DOCSLIB.ORG

Family Tetillidae Sollas, 1886

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Family Tetillidae Sollas, 1886 Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges, Edited by John N.A. Hooper and Rob W.M. Van Soest © Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2002 Family Tetillidae Sollas, 1886 Rob W.M. Van Soest1 & Klaus Rutzler2 'Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94766, 1090 GT, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ([email protected]) ^ National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC. 20560, U.S.A. ([email protected]) Tetillidae Sollas (Demospongiae, Spirophorida) are for the most part globular sponges ('golf ball' sponges) belonging to a small order on account of their possession of sigmaspire microscleres and triaene megascleres. The characteristic megasclere is the protriaene, which is found in most members of the family with very few exceptions. In addition there are long oxeas and frequently anatriaenes, rarely also calthrops or amphitriaenes. The skeletal architecture is strictly radial. Eight valid genera are recognized, differentiated by presence of cor- tical structures, specialized pore-sieves, and composition of the spicule complement. Tetillids are common and ubiquitous sponges in all oceans and at all depths. Keywords: Porifera; Demospongiae; Spirophorida; Tetillidae; Acanthotetilla; Amphitethya; Cinachyra; Cinachyrella; Craniella; Fangophilina; Paratetilla; Tetilla. DEFINITION, DIAGNOSIS, SCOPE megascleres). The family comprises more than one hundred species distributed over all oceans and habitats. Synonymy Biology [Lophurellidae] Gray, 1872a. [Casuladae] Gray, 1872a. [Tethyina] Carter, 1875b (not Tethyadae Gray, 1848). Tetillidae Tetillids have a preference for sedimented habitats and some Sollas, 1886a. Tethyopsillidae Lendenfeld, 1903. Tethydae species possess a root of long spicule bundles to attach them to the Lendenfeld, 1907. Ectyonillidae Ferrer-Hernandez, 1914a. substrate. Reproductive patterns range from the extrusion of fertilized Craniellidae de Laubenfels, 1936a. eggs, which fix to the substrate and develop directly, to incubation of complete young sponges which are then expelled by localised Definition breakdown of the pinacoderm. No free larvae have yet been described. Spirophorida with sigmaspire microscleres and a radiate skeleton of triaenes and oxeas. Remarks Diagnosis Gray (1867a) included sponges of this group under the genus name Tethya in a larger Tethyadae comprising a wide range of Typically with spherical growth form, often with characteristic tetractinomorph genera. Carter (1875b) was the first to distinguish pits called porocalices containing the inhalant and occasionally also a separate group (subfamily) for tetillids, but like Gray called the exhalant orifices. Cortical region often strengthened by collagen group Tethyina. The explanation for this is that at that time there fibers and special cortical megascleres, but this region may be thin was still a great confusion over the identity of Tethya. Lamarck or absent in several genera. Skeleton with tetraxonic and monaxonic (1815) included in his genus Tethya next to T lyncurium megascleres (triaenes, huge oxeas) organized in a radiate pattern of ( = T aurantium) and others, Tethya cranium (Miiller, 1789 as spicule bundles, often spiralling outwards from the centre of the Alcyonium). Carter was aware of the great difference between the body; oxeas, protriaenes and anatriaenes are most common and type of Tethya (i.e., T lyncurium) and T cranium (see for example these often protrude from the surface producing a conulose or hairy Carter, 1872a), but he ignored Schmidt's (1870) proposal to surface. In sponges provided with porocalices they form a palisade employ a separate genus Craniella for Alcyonium cranium. of long spicules, protruding far beyond the sponge surface, sur- Schmidt (1870) included Craniella in his family Ancorinidae along rounding the porefields or oscular apertures, which lie in rounded with Stelletta and other astrophorid sponges, but Sollas (1886a) depressions. Microscleres are unique contorted microspined sig- revived Carter's Tethyina under a different name by erecting the maspires. Reproduction is oviparous without a larval stage, or family Tetillidae based on Schmidt's (1868) genus Tetilla. In many viviparous with production of young adults within a parent. ways this was an unwise choice of type genus, inspired by some notion that Tetilla