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Investigating Reproductive Strategies
Teacher Guide Investigating Reproductive Strategies Abstract Students work in pairs to compare five aspects of an organism that reproduces sexually with one that reproduces asexually. As a class, students share their comparisons and generate a list of gener- al characteristics for each mode of reproduction, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both. Learning Objectives • There are two modes of reproduction, sexual and asexual. • There are advantages and disadvantages to both sexual and asexual reproduction. Estimated time • Class time 50 minutes • Prep time 10 minutes Materials Copies of student pages Instructions 1. Divide students into pairs. 2. Hand each pair: • The Investigating Reproductive Strategies worksheet • 2 organism descriptions - one for an organism that reproduces sexually and one for an organ- ism that reproduces either asexually or using both strategies - (see chart below). Sexual Asexual Both Sexual and Asexual Reproductive Blue-headed wrasse Amoeba Brittle star strategies Duck leech Salmonella Meadow garlic used by organisms Grizzly bear Whiptail Lizard Spiny water fleas described in Leafy sea dragon this activity Red kangaroo Sand scorpion 3. Instruct each pair to read about their assigned organisms and complete the comparison table on the Investigating Reproductive Strategies worksheet. 4. When all pairs have completed the comparison table, have them post their tables around the room. © 2020 University of Utah Updated July 29, 2020 1 5. Ask students to walk around the room and read the comparison tables with the goal of creating a list of general characteristics for organisms that reproduce sexually and one for organisms that reproduce asexually. 6. As a class, compile lists of general characteristics for organisms that reproduce sexually and asexually on the board. -
Jacksonville, Florida 1998 Odmds Benthic Community Assessment
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA 1998 ODMDS BENTHIC COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT Submitted to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4 61 Forsyth St. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Prepared by Barry A. Vittor & Associates, Inc. 8060 Cottage Hill Rd. Mobile, Alabama 36695 (334) 633-6100 November 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………….……………………………3 LIST OF FIGURES ……………………..………………………………………………..4 1.0 INTRODUCTION ………..…………………………………………………………..5 2.0 METHODS ………..…………………………………………………………………..5 2.1 Sample Collection And Handling ………………………………………………5 2.2 Macroinfaunal Sample Analysis ……………………………………………….6 3.0 DATA ANALYSIS METHODS ……..………………………………………………6 3.1 Assemblage Analyses ..…………………………………………………………6 3.2 Faunal Similarities ……………………………………………………….…….8 4.0 HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS ……………………………………………….…8 5.0 BENTHIC COMMUNITY CHARACTERIZATION ……………………………..9 5.1 Faunal Composition, Abundance, And Community Structure …………………9 5.2 Numerical Classification Analysis …………………………………………….10 5.3 Taxa Assemblages …………………………………………………………….11 6.0 1995 vs 1998 COMPARISONS ……………………………………………………..11 7.0 SUMMARY ………………………………………………………………………….13 8.0 LITERATURE CITED ……………………………………………………………..16 2 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Station locations for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS, June 1998. Table 2. Sediment data for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS, June 1998. Table 3. Summary of abundance of major taxonomic groups for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS, June 1998. Table 4. Abundance and distribution of major taxonomic groups at each station for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS, June 1998. Table 5. Abundance and distribution of taxa for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS, June 1998. Table 6. Percent abundance of dominant taxa (> 5% of the total assemblage) for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS, June 1998. Table 7. Summary of assemblage parameters for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS stations, June 1998. Table 8. Analysis of variance table for density differences between stations for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS stations, June 1998. -
Tube Epifaum of the Polychaete Phyllopchaetopterus Socialis
