Demosponge Distribution in the Eastern Mediterranean: a NW–SE Gradient
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Reef Sponges of the Genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Greater Caribbean
Zootaxa 3794 (3): 301–343 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:51852298-F299-4392-9C89-A6FD14D3E1D0 Reef sponges of the genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Greater Caribbean FERNANDO J. PARRA-VELANDIA1,2, SVEN ZEA2,4 & ROB W. M. VAN SOEST3 1St John's Island Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI), National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227. E-mail: [email protected] 2Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Caribe, Centro de Estudios en Ciencias del Mar—CECIMAR; c/o INVEMAR, Calle 25 2- 55, Rodadero Sur, Playa Salguero, Santa Marta, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] 3Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, P.O.Box 9517 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author Table of contents Abstract . 301 Introduction . 302 The genus Agelas in the Greater Caribbean . 302 Material and methods . 303 Classification . 304 Phylum Porifera Grant, 1835 . 304 Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1875 . 304 Order Agelasida Hartman, 1980 . 304 Family Agelasidae Verrill, 1907 . 304 Genus Agelas Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 . 304 Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 . 306 Agelas cervicornis (Schmidt, 1870) . 311 Agelas wiedenmayeri Alcolado, 1984. 313 Agelas sceptrum (Lamarck, 1815) . 315 Agelas dilatata Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 . 316 Agelas conifera (Schmidt, 1870). 318 Agelas tubulata Lehnert & van Soest, 1996 . 321 Agelas repens Lehnert & van Soest, 1998. 324 Agelas cerebrum Assmann, van Soest & Köck, 2001. 325 Agelas schmidti Wilson, 1902 . -
Taxonomy and Diversity of the Sponge Fauna from Walters Shoal, a Shallow Seamount in the Western Indian Ocean Region
Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region By Robyn Pauline Payne A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Scientiae in the Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Supervisors: Dr Toufiek Samaai Prof. Mark J. Gibbons Dr Wayne K. Florence The financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF. December 2015 Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region Robyn Pauline Payne Keywords Indian Ocean Seamount Walters Shoal Sponges Taxonomy Systematics Diversity Biogeography ii Abstract Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region R. P. Payne MSc Thesis, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Seamounts are poorly understood ubiquitous undersea features, with less than 4% sampled for scientific purposes globally. Consequently, the fauna associated with seamounts in the Indian Ocean remains largely unknown, with less than 300 species recorded. One such feature within this region is Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount located on the South Madagascar Ridge, which is situated approximately 400 nautical miles south of Madagascar and 600 nautical miles east of South Africa. Even though it penetrates the euphotic zone (summit is 15 m below the sea surface) and is protected by the Southern Indian Ocean Deep- Sea Fishers Association, there is a paucity of biodiversity and oceanographic data. -
Appendix: Some Important Early Collections of West Indian Type Specimens, with Historical Notes
Appendix: Some important early collections of West Indian type specimens, with historical notes Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 between 1841 and 1864, we gain additional information concerning the sponge memoir, starting with the letter dated 8 May 1855. Jacob Gysbert Samuel van Breda A biography of Placide Duchassaing de Fonbressin was (1788-1867) was professor of botany in Franeker (Hol published by his friend Sagot (1873). Although an aristo land), of botany and zoology in Gent (Belgium), and crat by birth, as we learn from Michelotti's last extant then of zoology and geology in Leyden. Later he went to letter to van Breda, Duchassaing did not add de Fon Haarlem, where he was secretary of the Hollandsche bressin to his name until 1864. Duchassaing was born Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, curator of its cabinet around 1819 on Guadeloupe, in a French-Creole family of natural history, and director of Teyler's Museum of of planters. He was sent to school in Paris, first to the minerals, fossils and physical instruments. Van Breda Lycee Louis-le-Grand, then to University. He finished traveled extensively in Europe collecting fossils, especial his studies in 1844 with a doctorate in medicine and two ly in Italy. Michelotti exchanged collections of fossils additional theses in geology and zoology. He then settled with him over a long period of time, and was received as on Guadeloupe as physician. Because of social unrest foreign member of the Hollandsche Maatschappij der after the freeing of native labor, he left Guadeloupe W etenschappen in 1842. The two chief papers of Miche around 1848, and visited several islands of the Antilles lotti on fossils were published by the Hollandsche Maat (notably Nevis, Sint Eustatius, St. -
