Petrography of Middle Jurassic to Early
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Callovian to Oxfordian Benthic Foraminifera from Ler Dome, Kutch Basin (Gujarat, India): Systematic, Ecostratigraphy and Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction
Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy) vol. 126(2): 315-362. July 2020 CALLOVIAN TO OXFORDIAN BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA FROM LER DOME, KUTCH BASIN (GUJARAT, INDIA): SYSTEMATIC, ECOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION SYED MD. WASIM1, MATIAS REOLID2*, ABU TALIB1 & SHABBER HABIB ALVI1 1Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, 200 002 Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Geology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas sn 23071 Jaén, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author. To cite this article: Wasim S. Md., Reolid M., Talib A. & Alvi S.H. (2020) - Callovian to Oxfordian benthic foraminifera from Ler Dome, Kutch Basin (Gujarat, India): Systematic, ecostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Riv. It. Paleontol. Strat., 126(2): 315-362. Keywords: Foraminifera; Systematics; Ecostratigraphy; Transgressive-regressive cycles; Kutch Basin. Abstract. Analysis of the foraminiferal assemblages of the Chari Formation (Middle-Upper Jurassic transi- tion) exposed at Ler Dome, Kutch Basin (India) allows one to interpret the incidence of different environmental parameters, especially the effect of sea-level changes in this group of microorganisms. The overall deposition of the Chari Formation took place in an open marine environment in the middle to outer shelf, having normal salinity and well-oxygenated bottom waters according to the lithofacies and the composition of the foraminiferal and macroin- vertebrate assemblages. Changes in the diversity, abundance of foraminifera, and proportion of specialist forms were associated mainly with the availability of labile organic matter on the sea floor. The changes in trophic resources were associated with fluctuations in the type of sedimentation, which ranges from carbonates to siltstones and sandstones. -
Environments and Faunal Patterns in the Kachchh Rift Basin
Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia volunre I i 0 no. I pp.181-190 April 2004 ENVIRONMENTS AND FAUNAL PATTERNS IN THE KACHCHH RIFT BASIN. \TESTERN INDIA, DURING THE JURASSIC FRANZ THEODOR FURSICH', JOHN H. CALLOMON" DHIRENDRA K. PANDEY.E{ ANAND K. TAITLY* Recit,ed September 19, 2002: accepted July 13,2003 Key-zoords: Jurassic, taphonomy, palaeoecology, cycles, Kach- dominata dai bivalvi, seguiti da brachiopodi, gasteropodi, coralli, ser- chh, India. pulidi e spugne. Lanalisi di 370 campioni statistici ed oltre 27000 esem- plari h;r prodotto più di a0 associazioni e rrggruppamenti bentonici. Abstract. Marine Jurassic sediments (Bajocian-Tithonian) of the Essi mostrano una relazione con molti parametri ambientali, due dei Kachchh Basin were deposited in a ramp setting. Except during the quali, salinità e clima, vengono brevemente discussi. Viene delineata la Middle and Late Bathonian, when a carbonate reginre became estab- distribuzione areale delle facies e dei biota per due porzioni temporali, lished, the fill of the basin consists predominantly of siliciclastics. The rispettivamente il Bathoniano ed il Calloviano-Oxfordiano. sediments represent environnrents that range from coastal plains (riv- ers and associated flood plains with caliche nodules), deltas, brackish water lagoons, nearshore sand and iron-oolite bars of the inner rlmp, generally situated above fair-weather wave-base, to the middle ramp in- Introduction fluenced by stornr-waves and by storm-generated currents, and finally to the outer ramp which is characterised by lor. energy, fine-grained The rift basin of Kachchh originated at the west- sediments. Changes in relative sea level produced a cyclic sedimenta- ern margin of the Indian Plate in the Triassic (e.g. -
Responses of Benthic Foraminifera to Environmental Variability a Case
