IN MEMORY of ROBERT LOUIS FOLK 30 September 1925 – 4 June 2018
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Carbonate Factory Response and Recovery After Ocean Anoxic Event 1A, Pearsall Formation, Central Texas
Copyright by Esben Skjold Pedersen 2020 The Thesis Committee for Esben Skjold Pedersen Certifies that this is the approved version of the following Thesis: Carbonate Factory Response and Recovery after Ocean Anoxic Event 1a, Pearsall Formation, Central Texas APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Charles Kerans, Supervisor Toti E. Larson, Co-Supervisor Daniel O. Breecker Carbonate Factory Response and Recovery after Ocean Anoxic Event 1a, Pearsall Formation, Central Texas by Esben Skjold Pedersen Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geological Sciences The University of Texas at Austin August 2020 Dedication To my parents for their endless support. To my sister, aunt, and uncle for opening my eyes to the world of the geological sciences. Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank my co-supervisors, Charlie Kerans and Toti Larson, for the opportunity to continue my education as a graduate student at the University of Texas at Austin, and their wisdom both within and outside of the realm of geoscience. I would also like to thank Dan Breecker for serving on my committee, and for his advice during my time at UT. I am grateful to Equinor for investing in my research and education in the geological sciences while as a graduate student. I would like to thank Rob Forkner in particular, for his guidance and direction. I would like to thank the Staff at the Bureau of Economic Geology, including Nathan Ivicic, Brandon Williamson, and Rudy Lucero for their help and problem solving in the core warehouse, especially during COVID-19 restrictions, and to Evan Sivil for his help with pXRF dataset acquisition and guidance. -
Petrography of Middle Jurassic to Early
Chaudhuri et al. Journal of Palaeogeography (2018) 7:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42501-018-0002-6 Journal of Palaeogeography RESEARCH Open Access Petrography of Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sandstones in the Kutch Basin, western India: Implications on provenance and basin evolution Angana Chaudhuri1, Santanu Banerjee1* and Emilia Le Pera2 Abstract This paper investigates the provenance of Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sediments in the Kutch Basin, western India, on the basis of mineralogical investigations of sandstones composition (Quartz–Feldspar–Lithic (QFL) fragment), Zircon–Tourmaline–Rutile (ZTR) index, and mineral chemistry of heavy detrital minerals of the framework. The study also examines the compositional variation of the sandstone in relation to the evolution of the Kutch Basin, which originated as a rift basin during the Late Triassic and evolved into a passive margin basin by the end Cretaceous. This study analyzes sandstone samples of Jhumara, Jhuran and Bhuj Formations of Middle Jurassic, Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous, respectively, in the Kutch Mainland. Sandstones record a compositional evolution from arkosic to subarkosic as the feldspar content decreases from 68% in the Jhumara Formation to 27% in the Bhuj Formation with intermediate values in the Jhuran Formation. The QFL modal composition indicates basement uplifted and transitional continental settings at source. Heavy mineral content of these sandstones reveals the occurrence of zircon, tourmaline, rutile, garnet, apatite, monazite and opaque minerals. Sub-rounded to well-rounded zircon grains indicate a polycyclic origin. ZTR indices for samples in Jhumara, Jhuran and Bhuj Formations are 25%, 30% and 50% respectively. Chemistry of opaque minerals reveals the occurrence of detrital varieties such as ilmenite, rutile, hematite/magnetite and pyrite, in a decreasing order of abundances. -
Groundwater Flow Systems in Multiple Karst Aquifers of Central Texas
GROUNDWATER FLOW SYSTEMS IN MULTIPLE KARST AQUIFERS OF CENTRAL TEXAS Brian A. Smith Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District, 1124 Regal Row, Austin, Texas, 78748, USA, [email protected] Brian B. Hunt Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District, 1124 Regal Row, Austin, Texas, 78748, USA, [email protected] Douglas A. Wierman Blue Creek Consulting, LLC, 400 Blue Creek Drive, Dripping Springs, Texas, 78620, USA, [email protected] Marcus O. Gary Edwards Aquifer Authority, 1615 N. St. Mary’s Street, San Antonio, Texas, 78215, USA, [email protected] Abstract hydrogeologic and resource evaluations and modeling of Increased demand for groundwater in central Hays the Middle Trinity Aquifer. County is prompting studies to evaluate the availability of groundwater in the Trinity Aquifers of central Texas. Introduction These aquifers, consisting mostly of limestone, dolomite, With limited surface water, central Texas is fortunate to and marl, exhibit varying degrees of karstification. Near have the Edwards and Middle Trinity karst aquifer systems the surface, karst features such as caves and sinkholes are that provide a variety of groundwater resources. The karstic evident, but are widely scattered. Even at depths greater Edwards Aquifer has been recognized for decades as a vital than 400 m (1,300 ft), units that are mostly limestone show groundwater resource, and thus many studies have been some degree of karstification where dissolution along published from Hill and Vaugh (1898) to recent (Hauwert fractures has caused development of conduits. Studies are and Sharp, 2014) that characterize the nature of the aquifer being conducted to better understand the horizontal and and its groundwater flow system. -
