Advanced Micropaleontology Pradeep K. Kathal, Rajiv Nigam & Abu Talib (Editors) Scientific Publishers (India), 2017, 71-81 pp.

Integrated Benthic Foraminiferal and Ammonite Biostratigraphy of Middle to Late Sediments of Keera Dome, Kachchh, Western India

Abu Talib1*, Sreepat Jain2 and Roohi Irshad1 1Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India 2Department of Applied Geology, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Oromia, Ethiopia *Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Early to Middle foraminiferal assemblages are tagged with precise ammonite occurrences for the first time from the Jurassic sediments of Chari Formation exposed at Keera Dome, Kachchh, Western India, with precise dating and marking of the Callovo-Oxfordian boundary. Four ammonite zones and nine subzones are correlated with seven foraminiferal zones, enabling accurate and reliable regional biostratigraphic analysis. Such integrated work will lead to precise dating of the otherwise hard-to-date foraminiferal assemblages from Kachchh.

Keywords: Benthic foraminifera, Ammonites, Biostratigraphy, Keera Dome, Kachchh, Western India

INTRODUCTION Krishna and Westermann, 1985, 1987; Bhaumik et al., 1993; Krishna and Cariou, Kachchh is well known for its prolific 1990, 1993; Callomon, 1993; Pandey and ammonite records (Waagen, 1873-75; Callomon, 1995; Datta et al., 1996; Jain et Spath, 1924, 1927-33; Singh et al., 1982; al., 1996; Jain and Pandey, 1997, 2000; 72 Advanced Micropaleontology

Jain, 1997, 1998, 2002; Krishna and Ojha, Hence, it is imperative that an 1996, 2000; Shome and Bardhan, 2005, attempt be made to identify and establish 2007, 2009; Roy et al., 2007; Krishna et marker Jurassic foraminiferal species (at al., 2009a, b; Bardhan et al., 2010, 2011; least on a regional scale) and integrate the Rai and Jain, 2012). However, rich forami- foraminiferal biozones with the available niferal occurrences have been recently high resolution ammonite zonal data to recorded from the Kachchh Jurassics make the former more useful for biostrati- (Bhalla and Abbas, 1978; Bhalla and graphic applications. The present study is, thus, an attempt in this direction. A well Talib, 1991; Pandey and Dave, 1993; Gaur exposed Kachchh Jurassic outcrop (Keera and Talib, 2009; Alhussein, 2014; Talib et Dome) was selected for this purpose (Fig. al., 2016; Bhat et al., 2016) but only a few 1). Another reason for this selection is the biostratigraphic studies using foramini- fact that this dome has also been extens- fera have been carried out so far. An integ- ively studied for its ammonite content and ration of foraminiferal and ammonite data thus, has a well established and dated am- may provide more accurate and reliable monite biozonation (Prasad, 1993, 1998; results in biostratigraphic analysis of the Krishna et al., 1998; Krishna and Ojha, Jurassic sediments of Kachchh. 1996, 2000; SJ, personal observation).

Fig. 1. Geological Map of Kachchh showing the study area (after: Fürsich et al., 1991) Integrated Benthic Foraminiferal and Ammonite Biostratigraphy of Middle... 73

The Jurassic rocks of Kachchh are the Late Bathonian marker Macrocepha- grouped into four formations, viz., lites triangularis Spath (Prasad, 1998), Patcham, Chari, Katrol, and Umia, in indicative of late Bathonian age. ascending order (Waagen, 1873-75). The The Chari Formation in this area, Keera Dome displays sediments from the which is the subject of the present study, Chari to Katrol formations. However, the is grouped into four informal members, presence of Patcham Formation at the viz., A, B, C, and D. These are further base of the section is controversial divided into seven lithounits designated as (Prasad, 1998). Here, it must be mentio- ned that the basal few meters of lithounits Kr-1 to Kr-7 in ascending order sediments, viz., Friable Sandstones (see (Fig. 2). The Katrol Formation is devoid of also Prasad, 1998) has not been sampled foraminifera and, therefore, not included but have yielded fragmentary specimens of in the present study.