would represent the most primitive of tetillid Scope genera. The description of Tetilla euplocamos by Schmidt (1868: 40, pi. V fig. 10) is insufficient to conclude with certainty what its Out of twenty six nominal genera eight are considered valid, properties were. Selenka (1880: 469) thought to recognize Acanthotetilla, Amphitethya, Cinachyra, Cinachyrella, Craniella, Schmidt's species in an intertidal habitat in the Bay of Rio de Fangophilina, Paratetilla, Tetilla. They are differentiated on gross Janeiro, and provided some additional data. Sollas (1888) was able morphological structure (presence or absence of a cortical region, to verify from a Schmidt slide that at least protriaenes were pres- presence or absence of specialized pore areas), and spicule comple- ent, but apparently this species has no sigmaspires (cf. below). ment (possession of calthrops, amphitriaenes or other auxiliary Even though protriaenes are of common occurrence in tetillids, 85 86 Porifera • Demospongiae • Spirophorida • Tetillidae they are by no means confined to that group and we have to rely and Tethyopsillidae was incorrect, since the type of Tetillidae and on the subtle tetilliform protriaene-type as proof that Tetilla genus Tetilla (T euplocamos) has no sigmaspires and thus would euplocamos is a member of what is generally understood as Tetilla belong in Tethyopsillidae, making this family an objective synonym and the Tetillidae. In summary: we have a type species of the type of Tetillidae. De Laubenfels (1936a) for the same reason refused to genus of a family lacking the major synapomorphy of the order to accept Tetilla euplocamos as a close relative of Craniella, and which the family belongs! Some confidence may be obtained from erected a separate family Craniellidae for the genera possessing sig- the fact that Tetilla species lacking sigmaspires are not uncommon. maspires. Tetilla and Tetillidae were defined as 'Choristida lacking Despite this dubious type species designation, Sollas' (1888) mono- microscleres' and an unrelated group of genera was assigned to it. graphic treatment of Tetillidae was followed by most subsequent Needless to say that neither scheme gained general support. authors with the exception of Lendenfeld (1888, 1903, 1907) and de Laubenfels (1936a). Lendenfeld continued to employ Tethya for Previous reviews sponges answering to the definition of Craniella, but at least kept this in the family Tetillidae. He erected a family Tethyopsillidae for Sollas (1888), Lendenfeld (1903), Wilson (1925), Topsent sponges without sigmaspires. Lendenfeld's division into Tetillidae (1928c), Levi (1973), Rutzler (1987). KEY TO GENERA (1) Specialized pore-bearing pits ('porocalices') present 2 No porocalices 6 (2) Spicules include medium-sized heavily spined oxeas ('megacanthoxeas') Acanthotetilla No megacanthoxeas 3 (3) Among the megascleres there are short-shafted triaenes with equal-sized rays (calthrops). N.B. these may have bifid cladi but are not to be confused with long-shafted amphiclads Paratetilla No calthrops, all triaenes - if present - are long-shafted 4 (4) In cross section, there is a clear cortical region with special cortical megascleres (short oxeas) and collagenous reinforcement Cinachyra In cross section there is no discernible peripheral layer different from that of the interior 5 (5) Porocalices all similar, undifferentiated morphologically Cinachyrella Porocalices differentiated into a morphologically distinct inhalant and exhalant type Fangophilina (6) Stalked sponges with differently structured stalk and main body; among the megascleres of the stalk there are triaenes with cladi on both ends (amphitriaenes, -diaenes, -monaenes, collectively called amphiclads) Amphitethya No amphiclads, if stalked, then it is a thin root-like projection, not a proper stiff stalk 7 (7) In cross section, there is a clear cortical region with collageneous reinforcement Craniella In cross section there is no discernible peripheral layer different from that of the interior Tetilla ACANTHOTETILLA BURTON, 1959 Previous review Synonymy Van Soest (1977b). Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959a: 201. Acanthocinachyra Levi, Description of type species 1964b: 386. Acanthotetilla hemisphaerica Burton, 1959a (Fig. 1A-B) Type species Synonymy. Acanthotetilla hemisphaerica Burton, 1959a: 201, fig. 5; Van Soest, 1977b: 2, pi. I figs a-b, pi. II figs c-d, text-fig. 1. Acanthotetilla hemisphaerica Burton, 1959a: 201 (by Material examined. Holotype: BMNH 1936:3:4:530 - John monotypy). Murray Exped. stat. 45, coast of S Arabia, litothamnion bottom, 38 m depth. Definition Description. Semiglobular (Fig. 1 A), 4—5 cm diameter. Colour in alcohol yellowish brown. Surface hispid-bristly due to megascle- Tetillidae with megacanthoxeas as auxiliary megascleres. res projecting 1 mm or more beyond the ectosome. Porocalices numerous, 1-2 mm diameter, scattered over the surface. No appar- Diagnosis ent oscules. Consistency hard, incompressible. Skeleton radiate, forming a tight palisade at the surface. The main megascleres are Globular, hemispherical or irregularly massive sponges. smooth long oxeas and medium-sized megacanthoxeas, but protri- Surface extremely hispid and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 100
    ISSN 0083-7903, 100 (Print) ISSN 2538-1016; 100 (Online) , , II COVER PHOTO. Dictyodendrilla cf. cavernosa (Lendenfeld, 1883) (type species of Dictyodendri/la Bergquist, 1980) (see page 24), from NZOI Stn I827, near Rikoriko Cave entrance, Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve. Photo: Ken Grange, NZOI. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Index to the Fauna 2. Porifera by ELLIOT W. DAWSON N .Z. Oceanographic Institute, Wellington New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 100 1993 • This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Cataloguing in publication DAWSON, E.W. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Index to the Fauna 2. Porifera / by Elliot W. Dawson - Wellington: New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, 1993. (New Zealand Oceanographic Institute memoir, ISSN 0083-7903, 100) ISBN 0-478-08310-6 I. Title II. Series UDC Series Editor Dennis P. Gordon Typeset by Rose-Marie C. Thompson NIWA Oceanographic (NZOI) National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Received for publication: 17 July 1991 © NIWA Copyright 1993 2 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 5 INTRODUCTION 5 SCOPE AND ARRANGEMENT 7 SYSTEMATIC LIST 8 Class DEMOSPONGIAE 8 Subclass Homosclcromorpha ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix: Some Important Early Collections of West Indian Type Specimens, with Historical Notes
    Appendix: Some important early collections of West Indian type specimens, with historical notes Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 between 1841 and 1864, we gain additional information concerning the sponge memoir, starting with the letter dated 8 May 1855. Jacob Gysbert Samuel van Breda A biography of Placide Duchassaing de Fonbressin was (1788-1867) was professor of botany in Franeker (Hol­ published by his friend Sagot (1873). Although an aristo­ land), of botany and zoology in Gent (Belgium), and crat by birth, as we learn from Michelotti's last extant then of zoology and geology in Leyden. Later he went to letter to van Breda, Duchassaing did not add de Fon­ Haarlem, where he was secretary of the Hollandsche bressin to his name until 1864. Duchassaing was born Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, curator of its cabinet around 1819 on Guadeloupe, in a French-Creole family of natural history, and director of Teyler's Museum of of planters. He was sent to school in Paris, first to the minerals, fossils and physical instruments. Van Breda Lycee Louis-le-Grand, then to University. He finished traveled extensively in Europe collecting fossils, especial­ his studies in 1844 with a doctorate in medicine and two ly in Italy. Michelotti exchanged collections of fossils additional theses in geology and zoology. He then settled with him over a long period of time, and was received as on Guadeloupe as physician. Because of social unrest foreign member of the Hollandsche Maatschappij der after the freeing of native labor, he left Guadeloupe W etenschappen in 1842. The two chief papers of Miche­ around 1848, and visited several islands of the Antilles lotti on fossils were published by the Hollandsche Maat­ (notably Nevis, Sint Eustatius, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithistid’ Tetractinellid