Marine Micropaleontology 151 (2019) 101749 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Micropaleontology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marmicro Responses of benthic foraminifera to environmental variability: A case from T the Middle Jurassic of the Kachchh Basin (Western India) ⁎ Sreepat Jaina, , Ahmed Awad Abdelhadyb, Mohamad Alhusseinc a Department of Geology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, 1888 Adama, Oromia, Ethiopia b Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt c Department of Geology, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: At the western margin of the Indian plate, the Jurassic sedimentary succession of the Kachchh Basin provides Middle Jurassic well–developed exposures for fauna-based studies. Based on a quantitative analyses of 67 samples spanning Kachchh Middle Bathonian–Late Callovian interval, the paleoenvironment of the Jumara section (the depocenter of the Sea level Kachchh basin), is inferred. Four benthic foraminiferal assemblages are recognized by both Clustering and NMDS Clustering ordination methods. These assemblages vary in biotic traits such as life–habit and diversity as well as in abiotic NMDS ordination traits such as sediment type, nutrient availability, and oxygen level. The Bathonian Spirillina polygyrata assem- blage that dominates an outer neritic oligotrophic setting, has a preference for calcareous substrates. In the earliest Callovian, the Epistomina mosquensis assemblage replaced the latter, as oxic conditions decreased and terrigenous influx increased. Two successive and less diverse assemblages had a preference for non–calcareous substrates and dominated the mid-Early–Late Callovian landscape. These are the oxic Lenticulina subalata as- semblage (inner to middle neritic oligotrophic setting) in the mid–Early to mid–Middle Callovian and the dysoxic Reophax metensis assemblage (mesotrophic to eutrophic middle neritic setting) in the late–Middle to Late Callovian. -
Mesozoic of India
UNIT 6 MESOZOIC OF INDIA Structure________________________________________________ 6.1 Introduction 6.3 Activity Expected Learning Outcomes 6.4 Summary 6.2 Mesozoic Successions of India 6.5 Terminal Questions Triassic of Spiti 6.6 References Mesozoic of Kachchh 6.7 Further/Suggested Readings Mesozoic of Rajasthan 6.8 Answers Cretaceous of Tiruchirapalli 6.1 INTRODUCTION In Units 4 and 5, you have read the Precambrian and Palaeozoic rock systems of India. You must have noted while studying these units, that the Precambrian successions are well-developed in the peninsular India and the Palaeozoic successions in the Himalayan region. The Mesozoic successions of India comprise those rock groups, that were deposited during the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous times, spanning from 252.2 to 66 million years/annuals (Ma) ago, a total duration of 186.2 Ma. The Mesozoic era was marked by the break-up of Pangea, the supercontinent of the Palaeozoic era, into Laurasian and Gondwana landmasses. India, once a part of Gondwanan landmasses, started to separate and disperse from the Gondwana during the Middle Jurassic and collided with Asia during Early Cenozoic.The Mesozoic witnessed considerably warmer temperatures and high sea levels due to continental movements and tectonic activity. There were many marine transgressions events recorded during the Mesozoic in different parts of India. These marine transgressions brought the 133 …………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………Block 2 Stratigraphy of India deposition of marine sediments inside the continental areas. As a result, Mesozoic successions are present in both the Himalayan and peninsular regions of India. The well-prerserved outcrops of the Mesozoic successions occur in different parts of the country. -
On the Occurrence of the Indonesian Ammonite Macrocephalites
3 Zitteliana 93 On the occurrence of the Indonesian ammonite Macrocephalites keeuwensis Boehm [M & m] from Kachchh (Western India) Paläontologie Bayerische GeoBio- & Geobiologie Staatssammlung Center LMU München für Paläontologie und Geologie LMU München Sreepat Jain* n München, 2019 Department of Applied Geology, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and n Manuscript received 10.10.2017; revision Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia accepted 12.02.2018; available online: 13.12.2018 *E-mail: [email protected] n ISSN 0373-9627 n ISBN 978-3-946705-05-5 Zitteliana 93, 3–24. Abstract The dimorphic occurrence of the Indonesian ammonite Macrocephalites keeuwensis Boehm is reported co-occurring with the Late Bathonian Macrocephalites cf. mantataranus Boehm [M] from the basal sediments (ash gray marl-limestone intercalations) of the Jara Dome (Kachchh, Western India). Coeval sediments from the adjoining Jumara Dome also record M. cf. mantataranus Boehm [M] and M. keeuwensis var. aff. forma flexuosa Boehm [m]. Based on these finds, the age of the IndonesianM . keeuwensis Association is re-evalua- ted as also the age of the nominal species that now occurs in Kachchh, Madagascar and Europe. A new Late Bathonian age is proposed for the Association that hitherto was assigned on balance to straddle between “late Early Callovian–latest Bathonian”. It is speculated that M. keeuwensis Boehm [M & m] gave rise to two distinct lineages and the paper documents the separation of these two different lines. One that gave rise to the Early Callovian M. lamellosus (Sowerby), and which in turn to the late Early Callovian Subkossmatia opis Spath. -