Carbonate Sedimentology and Facies Correlation of the Mason Mountain Wildlife Management Area: Mason, TX
CARBONATE SEDIMENTOLOGY AND FACIES CORRELATION OF THE MASON MOUNTAIN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREA MASON, TX An Undergraduate Research Scholars Thesis by JOHN CAMPBELL CRAIG Submitted to the Undergraduate Research Scholars program Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the designation as an UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SCHOLAR Approved by Research Advisor: Dr. Juan Carlos Laya May 2016 Major: Geology TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. 1 DEDICATION .............................................................................................................................. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 4 NOMENCLATURE ..................................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 6 Geologic setting of study ...................................................................................... 7 Carbonate formation ........................................................................................... 10 Carbonate classification ...................................................................................... 11 II METHODS ........................................................................................................ -
8. Carbonate and Evaporite Environments
8. Carbonate and Evaporite Environments Sequence Stratigraphy Institute of Geophysics National Central Univ., Taiwan Prepared by Dr. Andrew T. Lin 8. Carbonate and Evaporite Environments 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Carbonate Shelf (nonreef) Environments • Depositional setting • Sedimentation processes Chemical and biochemical processes Physical processes • Skeletal and sediment characteristics of carbonate deposits • Examples of modern carbonate platforms • Examples of ancient carbonate shelf successions Isolated platforms Rimmed shelves Ramps Epeiric platforms Sequence Stratigraphy Institute of Geophysics National Central Univ., Taiwan Prepared by Dr. Andrew T. Lin 8.3 Slope/Basin Carbonates 8.4 Organic Reef Environments • Modern reefs and reef environments Depositional setting Reef organisms Reef deposits Low-energy reef facies • Ancient Reefs Reef deposits Occurrence of ancient reefs 8.5 Mixed Carbonate-Siliciclastic Systems 8.6 Evaporite Environments • Modern evaporite environment Nonmarine environment Shallow marine environment Deep-water environment • Ancient evaporite environment Nonmarine environment Sequence Stratigraphy Institute of Geophysics Marine environment National Central Univ., Taiwan Prepared by Dr. Andrew T. Lin Carbonate depositional settings • Shelf margin • Shelf – Outer more normal marine – Inner restricted • Margin slope and base of slope • Basin Sequence Stratigraphy Institute of Geophysics National Central Univ., Taiwan Prepared by Dr. Andrew T. Lin Sequence Stratigraphy Institute of Geophysics National Central Univ., -
Investigating the Variations in Depositional Facies by Investigating the Accuracy of the Neural Network Model Within the St
INVESTIGATING THE VARIATIONS IN DEPOSITIONAL FACIES BY INVESTIGATING THE ACCURACY OF THE NEURAL NETWORK MODEL WITHIN THE ST. LOUIS LIMESTONE, KEARNY COUNTY, KANSAS By CHANCE REECE B.S., Kansas State University, 2014 A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Geology College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2016 Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Matt Totten Copyright CHANCE REECE 2016 Abstract The Mississippian-aged St. Louis Limestone has been a major producer of oil, and natural gas for years in Kearny County, Kansas. Since 1966 two major fields in the County, the Lakin, and Lakin South fields, have produced over 4,405,800 bbls of oil. The St. Louis can be subdivided into six different depositional facies, all with varying lithologies and porosities. Only one of these facies is productive, and the challenge of exploration in this area is the prediction of the productive facies distribution. A previous study by Martin (2015) used a neural network model using well log data, calibrated with established facies distributed within a cored well, to predict the presence of these facies in adjacent wells without core. It was assumed that the model’s prediction accuracy would be strongest near the cored wells, with increasing inaccuracy as you move further from the cored wells used for the neural network model. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the neural network model predictions. Additionally, is the greater accuracy closest to the cored wells used to calibrate the model, with a corresponding decrease in predictive accuracy as you move further away? Most importantly, how well did the model predict the primary producing unit (porous ooid grainstone) within the St. -
