68 17 Democratic Republic of the Congo ......... 69 • 71 19 Egypt ....................... 72 • 74 19 Georgia ...................... 75 • 77 20 Hungary ...................... 78 20 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ............ 79 • 81 20 Japan ....................... 82 • 83 21 Malaysia ..................... 84 22 Mexico ...................... 85 • 87 22 Nigeria ...................... 88 • 89 22 Panama ...................... 90 • 97 23 Republic of Korea ................. 98 • 100 24 Saudi Arabia ................... 101 • 102 25 Sierra Leone ................... 103 • 104 25 Sri Lanka ..................... 105 • 108 26 Sudan ....................... 109 • 110 26 Tunisia ...................... 111 27 Turkey ...................... 112 • 116 27 Uzbekistan .................... 117 • 118 28 Viet Nam ..................... 119 • 120 28 Yugoslavia .................... 121 • 123 28 V. -
Countering Terrorism in East Africa: the U.S
Countering Terrorism in East Africa: The U.S. Response Lauren Ploch Analyst in African Affairs November 3, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41473 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Countering Terrorism in East Africa: The U.S. Response Summary The United States government has implemented a range of programs to counter violent extremist threats in East Africa in response to Al Qaeda’s bombing of the U.S. embassies in Tanzania and Kenya in 1998 and subsequent transnational terrorist activity in the region. These programs include regional and bilateral efforts, both military and civilian. The programs seek to build regional intelligence, military, law enforcement, and judicial capacities; strengthen aviation, port, and border security; stem the flow of terrorist financing; and counter the spread of extremist ideologies. Current U.S.-led regional counterterrorism efforts include the State Department’s East Africa Regional Strategic Initiative (EARSI) and the U.S. military’s Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA), part of U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM). The United States has also provided significant assistance in support of the African Union’s (AU) peace operations in Somalia, where the country’s nascent security forces and AU peacekeepers face a complex insurgency waged by, among others, Al Shabaab, a local group linked to Al Qaeda that often resorts to terrorist tactics. The State Department reports that both Al Qaeda and Al Shabaab pose serious terrorist threats to the United States and U.S. interests in the region. Evidence of linkages between Al Shabaab and Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, across the Gulf of Aden in Yemen, highlight another regional dimension of the threat posed by violent extremists in the area. -
BURKINA FASO: FLOODS 31 August 2007
DREF Bulletin No. MDRBF004 GLIDE no. FL-2007-000132-BFA BURKINA FASO: FLOODS 31 August 2007 The Federation’s mission is to improve the lives of vulnerable people by mobilizing the power of humanity. It is the world’s largest humanitarian organization and its millions of volunteers are active in over 185 countries. In Brief This DREF Bulletin is being issued based on the situation described below reflecting the information available at this time. CHF 126,065 (USD 104,705 or EUR 76,403) has been allocated from the Federation’s Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) to respond to the needs in this operation. This operation is expected to be implemented over one month, and will be completed by 30 September 2007; a Final Report will be made available three months after the end of the operation. Unearmarked funds to repay DREF are encouraged. <Click here to go directly to the attached map> For longer-term programmes, please refer to the Federation’s Annual Appeal. Background and current situation Heavy rains, recorded in several parts of Burkina Faso since the beginning of August 2007, have led to floods which have marooned villages, washed away livelihoods and caused extensive damage to houses and infrastructure. Photo right: Floodwater has covered and marooned entire villages, rendering them inaccessible and destroying houses. In the department of Bama (an agro-pastoral area located 30 kilometres from Bobo Dioulasso, the economic capital of Burkina), about 1,035 households (9,832 people) have been displaced after their houses were destroyed by the raging waters. The displaced people are currently accommodated in schools and tents put at the disposal of the Bobo Dioulasso branch of the Burkinabe Red Cross Society (BRCS). -
Human Capital Development Strategy for Somalia.Pdf