Fig.2. Litholog of the studied sequence at Keera Dome, Kachchh showing the ammonite occurrences and standard ammonite zones 74 Advanced Micropaleontology

Fig.3. Frequency of foramininiferal species and correlation of foraminiferal and ammonite biozones, Keera Dome, Kachchh (SJ*: The ammonite biozones are based on the observations by one of us (SJ). The present biozonation also incorporates previous works by Prasad 1993, 1998; Krishna et al., 1988 and Krishna and Ojha 1996, 2000 with field inputs from Late J. H. Callomon, United Kingdom, to SJ.).

FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY to establish marker foraminiferal species with biostratigraphic utility in the Indian The foraminiferal assemblages region but with little success (Pandey and recovered from Keera Dome comprises of Dave, 1993; Talib and Bhalla, 2006; Talib thirty species (Fig. 3). All the species et al., 2007, Talib and Gaur, 2008). recovered are illustrated with a systematic Interestingly, only one species of the account of the species reported for the first present assemblages, Vaginulina inspis- time from Indian region in a separate sata appears to be globally restricted publication (Talib et al., 2012). However, within two stages, i.e., Callovian and most are long ranging and hence, Oxfordian (Fig. 4) but a number of other unsuitable for precise dating (Fig. 4). In species show short ranges within the recent years some workers have attempted Indian region, essentially confined to Integrated Benthic Foraminiferal and Ammonite Biostratigraphy of Middle... 75

Callovian and Oxfordian stages (Fig. 5). the world, an attempt is made here to Therefore, on the basis of these species, mark the Callovo-Oxfordian boundary viz., Ammobaculites aff. A. hagni, within the studied sequence. Triplasia emslandensis, Laevidentalina Species identified as characteristic of gümbeli, Nodosaria aff. N. biloculina, N. Callovian in the present assemblages simplex, Lenticulina varians, Astacolus include Pseudonodosaria sowerbyi and puperatus, Citharina entypomatus, Epistomina mosquensis. Pseudonodosaria Citharinella rhomboidea, Vaginulina sowerbyi is restricted to Callovian in the inspissata, and Epistomina stellicostata, a Indian region and occurs in Lithounit Kr- Callovian to Oxfordian age is suggested for 3. Epistomina mosquensis is known for its the sequence at Keera Dome. long range globally but in Kachchh On the basis of a few short ranging Pandey and Dave (1993) and in Iran species in the present assemblages (Kalantari, 1969) considered it a represe- restricted to a single stage as well as some ntative Callovian species, its last appear- species although long ranging but ance is in Lithounit Kr-6. In view of the frequently reported from Callovian or above, it may be inferred that Lithounits Oxfordian strata from different parts of Kr-1 to Kr-6 belong to Callovian.

Fig.4. Global ranges of the foraminiferal species recovered from Keera Dome, Kachchh. 76 Advanced Micropaleontology

Fig.5. Indian ranges of the foraminiferal species recovered from Keera Dome, Kachchh.

Representative Oxfordian species more refined and ammonite-constrained recognized in the present assemblages is assemblage-based current benthic forami- Vaginulinopsis aff. V. enodis. Vaginuli- niferal biozones (Fig. 3). These are: nopsis enodis ranges from Callovian to 1. Barren Zone - No foraminifers: This Oxfordian in India but Kalantari (1969) zone includes Lithounit Kr-1 and is regarded it as representative of Oxfordian devoid of foraminifera. This is equiva- in Iran. This species is, therefore, rega- lent to the Diadematus subzone of rded as representative of Oxfordian in this middle Early Callovian age. region and on this basis Lithounit Kr-7 is 2. Planularia tricarinella-Lenticulina considered as belonging to Oxfordian. The quenstedti Assemblage Zone: Includes Callovian/Oxfordian boundary, consequen- Lithounit Kr-2. Apart from zonal tly, lies between lithounits Kr-6 and Kr-7. name species it includes Laeviden- The broad foraminiferal biozones talina guembeli, Spirillina polygyrata, erected for the Kachchh Basin by Pandey Citharina zaglobensis and Lenticulina and Dave (1993) are compared with the nodosa. This Zone has an early Integrated Benthic Foraminiferal and Ammonite Biostratigraphy of Middle... 77