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from Embrapa Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (1995) 41, 91–100 Tube epifauna of the Polychaete Phyllochaetopterus socialis Claparède Rosebel Cunha Nalessoa, Luíz Francisco L. Duarteb, Ivo Pierozzi Jrc and Eloisa Fiorim Enumod aDepartamento de Zoologia, CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil, bDepartamento de Zoologia, Instituto Biologia, C.P. 6109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13.081-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil, cEmbrapa, NMA, Av. Dr. Julio Soares de Arruda, 803 CEP 13.085, Campinas, SP, Brazil and dProtebras, Rua Turmalina, 79 CEP 13.088, Campinas, SP, Brazil Received 8 October 1992 and in revised form 22 June 1994 Keywords: Polychaeta; tubes; faunal association; epifauna; São Sebastião Channel; Brazil Animals greater than 1 mm, found among tangled tubes of Phyllochaetopterus socialis (Chaetopteridae) from Araçá Beach, São Sebastião district, Brazil, were studied for 1 year, with four samples in each of four seasons. They comprised 10 338 individuals in 1722·7 g dry weight of polychaete tubes, with Echino- dermata, Polychaeta (not identified to species) and Crustacea as the dominant taxa. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index did not vary seasonally, only two species (a holothurian and a pycnogonid) showing seasonal variation. Ophiactis savignyi was the dominant species, providing 45·5% of individuals. Three other ophiuroids, the holothurian Synaptula hidriformis, the crustaceans Leptochelia savignyi, Megalobrachium soriatum and Synalpheus fritzmuelleri, the sipunculan Themiste alutacea and the bivalve Hiatella arctica were all abundant, but most of the 68 species recorded occurred sparsely. -
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1. -
List of Marine Alien and Invasive Species
Table 1: The list of 96 marine alien and invasive species recorded along the coastline of South Africa. Phylum Class Taxon Status Common name Natural Range ANNELIDA Polychaeta Alitta succinea Invasive pile worm or clam worm Atlantic coast ANNELIDA Polychaeta Boccardia proboscidea Invasive Shell worm Northern Pacific ANNELIDA Polychaeta Dodecaceria fewkesi Alien Black coral worm Pacific Northern America ANNELIDA Polychaeta Ficopomatus enigmaticus Invasive Estuarine tubeworm Australia ANNELIDA Polychaeta Janua pagenstecheri Alien N/A Europe ANNELIDA Polychaeta Neodexiospira brasiliensis Invasive A tubeworm West Indies, Brazil ANNELIDA Polychaeta Polydora websteri Alien oyster mudworm N/A ANNELIDA Polychaeta Polydora hoplura Invasive Mud worm Europe, Mediterranean ANNELIDA Polychaeta Simplaria pseudomilitaris Alien N/A Europe BRACHIOPODA Lingulata Discinisca tenuis Invasive Disc lamp shell Namibian Coast BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Virididentula dentata Invasive Blue dentate moss animal Indo-Pacific BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Bugulina flabellata Invasive N/A N/A BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Bugula neritina Invasive Purple dentate mos animal N/A BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Conopeum seurati Invasive N/A Europe BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Cryptosula pallasiana Invasive N/A Europe BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Watersipora subtorquata Invasive Red-rust bryozoan Caribbean CHLOROPHYTA Ulvophyceae Cladophora prolifera Invasive N/A N/A CHLOROPHYTA Ulvophyceae Codium fragile Invasive green sea fingers Korea CHORDATA Actinopterygii Cyprinus carpio Invasive Common carp Asia CHORDATA Ascidiacea -
Patterns of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in the Brittle Star Ophiactis Savignyi in the Florida Keys
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 230: 119–126, 2002 Published April 5 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Patterns of sexual and asexual reproduction in the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi in the Florida Keys Tamara M. McGovern* Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-1100, USA ABSTRACT: Many plant and animal species reproduce both sexually and asexually. These 2 repro- ductive modes are both likely to be costly and, in many species, they occur at different times of the year. Here, I present information on the sexual and asexual reproductive biology of the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) in the Florida Keys, USA. Small brittle stars (less than 3 mm) are almost always non-mature, and non-mature individuals are more likely to have recently undergone clonal division than mature brittle stars. Males appear to have a lower size threshold for sexual maturity than do females, but the sexes do not differ in the recency of clonal divi- sion. The greatest proportion of mature brittle stars was observed in the late summer through fall in all 3 years of the study. The incidence of asexual reproduction increases in the late fall through late winter. It therefore appears that brittle stars are more likely to split after the sexual reproductive sea- son. The onset of cloning as the sexual reproductive season ends may result from differences in the time of year in which each mode confers the greatest fitness benefit or may arise from energetic trade-offs between the 2 modes of reproduction. KEY WORDS: Asexual reproduction · Sexual reproduction · Ophiactis savignyi · Size at reproduction · Seasonality Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION Sexual reproduction typically requires a major ener- getic investment (see e.g. -
Molluschi Tonna Galea (Linnaeus , 1758) Regno Animali Fam. Tonnidae
