Transistor Circuit Guidebook Byron Wels TAB BOOKSBLUE RIDGE SUMMIT, PA

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Electronic Circuit Design and Component Selecjon

Electronic circuit design and component selec2on Nan-Wei Gong MIT Media Lab MAS.S63: Design for DIY Manufacturing Goal for today’s lecture • How to pick up components for your project • Rule of thumb for PCB design • SuggesMons for PCB layout and manufacturing • Soldering and de-soldering basics • Small - medium quanMty electronics project producMon • Homework : Design a PCB for your project with a BOM (bill of materials) and esMmate the cost for making 10 | 50 |100 (PCB manufacturing + assembly + components) Design Process Component Test Circuit Selec2on PCB Design Component PCB Placement Manufacturing Design Process Module Test Circuit Selec2on PCB Design Component PCB Placement Manufacturing Design Process • Test circuit – bread boarding/ buy development tools (breakout boards) / simulaon • Component Selecon– spec / size / availability (inventory! Need 10% more parts for pick and place machine) • PCB Design– power/ground, signal traces, trace width, test points / extra via, pads / mount holes, big before small • PCB Manufacturing – price-Mme trade-off/ • Place Components – first step (check power/ground) -- work flow Test Circuit Construc2on Breadboard + through hole components + Breakout boards Breakout boards, surcoards + hookup wires Surcoard : surface-mount to through hole Dual in-line (DIP) packaging hap://www.beldynsys.com/cc521.htm Source : hap://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Breadboard_counter.jpg Development Boards – good reference for circuit design and component selec2on SomeMmes, it can be cheaper to pair your design with a development
Integrated Circuits

CHAPTER67 Learning Objectives ➣ What is an Integrated Circuit ? ➣ Advantages of ICs INTEGRATED ➣ Drawbacks of ICs ➣ Scale of Integration CIRCUITS ➣ Classification of ICs by Structure ➣ Comparison between Different ICs ➣ Classification of ICs by Function ➣ Linear Integrated Circuits (LICs) ➣ Manufacturer’s Designation of LICs ➣ Digital Integrated Circuits ➣ IC Terminology ➣ Semiconductors Used in Fabrication of ICs and Devices ➣ How ICs are Made? ➣ Material Preparation ➣ Crystal Growing and Wafer Preparation ➣ Wafer Fabrication ➣ Oxidation ➣ Etching ➣ Diffusion ➣ Ion Implantation ➣ Photomask Generation ➣ Photolithography ➣ Epitaxy Jack Kilby would justly be considered one of ➣ Metallization and Intercon- the greatest electrical engineers of all time nections for one invention; the monolithic integrated ➣ Testing, Bonding and circuit, or microchip. He went on to develop Packaging the first industrial, commercial and military ➣ Semiconductor Devices and applications for this integrated circuits- Integrated Circuit Formation including the first pocket calculator ➣ Popular Applications of ICs (pocketronic) and computer that used them 2472 Electrical Technology 67.1. Introduction Electronic circuitry has undergone tremendous changes since the invention of a triode by Lee De Forest in 1907. In those days, the active components (like triode) and passive components (like resistors, inductors and capacitors etc.) of the circuits were separate and distinct units connected by soldered leads. With the invention of the transistor in 1948 by W.H. Brattain and I. Bardeen, the electronic circuits became considerably reduced in size. It was due to the fact that a transistor was not only cheaper, more reliable and less power consuming but was also much smaller in size than an electron tube. To take advantage of small transistor size, the passive components too were greatly reduced in size thereby making the entire circuit very small.
35402 Electronic Circuit R TG

Electricity and Electronics Electronic Circuit Repair Introduction The purpose of this video is to help you quickly learn the most common methods used to trou- bleshoot electronic circuits. Electronic troubleshooting skills are needed to diagnose and repair several types of devices. These devices include stereos, cameras, VCRs, and much more. As mentioned, the program will explain how to diagnose and repair different types of electronic com- ponents and circuits. Viewers will also learn how to use the specialized tools and instruments needed to test these particular types of circuits and components. If students plan to enter any type of electronics field, viewing this program will prove to be beneficial. The program is organized into major sections or topics. Each section covers one major segment of the subject. Graphic breaks are given between each section so that you can stop the video for class discussion, demonstrations, to answer questions, or to ask questions. This allows you to watch only a portion of the program each day, or to present it in its entirety. This program is part of the ten-part series Electricity and Electronics, which includes the following titles: • Electrical Principles • Electrical Circuits: Ohm's Law • Electrical Components Part I: Resistors/Batteries/Switches • Electrical Components Part II: Capacitors/Fuses/Flashers/Coils • Electrical Components Part III: Transformers/Relays/Motors • Electronic Components Part I: Semiconductors/Transistors/Diodes • Electronic Components Part II: Operation—Transistors/Diodes • Electronic Components Part III: Thyristors/Piezo Crystals/Solar Cells/Fiber Optics • Electrical Troubleshooting • Electronic Circuit Repair To order additional titles please see Additional Resources at www.filmsmediagroup.com at the end of this guide.
Capacitors and Inductors

