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G. Arthur Cooper G. ARTHUR COOPER SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY • NUMBER 65 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.' This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropotogy Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the h/larine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the worid. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. Rot>ert McC. Adams Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY • NUMBER 65 Jurassic Brachiopods of Saudi Arabia G. Arthur Cooper SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1989 ABSTRACT Cooper, G. Arthur. Jurassic Brachiopods of Saudi Arabia. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, number 65, 213 pages, 48 figures, 37 plates, 1989.—No sUidies in depth have been made of the brachiopods from the Jurassic deposits of Saudi Arabia. This first study of the brachiopods from this important region is based mainly on a collection presented to the Smithsonian Institution by the Arabian-American Oil Company (Aramco). In addition, the study includes collections made by Drs. P.M. Kier and E.G. Kauffman of the Smithsonian Institution and R.W. Powers, CD. Redmond and H.A. MacClure of the Arabian-American Oil Company. Sixty-one genera are described of which 29 are new. Of these 13 rhynchonellid genera are new: Amydroptychus. Baeorhynchia, Colpotoria. Conarosia, Deltarynchia, Echyrosia, Eurysites, Heteromychus, Lirellarina, Nastasia, Pycnoria, Schizoria, and Strongyloria. Other described genera are: Burmirhynchla Buckman, 1917, Cymatorhynchia Buckman, 1917, Daghanirhynchia Muir-Wood, 1935, Gibbirhynchia Buckman, 1917, Globlrhynchla Buckman, 1917, Kallirhynchia Buckman, 1917, Kutchirhynchia Buckman, 1917, Somalirhynchia Weir, 1925, Sphenorhynchla Buckman, 1917, and Torquirhynchia Childs, 1969. Of Spiriferinacea, one genus, Calyptorla, is new and two genera are described: Liospiriferina Rouselle, 1977, and Spiriferina d'Orbigny, 1847. The Terebratulacea are represented by 11 new genera: Arabatia. Arabicella, Arapsopleurum. Arapsothyrls. Dissoria. Ectyphoria, Pionopleurum, Pleuraloma. Stenorina. Tanyothyris, and Toxonelasma. Seventeen described terebratulaceans are Apatecosia Cooper, 1983, Avonothyrisl Buckman, 1917, Bihenithyris Muir-Wood, 1935, Dolichobrochus Cooper, 1983, Dorsoplicathyris? Almeras, 1971, Glyphisaria? Cooper, 1983, Gyrosina? Cooper, 1983, Habrobrochus Cooper, 1983, Kutchithyris? Buckman, 1917, Loboidothyris? Buckman, 1917, Orthotoma Quenstedt, 1869, Plectothyris? Buckman, 1917, Pseudowattonithyris? Almeras, 1971, Somalithyris Muir-Wood, 1935; Sphaeroidothyris Buckman, 1917, Stiphrothyris? Buckman, 1917, and Striithyris Muir-Wood, 1935. The Zeilleriacea include four new genera: Apothyris, Mycerosia. Sphriganaria and Xenorina. Described zeilleriids are Flabellothyris Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1884, Rugitela Muir-Wood, 1936, andZeilleria Bayle, 1878. A total of 166 species are described and 25 lots are identifiable as species. Pseudoglossothyris? sulcata Muir-Wood, 1935, from Somaliland (Somali Republic) is shown to be a zeilleriid, and the species is herein transferred to Aulacothyris. Eudesia cardioides Douville, 1916, is herein transferred to the new genus Sphriganaria. The Liassic Marrat Formation abounds in spiriferinids. The Dhruma Formation (Bajocian to Callovian) is rich in rhynchonellids which dwindle in numbers in late Dhruma beds. The overlying Tuwaiq Mountain and Hanifa formations (Callovian to Kimmeridgian) are conspicuous for the large numbers of terebratulaceans which far outnumber the rhynchonellids. Correlation with Jurassic sequences near and far is difficult because of the high degree of endemism shown by the Saudi Arabian brachiopods. Precise correlation with British and European faunas is not now possible. Relationships with the Jurassic faunas of the Sinai, Israel and East Africa in the Callovian is suggested by the presence of two species in common and generic representation shown by Daghanirhynchia, Somalirhynchia. Bihenithyris. Somalithyris, and Striithyris. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The trilobite Phacops rana Green. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cooper, G. Arthur (Gustav Arthur), 1902- Jurassic brachiopods of Saudi Arabia. (Smithsonian contributions to paleobiology ; no. 65) Bibliography: p. SupL of Docs, no.: SI 1.30:65 1. Brachiopoda, Fossil. 2. Paleontology—Jurassic. 3. Paleontology—Saudi Arabia. I. Title. II. Series. QE701.S56 no.65 560 s [564'.8] 88-600170 [QE796] Contents Page Introduction 1 The Collection 1 Previous Work 1 Acknowledgments 1 The Jurassic System in Saudi Arabia 2 Formations 2 Marrrat Formation 5 Dhruma Formation 5 Tuwaiq Mountain Formation 5 Hanifa Formation 5 Ammonite Zones 5 Correlation 6 List of Species Described from Saudi Arabia 6 Superfamily RHYNCHONELLACEA Gray, 1848 9 Family RHYNCHONELLIDAE Gray, 1848 9 Subfamily TETRARHYNCHHNAE Ager, 1965 9 Amydroptychus. new genus 10 Baeorhynchia. new genus 12 Burmirhynchla Buckman, 1917 15 Colpotoria. new genus 18 Conarosia. new genus 20 Cymatorhynchia Buckman, 1917 26 Daghanirhynchia Muir-Wood, 1935 26 Deltarhynchia, new genus 29 Echyrosia. new genus 30 Eurysites, new genus 32 Gibbirhynchia Buckman, 1917 34 Globirhynchia Buckman, 1917 39 Heteromychus. new genus 41 Kallirhynchia Buckman, 1917 45 Kutchirhynchia Buckman, 1917 47 Lirellarina, new genus 49 Nastosia, new genus 50 Pycnoria, new genus 51 Schizoria, new genus 54 Somalirhynchia Weir, 1925 58 Sphenorhynchla Buckman, 1917 60 Strongyloria, new genus 63 Torquirhynchia Childs, 1969 64 Rhynchonellacean Genus and Species Undetermined 65 Superfamily SPIRIFERINACEA Davidson, 1884 65 Family SPIRIFERINIDAE Davidson, 1884 65 Calyptoria, new genus 65 Liospiriferina Rouselle, 1977 67 Spiriferina d'Orbigny, 1847 67 in iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Superfamily TEREBRATULACEA Gray, 1840 68 Supra-generic Hierarchy of Saudi Arabian Terebratulacea 68 Family ORTHOTOMIDAE Muir-Wood, 1936 69 Orthotoma Quenstedt, 1869 69 Family TEREBRATULIDAE Gray, 1840 69 Apatecosia Cooper, 1983 69 Arabatia, new genus 70 Arabicella, new genus 70 Arapsopleurum, new genus 73 Arapsothyrls. new genus 74 Avonothyris Buckman, 1917 75 Bihenithyris Muir-Wood, 1935 75 Dolichobrochus Cooper, 1983 78 Dorsoplicathyris Almeras, 1971 79 Ectyphoria, new genus 79 Glyphisaria Cooper, 1983 81 Gyrosina Cooper, 1983 81 Habrobrochus Cooper, 1983 82 Loboidothyris Buckman, 1917 82 Pionopleurum. new genus 83 Plectothyris Buckman, 1917 84 Pleuraloma, new genus 84 Pseudowattonithyris Almeras, 1971 88 Somalithyris Muir-Wood, 1935 88 Sphaeroidothyris Buckman, 1917 90 Stenorina, new genus 91 Stiphrothyris Buckman, 1917 93 Striithyris Muir-Wood, 1935 93 Tanyothyris. new genus 94 Toxonelasma. new genus 95 Family Uncertain 97 Dissoria, new genus 97 Kutchithyris Buckman, 1917 98 Terebratulacean Genus and Species Undetermined 99 Superfamily ZEILLERIACEA Allan, 1940 100 Supra-generic Hierarchy of the Saudi Arabian Zeilleriacea 100 Family EUDESIIDAE Muir-Wood, 1965 100 Apothyris, new genus 101 Sphriganaria, new genus 102 Xenorina, new genus 115 Family ZEILLERIIDAE Allan, 1940 117 Flabellothyris E. Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1884 117 Mycerosia. new genus 117 Rugitela Muir-Wood, 1936 118 Zeilleria Bayle, 1878 119 Appendix I: Station Numbers by Formation and Zone 120 Appendix II: Localities with Faunal Lists 121 Appendix III: Faunal Lists by Formations 132 Literature Cited 136 Plates 139 Jurassic Brachiopods of Saudi Arabia G. Arthur Cooper Introduction were determined by Stoliczka (Mollet, 1971) as resembling THE COLLECTION.—The brachiopods on which this mono­ Upper Jurassic forms. Newton and Crick (1908) next described graph is based were collected by field geologists of the Jurassic fossils collected by Major H.S. Hazelgrove from north Arabian-American Oil Company (Aramco) and by P.M. Kier of Aden. The first Jurassic fossils to be described from central and
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