    1 Systematics of ‘lithistid’ tetractinellid 2 demosponges from the Tropical Western 3 Atlantic – implications for phylodiversity 4 and bathymetric distribution 1,2 3 4 5 Astrid Schuster , Shirley A. Pomponi , Andrzej Pisera , Paco 5 6 1,7,8 1,8 6 Cardenas´ , Michelle Kelly , Gert Worheide¨ , and Dirk Erpenbeck 1 7 Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, 8 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat¨ M ¨unchen, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, 9 Germany 2 10 Current address: Department of Biology, NordCEE, Southern University of Denmark, 11 Campusvej 55, 5300 M Odense, Denmark 3 12 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 U.S. 1 North, 13 Ft Pierce, FL 34946, USA 4 14 Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 15 Warszawa, Poland 5 16 Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Husargatan 17 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden 6 18 National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric 19 Research, Private Bag 99940, Newmarket, Auckland, 1149, New Zealand 7 20 SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung f ¨urPalaontologie¨ und Geologie, Richard-Wagner 21 Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany 8 22 GeoBio-CenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat¨ M ¨unchen, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 23 80333 Munich, Germany 24 Corresponding author: 1,8 25 Dirk Erpenbeck 26 Email address: [email protected] 27 ABSTRACT PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.27673v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 22 Apr 2019, publ: 22 Apr 2019 28 Background Among all present demosponges, lithistids represent a polyphyletic group with 29 exceptionally well preserved fossils dating back to the Cambrian.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Conservation Society Sponges of The
    MARINE CONSERVATION SOCIETY SPONGES OF THE BRITISH ISLES (“SPONGE V”) A Colour Guide and Working Document 1992 EDITION, reset with modifications, 2007 R. Graham Ackers David Moss Bernard E. Picton, Ulster Museum, Botanic Gardens, Belfast BT9 5AB. Shirley M.K. Stone Christine C. Morrow Copyright © 2007 Bernard E Picton. CAUTIONS THIS IS A WORKING DOCUMENT, AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN SHOULD BE CONSIDERED TO BE PROVISIONAL AND SUBJECT TO CORRECTION. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION IS ESSENTIAL BEFORE IDENTIFICATIONS CAN BE MADE WITH CONFIDENCE. CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 1. History .............................................................................................................. 1 2. “Sponge IV” .................................................................................................... 1 3. The Species Sheets ......................................................................................... 2 4. Feedback Required ......................................................................................... 2 5. Roles of the Authors ...................................................................................... 3 6. Acknowledgements ........................................................................................ 3 GLOSSARY AND REFERENCE SECTION .................................................................... 5 1. Form ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Demosponge Distribution in the Eastern Mediterranean: a NW–SE Gradient
    Helgol Mar Res (2005) 59: 237–251 DOI 10.1007/s10152-005-0224-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Eleni Voultsiadou Demosponge distribution in the eastern Mediterranean: a NW–SE gradient Received: 25 October 2004 / Accepted: 26 April 2005 / Published online: 22 June 2005 Ó Springer-Verlag and AWI 2005 Abstract The purpose of this paper was to investigate total number of species was an exponential negative patterns of demosponge distribution along gradients of function of depth. environmental conditions in the biogeographical subz- ones of the eastern Mediterranean (Aegean and Levan- Keywords Demosponges Æ Distribution Æ Faunal tine Sea). The Aegean Sea was divided into six major affinities Æ Mediterranean Sea Æ Aegean Sea Æ areas on the basis of its geomorphology and bathymetry. Levantine Sea Two areas of the Levantine Sea were additionally con- sidered. All available data on demosponge species numbers and abundance in each area, as well as their Introduction vertical and general geographical distribution were ta- ken from the literature. Multivariate analysis revealed a It is generally accepted that the Mediterranean Sea is NW–SE faunal gradient, showing an apparent dissimi- one of the world’s most oligotrophic seas. Conspicu- larity among the North Aegean, the South Aegean and ously, it harbors somewhat between 4% and 18% of the the Levantine Sea, which agrees with the differences in known