DC Principles Study Unit Capacitors and Inductors By Robert Cecci In this text, you’ll learn about how capacitors and inductors operate in DC circuits. As an industrial electrician or elec- tronics technician, you’ll be likely to encounter capacitors and inductors in your everyday work. Capacitors and induc- tors are used in many types of industrial power supplies, Preview Preview motor drive systems, and on most industrial electronics printed circuit boards. When you complete this study unit, you’ll be able to • Explain how a capacitor holds a charge • Describe common types of capacitors • Identify capacitor ratings • Calculate the total capacitance of a circuit containing capacitors connected in series or in parallel • Calculate the time constant of a resistance-capacitance (RC) circuit • Explain how inductors are constructed and describe their rating system • Describe how an inductor can regulate the flow of cur- rent in a DC circuit • Calculate the total inductance of a circuit containing inductors connected in series or parallel • Calculate the time constant of a resistance-inductance (RL) circuit Electronics Workbench is a registered trademark, property of Interactive Image Technologies Ltd. and used with permission. You’ll see the symbol shown above at several locations throughout this study unit. This symbol is the logo of Electronics Workbench, a computer-simulated electronics laboratory. The appearance of this symbol in the text mar- gin signals that there’s an Electronics Workbench lab experiment associated with that section of the text. If your program includes Elec tronics Workbench as a part of your iii learning experience, you’ll receive an experiment lab book that describes your Electronics Workbench assignments.
United States Patent (19) 11

United States Patent (19) 11. Patent Number: 4,503,479 Otsuka et al. 45 Date of Patent: Mar. 5, 1985 54 ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT FOR VEHICLES, 4,244,050 1/1981 Weber et al. .............. 364/431.11 X HAVING A FAIL SAFE FUNCTION FOR 4,245,150 1/1981 Driscoll et al. ................... 361/92 X ABNORMALITY IN SUPPLY VOLTAGE 4,306,270 12/1981 Miller et al. ...... ... 361/90 X 4,327,397 4/1982 McCleery ............................. 361/90 75) Inventors: Kazuo Otsuka, Higashikurume; Shin 4,348,727 9/1982 Kobayashi et al.............. 123/480 X Narasaka, Yono; Shumpei Hasegawa, Niiza, all of Japan OTHER PUBLICATIONS 73 Assignee: Honda Motor Co., Ltd., Tokyo, #18414, Res. Disclosure, Great Britain, No. 184, Aug. Japan 1979. Electronic Design; "Simple Circuit Checks Power-S- 21 Appl. No.: 528,236 upply Faults'; Lindberg, pp. 57-63, Aug. 2, 1980. (22 Filed: Aug. 31, 1983 Primary Examiner-Reinhard J. Eisenzopf Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Arthur L. Lessler Related U.S. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT 63 Continuation of Ser. No. 297,998, Aug. 31, 1981, aban doned. An electronic circuit for use in a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine. The electronic circuit (30) Foreign Application Priority Data comprises a constant-voltage regulated power-supply Sep. 4, 1980 (JP) Japan ................................ 55.122594 circuit, a control circuit having a central processing unit 51) Int. Cl. ......................... H02H 3/20; HO2H 3/24 for controlling electrical apparatus installed in the vehi 52 U.S. Cl. ...................................... 361/90; 123/480; cle, and a detecting circuit for detecting variations in 340/661; 364/431.11 supply voltage supplied from the power-supply circuit.
50 Simple L.E.D. Circuits