A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution
marine drugs Review A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution Adrian Galitz 1 , Yoichi Nakao 2 , Peter J. Schupp 3,4 , Gert Wörheide 1,5,6 and Dirk Erpenbeck 1,5,* 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (G.W.) 2 Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; [email protected] 3 Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; [email protected] 4 Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany 5 GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany 6 SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, 80333 Munich, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Marine sponges are the most prolific marine sources for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Sponge secondary metabolites are sought-after for their potential in pharmaceutical applications, and in the past, they were also used as taxonomic markers alongside the difficult and homoplasy-prone sponge morphology for species delineation (chemotaxonomy). The understanding Citation: Galitz, A.; Nakao, Y.; of phylogenetic distribution and distinctiveness of metabolites to sponge lineages is pivotal to reveal Schupp, P.J.; Wörheide, G.; pathways and evolution of compound production in sponges. This benefits the discovery rate and Erpenbeck, D. A Soft Spot for yield of bioprospecting for novel marine natural products by identifying lineages with high potential Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge of being new sources of valuable sponge compounds. -
Naturally Prefabricated Marine Biomaterials: Isolation and Applications of Flat Chitinous 3D Scaffolds from Ianthella Labyrinthus (Demospongiae: Verongiida)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Naturally Prefabricated Marine Biomaterials: Isolation and Applications of Flat Chitinous 3D Scaffolds from Ianthella labyrinthus (Demospongiae: Verongiida) Mario Schubert 1, Björn Binnewerg 1, Alona Voronkina 2 , Lyubov Muzychka 3, Marcin Wysokowski 4,5 , Iaroslav Petrenko 5, Valentine Kovalchuk 6, Mikhail Tsurkan 7 , Rajko Martinovic 8 , Nicole Bechmann 9 , Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko 10 , Andriy Fursov 5, Oleg B. Smolii 3, Jane Fromont 11 , Yvonne Joseph 5 , Stefan R. Bornstein 12,13, Marco Giovine 14, Dirk Erpenbeck 15 , Kaomei Guan 1,* and Hermann Ehrlich 5,* 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (B.B.) 2 Department of Pharmacy, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, 21018 Vinnytsia, Ukraine; [email protected] 3 V.P Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 1, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine; [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (O.B.S.) 4 Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] 5 Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; [email protected] (I.P.); [email protected] (A.F.); [email protected] (Y.J.) 6 Department of Microbiology, -
Proposal for a Revised Classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3*
Morrow and Cárdenas Frontiers in Zoology (2015) 12:7 DOI 10.1186/s12983-015-0099-8 DEBATE Open Access Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3* Abstract Background: Demospongiae is the largest sponge class including 81% of all living sponges with nearly 7,000 species worldwide. Systema Porifera (2002) was the result of a large international collaboration to update the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on morphological data. Since then, an increasing number of molecular phylogenetic studies have considerably shaken this taxonomic framework, with numerous polyphyletic groups revealed or confirmed and new clades discovered. And yet, despite a few taxonomical changes, the overall framework of the Systema Porifera classification still stands and is used as it is by the scientific community. This has led to a widening phylogeny/classification gap which creates biases and inconsistencies for the many end-users of this classification and ultimately impedes our understanding of today’s marine ecosystems and evolutionary processes. In an attempt to bridge this phylogeny/classification gap, we propose to officially revise the higher taxa Demospongiae classification. Discussion: We propose a revision of the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on molecular data of the last ten years. We recommend the use of three subclasses: Verongimorpha, Keratosa and Heteroscleromorpha. We retain seven (Agelasida, Chondrosiida, Dendroceratida, Dictyoceratida, Haplosclerida, Poecilosclerida, Verongiida) of the 13 orders from Systema Porifera. We recommend the abandonment of five order names (Hadromerida, Halichondrida, Halisarcida, lithistids, Verticillitida) and resurrect or upgrade six order names (Axinellida, Merliida, Spongillida, Sphaerocladina, Suberitida, Tetractinellida). Finally, we create seven new orders (Bubarida, Desmacellida, Polymastiida, Scopalinida, Clionaida, Tethyida, Trachycladida). -