world marine species, while representing only the geographical, physicochemical and biological char- 0.82% in surface area and 0.32% in volume of the world acteristics of the three areas. The majority of demo- ocean (Bianchi and Morri 2000). The eastern Mediter- sponge species has been recorded in the North Aegean, ranean, and especially the Levantine basin, is considered while the South Aegean is closer, in terms of demo- as the most oligotrophic Mediterranean region, having a sponge diversity, to the oligotrophic Levantine Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Sponge Mitochondrial Introns Revealed by Cox 1 Sequences of Tetillidae Amir Szitenberg1, Chagai Rot1,2, Micha Ilan1, Dorothée Huchon1,3*
    Szitenberg et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:288 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/288 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Diversity of sponge mitochondrial introns revealed by cox 1 sequences of Tetillidae Amir Szitenberg1, Chagai Rot1,2, Micha Ilan1, Dorothée Huchon1,3* Abstract Background: Animal mitochondrial introns are rare. In sponges and cnidarians they have been found in the cox 1 gene of some spirophorid and homosclerophorid sponges, as well as in the cox 1 and nad 5 genes of some Hexacorallia. Their sporadic distribution has raised a debate as to whether these mobile elements have been vertically or horizontally transmitted among their hosts. The first sponge found to possess a mitochondrial intron was a spirophorid sponge from the Tetillidae family. To better understand the mode of transmission of mitochondrial introns in sponges, we studied cox 1 intron distribution among representatives of this family. Results: Seventeen tetillid cox 1 sequences were examined. Among these sequences only six were found to possess group I introns. Remarkably, three different forms of introns were found, named introns 714, 723 and 870 based on their different positions in the cox 1 alignment. These introns had distinct secondary structures and encoded LAGLIDADG ORFs belonging to three different lineages. Interestingly, sponges harboring the same intron form did not always form monophyletic groups, suggesting that their introns might have been transferred horizontally. To evaluate whether the introns were vertically or horizontally transmitted in sponges and cnidarians we used a host parasite approach. We tested for co-speciation between introns 723 (the introns with the highest number of sponge representatives) and their nesting cox 1 sequences.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Group I Introns in Porifera: New Evidence for Intron Mobility and Implications for DNA Barcoding Astrid Schuster1, Jose V
    Schuster et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:82 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-0928-9 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Evolution of group I introns in Porifera: new evidence for intron mobility and implications for DNA barcoding Astrid Schuster1, Jose V. Lopez2, Leontine E. Becking3,4, Michelle Kelly5, Shirley A. Pomponi6, Gert Wörheide1,7,8, Dirk Erpenbeck1,8* and Paco Cárdenas9* Abstract Background: Mitochondrial introns intermit coding regions of genes and feature characteristic secondary structures and splicing mechanisms. In metazoans, mitochondrial introns have only been detected in sponges, cnidarians, placozoans and one annelid species. Within demosponges, group I and group II introns are present in six families. Based on different insertion sites within the cox1 gene and secondary structures, four types of group I and two types of group II introns are known, which can harbor up to three encoding homing endonuclease genes (HEG) of the LAGLIDADG family (group I) and/or reverse transcriptase (group II). However, only little is known about sponge intron mobility, transmission, and origin due to the lack of a comprehensive dataset. We analyzed the largest dataset on sponge mitochondrial group I introns to date: 95 specimens, from 11 different sponge genera which provided novel insights into the evolution of group I introns. Results: For the first time group I introns were detected in four genera of the sponge family Scleritodermidae (Scleritoderma, Microscleroderma, Aciculites, Setidium). We demonstrated that group I introns in sponges aggregate in the most conserved regions of cox1. We showed that co-occurrence of two introns in cox1 is unique among metazoans, but not uncommon in sponges.