1 Heritage Institute City University Access all Human Capital Development (HCD) Studies from our website: www.heritageinstitute.org Or via the dedicated Human Capital Development For Somalia website: www.humancapital.so Follow Us: https://www.facebook.com/HIPSINSTITUTE/ https://twitter.com/HIPSINSTITUTE Contact Us: [email protected] 2 Heritage Institute City University Copyright © 2020 | The Heritage Institute for Policy Studies and City University of Mogadishu All Rights Reserved. Readers are encouraged to reproduce material for their own publications, as long as they are not being sold commercially. As copyright holder, the Heritage Institute for Policy Studies and City University of Mogadishu requests due acknowledgement and a copy of the publication. For online use, we ask readers to link to the original resource on the HIPS website. © Heritage Institute for Policy Studies and City University of Mogadishu 2020. 3 Heritage Institute City University Contents Foreword 5 Acknowledgements 6 Executive Summary 9 Research Objectives 9 Guiding Principles of the Research 10 Human Capital Development Core Values 10 Research Design 11 Definition of Human Capital 11 Key Baseline Findings 13 Education 13 Health 13 Labor 14 Agriculture and Livestock 15 Fisheries 16 Highlights of Human Capital Development Strategy 17 Crosscutting Strategies 18 Profile of The Human Capital Development Researchers and Contributors 20 Introduction 24 What Is Human Capital? 25 The Human Capital Development Initiative 27 Methodology 29 Data Sources, Procedures -
United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia Unsom
UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES UNITED NATIONS ASSISTANCE MISSION IN SOMALIA UNSOM Briefing to the Security Council by Ambassador Nicholas Kay, Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) for Somalia 11 March 2014 [AS DELIVERED] Madam President, Members of the Council, Thank you for giving me the opportunity to brief the Council from Mogadishu today and for your continued support to Somalia’s peace-building and state-building. I am on the ground in Mogadishu and not with you in New York due to the intensity of events at this moment. I hope you understand. Madam President The best hope for peace and stability in Somalia, the Horn of Africa and beyond remains a united, secure and federal Somalia. This is achievable. Somalia can reach its goal of an agreed constitution, a nation-wide electoral process and increased security by 2016. But times are tough, and in the short term may get tougher. Insecurity in Mogadishu poses challenges for Somalis, the UN and the international community. 2014 is a crucial year. It is marked, I would say, by security and political challenges, which will be overcome if the Federal Government of Somalia and international partners remain united and if both accelerate delivery of their mutual commitments. Madam President As I speak, an expanded AMISOM and the Somali National Army (SNA) are prosecuting a renewed offensive against Al Shabaab, made possible by UN Security Council Resolution 2124. It will be the most significant and geographically extensive military advance since AMISOM started, and there have already been notable successes. I pay tribute to the commitment and sacrifices made by AMISOM and its police and troop contributing states. -
Sri Lanka Joint Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review 28Th Session of the UPR Working Group
Sri Lanka Joint Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review 28th Session of the UPR Working Group Submitted 30 March 2017 Submission by CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation, NGO in General Consultative Status with ECOSOC And INFORM : Human Rights Documentation Centre CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen INFORM : Human Rights Documentation Participation Centre CIVICUS UPR Lead , Dominic Perera Email: INFORM: Human Rights Documentation [email protected] Centre lead, Udaya Kalupathirana Email: Ms Renate Bloem, Email: [email protected] [email protected] Tel: +41 22 733 3435 Tel: + 94-11-2809467 Web: www.civicus.org Web: https://ihrdc.wordpress.com 1. (A) Introduction 1.1 CIVICUS is a global alliance of civil society organisations and activists dedicated to strengthening citizen action and civil society around the world. Founded in 1993, we proudly promote marginalised voices, especially from the Global South, and have members in more than 170 countries throughout the world. 1.2 INFORM: Human Rights Documentation Centre (hereafter INFORM) was established in 1990 to monitor and document the human rights situation in Sri Lanka, especially in the context of the ethnic conflict and civil war. We work by reporting on the situation through written and oral interventions at the local, national and international level. In the recent years, INFORM has more focused on protection of human rights defenders at Risk in Sri Lanka and other Asian Countries. 1.3 In this document, CIVICUS and INFORM examine the Government of Sri Lanka’s compliance with its international human rights obligations to create and maintain a safe and enabling environment for civil society. -
Civil Affairs Summary Action Report (01 March-20 April 2018)