50 Simple L.E.D. Circuits R.N. SOAR r de Historie v/d Radi OTH'IEK 50 SIMPLE L.E.D. CIRCUITS by R. N. SOAR BABANI PRESS The Publishing Division of Babani Trading and Finance Co. Ltd. The Grampians Shepherds Bush Road London W6 7NI- England Although every care is taken with the preparation of this book, the publishers or author will not be responsible in any way for any errors that might occur. © 1977 BA BAN I PRESS I.S.B.N. 0 85934 043 4 First Published December 1977 Printed and Manufactured in Great Britain by C. Nicholls & Co. Ltd. f t* -i. • v /“ ..... tr> CONTENTS U.V.H.R* Circuit Page No. 1 LED Pilot Light......................................... 7 2 LED Stereo Beacon.................................... 8 3 Stereo Decoder Mono/Sterco Indicator . 9 4 Subminiature LED Torch........................... 10 5 Low Voltage Low Current Supply............ 11 6 Microlight Indicator .................................. 12 7 Ultra Low Current LED Switching Indicator 13 8 LED Stroboscope....................................... 14 9 12 Volt Car Circuit Tester........................... 15 10 Two Colour LED......................................... 16 11 12 Volt Car “Fuse Blown” Indicator.......... 17 12 LED Continuity Tester............................... 17 13 LED Current Overload Indicator.............. 18 14 LED Current Range Indicator................... 20 15 1.5 Volt LED “Zener”................. '............ 22 16 Extending Zener Voltage........................... 22 17 Four Voltage Regulated Supply................. 23 18 PsychaLEDic Display.................................. 24 .19 Dual Colour Display.................................... 25 20 Dual Signal Device....................................... 26 21 LED Triple Signalling.................................. 27 22 Sub-Miniature Light Source for Model Railways . 28 23 Portable Television Protection Circuit . 29 24 Improved Portable TV Protection Circuit 30 25 LED Battery Tester..............................
621 212 Electronics and Communication Engineering Ec6304/Linear Integrated Circuits

DSEC/ECE/EC6304-LIC/QB 1 DHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE -621 212 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING EC6304/LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS QUESTION BANK UNIT 1(2 MARKS) 1. What is an integrated circuit? APRIL/MAY 2010 An integrated circuit (IC) is a miniature, low cost electronic circuit consisting of active and Passive components fabricated together on a single crystal of silicon. The active components are Transistors and diodes and passive components are resistors and capacitors. 2. What is current mirror? APRIL/MAY 2010 A constant current source (current mirror) makes use of the fact that for a transistor in the active mode of operation, the collector current is relatively independent of the collector voltage 3. What are two requirements to be met for a good current source? MAY/JUNE 2012 a. Superior insensitivity of circuit performance to power supply variations and temperature. b. More economical than resistors in terms of die area required providing bias currents of small value. c. When used as load element, the high incremental resistance of current source results in high voltage gains at low supply voltages. 4. What are all the important characteristics of ideal op-amp? APRIL/MAY 2015 Ideal characteristics of OPAMP 1. Open loop gain infinite 2. Input impedance infinite 3. Output impedance low 4. Bandwidth infinite 5. Zero offset, ie, Vo=0 when V1=V2=0 5. Define CMRR of OP-AMP APRIL/MAY 2011 The relative sensitivity of an op-amp to a difference signal as compared to a common - mode signal is called the common -mode rejection ratio. It is expressed in decibels.
1. Draw the Circuit Diagram of Basic CMOS Gate and Explain the Operation

1. Draw the circuit diagram of basic CMOS gate and explain the operation. The basic CMOS inverter circuit is shown in below figure. It consists of two MOS transistors connected in series (1-PMOS and 1-NMOS). The P-channel device source is connected to +VDD and the N-channel device source is connected to ground. The gates of the two devices are connected together as the common input VIN and the drains are connected together as the common output VOUT. Case 1: When Input is LOW If input VIN is low then the n-channel transistor Q1 is off, and it acts as a open switch since its Vgs is 0, but the top, p-channel transistor Q2 is on, and acts as a closed switch since its Vgs is a large negative value. This produces ouput voltage approximately +VDD as shown in fig 6(a). VOUT=VDD Case 2: When Input is HIGH If input VIN is high then the n-channel transistor Q1 is on, and it acts as a closed switch , but the top, p-channel transistor Q2 is off, and acts as a open switch. This produces ouput voltage approximately 0V as shown in fig 6(b). FUNCTION TABLE: VOUT=0V INPU Q1 Q2 OUTP T UT (VIN) (VOUT) 0 ON OFF 1 1 OFF ON 0 LOGIC SYMBOL: 2. Draw the resistive model of a CMOS inverter circuit and explain its behavior for LOW and HIGH outputs. CIRCUIT BEHAVIOR WITH RESISTIVE LOADS: CMOS gate inputs have very high impedance and consume very little current from the circuits that drive them.
Circuit Diagram