Middle Callovian age and is 6. Epistomina mosquensis-Planularia equivalent to Anceps subzone. tricarinella Assemblage Zone: This 3. Spirillina polygyrata-Planularia tri- zone encompasses Lithounit Kr-6 and carinella Assemblage Zone: Incorpor- apart from the zonal name species ates Lithounit Kr-3 and includes includes Spirillina polygyrata, Lenti- Laevidentalina gümbeli, Lenticulina culina quenstedti, and Epistomina alveolata. This zone is equivalent to quenstedti, Citharina zaglobensis, Athleta Zone of Late Callovian age. Lenticulina nodosa, Nodosaria simp- lex, Lenticulina subalata, Pseudono- 7. Citharina zaglobensis-Planularia tric- dosaria sowerbyi, Astacolus anceps, arinella Assemblage Zone: Incorpor- Epistomina mosquensis, Citharina ates Lithounit Kr-7 and along with entypomatus, Astacolus pauperatus, zonal name species includes Laevid- Epistomina stellicostata, Vinelloidea entalina gümbeli, Lenticulina quenst- aff. V. bigoti, and Nodosaria aff. N. edti, L. subalata, Astacolus anceps, biloculina, in addition to zonal name Citharinella rhomboidea, Vaginulino- species. This zone is equivalent to the psis aff. V. enodis, and Vaginulina inspissata. This zone is correlated Eucyclum subzone of upper early with Helenae-Maya ammonite Zone of Middle Callovian age. Early to Middle Oxfordian age. 4. Ammobaculites alaskensis-Triplasia emslandensis Assemblage Zone: Includes Lithounit Kr-4. Along with AMMONITE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY the zonal name species, this zone The present ammonite biostratigr- includes Planularia tricarinella, Spir- aphy of the Keera Dome is based on data illina polygyrata, Lenticulina quenste- from Prasad (1993, 1998), Krishna et al. dti, Lenticulina subalata, Ammobacu- (1998) and Krishna and Ojha (1996, 2000) lites aff. A. hagni, Ammobaculites sp., along with field observations by one of us Triplasia althoffi jurassica, Lenticu- (SJ) and Late J. H. Callomon, United lina varians, Lagenammina pseudo- Kingdom. (personal communication). Four difflugiformis and Reophax sterkii. ammonite zones and nine subzones are This zone is assigned a middle Middle identified here spanning Early Callovian Callovian age as it is equivalent to to Middle Oxfordian (Fig. 3). The oldest Singulare subzone. ammonite appearing at the bottom of the 5. Ammobaculites alaskensis-Triplasia sequence in Lithounit Kr-1 is Macro- althoffi jurassica Assemblage Zone: cephalites madagascariensis indicating This zone includes Lithounit Kr-5. In Early Callovian age while the last ammo- addition to zonal name species it nite which occurs at the top of Lithounit includes Triplasia emslandensis, Kr-7 is Perisphinctes (Kranaosphinctes) Lenticulina varians, Lagenammina kranaus suggesting Middle Oxfordian age pseudodifflugiformis, Reophax sterkii, and indicating an Early Callovian to Haplophragmium aequale, and Middle Oxfordian interval for the studied Ammobaculites coprolithiformis. It is sequence. equivalent to Kleidos subzone of late Thus, the age suggested by Middle Callovian age. foraminiferal assemblages is less refined 78 Advanced Micropaleontology but does support the larger stage age ranging representative foraminiferal inferred by ammonites (Callovian and species that are confined to Callovian Oxfordian) (Fig. 3). and Oxfordian stages. These include The ammonite Macrocephalites form- Ammobaculites hagni, Triplasia osus spans the entire Early Callovian emslandensis, Laevidentalina duration and forms the first ammonite gümbeli, Nodosaria biloculina, N. zone divisible into three subzones: Madag- simplex, Lenticulina varians, ascariensis, Diadematus and Semilaevis Astacolus pauperatus, Vaginulinopsis dominated by M. madagascariensis, M. enodis, Citharina entypomatus, diadematus and M. semilaevis, Citharinella rhomboidea, Vaginulina respectively. inspissata, and Epistomina The presence of (Reinec- stellicostata. Pseudonodosaria keia) anceps marks the beginning of sowerbyi and Epistomina mosquensis Middle Callovian and the Anceps Zone as are considered as representative of such is divisible into four subzones: Callovian and Vaginulinopsis enodis Anceps, Eucyclum, Singulare and Kleidos of Oxfordian in the Kachchh region. dominated by Reineckeia (R.) anceps, All these are likely to be useful for Eucycloceras eucyclum, Idiocycloceras sin- biostratigraphic studies in this region. gulare, and Sivajiceras kleidos, 2. Based on ammonite data, the Jurassic respectively. sequence exposed at Keera Dome, The Late Callovian Athleta Zone is Kachchh, Western India is dated from divisible into two subzones - Athelta Early Callovian to Middle Oxfordian. (dominated by Peltoceras athleta) and The foraminiferal assemblages Lelandeanum (Pachyceras lelandeanum). indicate a slightly less accurate but The Oxfordian Helenae-Maya Zone is almost similar age range - from divisible into four subzones namely Semi- Callovian to Oxfordian. Both the rugosum (Peltoceras semirugosum), Maya ammonite and foraminiferal data (Mayaites maya), Helenae [Perisphinctes suggest the placement of the Callovo- (Kranaosphinctes) helenae] and Kranaus Oxfordian boundary between [Perisphinctes (Kranaosphinctes) kranaus]. Lithounits Kr-6 and Kr-7. The occurrence of Pachyceras lelandeanum in the topmost beds of Lithounit Kr-6 3. Four ammonite Zones and nine indicates a Late Callovian age and of subzones are correlated with seven Peltoceras (Peltoceras) semirugosum in the foraminiferal Zones. This correlation lowermost beds of the overlying Lithounit has yielded a considerably more Kr-7, an Early Oxfordian age. refined foraminiferal biozonation than The Callovo-Oxfordian boundary, any one proposed so far for the therefore, lies between lithounits Kr-6 and Kachchh Jurassics. The ammonite 7 for the present study. biostratigraphy, as put forward by Prasad (1998), well reflects field CONCLUSION observations. 4. The correlation of foraminiferal and The present study concludes: ammonite zones provides an accurate 1. The study helped in the identification and refined resolution to foraminiferal of a number of relatively short biozones making them more useful for Integrated Benthic Foraminiferal and Ammonite Biostratigraphy of Middle... 79

