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La Piazza Navona Et Ses Fleuves

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La Piazza Navona Et Ses Fleuves '.La Piazza Navona et ses fleuves La Piazza Navona d ses mirons a Fontaine des Quatre-Fleuves se L'ensemble monumental des trois fon- nale, qui confia son secret à un soldat dresse, royale, sur l'une des plus taines s'inscrit dans un plan somptueux romain. C'est avec cette eau, desser- Lbelles et des plus animées places imaginé par le propriétaire d'un hôtel vant également la Fontaine de Trevi, de Rome, la Piazza Navona. Elle est particulier de la Place qui-connut I'hon- que les Anglais visitant Rome firent leur I'œuvre du Bernin ;c'est l'un des chefs- neur suprême ; le noble Pamphili fut thé pendant des générations. Que cette d'œuvre du Baroque, daté de 1651. élevé au pontificat sous le nom eau soit d'excellente qualité, peut en Quatre statues monumentales, exécu- d'Innocent X (1644-1655). Devenir pape témoigner également Anita Ekberg dans thes par quatre sculpteurs différents, signifiait alors disposer de ressources uLa Dolce Vita#. L'Eau Vierge représentent les grands fleuves du et de pouvoirs presqu'illimités ... L'en- emprunte le vieil aqueduc Virgo Monde connus au xvii"siècle, le Nil, le semble palais, fontaines et alimentation construit en 19 avant J.-C. par le consul Rio de la Plata, le Danube et le Gange. en eau atteignit néanmoins un coût qui Marc Agrippa, gendre d'Auguste. L'Afrique est symbolisée par un lion, écrasa la plèbe romaine : vingt-neuf Fatigué par les siècles, l'aqueduc Virgo, I'Amérique par des pièces d'or, l'Europe mille écus furent nécessaires pour la devenu aqueduc dell'Acqua Vergina, fut par un cheval et l'Asie par un palmier. seule Fontaine des Quatre-Fleuves et restauré par MartinV (moitié du La statue du Nil a le visage couvert, car les impôts, dont une taxe sur le pain, XV siècle). D'autres travaux furent personne en Europe ,ne connaissait plurent; la taille des miches fut nécessaires, sous Urbain VIII, autour de alors les sources du grand fleuve afri- réduite... Le ((titi)) romain, très fron- la Fontaine de Trevi, travaux financés cain : c'est l'importance de l'embou- deur, pasticha alors les noces de Cana : par une taxe sur le vin ! D'où la fronde chure du Rio de la Plata qui faisait croire (( Seigneur, si seulement ces pierres populaire : ((Urbain, après que tu aies que ce fleuve était plus grand que pouvaient se transformer en pain !N. taxé le vin, tu amuses le peuple avec l'Amazone. Une fontaine aussi ravissante que celle les jets d'eaur. En effet, Urbain Vlll avait aussi agrémenté les abords immé- Sur la même place Navona, toujours de l'Escargot fut écartée de la Piazza Navona ; ses dimensions, notamment, diats de la résidence familiale, le Palais dans une optique tropicaliste, se dresse 'Barberini ; l'eau cascade toujours de la aussi la Fontaine du Maure, également n'étaient pas assez monumentales. Elle fontaine du Triton et de celle des due au Bernin. Le Maure, entouré de fut donnée par le Pape à une cousine Abeilles sur la Piazza Barberini. tritons, serait l'ambassadeur du roi du avant de finir dans le parc familial de la Villa Doria Pamphili ... Congo, Alvaro, allié des Portugais. Piazza Navona, jeux de batailles navales L'ambassadeur noir fut nommé à Rome Pour l'alimentation des fontaines, (Naurmachie) depuis le ler siècle : sous le pontificat d'urbain VI11 (1623- Innocent X, dès 1645, décida d'utiliser seule l'eau coula dans cet ancien cirque 1644). l'Eau Vierge, c'est-à-dire, l'eau de la de Domitien. Grâce à l'eau de l'aqueduc meilleure qualité parmi celles qui ali- Virgo, long de 26 km, qui parcourt le Tournons la tête à l'autre extrémité de mentaient Rome. Son nom dériverait de nord de la cité, l'empereur Domitien la place, vers la troisième fontaine où la source qui l'alimente découverte à peut, entre 81 et 96 après J.-C., édifier triomphe Neptune. Salone par une jeune personne, virgi- le (( Circus Agonalis )> dont l'arène, le 78 Documentaire de jardins publics avec fontaines et du premier Panthéon. Le cirque nautique de Domitien, de forme allongée et du même type de ceux des courses de chars, était animé par des jeux empruntés aux Anciens Grecs notamment de nombreuses batailles navales en N miniature n. Avant même la chute de l'Empire, une partie du cirque fut démantelée en 356 et les naumachies cessèrent mais le lieu, avec sa place et ses gradins ruinés, resta jus- Les jeux d'eau reprirent toutefois, grâce qu'à la Renaissance un lieu de ren- à I'Eau Vierge et cela de façon assidue, contres entouré de maisons, et le siège jusqu'à la fin du x1x"siècle oÙ I'en- du grand marché romain. Lorsque I'Eau semble de la Piazza Navona était inondé Vierge recoula au Wsiècle, un, grand volontairement pendant la canicule esti- , abreuvoir à chevaux fut installé au vale. Autour du #Lac de la Piazza centre de la place. En 1577, l'abreuvoir Navona u, se rassemblaient les badauds devenant objet d'agrément, une congré- qui s'esclaffaient lorsque prélats, en gation éleva autour de la fontaine une longue robe, et nobles, en grand appa- barrière. D'où la plaisanterie : crll ne rat, devaient traverser la place. faut s'étonner la ceinture car elle sable, est devenue la Piazza Navona qu'on Piazza Navona, Place Navire ; Piazza est vierge. Le (< Circus Agonalis J) de que nous connaissons aujourd'hui. H Navona : e la nave va... Domitien devint pour le peuple Dans cette dépression, située à aNAgonau qui se cristallisa sous la quelques centaines de mètres du fleuve forme ((Navonar. A côté, sur le ((Sta- Alain ' GlODA (1) et sur sa rive gauche, Marc Agrippa gnum Agrippa u, depuis longtemps avait déjà creusé un lac artificiel, le comblé, s'édifia notamment I'Eglise (1) L'auteur, hydrologue, est attaché ?iI'ORSTOM (Y Stagnum Agrippae 11. Grâce à celui-ci Saint André de la Vallée, toponyme (Institut français de recherche scientifique pour le furent construits les Thermes d'Agrippa transparent faisant allusion au caractère développement en coopbration) de Montpellier (27-25avant J.-C.) à côté d'un odéon, déprimé de cette partie de'la cité. (34032). Traitement des Eaux Technologies de l'Environnement U.V. - OZONE UNE ASSOCIATION UNIQUE eau : potable, process, ultra-pure, résiduaire ... << l'avance technologique qui fait la différence )) WEDECO S.A. Z.I. du Bel Air - 3 bis, rue Barthélemy Thimonnier - 78120 RAMBOUILLET Tél. (1) 34.85.78.04 - Fax (1) 30.59.24.97 L'EAU, L'INDUSTRIE. LES NUISANCES - N- 142 - DÉCEMBRE 1990 79 .
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