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Response to the Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) Pandemic Across REVIEW published: 11 September 2020 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01205 Response to the Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) Pandemic Across Africa: Edited by: Sam Salek, University of Hertfordshire, Successes, Challenges, and United Kingdom Reviewed by: Implications for the Future Dan Kajungu, Makerere University, Uganda 1,2 3,4 5 6 Marc Henri De Longueville, Olayinka O. Ogunleye , Debashis Basu , Debjani Mueller , Jacqueline Sneddon , 6,7,8 9 10 UCB Pharma, Belgium R. Andrew Seaton , Adesola F. Yinka-Ogunleye , Joshua Wamboga , ´ 11 12 13 *Correspondence: Nenad Miljkovic , Julius C. Mwita , Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera , Amos Massele 14, Okwen Patrick 15,16, Loveline Lum Niba 15,17, Melaine Nsaikila 15, Brian Godman 18 18 19 20 [email protected] Wafaa M. Rashed , Mohamed Ali Hussein , Rehab Hegazy , Adefolarin A. Amu , Baffour Boaten Boahen-Boaten 21, Zinhle Matsebula 22, Prudence Gwebu 22, 22 22 22 22 Specialty section: Bongani Chirigo , Nongabisa Mkhabela , Tenelisiwe Dlamini , Siphiwe Sithole , 22 22 23 24 This article was submitted to Sandile Malaza , Sikhumbuzo Dlamini , Daniel Afriyie , George Awuku Asare , 25 26,27 28 28 Pharmaceutical Medicine and Seth Kwabena Amponsah , Israel Sefah , Margaret Oluka , Anastasia N. Guantai , 29 30 31 Outcomes Research, a section of the Sylvia A. Opanga , Tebello Violet Sarele , Refeletse Keabetsoe Mafisa , 32 32 33 33 journal Frontiers in Pharmacology Ibrahim Chikowe , Felix Khuluza , Dan Kibuule , Francis Kalemeera , 33 34,35 36 Received: 02 June 2020 Mwangana Mubita , Joseph Fadare , Laurien Sibomana , 3,4 3,4 3,4 Accepted: 23 July 2020 Gwendoline Malegwale Ramokgopa , Carmen Whyte , Tshegofatso Maimela , 4,37 38 38 38,39 Published: 11 September 2020 Johannes Hugo , Johanna C. Meyer , Natalie Schellack , Enos M. Rampamba , 40 41,42 43,44 45,46 Citation: Adel Visser , Abubakr Alfadl , Elfatih M. Malik , Oliver Ombeva Malande , 47 47 48 49 Ogunleye OO, Basu D, Mueller D, Aubrey C. Kalungia , Chiluba Mwila , Trust Zaranyika , Blessmore Vimbai Chaibva , 50,51 52 53 54 Sneddon J, Seaton RA, Ioana D. Olaru , Nyasha Masuka , Janney Wale , Lenias Hwenda , 10,55 56 57 58 Yinka-Ogunleye AF, Wamboga J, Regina Kamoga , Ruaraidh Hill , Corrado Barbui , Tomasz Bochenek , 59,60 61,62 63,64 Miljkovic´ N, Mwita JC, Rwegerera GM, Amanj Kurdi , Stephen Campbell , Antony P. Martin , Massele A, Patrick O, Niba LL, Nsaikila M, Thuy Nguyen Thi Phuong 65, Binh Nguyen Thanh 65 and Brian Godman 38,59,66,67* Rashed WM, Hussein MA, Hegazy R, Amu AA, Boahen-Boaten BB, 1 Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria, Matsebula Z, Gwebu P, Chirigo B, 2 Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, 3 Department of Public Health Medicine, Mkhabela N, Dlamini T, Sithole S, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and the University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 4 WHO Collaborating Centre for Social Malaza S, Dlamini S, Afriyie D, Asare GA, Determinants of Health and Health in all Policies, Pretoria, South Africa, 5 Charlotte Maxeke Medical Research Cluster, Amponsah SK, Sefah I, Oluka M, Johannesburg, South Africa, 6 Healthcare Improvement Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 7 Queen Elizabeth University Guantai AN, Opanga SA, Sarele TV, Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 8 University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 9 Department of Surveillance and Mafisa RK, Chikowe I, Khuluza F, Epidemiology, Nigerian Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria, 10 Uganda Alliance of Patients’ Organizations (UAPO), Kibuule D, Kalemeera F, Mubita M, Kampala, Uganda, 11 Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery “Banjica”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, 12 Department of Fadare J, Sibomana L, Ramokgopa GM, Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, 13 Department of Internal Medicine, Whyte C, Maimela T, Hugo J, Meyer JC, University of Botswana and Department of Medicine, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana, 14 Department of Schellack N, Rampamba EM, Visser A, Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, 15 Effective Basic Services (eBASE) Alfadl A, Malik EM, Malande OO, Africa, Bamenda, Cameroon, 16 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia, Kalungia AC, Mwila C, Zaranyika T, 17 Department of Public Health, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon, 18 Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, Chaibva BV, Olaru ID, Masuka N, Wale J, 19 Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt, 20 Pharmacy Department, Eswatini Hwenda L, Kamoga R, Hill R, Barbui C, Medical Christian University, Mbabane, Eswatini, 21 Department of Psychology, Eswatini Medical Christian University, Bochenek T, Kurdi A, Campbell S, Mbabane, Eswatini, 22 Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital, Manzini, Eswatini, 23 Pharmacy Department, Ghana Police Hospital, Martin AP, Phuong TNT, Thanh BN and Accra, Ghana, 24 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Godman B (2020) Response to the Novel Ghana, Accra, Ghana, 25 Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana, Corona Virus (COVID-19) Pandemic 26 Ghana Health Service, Pharmacy Department, Keta Municipal Hospital, Keta-Dzelukope, Ghana, 27 Pharmacy Practice Across Africa: Successes, Challenges, Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana, 28 Department of Pharmacology and Implications for the Future. and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, 29 Department of Pharmaceutics and Front. Pharmacol. 11:1205. Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, 30 Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01205 School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville-campus, Durban, South Africa, 31 Independent Frontiers in Pharmacology | www.frontiersin.org 1 September 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 1205 Ogunleye et al. COVID-19 in Africa Researcher, Mafeteng, Lesotho, 32 Pharmacy Department, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi, 33 Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia, 34 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University , Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, 35 Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, 36 Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 37 Department of Family Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 38 School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa, 39 Department of Pharmacy, Tshilidzini Hospital, Shayandima, South Africa, 40 Eugene Marais Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa, 41 National Medicines Board, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan, 42 Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia, 43 Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan, 44 Community Medicine Council, SMSB, Khartoum, Sudan, 45 Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya, 46 East Africa Centre for Vaccines and Immunization (ECAVI), Kampala, Uganda, 47 Department of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, 48 Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe, 49 Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe, 50 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, 51 Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, 52 Zimbabwe College of Public Health Physicians, Harare, Zimbabwe, 53 Independent Consumer Advocate, Brunswick, VIC, Australia, 54 Medicines for Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa, 55 Community Health and Information Network (CHAIN), Kampala, Uganda, 56 Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 57 WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy, 58 Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland, 59 Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 60 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq, 61 Centre for Primary Care, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, 62 NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, 63 Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 64 HCD Economics, The Innovation Centre, Daresbury, United Kingdom, 65 Pharmaceutical Administration & PharmacoEconomics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam, 66 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden, 67 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has already claimed considerable lives. There are major concerns in Africa due to existing high prevalence
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