biostratigraphic work. This integrated sus from the Jurassic Chari Formation, approach is the way forward for doing Kutch, Western India. J. Geol. Soc. India, foraminiferal biostratigraphy in v.42, pp.163-179. Kachchh Jurassics as well as globally. BISWAS, S.K. (1991) Stratigraphy and sedime- ntary evolution of the Mesozoic Basin of Acknowledgements: We thank the Kutch, West India: In: TONDON, S.K., Chairman, Department of Geology, PANT,C. C., and CASSHYAP, S.M. (eds.), Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, Sedimentary Basins of India: Tectonic for providing various facilities. Logistic context, pp.74-103, Gyanodaya Prakashan. support during the field work provided by CALLOMON, J. H. (1993) On Perisphinctes the district authorities of Kachchh, congener Waagen, 1875, and the age of the Gujarat and P.H. Bhatti is gratefully Patcham in the of Jumara, Kutch, India. Geol. Blätt. Nord.- acknowledged. Bayer., v.43, pp.227-246. REFERENCES DATTA, K., BHAUMIK, D., JANA, S.K. and BARDHAN, S. (1996). Age, ontogeny and ALHUSSEIN, M. (2014) Taxonomy of the dimorphism of Macrocephalites triangu- Middle Jurassic benthic foraminifera of the laris Spath- the oldest Macrocephalitid Kachchh basin, Western India. Beringeria, Ammonite from Kutch, India Jour. Geol. v.44, pp.51-97. Soc. India, v.47, pp.447-458. BARDHAN, S., DUTTA, R., CHANDA, P. and FÜRSICH, F.T., OCHMANN, W., JAITLY, MALLICK, S. (2011) Systematic revision A.K. and SINGH, I.B. (1991) Faunal and sexual dimorphism in Choffatia response to transgressive-regressive cycles: (: ) from the examples from the Jurassic of western Callovian of Kutch, India. Palaeoworld, India. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeo- v.21, pp.29-49. ecol. v.85, pp.149-159. BARDHAN, S., JANA, S., and ROY, P. (2010) GAUR, K.N. and TALIB, A. (2009) Middle- Sexual dimorphism and polymorphism in a Upper Jurassic foraminifera from Jumara Callovian Phlycticeras (Ammonoidea) asse- Hills, Kutch, India. Rev. Micropaleontol., mblage in Kutch, India. Geobios, v.43, v.52, pp. 227-248. pp.269-281. JAIN, S. (1997) On the earliest occurrence of BHALLA, S.N. and ABBAS, S.M. (1978) Genus Phlycticeras Hyatt in Kachchh, Jurassic foraminifera from Kutch, India. Western India. J. Geol. Soc. India, v.49, Micropaleontology, v.24, pp.60-209. pp.75-80. BHALLA, S.N. and TALIB, A. (1991) Callo- JAIN, S. (1998) On some new discoveries of vian-Oxfordian foraminifera from Jhurio subfamily Bullatimorphatinae from the hill, Kutch, Western India. Rev. Paléobiol., Lower Chari sediments of Kachchh, W. v.10, pp.85-114. India. J. Geol. Soc. India, v.43, pp.107-118. BHAT, B.A., TALIB, A. and WASIM, S.M. JAIN, S. (2002) Middle Jurassic Ammonite (2016) Systematics, age, paleoecology and Biozonation in Western India: global impli- paleobiogeography of Jurassic foraminifra cations. Geol. Soc. America Ann. Meet., from Fakirwari Dome, Kutch, Gujarat, Colorado, Paper No.141-10, p.34. India. Micropal. v.62, pp.171-194. JAIN, S. and PANDEY, D.K. (1997). Revision BHAUMIK, D., DATTA, K., JANA, S.K. and of the age of heteromorph ammonite BARDHAN, S. (1993) Taxonomy and intra- Parapatoceras from Kachchh, Western specific variation of Macrocephalites formo- India. J. Pal. Soc. India, v.42, pp.133-139. 80 Advanced Micropaleontology

