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Cap 2 Invertebrados Pp 158-165.Pdf CAPÍTULO 2. INVERTEBRADOS Las comunidades con los valores mayores de la riqueza En general, la riqueza obtenida por los estimadores observada y estimada fueron las pertenecientes a los no paramétricos fue aproximada o coincidente con la bosques semideciduos (BSD) (Tabla 2.3.2; Fig. 2.3.10), observada (Tabla 2.3.2). Donde mayor coincidencia aunque la riqueza del BSVde Santa María se superpone hubo, a pesar de su menor tamaño de muestra rela- con la del MXAen este cayo. Elmenor valor de la riqueza tivo, fue en el MXCde Playa Strombus. En el resto de de especie observada se obtuvo para el MXCen Sabinal, las comunidades se detectó al menos una especie rara, cuyo valor también se superpone levemente al intervalo y se obtuvo el mayor valor en el BSD de Cayo Coco de confianza del MXAde Santa María. (Tabla 2.3.2). Tabla 2.3.2. Valores de la riqueza observada y la riqueza estimada por cinco (5) estimadores no paramétricos en cinco (5) comunidades de moluscos terrestres del Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagüey. Co: Coco, Sm: Santa María, Sa: Sabinal. BSD: Bosque semideciduo, BSV: Bosque siempreverde, MXA: Matorral xeromorfo costero sobre arena, MXC: Matorral xeromorfo costero, BCI: Bosque de ciénaga. N: Número de parcelas. Índices CoBSD 5mBSD SmMXA SaMXC SaBCI N 24 24 24 15 30 SOb' 9 6 3 2 4 Cha01 9.25 ± 0.74 8 ± 3.74 3 ± 0.41 2 4 ± 0.43 Cha02 9.72 ± 1.38 6.32 ± 0.9 3 ± 0.24 2 4 ± 0.42 Jack1 11.88 ± 1.59 7.92 ± 1.33 3.96 ± 0.96 2 4.97 ± 0.97 Jack2 11.99 8 4 2 5.9 A pesar de que las réplicas en el tiempo en las áreas de fianza (Fig. 2.3.8). Aunque las curvas de acumulación estudio de Coco y Santa María fueron mucho menores de especies al parecer tienden a saturarse (Fig. 2.3.9), que en las comunidades de Sabinal, estas muestran el esfuerzo de muestreo no fue suficiente para obte- mayores valores de la riqueza de especies, aunque ner valores de riqueza representativos en todos los poco precisos, según el rango de su intervalo de con- ensambles. 12 IU N 10 IU \1:= Q 8 j 1=.1 GI 't:I 6 <Il Q 4 I ~ • 100 .GI•.• 2 t • = - O CoBSD 5mBSV SmMXA SaMXC SaBCI Sitios de muestre o Figura 2.3.8. Número de especies observadas (Sobs) y sus intervalos de confianza (95 %, de acuerdo al modelo Mao Tau) en cinco comu- nidades de moluscos terrestres del archipiélago de Sabana-Camagüey. Ca: Coco, Sm: Santa María, Sa: Sabinal BSD: Bosque sernideciduo, BSV: Bosque siempreverde, MXA: matorral xeromorfo costero sobre arena, MXC: Matorral xeromorfo costero, BCI: Bosque de ciénaga. 158 CAPÍTULO 2. INVERTEBRADOS 10 9 -CoBSD 8 ..:l. 7 -SmBSV ~ 6 -SmMXA ~5 ~ 4 -SaMXC ~ 3 2 -SaBC! 1 O+-""-r.-.-.,-.-r.-~,,-r.-.-.,-.-r.-,,,,-r.-.-., 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627282930 No. Parcelas Figura 2.3.9. Curvas de acumulación de especies de la riqueza observada en cinco comunidades de molusco s terrestres del ar- chipiélago de Sabana-Camagüey. Co: Coco, Sm: Santa María, Sa: Sabinal BSD: Bosque semideciduo, BSV: Bosque siempreverde, MXA: matorral xeromorfo costero sobre arena, MXC: Matorral xeromorfo costero, BCI: Bosque de ciénaga. Los valores bajos de la riqueza de especies en los Al analizar la estructura