Petrography, Modal Composition and Tectonic Provenance of Some
Open Geosci. 2018; 10:821–833 Research Article Open Access Priscilla Chima*, Christopher Baiyegunhi, Kuiwu Liu, and Oswald Gwavava Petrography, modal composition and tectonic provenance of some selected sandstones from the Molteno, Elliot and Clarens Formations, Karoo Supergroup, in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0064 1 Introduction Received November 16, 2017; accepted March 16, 2018 Abstract: The Late Triassic - Early Jurassic non marine clas- Sedimentary rocks, particularly sandstones, are com- tic sediments of the Molteno, Elliot and Clarens Forma- monly used to construe provenance and to identify an- tions were studied to deduce their mineralogy and tectonic cient tectonic settings since clastic detrital components provenance. The study is based on road-cut exposures preserve detailed information on the provenance, sedi- of the formations in the Eastern Cape Province of South ments transportion and the interaction of physical and Africa. Petrographic studies based on quantitative analy- chemical processes [1, 2]. Petrography of sandstones reveal sis of the detrital minerals shows that the clastic sediments more on the provenance of the detritus despite the fact that (mostly sandstones) are predominantly made up of quartz, their original compositions are influenced by processes feldspars, and metamorphic and igneous rock fragments. such as weathering, transportation and diagenesis [3]. [4] Among the main detrital framework grains, quartz con- documented that other factors like source area charac- stitutes about 62-91%, feldspar 6-24% and 3-19% of lithic teristics, orogenesis, multicycling, storage pathways and/ fragments. The sandstones can be classified as both sub- or leaching also contribute to the formation of clastic litharenite and subarkose. -
Guidebook to the Geology of Travis County.Pdf (4.815Mb)
Page | 1 Guidebook to the Geology of Travis County: Preface Geology of the Austin Area, Travis County, Texas Keith Young When Robert T. Hill first came to Austin, Texas, as the first professor of geology, he described Austin and its surrounding area as an ideal site for a school of geology because it offered such varied outcrops representing rocks of many ages and varieties. Although Hill resigned his position about 85 years ago, the opportunities of the local geology have not changed. Hill (Hill, 1889) implies the intent of writing a series of papers to describe the geology of the local area for all who might be interested. The authors of this volume hope that they have fulfilled in large measure Hill's original intent. No product can ever be all things to all users, but we have presented here common geological phenomenon for many, including the description of an ancient volcano, the description of faulting that occurred in the Austin area in the past, a geologic history of the Austin area, a description of the local rocks, including their classification, field trips for interested observers of the geologic scene, collecting localities for the lovers of fossils, and resource places and agencies. We cannot emphasize enough that many unique geological phenomena are on private property. Please do not trespass, obtain permission. And if permission is not granted, observe from a distance. There are sufficient areas of geologic interest in the Austin area to please all without antagonizing landowners and making it even more difficult for the next person. Page | 2 Guidebook to the Geology of Travis County: Author's Note A useful guide to the geology of the Austin area has long been a goal. -
Petrography and Tectonic Provenance of the Cretaceous Sandstones of the Bredasdorp Basin, Off the South Coast of South Africa: Evidence from Framework Grain Modes
geosciences Article Petrography and Tectonic Provenance of the Cretaceous Sandstones of the Bredasdorp Basin, off the South Coast of South Africa: Evidence from Framework Grain Modes Temitope Love Baiyegunhi 1,*, Kuiwu Liu 1,*, Oswald Gwavava 1 and Christopher Baiyegunhi 2 1 Department of Geology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; [email protected] 2 Department of Geology and Mining, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, Limpopo Province, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.L.B.); [email protected] (K.L.) Received: 8 May 2020; Accepted: 3 June 2020; Published: 28 August 2020 Abstract: The Cretaceous sandstones of the Bredasdorp Basin were investigated to recognize their composition, provenance, and tectonic setting. Ninety-two samples of sandstones from exploration wells E-AH1, E-AJ1, E-BA1, E-BB1, and E-D3 were investigated using both petrographic and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Petrographic studies based on quantitative investigation of the detrital framework grain shows that the Bredasdorp sandstones chiefly consist of quartz (52.2–68.0%), feldspar (10.0–18.0%), and lithic fragments (5.0–10.2%). These sandstones are mostly fine grained, moderately well-sorted, and subrounded to rounded. The modal composition data shows that the sandstones could be classified as subarkosic arenite and lithic arkose. Such a composition of the sandstones perhaps indicates the interplay of pulses of fast uplift of the source area and rapid subsidence of the Bredasdorp Basin, with subsequent periods of calmness within the transgressive-regressive sequence in a rift tectonic regime. -