JAIN, S. and PANDEY, D.K. (2000) Middle Kachchh, Western India. Proc. II Int. Jurassic Ammonite Biozonation in Symp. Jur. Strat., 1989, pp.383-394. Kachchh, western India. Bull. Ind. Geol. KRISHNA, J., PANDEY, B. and OJHA, J.R. Assoc., v.33, pp.1-12. (2009a) Gregoryceras in the Oxfordian of JAIN, S., CALLOMON, J.H. and PANDEY, Kachchh (India): Diverse eventful D.K. (1996) On the earliest known occur- implications. Geobios, v.42, pp.197-208. rence of the Middle Jurassic ammonite KRISHNA, J., PANDEY, B. and PATHAK, genus Reineckeia in the Late Bathonian of D.B. (2009b) Characterization of Dichotom- Jumara, Kachchh, Western India. oceras in the Oxfordian of Kachchh. J. Paläontol. Zeitsch., v.70, pp.129-143. Geol. Soc. India, v.74, pp.469-479. KALANTARI, A. (1969) Foraminifera from the PANDEY, D.K. and CALLOMON, J.H. (1995) Middle Jurassic- successions of Contribution to the Jurassic of Kachchh, Koppet-Dagh Region (N.E. Iran). Nat. Western India. III. The Middle Bathonian Iran. Oil Co., Geol. Lab., Publ. No. 3, pp.1- ammonite families Clydoniceratidae and 298. Perisphinctidae from Pachchham Island. KRISHNA, J. and CARIOU. E. (1990) Ammo- Beringeria, v.16, pp.125-145. niod faunal exchanges during Early Callo- PANDEY, J. and DAVE, A. (1993) Studies in vian between the Indo-East African and Mesozoic foraminifera and chronostratigr- Submediterranean Provinces: implication aphy of Western Kutch, Gujarat. Paleonto- for the long distance east-west correlation. graphica Indica, no.1, pp.1-221. Newslet. Strat., v.23, pp.109-122. PRASAD, S. (1993) A note on the Middle KRISHNA J. and CARIOU, E. (1993) The Jurassic stratigraphic succession of Keera, Tethyan Macrocephalitinae: evolutionary Kachchh District, Gujarat. J. Geol. Soc. environmental and dispersal strategies. India, v.41, pp.156-161. Geobios, v.15, pp.217-226. PRASAD, S. (1998) Ammonite Biozonation of KRISHNA, J. and OJHA, J.R. (1996) The the Middle-Late Jurassic sediments with Callovian Ammonoid chronology in special reference to Keera and Jara, Kachchh, W. India. GeoRes. Forum, v.1-2, Kachchh district, Gujarat. J. Geol. Soc. pp.151-165. India, v.52, pp.25-40. KRISHNA, J. and OJHA, J.R. (2000) The intr- RAI, J, and JAIN, S. (2012) Early Jurassic abasinal correlation in the Middle Jurassic Gondwanaland Break up - A nannofossil Callovian Stage of Kachchh (Gujarat) and Story. DST Sponsored Field Workshop and Ammonoids-Foraminifer integration. Brainstorming Session on ‘Geology of Geophytology, v.28, pp.101-120. Kachchh Basin, Western India: Present KRISHNA, J. and WESTERMANN, G.E.G. Status and Future Perspectives’, 2012, (1985) Progress report on the Middle Kachchh University, Bhuj, Kachchh Jurassic ammonite zones of Kachchh, W. (Abstract). India. Newslet. Strat., v.14, pp.1-11. ROY, P., BARDHAN, S., MITRA, A. and KRISHNA, J. and WESTERMANN, G.E.G. JANA, S.K. (2007) New Bathonian (Middle (1987) The faunal associations of the Jurassic) ammonite assemblages from Middle Jurassic ammonite genus Macroce- Kutch, India, J. Asian Earth Sci., v.30, phalites in Kachchh, Western India. Can- pp.629-651. ad. Jour. Earth Sci., v.24, pp.1570-1582. SHOME, S. and BARDHAN, S. (2005) Record KRISHNA, J., CARIOU, E. and ENAY, R. of a new species of Erymnoceras Hyatt, (1998) Succession of Macrocephalitinae 1900 (Ammonoidea) from the Middle Jura- assemblages as revealed at Keera in ssic of eastern Kutch and its stratigraphic Integrated Benthic Foraminiferal and Ammonite Biostratigraphy of Middle... 81

