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Index ablation see disbudding Angola, ancestral palms, 147 basal stem rot see Ganoderma abnormal flowering of clones, 212–215 production and exports, 5, 12–13, 15 Beauveria, 406, 452, 453 effect of culture media, 213 prospection, 154 Benin, climate, 55, 62 testing for abnormality, 215, 224 Angola pisifera cf. AVROS, 199 import of palm oil, 20 abortion, 121–124 animal fats-world production, 7 irrigation, 304 effect of fruiting activity, 118 animal feed, from by-products, 482 production, area, yield, exports, 5, 12–15 effect of planting density, 280 kernel cake, 464 smallholders, 24 preferential abortion, 123–124 anisidine value, 476 best management practice, 326–327 timing, 121–123 anthracnose, 400 Binga breeding material, 150 abscisic acid, possible effect on sex anti-palm oil campaigns, 519 origin, 145–146 ratio, 120 ants, leaf-cutting, 438 biochar, 396 stomatal closure, 110 Apanteles sp, 449 biodegradable plastics, 223, 481 abscission, fruit, 49, 132, 182, 310 aphids, 438 biodiesel, 507–518 leaves, 34 apical meristem, 34 carbon balance, 513–514 acid sands, 85 Apiospora sp, 408 characteristics, 511 acid sulphate soils, 75 Apogonia, 439 effect on demand for oils, 484 drainage, 254–255 Arecaceae, 30 energy balance of production, 512 nutrient deficiencies, 391 Armillaria, 400 ethics of production, 517 active weeks: yield forecasting, 135 ASD Costa Rica, 148, 152 see also food supplies, 515–517 additive variation, 164 Costa Rica fuel security, 518 Adoretus, 439 Asia and Oceania: production, area, future demand, 535 advanced planting material,
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