Committed to a Sustainable Future

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Committed to a Sustainable Future The Management Discussion & Analysis provides a thorough overview of our business activities for the year and provides Management a glimpse into our strategic plans moving Discussion & forward. Analysis P. 10 Our year in pictorial review and highlights of media coverage in 2016. Corporate Calendar & Media Highlights P. 42-43 A detailed report of our initiatives in the discharge of our corporate responsibilities. Corporate Responsibility P. 46 Committed to a Sustainable Future ANNUAL REPORT 2016 TH PLANTATIONS BERHAD • Annual Report 2016 1 > Cover Rationale Three palm fronds come together to depict the interwoven nature of our business, our environment and our communities. While each frond stands as an individual, there are areas of overlap as there are between our business, environment and communities. The three fronds work together in harmony to provide sustenance to the oil palm tree and we endeavour to find a similar balance in our business activities to sustain our Company. The green and gold reflect our Islamic roots and our efforts to embody its teachings in our Company culture. Finally, the four icons below the title of the report symbolise our approach towards corporate responsibility and sustainability: through good agricultural practice, by nurturing our people, by protecting the environment and by practising good corporate governance. rd ANNUAL GENERAL 43 MEETING VENUE Pacific Ballroom, Level 2 Seri Pacific Hotel Kuala Lumpur Jalan Putra, 50746 Kuala Lumpur DATE Monday, 8 May 2017 TIME 10.00 a.m. Please scan this QR code with your smartphone to access our website www.thplantations.my The Management Discussion & Analysis provides a thorough overview of our business activities for the year and provides Management a glimpse into our strategic plans moving Discussion & forward. Analysis P. 10 Our year in pictorial review and highlights of media coverage in 2016. Corporate Calendar & Media Highlights P. 42-43 A detailed report of our initiatives in the discharge of our corporate responsibilities. Corporate Responsibility P. 46 Inside this report > 04 About this Report 46 Corporate Responsibility 05 Notice of the 43rd Annual General 58 Statement on Corporate Governance Meeting 78 Statement on Risk Management 07 Statement Accompanying the Notice of and Internal Control the 43rd Annual General Meeting 83 Audit Committee Report 10 Management Discussion & Analysis 89 Additional Compliance Information 20 Corporate Information 90 Performance Statistics 22 Corporate Structure 98 Consolidated Financial Statements 26 Board of Directors 195 Analysis of Shareholdings 28 Directors’ Profiles 198 Properties Owned by the Group 39 Senior Management Profiles 204 Corporate Directory 42 Corporate Calendar 208 Abbreviations 43 Media Highlights • Proxy Form 6 7 32 102,000 Palm Oil Mills Forestry Plantations Oil Palm Estates hectares with a total milling in Sabah in Malaysia & Indonesia of land bank capacity of 240 metric tonnes per hour as at 15 March 2017 The Journey to A Sustainable Future FFB Production Pahang Terengganu Johor FFB Production Yield 800,000 Indonesia 23.86 24 700,000 Sarawak 22.43 22.39 Sabah 21.51 600,000 21.48 22 20.58 (MT/Ha) FFB Yield 20.52 500,000 19.89 20 400,000 18.17 FFB Production (MT) FFB Production 300,000 18 200,000 321,273 286,723 347,546 519,289 463,949 513,276 524,665 781,577 788,090 797,600 731,509 16 100,000 15.36 0 14.40 14 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 19% 22% Semenanjung Sarawak 3% 42% 6% Average Age: 9% Average Age: 10 Years 8 Years 19% 23% 7% 20% 62% Group 20% Average Age: 15% 0% 9 Years 8% 16% Sabah Indonesia Average Age: Average Age: 16 Years 1 Year 48% 32% 29% 100% as at 15 March 2017 25 >(Old Mature) 20 - 25 (Mature) 10 - 19 (Prime Mature) 4 - 9 (Young Mature) < 4 (Immature) Our Core Business Developing Marketing and CPO, PK cultivating and FFB oil palm Processing FFB into CPO and PK Management Agent About this Report TH Plantations Berhad (“THP”) is committed to the transparent disclosure of all its business activities and endeavours to provide clear and accurate information about all its business activities. This includes balanced and objective disclosures about our financial performance, our risks and opportunities and our future prospects. These are benchmarked against our short-, medium- and long-term strategic goals, which are also detailed in this report. Scope and boundary This report contains forward-looking statements characterised by the use