8. Carbonate and Evaporite Environments
8. Carbonate and Evaporite Environments Sequence Stratigraphy Institute of Geophysics National Central Univ., Taiwan Prepared by Dr. Andrew T. Lin 8. Carbonate and Evaporite Environments 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Carbonate Shelf (nonreef) Environments • Depositional setting • Sedimentation processes Chemical and biochemical processes Physical processes • Skeletal and sediment characteristics of carbonate deposits • Examples of modern carbonate platforms • Examples of ancient carbonate shelf successions Isolated platforms Rimmed shelves Ramps Epeiric platforms Sequence Stratigraphy Institute of Geophysics National Central Univ., Taiwan Prepared by Dr. Andrew T. Lin 8.3 Slope/Basin Carbonates 8.4 Organic Reef Environments • Modern reefs and reef environments Depositional setting Reef organisms Reef deposits Low-energy reef facies • Ancient Reefs Reef deposits Occurrence of ancient reefs 8.5 Mixed Carbonate-Siliciclastic Systems 8.6 Evaporite Environments • Modern evaporite environment Nonmarine environment Shallow marine environment Deep-water environment • Ancient evaporite environment Nonmarine environment Sequence Stratigraphy Institute of Geophysics Marine environment National Central Univ., Taiwan Prepared by Dr. Andrew T. Lin Carbonate depositional settings • Shelf margin • Shelf – Outer more normal marine – Inner restricted • Margin slope and base of slope • Basin Sequence Stratigraphy Institute of Geophysics National Central Univ., Taiwan Prepared by Dr. Andrew T. Lin Sequence Stratigraphy Institute of Geophysics National Central Univ., -
Investigating the Variations in Depositional Facies by Investigating the Accuracy of the Neural Network Model Within the St
INVESTIGATING THE VARIATIONS IN DEPOSITIONAL FACIES BY INVESTIGATING THE ACCURACY OF THE NEURAL NETWORK MODEL WITHIN THE ST. LOUIS LIMESTONE, KEARNY COUNTY, KANSAS By CHANCE REECE B.S., Kansas State University, 2014 A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Geology College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2016 Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Matt Totten Copyright CHANCE REECE 2016 Abstract The Mississippian-aged St. Louis Limestone has been a major producer of oil, and natural gas for years in Kearny County, Kansas. Since 1966 two major fields in the County, the Lakin, and Lakin South fields, have produced over 4,405,800 bbls of oil. The St. Louis can be subdivided into six different depositional facies, all with varying lithologies and porosities. Only one of these facies is productive, and the challenge of exploration in this area is the prediction of the productive facies distribution. A previous study by Martin (2015) used a neural network model using well log data, calibrated with established facies distributed within a cored well, to predict the presence of these facies in adjacent wells without core. It was assumed that the model’s prediction accuracy would be strongest near the cored wells, with increasing inaccuracy as you move further from the cored wells used for the neural network model. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the neural network model predictions. Additionally, is the greater accuracy closest to the cored wells used to calibrate the model, with a corresponding decrease in predictive accuracy as you move further away? Most importantly, how well did the model predict the primary producing unit (porous ooid grainstone) within the St. -
Petrography, Modal Composition and Tectonic Provenance of Some