    [Show full text]
  • 10Th World Sponge Conference
    10th World Sponge Conference NUI Galway 25-30 June 2017 Cover photographs - Bernard Picton. South Africa, 2008. Cover photographs - Bernard Picton. South CAMPUS MAP Áras na Mac Léinn and Bailey Allen Hall 1 The Quadrangle Accessible Route Across Campus (for the mobility 2 Áras na Gaeilge impaired) To Galway City 3 The Hardiman Building IT Building 4 Arts Millennium Building Cafés, restaurants and bars 5 Sports Centre A An Bhialann Cathedral 6 Arts / Science Building B Smokey Joe’s Café D 7 IT Building Martin Ryan Building C 8 10 8 Orbsen Building River D 9 9 Student Information Desk College Bar 7 12 Corrib (SID) / Áras Uí Chathail E Zinc Café C 10 Áras na Mac Léinn F 11 and Bailey Allen Hall Friars Restaurant Arts / Science Building 11 Human Biology Building 13 (under construction) Q Engineering Building U D I 12 Bank of Ireland Theatre N River A C O E R Corrib N 13 Martin Ryan Building 10th WSC Y T T I E B S N 14 Áras Moyola R N 2 E I V A I N 15 J.E. Cairnes School of L 6 U B A 3 Business and Economics R I D 16 Corrib Village Áras Moyola G E University Road (Student Accommodation) Entrance 17 Institute of Lifecourse and Society 18 Park and Ride 1 D 4 I S 19 Engineering Building T I LL E R 5 Y R O A NEWCA Under Construction D STL E ROAD Please excuse our temporary appearance. The Hardiman Building Institute of Lifecourse and Society 19 AD E O R LE ST 14 CA EW N Arts Millennium Building Newcastle Road 15 Entrance 16 F P&R 18 17 J.E.
    [Show full text]
  • The R6le of Sponges in High-Antarctic Carbon and Silicon Cycling - a Modelling Approach
    The R6le of Sponges in High-Antarctic Carbon and Silicon Cycling - a Modelling Approach Die Rolle der Schwämm im hochantarktischen Kohlenstoff- und Silikatkreislauf - ein Modellierungsansatz Susanne Gatti Ber. Polarforsch. Meeresforsch. 434 (2002) ISSN 1618 - 3193 Susanne Gatti Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut fŸ Polar- und Meeresforschung Am Handelshafen 12 27570 Bremerhaven Die vorliegende Arbeit ist die inhaltlich unverändert Fassung einer kumulativen Dissertation, die in der Sektion "Vergleichende Okosystem- forschung" bei Prof. Dr. Wolf E. Arntz angefertigt und 2002 dem Fach- bereich 2 (Biologie/Chemie) der UniversitäBremen vorgelegt wurde. Contents Summary ......................................................................................................... 111 Zusammenfassung ...................................................................................... V 1 lntroduction 1 . 1 Why work with sponges in Antarctica ........................................................... 1 I.2 Monthly samples of the deep Antarctic benthos - no way! ........................ 4 1.3 How can growth and age be determined? Why do these methods not work for Antarctic sponges ............................... 5 1.4 What's to find out? - Objectives of this study ............................... 8 2 Material and Methods 2.1 How and where to catch a sponge and keep it alive ................................... 9 2.2 Work in the laboratory .................................................................................. 11 2.3 Analysis of respiration
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Tetillidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorida) Based on Three Molecular Markers
    Accepted Manuscript Phylogeny of Tetillidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorida) based on three molecular markers Amir Szitenberg, Leontine E. Becking, Sergio Vargas, Júlio C.C. Fernandez, Nadiezhda Santodomingo, Gert Wörheide, Micha Ilan, Michelle Kelly, Dorothée Huchon PII: S1055-7903(13)00075-4 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.018 Reference: YMPEV 4517 To appear in: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Received Date: 21 June 2012 Revised Date: 29 December 2012 Accepted Date: 15 February 2013 Please cite this article as: Szitenberg, A., Becking, L.E., Vargas, S., Fernandez, J.C.C., Santodomingo, N., Wörheide, G., Ilan, M., Kelly, M., Huchon, D., Phylogeny of Tetillidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorida) based on three molecular markers, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2013), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev. 2013.02.018 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Phylogeny of Tetillidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorida) based on three molecular markers Amir Szitenberga, Leontine E. Beckingb, Sergio Vargasc, Júlio C. C. Fernandezd, b,e c,f a g Nadiezhda Santodomingo , Gert Wörheide , Micha Ilan , Michelle Kelly , Dorothée Huchona* a Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel- Aviv 69978, Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • Demosponge Diversity from North Sulawesi, with the Description of Six New Species