of words or phrases such as “might”, “forecast”, “anticipate”, This report has been prepared in accordance with the guidelines “project”, “may”, “believe”, “predict”, “expect”, “continue”, “will”, provided by Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad (“Bursa Malaysia”). The “estimate”, “target”, and other similar expressions. The report may also scope of this report is limited to the business activities of THP and its contain forecast information such as improvements in production or subsidiaries where it has a controlling interest for the financial year expectations of commodity price movements. Finally, the report may ended 31 December 2016. Where applicable or helpful, references to also stipulate a certain course of action with regard to our business previous financial years and to plans for the future will be made. activities moving forward into the future. As part of our efforts to incorporate best practices into our annual We affirm that these statements reflect our position and beliefs disclosures, we have prepared a “Management Discussion & Analysis” as at the time of writing. However, we recognise that we operate (“MD&A”) section that provides a more comprehensive analysis of in a changing environment. Hence, there are uncertainties or new our business performance and the way it relates to our strategy. The developments that could cause actual results or actions to differ from information in the MD&A also provides a more thorough discussion those stated in these forward-looking statements. Thus the forward- of our business risks and opportunities, and our plans to mitigate looking statements should not be understood as a guarantee of and take advantage of them, respectively. The MD&A has also been results or of the course of action that will be taken. prepared in accordance with Bursa Malaysia guidelines. Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors: TAN SRI DATO’ SRI AB. AZIZ BIN KASIM DATO’ SRI ZAINAL AZWAR BIN ZAINAL AMINUDDIN Chairman Chief Executive Officer/Executive Director < 4 TH PLANTATIONS BERHAD • Annual Report 2016 Notice of the 43rd Annual General Meeting NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT the Forty-Third Annual General Meeting (“43rd AGM”) of TH Plantations Berhad (“THP” or “the Company”) will be held at the Pacific Ballroom, Level 2, Seri Pacific Hotel Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Putra, 50746 Kuala Lumpur on Monday, 8 May 2017 at 10.00 a.m. to transact the following businesses: As Ordinary Businesses 1. To receive the Audited Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2016 together with Reports of Please refer to the Directors and the Auditors thereon. Explanatory Note 1 2. To approve the declaration of a First and Final Single Tier Dividend of 6 sen per Ordinary Share for the year Ordinary Resolution 1 ended 31 December 2016. 3. To approve the payment of Directors’ Fees and benefits payable of RM1,270,000.00 for the year ended Ordinary Resolution 2 31 December 2016. 4. To re-elect Dato’ Azizan bin Abd Rahman, who shall retire by rotation in accordance with Article 84 of the Ordinary Resolution 3 Constitution of the Company and being eligible, offered himself for re-election. 5. To re-elect Dato’ Amran bin Mat Nor, who shall retire by rotation in accordance with Article 84 of the Ordinary Resolution 4 Constitution of the Company and being eligible, offered himself for re-election. 6. To re-elect Dato’ Sri Zainal Azwar bin Zainal Aminuddin, who shall retire by rotation in accordance with Article Ordinary Resolution 5 84 of the Constitution of the Company and being eligible, offered himself for re-election. 7. To re-appoint KPMG Desa Megat PLT (Formerly known as KPMG Desa Megat & Co.) as Auditors of the Ordinary Resolution 6 Company in respect of the financial year ending 31 December 2017 and to authorise the Board of Directors to determine the Auditors’ remuneration. As Special Business To consider, and if deemed fit, to pass with or without modification, the following Resolution: 8. Proposed Renewal of Shareholders’ Mandate for Existing Recurrent Related Party Transactions of a Ordinary Resolution 7 Revenue or Trading Nature “THAT, subject always to the provisions of the Main Market Listing Requirements of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad (“Listing Requirements”), approval be and is hereby given for the renewal of the existing Shareholders’ Mandate for the Company and/or its Subsidiaries to enter into recurrent related party transactions of a revenue or trading nature as set out in Section 2.4.1 of the