BIO 313 ANIMAL ECOLOGY Corrected
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE CODE: BIO 314 COURSE TITLE: ANIMAL ECOLOGY 1 BIO 314: ANIMAL ECOLOGY Team Writers: Dr O.A. Olajuyigbe Department of Biology Adeyemi Colledge of Education, P.M.B. 520, Ondo, Ondo State Nigeria. Miss F.C. Olakolu Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, No 3 Wilmot Point Road, Bar-beach Bus-stop, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. Mrs H.O. Omogoriola Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, No 3 Wilmot Point Road, Bar-beach Bus-stop, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. EDITOR: Mrs Ajetomobi School of Agricultural Sciences Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu, Lagos 2 BIO 313 COURSE GUIDE Introduction Animal Ecology (313) is a first semester course. It is a two credit unit elective course which all students offering Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Biology can take. Animal ecology is an important area of study for scientists. It is the study of animals and how they related to each other as well as their environment. It can also be defined as the scientific study of interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms. Since this is a course in animal ecology, we will focus on animals, which we will define fairly generally as organisms that can move around during some stages of their life and that must feed on other organisms or their products. There are various forms of animal ecology. This includes: • Behavioral ecology, the study of the behavior of the animals with relation to their environment and others • Population ecology, the study of the effects on the population of these animals • Marine ecology is the scientific study of marine-life habitat, populations, and interactions among organisms and the surrounding environment including their abiotic (non-living physical and chemical factors that affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce) and biotic factors (living things or the materials that directly or indirectly affect an organism in its environment). -
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1. -
Supplementary Materials: Patterns of Sponge Biodiversity in the Pilbara, Northwestern Australia
Diversity 2016, 8, 21; doi:10.3390/d8040021 S1 of S3 9 Supplementary Materials: Patterns of Sponge Biodiversity in the Pilbara, Northwestern Australia Jane Fromont, Muhammad Azmi Abdul Wahab, Oliver Gomez, Merrick Ekins, Monique Grol and John Norman Ashby Hooper 1. Materials and Methods 1.1. Collation of Sponge Occurrence Data Data of sponge occurrences were collated from databases of the Western Australian Museum (WAM) and Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) [1]. Pilbara sponge data on ALA had been captured in a northern Australian sponge report [2], but with the WAM data, provides a far more comprehensive dataset, in both geographic and taxonomic composition of sponges. Quality control procedures were undertaken to remove obvious duplicate records and those with insufficient or ambiguous species data. Due to differing naming conventions of OTUs by institutions contributing to the two databases and the lack of resources for physical comparison of all OTU specimens, a maximum error of ± 13.5% total species counts was determined for the dataset, to account for potentially unique (differently named OTUs are unique) or overlapping OTUs (differently named OTUs are the same) (157 potential instances identified out of 1164 total OTUs). The amalgamation of these two databases produced a complete occurrence dataset (presence/absence) of all currently described sponge species and OTUs from the region (see Table S1). The dataset follows the new taxonomic classification proposed by [3] and implemented by [4]. The latter source was used to confirm present validities and taxon authorities for known species names. The dataset consists of records identified as (1) described (Linnean) species, (2) records with “cf.” in front of species names which indicates the specimens have some characters of a described species but also differences, which require comparisons with type material, and (3) records as “operational taxonomy units” (OTUs) which are considered to be unique species although further assessments are required to establish their taxonomic status. -
2020 Annual Report