de las comunidades, se matorrales xeromoros (MXC y MXA) coinciden con observa que todas presentan una pendiente inclinada, lo reportado para otras localidades del archipiélago lo que evidencia la dominancia numérica de algunas cubano, como por ejemplo en Tararaco, Playa Santa especies y por ende valores bajos de equitatividad Lucía, Camagüey, con una comunidad compuesta solo (Fig. 2.3.10 Y 2.3.11. Al detallar en la composición de por el Cerion bioscai y C. naevula (Barrio, 2009a). Tam- las comunidades estudiadas, encontramos que C. nae- bién en los cayos Cachiboca, Anclitas y Caguamas, del vula es la única especie presente en los tres tipos de archipiélago Jardines de la Reina, en el MXC se detec- hábitats y en cinco comunidades (Figs. 2.3.10 y 2.3.11), taron solo dos especies (Barrio, 2009b). En punta de aunque con valores relativos de abundancia bajos a Maisí, Guantánamo, la comunidad del MXC estuvo medios (0,017-0,4 individuos/m"), lo cual sin duda es integrado por seis especies (Maceira, 2000). indicativo de su gran plasticidad ambiental. .,N >- E ° u u~ \~ -0,5 -1 .C... SaBCI \~ S.MXC Q H'= 0.92 H'= 0.47 J'= 0.67 b'.o -1,5 CoBSD ee SmMXA J'= 0.67 N Q H'= 1.73 H'= 0.04 ,.,;¡ J'= 0.79 J'= 0.03 -2 5mBSV -2,5 H'= 0.54 o J'= 0.30 ;:l Vl -3 Figura 2.3.10. Curva de rango-abundancia en cinco comunidades de moluscos terrestres del archipiélago Sabana Cama- güey. Co: Cayo Coco, Sm: Santa María, Sa: Sabinal. BSD: Bosque semideciduo, BSV: Bosque siempreverde, MXA: Matorral xeromorfo sobre arena, MXC: Matorral xeromorfo costero, BCI: Bosque de ciénaga. Alm: Aleadia minima; Beb: Bermudezia biayensis; Cem: Cerion miramarae; Ces: Cerion sanctamariae; Cez: Cerion sanzi; Cy: Cysticopsis sp.; Cyn: Cysticopsis naevula; Eue: Euclastaria euclasta; Lif: Liguus [asciatus; Lur: Lucidella rugosa; Mag: Macroeeramus gundlachi; 0150: Oleacina solidula; Op: Opeas pumilum; Olsu: Oleacina subulata; Pom: Polymita musearum; Sbo: Subulina oetona; Za: Zachrysia auricoma. H': Diversidad; J': Equitatividad. 159 CAPITULO 2. INVERTEBRADOS o -0,2 A B C D -0,4 Obh Eue Cha -0,6 Obh Q.... He P2 Cyn ,..Q.¡ -0,8 Lif Opq b.O -1 OpqObh Q Olso Eue ,..;¡ ~ He Cyn -1,2 Eue Olso -1,4 H' = 1.64 H'= 1.53 J'= 0.92 Pum -1,6 J'= 0.91 H'= 2.11 H'= 2.07 Hma J'= 0.90 J'= 0.88 -1,8 Figura 2.3.11. Curva de rango-abundancia en cuatro comunidades de moluscos terrestres del Bosque semideciduo en cayo Ro- mano. Datos tomados de Rodríguez et al. (2006); A: Silla de Romano; B: Camino Aguada del Inglés; C: Lagüinao; D: Las Ruinas. Alm: Alcadia minima; Cha: Chondropoma confertum; Cyn: Cysticopsis naevula; Eue: Euclastaria euclasta; He: Helicina sp.; Hma: Hemitrochus amplecta; Lif: Liguus [asciatus; Las: Lacteoluna selenina; Mag: Macroceramus gundlachi; Mig: Microceramus gossei; Ob: Obeliscus homalogyrus; 0150: Oleacina solidula; Opq: Opisthosiphon quinti; P1: Pomatiasido sp. 1; P2: Pomatiasido sp. 2; Pum: Pupoides marginatus. H': Diversidad; J': Equitatividad. Euclastaria euclasta, aunque presente en un solo tipo altura (3 a 4 m). La hojarasca está dispersa, y es escasa de hábitat, es una de las especies más frecuentes en la en los lugares abiertos; la presencia de rocas es nula, composición de las comunidades del BSD, pues donde lo que incide negativamente