Circular to Shareholders dated 14 April 2017 with the related parties described therein provided that such transactions are necessary for the Group’s day-to- day operations, carried out in the normal course of business, at arm’s length, on normal commercial terms, not more favourable to the related parties than those generally available to the public and are not to the detriment of the minority shareholders; AND THAT such approval granted shall take effect immediately upon passing of this Resolution and shall continue to be in force until: i. the conclusion of the next AGM of the Company following the forthcoming AGM at which such mandate is approved, at which time it will lapse, unless by a resolution passed at the next AGM, the mandate is renewed; ii. the expiration of the period within which the next AGM of the Company after the forthcoming AGM is required to be held pursuant to Section 340(2) of the Companies Act, 2016, (but shall not extend to such extension as may be allowed pursuant to Section 340(4) of the Companies Act, 2016); or iii.
Recommended publications
  • Bunch Moth, Tirathaba Rufivena (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Infestation Census from Oil Palm Plantation on Peat Soil in Sarawak
    Serangga20(1): 43-53 ISSN 1394-5130 © 2015, Centre for Insects Systematic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia BUNCH MOTH, TIRATHABA RUFIVENA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) INFESTATION CENSUS FROM OIL PALM PLANTATION ON PEAT SOIL IN SARAWAK Zulkefli Masijan, Norman Kamarudin, Ramle Moslim, Alindra Gerald Sintik, Siti Nurul Hidayah Ahmad and Siti Ramlah Ahmad Ali Biological Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Corresponding email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Tirathaba rufivena is the major pest in oil palm plantation planted in peat soil in Sarawak. High infestation was reported in Miri, Mukah and Sibu. Censuses on the infestation of T. rufivena were conducted at three different locations, i.e. in Miri (young palm), Mukah (mature palm) and Sibu (ablation samples). Samples for census were taken from infested bunches, female and male inflorescences. The census was done by chopping the bunches and the female inflorescences while for the male inflorescences, the bottom of spikelets were cut to determine the number of live larvae and pupae. The census 44 Serangga reveiled that in Sibu, a high infestation of T. rufivena was found on male inflorescences compared to bunches of female inflorescences. The mean number of live larvae found in male inflorescences for the first and second day of census recorded 35.3 ± 15.7 and 14.0 ± 7.3, respectively. The highest number of live larvae recorded from male inflorescences was 207 and 65, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean number of live larvae from infested bunches and female inflorescences on the first day were 9.9 ± 3.5 and 19.4 ± 4.4, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • RM New Entries 2016 Mar.Pdf
    International Plant Nutrition Institute Regional Office • Southeast Asia Date: March 31, 2016 Page: 1 of 88 New Entries to IPNI Library as References Roberts T. L. 2008. Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 32:177-182. Reference ID: 21904 Notes: #21904e Abstract: Public interest and awareness of the need for improving nutrient use efficiency is great, but nutrient use efficiency is easily misunderstood. Four indices of nutrient use efficiency are reviewed and an example of different applications of the terminology show that the same data set might be used to calculate a fertilizer N efficiency of 21% or 100%. Fertilizer N recovery efficiencies from researcher managed experiments for major grain crops range from 46% to 65%, compared to on-farm N recovery efficiencies of 20% to 40%. Fertilizer use efficiency can be optimized by fertilizer best management practices that apply nutrients at the right rate, time, and place. The highest nutrient use efficiency always occurs at the lower parts of the yield response curve, where fertilizer inputs are lowest, but effectiveness of fertilizers in increasing crop yields and optimizing farmer profitability should not be sacrificed for the sake of efficiency alone. There must be a balance between optimal nutrient use efficiency and optimal crop productivity. Souza L. F. D.and D. H. Reinhardt. 2015. Pineapple. Pages 179-201 IPO. Reference ID: 21905 Notes: #21905e Abstract: Pineapple is one of the tropical fruits in greatest demand on the international market, with world production in 2004 of 16.1 million mt. Of this total, Asia produces 51% (8.2 million mt), with Thailand (12%) and the Philippines (11%) the two most productive countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Coconut Revival: New Possibilities for the ‘Tree of Life’