and evolutionary significance. J. Asian lage from Chari Formation, Jhurio hill, Earth Sci., v.25, pp.679-685. Kutch. Ind. Jour. Pet. Geol., v.15, pp.67-81. SHOME, S. and BARDHAN, S. (2007) Genus TALIB, A. and GAUR, K.N. (2008) Forami- Himalayites (ammonoidea) from the Upper niferal composition and age of the Chari Tithonian of Spiti Himalaya - a systematic Formation, Jumara Dome, Kutch. Curr. revision of Uhlig’s (1910) material. J. Pal. Sci., v.95: pp.367-373. Soc. India, v.52, pp.217-224. TALIB, A., GAUR, K.N. and BHALLA, S.N. SHOME, S. and BARDHAN, S. (2009) A New (2007) Callovian-Oxfordian boundary in Late Tithonian ammonite assemblage from Kutch Mainland, India-A foraminiferal Kutch, Western India. J. Pal. Soc. India, approach. Rev. Paléobiol., v.26, pp.625-630. v.54, pp.1-18. TALIB, A., GAUR, K.N., SISODIA, A.K., SINGH, C.S.P., JAITLY, A.K. and PANDEY, BHAT, B.A. and IRSHAD, R. (2012) Fora- D.K. (1982) First report of some Bajocian- minifera from Jurassic sediments of Keera Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ammonoids, Dome, Kutch. J. Geol. Soc. India, v.80, and age of the oldest sediments from pp.667-675. Kachchh (Gujarat), India. Newslet. Strat., TALIB, A., WASIM, S.M., SABEEHA AND v.11, pp.37-40. ARKAN, M. (2016). Jurassic foraminifera SPATH, L.F. (1924) On the Blacke collection of from the Dharang Member, Habo Forma- ammonites from Kutch, India. Palaeoontol. tion, Habo dome, Kutch, India: systema- Indica, New Sr. 9, Mem.2. tics, age, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeog- SPATH, L.F. (1927-33) Revision of the Jurassic raphy. J. Syst. Palaeontol., pp.1-24 fauna of Kachh (Cutch): Mem. (online). Geol. Surv. Ind. Palaeontol. Indica, New WAAGEN, W. (1873-75) Jurassic fauna of Ser. 9, Mem. 2, pp.1-945. Kutch. The Cephalopoda: Mem. Geol. Surv. TALIB, A. and BHALLA, S.N. (2006) Compos- Ind., Palaeontologica Indica, New Series ition and age of the foraminiferal assemb- 914, pp.1- 247.