Civil Affairs Division Reporting Period: 01 March– 20 April 2018 Greater Bahr el Ghazal Actions Sports for peace, Raja, Lol State, 14-16 April Context: The creation of Lol State under the 28 state model, carved out of the areas that were formerly part of Northern and Western Bahr el Ghazal states, has been a source of polarized relations between Fertit and Dinka Malual communities. The Fertit opposed the formation of the new state on the basis that they would be marginalized by the larger Dinka Ma- 7 lual population. 4 Action: Recognizing the significant role youth play in communal con- flict and the importance of leveraging their role toward improved social relations, CAD Aweil FO in partnership with the Lol State Ministry of Information, Culture, Youth and Sports, organised a two-day football tour- nament in Raja, Lol State, to facilitate communal linkages and promote 2 coexistence between Fertit and Dinka Malual. The event featured the par- ticipation of over 60 Fertit youth from Raja, and Dinka Malual youth from Aweil North County (10 women participated). The Acting Governor, Speaker of State Legislative Assembly, Minister of Information, Culture community of NBeG held separate pre-migration conferences with Misser- and Youth, Minister of Education and SPLM commander of the area also iya and Rezeigat pastoralists from Sudan in Wanyjok, Aweil East, and attended the event and urged peaceful coexistence. Nymlal, Lol State, respectively. In both conferences, they reached a num- Impact: The participants expressed hope that the event will open ave- ber of resolutions, which are recognized as binding on the communities. -
Somalia Terror Threat
THECHRISTOPHER TERROR February 12, THREAT FROM THE TERROR THREAT FROM SOMALIA THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF AL SHABAAB CHRISTOPHER HARNISCH APPENDICES AND MAPS BY KATHERINE ZIMMERMAN FEBRUARY 12, 2010 A REPORT BY THE CRITICAL THREATS PROJECT OF THE AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE THE TERROR THREAT FROM SOMALIA CHRISTOPHER HARNISCH February 12, 2010 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 IMPORTANT GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN SOMALIA 3 NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS 4 INTRODUCTION 8 ORIGINS OF AL SHABAAB 10 GAINING CONTROL, GOVERNING, AND MAINTAINING CONTROL 14 AL SHABAAB’S RELATIONSHIP WITH AL QAEDA, THE GLOBAL JIHAD MOVEMENT, AND ITS GLOBAL IDEOLOGY 19 INTERNATIONAL RECRUITING AND ITS IMPACT 29 AL SHABAAB’S INTERNATIONAL THREATS 33 THREAT ASSESSMENT AND CONCLUSION 35 APPENDIX A: TIMELINE OF MAJOR SECURITY EVENTS IN SOMALIA 37 APPENDIX B: MAJOR SUICIDE ATTACKS AND ASSASSINATIONS CLAIMED BY OR ATTRIBUTED TO AL SHABAAB 47 NOTES 51 Maps MAP OF THE HORN OF AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST 5 POLITICAL MAP OF SOMALIA 6 MAP OF ISLAMIST-CONTROLLED AND INFLUENCED AREAS IN SOMALIA 7 www.criticalthreats.org THE TERROR THREAT FROM SOMALIA CHRISTOPHER HARNISCH February 12, 2010 Executive Summary hree hundred people nearly died in the skies of and assassinations. Al Shabaab’s primary objectives at TMichigan on Christmas Day, 2009 when a Niger- the time of the Ethiopian invasion appeared to be ian terrorist attempted to blow up a plane destined geographically limited to Somalia, and perhaps the for Detroit. The terrorist was an operative of an al Horn of Africa. The group’s rhetoric and behavior, Qaeda franchise based in Yemen called al Qaeda in however, have shifted over the past two years reflect- the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). -
Burkina Faso 2020 Human Rights Report
BURKINA FASO 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Burkina Faso is a constitutional republic led by an elected president. On November 22, the country held presidential and legislative elections despite challenges due to growing insecurity and increasing numbers of internally displaced persons. President Roch Marc Christian Kabore was re-elected to a second five-year term with 57.74 percent of the popular vote, and his party--the People’s Movement for Progress--won 56 seats in the 127-seat National Assembly, remaining the largest party in a legislative majority coalition with smaller parties. National and international observers characterized the elections as peaceful and “satisfactory,” while noting logistical problems on election day and a lack of access to the polls for many citizens due to insecurity. The government had previously declared that elections would take place only in areas where security could be guaranteed. The Ministry of Internal Security and the Ministry of Defense are responsible for internal security. The Ministry of Internal Security oversees the National Police. The army, air force, and National Gendarmerie, which operate within the Ministry of Defense, are responsible for external security but sometimes assist with missions related to domestic security. On January 21, the government passed legislation formalizing community-based self-defense groups by establishing the Volunteers for the Defense of the Fatherland, a civilian support corps for state counterterrorism efforts with rudimentary oversight from the -