    Coconut revival: new possibilities for the ‘tree of life’ Proceedings of the International Coconut Forum held in Cairns, Australia, 22–24 November 2005 Editors: S.W. Adkins, M. Foale and Y.M.S. Samosir Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 2006 The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has a specific research competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. Material presented in this document is the responsibility of the authors. The opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views of the editors. Members of the program committee were Dr Yohannes Samosir (University of Queensland) (Chair), Mr Mike Foale (CSIRO), Mr Sisunandar (University of Queensland), Dr Steve Adkins (University of Queensland) and Ms Cherri Buffett. The administrative support of Mrs Christine Brown, Mrs Jane Gilpin, Mrs Melissa Anderson and Mrs Dianne Waters is gratefully acknowledged. The papers in these proceedings were peer reviewed for their scientific content and merit, and the reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments. ACIAR PROCEEDINGS SERIES This series of publications includes the full proceedings of research workshops or symposia organised or supported by ACIAR. Numbers in this series are distributed internationally to selected individuals and scientific institutions. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra, ACT 2601 Adkins, S.W., Foale, M.
    [Show full text]
  • Expert Consultation on Coconut Beetle Outbreak in Apppc Member Countries
    RAP PUBLICATION 2004/29 Report of the EXPERT CONSULTATION ON COCONUT BEETLE OUTBREAK IN APPPC MEMBER COUNTRIES 26-27 October 2004, Bangkok, Thailand RAP PUBLICATION 2004/29 Report of the expert consultation on coconut beetle outbreak in APPPC member countries 26-27 October 2004, Bangkok, Thailand FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangkok, 2004 The designation and presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for sale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Plant Protection Officer, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Maliwan Mansion, 39 Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200, Thailand or by e-mail to: [email protected] © FAO 2004 For copies write to: Piao Yongfan FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Maliwan Mansion 39 Phra Atit Road Bangkok 10200 THAILAND Tel: (+66) 2 697 4000 Fax: (+66) 2 697 4445 E-mail: [email protected] ii Contents Page Report of the expert consultation on coconut beetle outbreak in APPPC member countries Executive summary................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Tirathaba Rufivena Walker
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(1): 1117-1118 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 New record of coconut spike moth (Tirathaba JEZS 2018; 6(1): 1117-1118 © 2018 JEZS rufivena Walker) from Bastar tribal belt of Received: 16-11-2017 Accepted: 19-12-2017 Chhattisgarh Rajesh Kumar Patel JRF, AICRP on Palms, S. G. College of Agriculture and Rajesh Kumar Patel, PK Salam and Beena Singh Research Station, Jagdalpur, IGKV, Chhattisgarh, India Abstract A field survey on coconut spike moth was conducted at S. G. College of Agriculture and Research PK Salam Station, Jagdalpur and some nearby areas of Bastar, Chhattisgarh during 2016-17. During the study it was Scientist (Agronomy) AICRP on observed that this moth infested the coconut palms as a minor pest. It caused nearly 6-9 per cent nut loss Palms, S. G. College of Agriculture and Research to the coconut palms. The infestation of this pest can be reduced by collection and destruction of the Station, Jagdalpur, IGKV, affected nuts because they may carry the larvae of this pest. Chhattisgarh, India Keywords: Coconut spike moth, loss, coconut, Bastar Beena Singh Scientist (Horticulture) AICRP 1. Introduction on Palms, S. G. College of Tirathaba rufivena [1] is a moth of the family Pyralidae. The coconut spike moth is often Agriculture and Research Station, Jagdalpur, IGKV, referred to as bunch moth in Oil palm. It is a major pest of palm plants such as Cocos nucifera [2] Chhattisgarh, India L., Areca catechu L. and Elaeis guineensis . It is found from Southeast Asia to the Pacific Islands including China, Malaysia, the Cook Islands, the Philippines and the tropical region of Queensland.