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Common schematic diagram symbols (US symbols) A circuit diagram (also known as an electrical diagram, elementary diagram, or electronic schematic) is a simplified conventional graphical representation of an electrical circuit. A pictorial circuit diagram uses simple images of components, while a schematic diagram shows the components of the circuit as simplified standard symbols; both types show the connections between the devices, including power and signal connections. Arrangement of the components interconnections on the diagram does not correspond to their physical locations in the finished device. Unlike a block diagram or layout diagram, a circuit diagram shows the actual wire connections being used. The diagram does not show the physical arrangement of components. A drawing meant to depict what the physical arrangement of the wires and the components they connect is called "artwork" or "layout" or the "physical design." Circuit diagrams are used for the design (circuit design), construction (such as PCB layout), and maintenance of electrical and electronic equipment. Symbols Circuit diagram symbols have differed from country to country and have changed over time, but are now to a large extent internationally standardized. Simple components often had symbols intended to represent some feature of the physical construction of the device. For example, the symbol for a resistor shown here dates back to the days when that component was made from a long piece of wire wrapped in such a manner as to not produce inductance, which would have made it a coil. These wirewound resistors are now used only in high-power applications, smaller resistors being cast from carbon composition (a mixture of carbon and filler) or fabricated as an insulating tube or chip coated with a metal film.
Digital and System Design

Digital System Design — Use of Microcontroller RIVER PUBLISHERS SERIES IN SIGNAL, IMAGE & SPEECH PROCESSING Volume 2 Consulting Series Editors Prof. Shinsuke Hara Osaka City University Japan The Field of Interest are the theory and application of filtering, coding, trans- mitting, estimating, detecting, analyzing, recognizing, synthesizing, record- ing, and reproducing signals by digital or analog devices or techniques. The term “signal” includes audio, video, speech, image, communication, geophys- ical, sonar, radar, medical, musical, and other signals. • Signal Processing • Image Processing • Speech Processing For a list of other books in this series, see final page. Digital System Design — Use of Microcontroller Dawoud Shenouda Dawoud R. Peplow University of Kwa-Zulu Natal Aalborg Published, sold and distributed by: River Publishers PO box 1657 Algade 42 9000 Aalborg Denmark Tel.: +4536953197 EISBN: 978-87-93102-29-3 ISBN:978-87-92329-40-0 © 2010 River Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publishers. Dedication To Nadia, Dalia, Dina and Peter D.S.D To Eleanor and Caitlin R.P. v This page intentionally left blank Preface Electronic circuit design is not a new activity; there have always been good designers who create good electronic circuits. For a long time, designers used discrete components to build first analogue and then digital systems. The main components for many years were: resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors and so on. The primary concern of the designer was functionality however, once functionality has been met, the designer’s goal is then to enhance per- formance.
LTSPICE SOFTWARE Beginner's Guide

L2EEA Electronique 2ème semestre v2017 LTSPICE SOFTWARE Beginner’s guide Preliminary calculations must be done before the practical session Aims: • Perform a harmonic study with LTSPICE software • Know how to plot a Bode plot with LTSPICE The time for this initiation must not exceed 45 minutes. LTSPICE is a freeware generally used for the modelling or analog electronic circuits. It is distributed by LinearTechnology © and can be freely downloaded for windows OS (link: http://www.linear.com/designtools/software). Two kinds of studies can be done with LTSPICE. Two kinds of studies can be performed for an electronic circuit by using LTSPICE: - Harmonic study , in the frequency space - Transient analysis, in the time space The software can also be used for parametric study by varying the numerical value of a component of the circuit (resistance, DC supply, capacitor etc..). For all the cases the modelling of an electronic circuit should be done following these three steps: 1st step: Circuit diagram realization 2nd step: definition of simulation parameters (harmonic or transient study) and use (or not) of a parametric study. 3rd step: Run the simulation and visualization and analysis of the results. 1. Frequency behavior of a passive RC circuit Becoming familiar with the software by studying the frequency behavior of an RC circuit. The very first step is to create a new project with the software and to save it. For this, you have to click on the LTSPICE icon (on the desktop). Then, click on “File Menu” and on “New schematic”. Save your project in a folder named “your name” on the desktop by using the “save as” command.
Parasitic Oscillation (Power MOSFET Paralleling)

MOSFET Parallening (Parasitic Oscillation between Parallel Power MOSFETs) Description This document explains structures and characteristics of power MOSFETs. © 2017 - 2018 1 2018-07-26 Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Corporation Table of Contents Description ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................. 2 1. Parallel operation of MOSFETs ........................................................................................................... 3 2. Current imbalance caused by a mismatch in device characteristics (parallel operation) ..................... 3 2.1. Current imbalance in steady-state operation ......................................................................................... 3 2.2. Current imbalance during switching transitions ............................................................................. 3 3. Parasitic oscillation (parallel operation) ............................................................................................... 4 3.1. Gate voltage oscillation caused by drain-source voltage oscillation ........................................... 4 3.2. Parasitic oscillation of parallel MOSFETs .......................................................................................... 5 3.2.1. Preventing parasitic oscillation of parallel MOSFETs ..............................................................................