Open Geosci. 2018; 10:821–833 Research Article Open Access Priscilla Chima*, Christopher Baiyegunhi, Kuiwu Liu, and Oswald Gwavava Petrography, modal composition and tectonic provenance of some selected sandstones from the Molteno, Elliot and Clarens Formations, Karoo Supergroup, in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0064 1 Introduction Received November 16, 2017; accepted March 16, 2018 Abstract: The Late Triassic - Early Jurassic non marine clas- Sedimentary rocks, particularly sandstones, are com- tic sediments of the Molteno, Elliot and Clarens Forma- monly used to construe provenance and to identify an- tions were studied to deduce their mineralogy and tectonic cient tectonic settings since clastic detrital components provenance. The study is based on road-cut exposures preserve detailed information on the provenance, sedi- of the formations in the Eastern Cape Province of South ments transportion and the interaction of physical and Africa. Petrographic studies based on quantitative analy- chemical processes [1, 2]. Petrography of sandstones reveal sis of the detrital minerals shows that the clastic sediments more on the provenance of the detritus despite the fact that (mostly sandstones) are predominantly made up of quartz, their original compositions are influenced by processes feldspars, and metamorphic and igneous rock fragments. such as weathering, transportation and diagenesis [3]. [4] Among the main detrital framework grains, quartz con- documented that other factors like source area charac- stitutes about 62-91%, feldspar 6-24% and 3-19% of lithic teristics, orogenesis, multicycling, storage pathways and/ fragments. The sandstones can be classified as both sub- or leaching also contribute to the formation of clastic litharenite and subarkose. -
9Th International Congress on the Juras Ic Ys Em, Jaipur, India Abstracts
9th International Congress on the Juras ic ys em, Jaipur, India Abstracts 9th International Congress on the Jurassic System, Jaipur, India Abstracts Dhirendra K. Pandey, Franz T. Fiirsich & Matthias Alberti (Eds.) Beringeria Special Issue 8 - Erlangen 2 014 Cover photographs Front: The facade of the Hawa Mahal or Palace of Winds in Jaipur. Back: A mural in the Nahargarh Fort near Jaipur. Addresses of the editors: DHIRENDRA K. PANDEY, Department of Geology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, India; E-mail: [email protected] FRANZ T. FiiRSICH, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Fachgruppe PaUioumwelt der Friedrich-Alexander Universitat Erlangen-Niirnberg, Loewenichstr. 28, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; E-mail: franz. [email protected] MATTHIAS ALBERTI, Institut fiir Geowissenschaften, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 10, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; E-mail: [email protected] Beringeria, Special Issue 8: 213 pages Erlangen, 01.12.2013 ISSN 093 7-0242 Publisher: Freunde der nordbayerischen Geowissenschaftene. V. Editorial Office: GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Fachgruppe Palaoumwelt, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-N iirnberg Loewenichstr. 28, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. Print: Tiwari Printers Jhotwara,Jaipur, 302012, India. 9th International Congress on the Jurassic System - Abstracts 3 Contents A sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the contact between the Lathi and 11 Jaisalmer formations, Jaisalmer Basin, Rajasthan, India by A. Agarwal, A. S. Kale & P. B. Jadhav Ammonites of the family Mayaitidae SPATH, 1928 from the Oxfordian of Kachchh, 13 western India by M. Alberti, D. K. Pandey,M. Hethke & F. T. Fiirsich Stratigraphy, facies analysis and reservoir characterization of the Upper Jurassic 16 Arab "C", Qatar, Arabian Gulf by H. Al-Saad & F. -
The Oldest Turritelline Gastropods: from the Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic) of Kutch, India
Journal of Paleontology, page 1 of 15 Copyright © 2018, The Paleontological Society 0022-3360/15/0088-0906 doi: 10.1017/jpa.2017.89 The oldest turritelline gastropods: from the Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic) of Kutch, India Shiladri S. Das,1 Sandip Saha,1 Subhendu Bardhan,2 Sumanta Mallick,3 and Warren D. Allmon4 1Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata-700108, India 〈[email protected]〉 〈[email protected]〉 2Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-7000032, India 〈[email protected]〉 3Department of Geology, Triveni Devi Bhalotia College, Raniganj-713347, India 〈[email protected]〉 4Paleontological Research Institution, and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, 1259 Trumansburg Road, Ithaca, New York,14850 USA 〈[email protected]〉 Abstract.