Viable Support to Transition and Stability (Vistas) Fy 2016 Annual Report October1, 2015 - September 30, 2016
VIABLE SUPPORT TO TRANSITION AND STABILITY (VISTAS) FY 2016 ANNUAL REPORT OCTOBER1, 2015 - SEPTEMBER 30, 2016 JUNE 2016 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by AECOM. VIABLE SUPPORT TO TRANSITION AND STABILITY (VISTAS) FY 2016 ANNUAL REPORT OCTOBER 1, 2015- SEPTEMBER 30, 2016 Contract No. AID-668-C-13-00004 Submitted to: USAID South Sudan Prepared by: AECOM International Development Prepared for: Office of Transition and Conflict Mitigation (OTCM) USAID South Sudan Mission American Embassy Juba, South Sudan DISCLAIMER: The authors’ views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. FY 2016 Annual Report/ Viable Support to Transition and Stability (VISTAS) i TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 1 II. Political and security Landscape ............................................................................................ 2 National Political, Security, and Operational Landscape ........................................................................... 2 Political & Security Landscape in VISTAS Regional Offices ...................................................................... 4 III. Program Strategy.................................................................................................................... 7 IV. Program Highlights -
Peace in Puntland: Mapping the Progress Democratization, Decentralization, and Security and Rule of Law
Peace in Puntland: Mapping the Progress Democratization, Decentralization, and Security and Rule of Law Pillars of Peace Somali Programme Garowe, November 2015 Acknowledgment This Report was prepared by the Puntland Development Re- search Center (PDRC) and the Interpeace Regional Office for Eastern and Central Africa. Lead Researchers Research Coordinator: Ali Farah Ali Security and Rule of Law Pillar: Ahmed Osman Adan Democratization Pillar: Mohamoud Ali Said, Hassan Aden Mo- hamed Decentralization Pillar: Amina Mohamed Abdulkadir Audio and Video Unit: Muctar Mohamed Hersi Research Advisor Abdirahman Osman Raghe Editorial Support Peter W. Mackenzie, Peter Nordstrom, Jessamy Garver- Affeldt, Jesse Kariuki and Claire Elder Design and Layout David Müller Printer Kul Graphics Ltd Front cover photo: Swearing-in of Galkayo Local Council. Back cover photo: Mother of slain victim reaffirms her com- mittment to peace and rejection of revenge killings at MAVU film forum in Herojalle. ISBN: 978-9966-1665-7-9 Copyright: Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC) Published: November 2015 This report was produced by the Puntland Development Re- search Center (PDRC) with the support of Interpeace and represents exclusively their own views. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the contribut- ing donors and should not be relied upon as a statement of the contributing donors or their services. The contributing donors do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor do they accept responsibility for any use -
Extremism and Terrorism
Morocco: Extremism and Terrorism On November 14, 2020, the Polisario Front, a pro-independence group in the Western Sahara, declared war on Morocco, ending a ceasefire that has been in place for over three decades. The declaration of war came one day after Morocco launched a military operation in the U.N.-patrolled buffer zone as the Polisario Front allegedly blocked access to Mauritania, Morocco’s neighboring country, preventing the transfer of goods and people between the two countries. About a month later on December 10, 2020, U.S. President Donald Trump announced that Morocco agreed to establish full diplomatic relations, including formalizing economic ties, with Israel. The move is a part of a deal that includes U.S. recognition of the disputed territory of Western Sahara as part of Morocco. Morocco joins Bahrain, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates in normalizing diplomatic ties with Jerusalem. (Sources: Axios, New York Times, New York Times) On October 6, 2020, Moroccan authorities arrested four men allegedly linked to ISIS in Tangiers. According to the Central Bureau of Judicial Investigations (BCIJ), the four suspects planned to “destabilize security in the kingdom,” by carrying out attacks similar to ISIS in Syria and Iraq. Similar raids were carried out by Moroccan authorities on September 11 in Rabat and July 7 in Nador, northeastern Morocco. The suspects in each raid were allegedly linked to ISIS and sought to carry out terror attacks against prominent figures and sensitive sites in the Kingdom. (Sources: Associated Press, Defense Post, Defense Post) On December 17, 2018, Moroccan authorities discovered the decapitated bodies of two female Scandinavian tourists at a campsite near Mount Toubkal.