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 680: Demosponge105–150 (2017) diversity from North Sulawesi, with the description of six new species 105 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.680.12135 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Demosponge diversity from North Sulawesi, with the description of six new species Barbara Calcinai1, Azzurra Bastari1, Giorgio Bavestrello2, Marco Bertolino2, Santiago Bueno Horcajadas3, Maurizio Pansini2, Daisy M. Makapedua4, Carlo Cerrano1 1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, UO Conisma, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Uni- versità degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa, 26, 16132, Genova, UO Conisma, Italy 3 Pharma Mar S.A.U. Av. de los Reyes, 1, 28770 Colmenar Viejo, Community of Madrid, Spain 4 University of Sam Ratulangi, Jl. Kampus Unsrat 95115, Manado, Indonesia Corresponding author: Barbara Calcinai ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Pfannkuchen | Received 6 February 2017 | Accepted 28 April 2017 | Published 20 June 2017 http://zoobank.org/657770F9-FCFA-4D72-BB08-AFAF7371B1BA Citation: Calcinai B, Bastari A, Bavestrello G, Bertolino M, Horcajadas SB, Pansini M, Makapedua DM, Cerrano C (2017) Demosponge diversity from North Sulawesi, with the description of six new species. ZooKeys 680: 105–150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12135 Abstract Sponges are key components of the benthic assemblages and play an important functional role in many ecosystems, especially in coral reefs. The Indonesian coral reefs, located within the so-called “coral trian- gle”, are among the richest in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Demospongiae, Tetractinellida) Reveals New Genera and Genetic Similarity Among Morphologically Distinct Species
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Phylogenetic Reassessment of Antarctic Tetillidae (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida) Reveals New Genera and Genetic Similarity among Morphologically Distinct Species Mirco Carella1, Gemma Agell1, Paco Cárdenas2,3, Maria J. Uriz1* 1 Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala St Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain, 2 Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR a11111 7208 “BOrEA”, Paris, France, 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, BioMedical Centre, Husargatan 3, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Species of Tetillidae are distributed worldwide. However, some genera are unresolved and Citation: Carella M, Agell G, Cárdenas P, Uriz MJ (2016) Phylogenetic Reassessment of Antarctic only a few genera and species of this family have been described from the Antarctic. The Tetillidae (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida) Reveals incorporation of 25 new COI and 18S sequences of Antarctic Tetillidae to those used New Genera and Genetic Similarity among recently for assessing the genera phylogeny, has allowed us to improve the resolution of Morphologically Distinct Species. PLoS ONE 11(8): some poorly resolved nodes and to confirm the monophyly of previously identified clades. e0160718. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160718 Classical genera such as Craniella recovered their traditional diagnosis by moving the Ant- Editor: Bernd Schierwater, Tierarztliche Hochschule arctic Tetilla from Craniella, where they were placed in the previous family phylogeny, to Hannover, GERMANY Antarctotetilla gen. nov. The morphological re-examination of specimens used in the previ- Received: April 27, 2016 ous phylogeny and their comparison to the type material revealed misidentifications. The Accepted: July 22, 2016 proposed monotypic new genus Levantinella had uncertain phylogenetic relationships Published: August 24, 2016 depending on the gene partition used.
    [Show full text]