    [Show full text]
  • STATUS FITOSSANITÁRIO DA CULTURA DO MAMOEIRO (Carica Papaya L.) NO ESTADO DO CEARÁ, COM ÊNFASE NA EXPORTAÇÃO DE FRUTAS in NATURA PARA O JAPÃO
    MARCOS ANTONIO BARBOZA STATUS FITOSSANITÁRIO DA CULTURA DO MAMOEIRO (Carica papaya L.) NO ESTADO DO CEARÁ, COM ÊNFASE NA EXPORTAÇÃO DE FRUTAS IN NATURA PARA O JAPÃO Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Defesa Sanitária Vegetal, para obtenção do título de Magister Scientiae. VIÇOSA MINAS GERAIS-BRASIL 2015 O “ENHOR é o meu pastor, nada me faltará. Deitar-me faz em verdes pastos, guia-me mansamente a águas tranqüilas. Refrigera a minha alma; guia-me pelas veredas da justiça, por amor do seu nome. Ainda que eu andasse pelo vale da sombra da morte, não temeria mal algum, porque tu estás comigo; a tua vara e o teu cajado me consolam. Preparas uma mesa perante mim na presença dos meus inimigos, unges a minha cabeça com óleo, o meu cálice transborda. Certamente que a bondade e a misericórdia me seguirão todos os dias da minha vida; e habitarei na casa do SENHOR por longos dias. “ALMO . ii DEDICATÓRIA A DEUS, pelo dom da vida e sabedoria. A ELE, toda glória e louvor. À minha família, meu porto seguro e ponto de equilíbrio. Aos meus amores eternos: minha esposa Tatiana Cíntia, meus filhos Júlia Kalili e Gustavo Danton. Aos meus pais, José Leite e Josefa Leite pelo amor e esforço incondicional dedicado à minha educação e formação, pautada em princípios éticos, morais e religiosos. iii AGRADECIMENTOS Ao amigo Rodrigo Viana pela disposição em colaborar com nosso trabalho. Ao Professor Paulo Parizzi pela colaboração, orientação e profissionalismo. Em especial, a Regina Sugayama: minha professora e orientadora.
    [Show full text]
  • Relationship of Oil Palm
    RELATIONSHIP OF OIL PALM INFLORESCENCE AND EVALUATION OF SEVERAL INSECTICIDES ON Tirathaba mundella Walker (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) AND Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) MUHAMMAD IDRUS SHUKOR UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA 2017 RELATIONSHIP OF OIL PALM INFLORESCENCE AND EVALUATION OF SEVERAL INSECTICIDES ON Tirathaba mundella Walker (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) AND Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) by MUHAMMAD IDRUS SHUKOR Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master Science July 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My highest gratitude to ALLAH for giving me this opportunity to pursuit my dream on becoming a post-graduate student. Praise to ALLAH for letting me complete this project. I would like to appreciate and honour my supervisor, Prof. Abu Hassan Ahmad for giving all of his effort in helping me completing this thesis. Without his guidance, I am sure this thesis will be a never ending task. A special thank you for my co- supervisor, Dr. Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid for always keeping me up-to-date especially to my study and my post-graduate time in general. Thank you so much to both of you. An appreciation towards Mr. Aiman Hanis Jasmi and Mr. Siaw Ting Chuan for giving me the opportunities to conduct my study in Ta Ann plantation. Thanks for helping me out from Sibu to Mukah so that this study can be done successfully. A special thanks I bid to Dr. Hasber Salim and Muhammad Farhan Ali for helping me in giving advices, good discussions and exchange experiences throughout my post-graduate time. It’s such a wondrous moments in meeting both of you.