—Turritellid gastropods are important components of many Cretaceous–Recent fossil marine faunas world- wide. Their shell is morphologically simple, making homoplasy widespread and phylogenetic analysis difficult, but fossil and living species can be recognized based on shell characters. For many decades, it has been the consensus that the oldest definite representatives of Turritellidae are from the Lower Cretaceous, and that pre-Cretaceous forms are homeomorphs. Some morphological characters of the present turritelline species resemble those of mathildoids, but many diagnostic characters clearly separate these two groups. We here describe and/or redescribe—based on examination of more than 2600 near complete specimens—four species from the Upper Jurassic Dhosa Oolite Member of the Chari Formation in Kutch, western India, and demonstrate that they are members of Turritellidae, subfamily Turritellinae, on the basis of diagnostic characters including apical sculptural ontogeny (obtained from SEM study), spiral sculpture, and growth line patterns. -
Provenance, Tectonic Setting, Source Weathering and Palaeoenvironmental Implications of Middle-Upper Jurassic Rocks of Ler Dome
Chemie der Erde 78 (2018) 356–371 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Chemie der Erde journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chemer Provenance, tectonic setting, source weathering and palaeoenvironmental implications of Middle-Upper Jurassic rocks of Ler dome, Kachchh, western T India: Inferences from petrography and geochemistry ⁎ Asma A. Ghaznavia, , Imran Khanb, M.A. Quasima, A.H.M. Ahmada a Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India b Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Handling Editor: Astrid Holzheid The Middle-Upper Jurassic sandstones and shales of Ler dome (Chari and Katrol Formations), Kachchh, western Keywords: India, have been analyzed for modal, bulk mineralogy and geochemistry to deduce their provenance, tectonic Petrography setting, source area weathering and palaeoenvironmental conditions. The detrital modes of Ler dome sandstones Geochemistry indicate that they were emanated from recycled orogen (uplifted shoulders of rift) and stable cratonic source in Provenance passive margin setting. Rapid deposition of sediments from a granitic source area can be predicted from feldspar Source-area weathering abundance. A highly mature heavy mineral assemblage characterized in the form of high Zircon-Tourmaline- Palaeoenvironment Rutile (ZTR) index also endorses these findings. The X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and scanning electron Kachchh basin microscope (SEM) data show the presence of clay minerals depicting moderate to extensive chemical weathering in an oxidizing environment with periodic cycles of transgression and regression. The chemical index of weathering, chemical index of alteration and plagioclase index of alteration suggest moderate to high and low to moderate weathering conditions for sandstone and shales, respectively, that took place in low to moderate relief. -
Petrography and Tectonic Provenance of the Cretaceous Sandstones of the Bredasdorp Basin, Off the South Coast of South Africa: Evidence from Framework Grain Modes
geosciences Article Petrography and Tectonic Provenance of the Cretaceous Sandstones of the Bredasdorp Basin, off the South Coast of South Africa: Evidence from Framework Grain Modes Temitope Love Baiyegunhi 1,*, Kuiwu Liu 1,*, Oswald Gwavava 1 and Christopher Baiyegunhi 2 1 Department of Geology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; [email protected] 2 Department of Geology and Mining, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, Limpopo Province, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.L.B.); [email protected] (K.L.) Received: 8 May 2020; Accepted: 3 June 2020; Published: 28 August 2020 Abstract: The Cretaceous sandstones of the Bredasdorp Basin were investigated to recognize their composition, provenance, and tectonic setting. Ninety-two samples of sandstones from exploration wells E-AH1, E-AJ1, E-BA1, E-BB1, and E-D3 were investigated using both petrographic and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Petrographic studies based on quantitative investigation of the detrital framework grain shows that the Bredasdorp sandstones chiefly consist of quartz (52.2–68.0%), feldspar (10.0–18.0%), and lithic fragments (5.0–10.2%). These sandstones are mostly fine grained, moderately well-sorted, and subrounded to rounded. The modal composition data shows that the sandstones could be classified as subarkosic arenite and lithic arkose. Such a composition of the sandstones perhaps indicates the interplay of pulses of fast uplift of the source area and rapid subsidence of the Bredasdorp Basin, with subsequent periods of calmness within the transgressive-regressive sequence in a rift tectonic regime.