sobre la riqueza de espe- único no se pudo detectar su presencia fue en la comu- cies terrícolas o petrícolas. Por otra parte, la influencia nidad estudiada en Santa María (Figs. 2.3.10 y 2.3.11). constante del viento, cargado de sales, unido a las altas Este gasterópodo puede ser lo mismo la especie domi- temperaturas imperantes, hace que este ecosistema nante (Lagüinao), que una de las raras (Silla de Romano pueda ser considerado como un hábitat extremo para y Camino Aguada del Inglés), con densidades entre los moluscos terrestres. 0,1-0,7 individuos/m", Otras especies frecuentes fue- Otro modo de evaluar la estructura de las comunida- ron L. [asciatus y O. homalogyrus presentes en cuatro des es examinando la proporción de especies de proso- comunidades del BSD, y de una dominancia alta a branquios y pulmonados (Schilthuizen, 2011). En las media. comunidades analizadas el número de especies pulmo- De los tres hábitats estudiados, el BSD es el de mayor nadas es siempre mayor que el de los prosobranquios, a heterogeneidad y condiciones favorables para los molus- excepción del BSD de la Silla de Romano, donde ambas cos terrestres, dado por su gran desarrollo, cobertura están en la misma proporción (Fig. 2.3.12A). También, del dosel, altura y composición florística (ACC & ICGC, generalmente las especies de pulmonados fueron domi- 1990a y 1990b; ICGC, 1989), lo que propicia, en com- nantes en número, pues solo en las comunidades de BSD paración con los otros dos hábitats, mejores condicio- de Coco y de dos localidades de Romano los prosobran- nes de humedad y menor temperatura ambiental para quios estuvieron mejor representados Fig. 2.3.12B). los molusco s (Rodríguez Batista et al., 2006). Por otra Estas tendencias se manifiestan en otras localidades parte el mayor desarrollo de la hojarasca y la existencia de Cuba. Por ejemplo, en la comunidad del MXC de de una alta cobertura de rocas en este hábitat, facilitan punta de Maisí, e183,0 % de las especies fueron pulmo- la presencia de un significativo número de especies de nadas (Maceira, 2000). En las alturas de Fomento, la hábitos terrícolas o petrícolas, como las especies de los riqueza de especies de pulmonados dominó en las siete géneros Opisthosiphon y Oleacina. El matorral xero- (7) formaciones vegetales estudiadas, y es mayor en la morfo sobre arena es un hábitat de una relativa menor sabana antrópica y el bosque de galería, y menor en el complejidad, ya que su aspecto típico está formado bosque semideciduo, donde solo el 30,0 % de las espe- predominantemente por arbustos, con árboles de poca cies fueron prosobranquios (Pérez et al., 2010). 160 CAPITULO 2 INVERTEBRADOS--- En otras comunidades, entre ambos grupos casi no res & Bidart, 1998). También las comunidades de tres existen diferencias en la riqueza de especies. Tal es el elevaciones cársicas de Escaleras de Jaruco se caracte- caso de la comunidad de un bosque de galería en San rizaron por una riqueza parecida entre ambos grupos Antonio de los Baños, Artemisa, donde la proporción de especies, aunque dominan en numero las especies de de pulmonados y prosobranquios fue casi similar (Cáce- operculados (Hernández y Reyes 2013).
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