    [Show full text]
  • The Major Arthropod Pests and Weeds of Agriculture in Southeast Asia
    The Major Arthropod Pests and Weeds of Agriculture in Southeast Asia: Distribution, Importance and Origin D.F. Waterhouse (ACIAR Consultant in Plant Protection) ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) Canberra AUSTRALIA The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has a special research competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MO'lOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or deemed relevant to ACIAR's research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World. © Australian Centre for 1I1lernational Agricultural Resl GPO Box 1571, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Waterhouse, D.F. 1993. The Major Arthropod Pests an Importance and Origin. Monograph No. 21, vi + 141pI- ISBN 1 86320077 0 Typeset by: Ms A. Ankers Publication Services Unit CSIRO Division of Entomology Canberra ACT Printed by Brown Prior Anderson, 5 Evans Street, Burwood, Victoria 3125 ii Contents Foreword v 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3 3. Contributors 5 4. Results 9 Tables 1. Major arthropod pests in Southeast Asia 10 2. The distribution and importance of major arthropod pests in Southeast Asia 27 3. The distribution and importance of the most important arthropod pests in Southeast Asia 40 4. Aggregated ratings for the most important arthropod pests 45 5. Origin of the arthropod pests scoring 5 + (or more) or, at least +++ in one country or ++ in two countries 49 6.
    [Show full text]
  • View Full Text Article
    Color profile: Disabled Composite 150 lpi at 45 degrees 2 Pests of Banana C.S. Gold,1 B. Pinese2 and J.E. Peña3 1International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, ESARC, PO Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; 2Queensland Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 1054, Mareeba, Queensland 4880, Australia; 3Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280 Street, Homestead, Florida 33031, USA Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) are among western Africa, Latin America and the Carib- the most important crops in tropical and sub- bean. Dessert bananas, especially Cavendish tropical climates. The genus Musa evolved in clones (AAA), are important export crops in South-East Asia (Stover and Simmonds, 1987) Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, Asia where numerous undomesticated Musa spe- and the Pacific, and Australia. cies still grow as ‘opportunistic weeds’ (Price, In terms of gross value of production, 1995). Edible bananas (Musa spp., Eumusa bananas and plantains are the fourth most series) originated within this region from two important global food crop. World production wild progenitors, Musa acuminata and M. is calculated to be 87,934,558 t (INIBAP, 2001). balbisiana, producing a series of diploids, trip- Export bananas are the developing world’s loids and tetraploids through natural hybrid- fourth most important commodity and most ization. Additionally, man has selected for important fruit crop (INIBAP, 2001). Bananas parthenocarpy (development of fruit without grown for export are almost exclusively of one pollination or seeds). Simmonds and Shep- variety, ‘Cavendish’; this cultivar accounts herd (1955) provided a key by which these for little more than 10% of global production.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    Index ablation see disbudding Angola, ancestral palms, 147 basal stem rot see Ganoderma abnormal flowering of clones, 212–215 production and exports, 5, 12–13, 15 Beauveria, 406, 452, 453 effect of culture media, 213 prospection, 154 Benin, climate, 55, 62 testing for abnormality, 215, 224 Angola pisifera cf. AVROS, 199 import of palm oil, 20 abortion, 121–124 animal fats-world production, 7 irrigation, 304 effect of fruiting activity, 118 animal feed, from by-products, 482 production, area, yield, exports, 5, 12–15 effect of planting density, 280 kernel cake, 464 smallholders, 24 preferential abortion, 123–124 anisidine value, 476 best management practice, 326–327 timing, 121–123 anthracnose, 400 Binga breeding material, 150 abscisic acid, possible effect on sex anti-palm oil campaigns, 519 origin, 145–146 ratio, 120 ants, leaf-cutting, 438 biochar, 396 stomatal closure, 110 Apanteles sp, 449 biodegradable plastics, 223, 481 abscission, fruit, 49, 132, 182, 310 aphids, 438 biodiesel, 507–518 leaves, 34 apical meristem, 34 carbon balance, 513–514 acid sands, 85 Apiospora sp, 408 characteristics, 511 acid sulphate soils, 75 Apogonia, 439 effect on demand for oils, 484 drainage, 254–255 Arecaceae, 30 energy balance of production, 512 nutrient deficiencies, 391 Armillaria, 400 ethics of production, 517 active weeks: yield forecasting, 135 ASD Costa Rica, 148, 152 see also food supplies, 515–517 additive variation, 164 Costa Rica fuel security, 518 Adoretus, 439 Asia and Oceania: production, area, future demand, 535 advanced planting material,