Provenance and Sediment Dispersal of Mississippian Sandstones in the Black Warrior Basin, Ne Mississippi
PROVENANCE AND SEDIMENT DISPERSAL OF MISSISSIPPIAN SANDSTONES IN THE BLACK WARRIOR BASIN, NE MISSISSIPPI By PATRICK MICHAEL O’CONNOR Bachelor of Science, 2012 Ohio University Athens, Ohio Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The College of Science and Engineering Texas Christian University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May, 2015 Copyright By Patrick Michael O’Connor 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality in Jackson, MS for graciously allowing me to sample their core for this project. I also want to thank Mark Pecha and the team at the University of Arizona LaserChron Center for their assistance with the processing of detrital LA-ICPMS. Also, thank you to the University of Texas at Dallas for allowing me to use their rock crushing lab, and Dr. Majie Fan for the use of the mineral separation lab at University of Texas at Arlington. Secondly, I need to recognize Dr. Xiangyang “Cheyenne” Xie for his significant role in my graduate school experience. Cheyenne’s determination to provide all the necessary resources and accommodations for me to complete my thesis was above and beyond what I could have ever expected from a graduate advisor. Cheyenne exhibited an extreme willingness to always be available, not only as a thesis advisor, but also as a friend throughout my graduate experience. I am very grateful to have had Cheyenne as my advisor and to have built a relationship with him. Additionally, I would like to thank Dr. Alsleben and Dr. Holbrook for all their help. -
Faults Identified Using the Aerial Photo Analysis Were Ground Truthed, Then
new study area fault map. Schumacher and Saller (2008) measured strike and dip on over 230 structural features in the area. Refernece Appendix 3. A rose diagram of the faults and fractures in the Cypress Creek watershed is included as Figure 23. The measured faults and fractures trend 45–60° (the major strike of the BFZ) or are conjugate features offset by 60°(105–120°). A study was performed by to delineate critical karst regions within Hays County as part of the Hays County Habitat Conservation Plan (www.hayscountyhcp.com). Figure 24 shows all geologic outcrops that may contain caves and karst features and also delineates areas with known caves and karst features. A number of the mapped karst features occur within the Cypress Creek/Jacob‘s Well study area (Figure 24). 8.0 Occurrence and Flow of Groundwater Figure 23. Structure Measurements—Rose Diagram 8.1 Precipitation The amount of annual precipitation has varied greatly since the USGS gauging station was installed in Jacob‘s Well in April 2005. Since then, there have been two drought periods, April 2005–February 2007 and September 2007–June 2008. As measured by NOAA in Wimberley (Table 3), the average monthly rainfall during the two drought events was 2.1‖ and 1.4‖, respectively. The period March 2007 through August 2007 was significantly wetter, with average monthly rain fall exceeding 7.3‖. Over the entire period of record as measured in Austin, TX since 1856, average annual rainfall is 33.57‖, or an average of 2.8‖ per month. 8.2 Hydrostratigraphy of the Cypress Creek Area Within the Cypress Creek area the principal Figure 24. -
Depositional Environment and Facies Analyses of the Owl Mountain Province, Fort Hood Military Installation, Bell and Coryell Counties, Texas
Stephen F. Austin State University SFA ScholarWorks Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-2018 DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND FACIES ANALYSES OF THE OWL MOUNTAIN PROVINCE, FORT HOOD MILITARY INSTALLATION, BELL AND CORYELL COUNTIES, TEXAS Jacob Meinerts [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds Part of the Geology Commons, Geomorphology Commons, Hydrology Commons, and the Sedimentology Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Repository Citation Meinerts, Jacob, "DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND FACIES ANALYSES OF THE OWL MOUNTAIN PROVINCE, FORT HOOD MILITARY INSTALLATION, BELL AND CORYELL COUNTIES, TEXAS" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 222. https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/222 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND FACIES ANALYSES OF THE OWL MOUNTAIN PROVINCE, FORT HOOD MILITARY INSTALLATION, BELL AND CORYELL COUNTIES, TEXAS Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This thesis is available at SFA ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/222 DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND FACIES ANALYSES OF THE OWL MOUNTAIN PROVINCE, FORT HOOD MILITARY INSTALLATION, BELL AND CORYELL COUNTIES, TEXAS By Jacob Allan Meinerts, B.S Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Stephen F. Austin State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements For the Degree of Masters of Science STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY December 2018 Depositional Environment and Facies Analyses of the Owl Mountain Province, Fort Hood Military Installation, Bell and Coryell Counties, Texas By JACOB ALLAN MEINERTS, B.S.