EMBRC: 2020 annual report Marine biodiversity is becoming an increasing concern with climate change and marine pollution, and, as a result, is of high relevance in the forthcoming UN Decade of the Ocean and Europe’s Green Deal. One of EMBRC’s principal activities is the provision of access to marine biodiversity, in all its forms. EMBRC Operators include some of the oldest marine institutes in the world and operate long-term observations, host biodiversity monitoring activities, and conduct research. In order to provide holistic information on biodiversity composition at these sites, EMBRC will establish EMO BON, a coordinated European Marine Omics Biodiversity Observation Network across its partners. This will constitute a new approach for EMBRC, and a step in a new direction, toward data generation and long-term observation. EMO BON presents an important need for the EMBRC user community and the opportunity to start filling the void in biological observation that we currently face in regard to physical and chemical observation. This is also an exciting opportunity to generate data for the marine microbiome studies currently in progress, and support Atlantic strategies, such as the Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance (AORA). Knowledge-based management of our blue planet is only possible by unified global monitoring using comparable data, which, in the case of biodiversity, cannot currently be assessed by remote sensing. In this context, EMBRC wishes to contribute to the global coordination of marine biodiversity by –omics approaches, integrating forthcoming technologies as appropriate. We aim to reach and interact with other relevant initiatives, offering the advantages of a sustainable RI that can support active research and underpin the development and optimisation of new methods. -
Exploring the Microbiome of the Mediterranean Sponge Aplysina Aerophoba by Single-Cell and Metagenomics
Exploring the microbiome of the Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba by single-cell and metagenomics Untersuchungen am Mikrobiom des Mittelmeerschwamms Aplysina aerophoba mittels Einzelzell- und Metagenomik Doctoral thesis for a doctoral degree at the Graduate School of Life Sciences Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Section: Integrative Biology Submitted by Beate Magdalena Slaby from München Würzburg, March 2017 Submitted on: ……………………………………………………… Members of the Promotionskomitee Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Thomas Müller Primary Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ute Hentschel Humeida Supervisor (Second): Prof. Dr. Thomas Dandekar Supervisor (Third): Prof. Dr. Frédéric Partensky Date of public defense: ……………………………………………………… Date of receipt of certificates: ……………………………………………………… ii Affidavit I hereby confirm that my thesis entitled ‘Exploring the microbiome of the Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba by single-cell and metagenomics’ is the result of my own work. I did not receive any help or support from commercial consultants. All sources and / or materials applied are listed and specified in the thesis. Furthermore, I confirm that this thesis has not yet been submitted as part of another examination process neither in identical nor in similar form. Place, Date Signature iii Acknowledgements I received financial support for this thesis project by a grant of the German Excellence Initiative to the Graduate School of Life Sciences of the University of Würzburg through a PhD fellowship, and from the SponGES project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. I would like to thank: Dr. Ute Hentschel Humeida for her support and encouragement, and for providing so many extraordinary opportunities. Dr. Thomas Dandekar and Dr. Frédéric Partensky for the supervision and a number of very helpful discussions. -
Oceans of Archaea Abundant Oceanic Crenarchaeota Appear to Derive from Thermophilic Ancestors That Invaded Low-Temperature Marine Environments
Oceans of Archaea Abundant oceanic Crenarchaeota appear to derive from thermophilic ancestors that invaded low-temperature marine environments Edward F. DeLong arth’s microbiota is remarkably per- karyotes), Archaea, and Bacteria. Although al- vasive, thriving at extremely high ternative taxonomic schemes have been recently temperature, low and high pH, high proposed, whole-genome and other analyses E salinity, and low water availability. tend to support Woese’s three-domain concept. One lineage of microbial life in par- Well-known and cultivated archaea generally ticular, the Archaea, is especially adept at ex- fall into several major phenotypic groupings: ploiting environmental extremes. Despite their these include extreme halophiles, methanogens, success in these challenging habitats, the Ar- and extreme thermophiles and thermoacido- chaea may now also be viewed as a philes. Early on, extremely halo- cosmopolitan lot. These microbes philic archaea (haloarchaea) were exist in a wide variety of terres- first noticed as bright-red colonies trial, freshwater, and marine habi- Archaea exist in growing on salted fish or hides. tats, sometimes in very high abun- a wide variety For many years, halophilic isolates dance. The oceanic Marine Group of terrestrial, from salterns, salt deposits, and I Crenarchaeota, for example, ri- freshwater, and landlocked seas provided excellent val total bacterial biomass in wa- marine habitats, model systems for studying adap- ters below 100 m. These wide- tations to high salinity. It was only spread Archaea appear to derive sometimes in much later, however, that it was from thermophilic ancestors that very high realized that these salt-loving invaded diverse low-temperature abundance “bacteria” are actually members environments.