    [Show full text]
  • PESTS of the COCONUT PALM Mi Pests and Diseases Are Particularly Important Among the Factors Which Limit Agricultural Production and Destroy Stored Products
    PESTS of the COCONUT PALM mi Pests and diseases are particularly important among the factors which limit agricultural production and destroy stored products. This publication concerns the pests of the coconut palm and is intended for the use of research workers, personnel of plant protection services and growers Descriptions are given for each pest (adult or early stages), with information on the economic importance of the species the type of damage caused, and the control measures which have been applied (with or without success) up to the present time. The text deals with 110 species of insects which attack the palm in the field; in addition there arc those that attack copra in storage, as well as the various pests that are not insects This is the first of a series of publications on the pests and diseases of economically importani plants and plant products, and is intended primarily to fill a gap in currently available entomological and phytopathological literature and so to assist developing countries. PESTS OF THE COCONUT PALM Copyrighted material FAO Plant Production and Protection Series No. 18 PESTS OF THE COCONUT PALM b R.J.A.W. Lever FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome 1969 Thl 6 One 0A8R-598-HSG9 First printing 1969 Second printing 1979 P-14 ISBN 92-5-100857-4 © FAO 1969 Printed in Italy Copyrighted material FOREWORD Shortage of food is still one of the most pressing problems in many countries. Among the factors which limit agricultural production and destroy stored products, pests and diseases are particularly important.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Approach on Tirathaba Pest Infesting Oil Palm and Coconut Tree
    Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research Review Article Open Access They are different: molecular approach on Tirathaba pest infesting oil palm and coconut tree Abstract Volume 8 Issue 1 - 2018 There are some confusion among agriculturists on the species of Tirathba beetles Calvin Tan Zhe Khai, Su Chong Ming, Patricia that are infesting on oil palm and coconut trees. Many thought they are the same species. In this study, the mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) of King Jie Hung Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Tirathaba pest infested oil palm and coconut tree were compared. The mitochondrial Malaysia, Malaysia DNA Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of the targeted Tirathaba sp. infesting on oil palm and coconut tree were sequenced. The sequences were trimmed to remove Correspondence: Patricia King Jie Hung, Faculty of Agriculture gaps and produce a final aligned fragment of 603bp for oil palm Tirathaba sample and Food Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Bintulu, Sarawak and 602bp for coconut pest sample. The DNA sequences were analyzed with other Campus, P.O Box 396, Nyabau Road,97008, Malaysia, Tirathaba sp. sequences available in Gene bank using phylogenetic tree constructed Email [email protected] with Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and genetic distance analysis algorithms. The result of this study indicates they were two different species. This knowledge will provide Received: October 10, 2017 | Published: February 14, 2018 important data elements in the development of pest management strategy. Introduction data to determine if the Tirathaba species from both type of plantation belongs to same species. High infestation rate of Tirathaba mundella was reported from many oil palm plantations established on peat Masijan et al.1 The Methods infestation is identified by the presence of long tubes of silk and frass which is built by the pest.
    [Show full text]