MOLLUSCHI Tonna galea (Linnaeus , 1758) regno animali fam. Tonnidae Fonte immagine foto Apnea World Data la taglia, questo mollusco non passa certo inosservato, con i 13-20 centimetri di diametro della sua conchiglia, che possono, negli esemplari eccezionalmente grandi, essere ampiamente superati. Alla grandezza della conchiglia non corrisponde però un grande peso della stessa, perché il guscio degli esemplari di questa specie è molto sottile, anche se piuttosto robusto, e quindi molto più leggero rispetto a quello di altri molluschi di simile taglia. La conchiglia mostra una bocca emisferica o ovale e ampia, con il margine segnato da rilievi corrispondenti a fasce spirali, ed un colore chiaro, biancastro con bande gialle o marroncino, talvolta in così gran numero da coprire la tonalità biancastra di fondo. Le piccole bande si sviluppano nel senso delle spire della conchiglia. Talvolta, invece, la tonalità di base può essere più scura, ossia giallastra, marroncino o anche rosata, e le bande, di conseguenza, appaiono più scure o meno evidenti rispetto al colore di fondo. La forma del guscio è bombata e rigata, a causa delle numerose coste o fasce, rilevate e appiattite all’apice, che si sviluppano nel senso delle spire della conchiglia. Fonte immagine Sub Rimini Gian Neri - www.biologiamarina.org Nelle conchiglie sviluppate si possono contare circa una ventina di fasce spirali in corrispondenza dei giri più grossi. Il mollusco è molto grande ed ha una livrea screziata con colore di base bianco o biancastro e numerose screziature irregolari di colore scuro, generalmente marroni o nerastre. Il piede è potente ed usato dall’animale per muoversi sui fondali sabbiosi, sui quali predilige spostarsi alla ricerca di prede. -
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: PATTERNS IN
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: PATTERNS IN DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC MOLLUSCS ALONG A DEPTH GRADIENT IN THE BAHAMAS Michael Joseph Dowgiallo, Doctor of Philosophy, 2004 Dissertation directed by: Professor Marjorie L. Reaka-Kudla Department of Biology, UMCP Species richness and abundance of benthic bivalve and gastropod molluscs was determined over a depth gradient of 5 - 244 m at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas by deploying replicate benthic collectors at five sites at 5 m, 14 m, 46 m, 153 m, and 244 m for six months beginning in December 1993. A total of 773 individual molluscs comprising at least 72 taxa were retrieved from the collectors. Analysis of the molluscan fauna that colonized the collectors showed overwhelmingly higher abundance and diversity at the 5 m, 14 m, and 46 m sites as compared to the deeper sites at 153 m and 244 m. Irradiance, temperature, and habitat heterogeneity all declined with depth, coincident with declines in the abundance and diversity of the molluscs. Herbivorous modes of feeding predominated (52%) and carnivorous modes of feeding were common (44%) over the range of depths studied at Lee Stocking Island, but mode of feeding did not change significantly over depth. One bivalve and one gastropod species showed a significant decline in body size with increasing depth. Analysis of data for 960 species of gastropod molluscs from the Western Atlantic Gastropod Database of the Academy of Natural Sciences (ANS) that have ranges including the Bahamas showed a positive correlation between body size of species of gastropods and their geographic ranges. There was also a positive correlation between depth range and the size of the geographic range. -
Independent Research Projects Tropical Marine Biology Class Summer 2012, La Paz, México
Independent Research Projects Tropical Marine Biology Class Summer 2012, La Paz, México Western Washington University Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur Title pp Effects of human activity, light levels and weather conditions on the feeding behaviors of Pelecanus occidentalis in Pichilingue Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico……………………………………………………………….....3 Predation of the brittle star Ophiocoma alexandri in the La Paz region, Baja California Sur, Mexico………………………………………………….……………..24 The effect of water temperature and disturbance on the movement of Nerita scabricosta in the intertidal zone…………………………………..….………….....38 Nocturnal behavior in Euapta godeffroyi (accordion sea cucumber): the effects of light exposure and time of day………………………………………….…....51 Queuing behavior in the intertidal snail Nerita scabricosta in the Gulf of California…………………………………………………………………....62 The effects of sunscreen on coral bleaching of the genus Pocillopora located in Baja California Sur……………………………………………………….….…76 Effect of tide level on Uca Crenulata burrow distribution and burrow shape………….…89 Habitat diversity and substratum composition in relation to marine invertebrate diversity of the subtidal in Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S, México………….……110 Ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) associated with sponge Mycale sp. (Poecilosclerida: Mycalidae) in the Bay of La Paz, B.C.S., México.…………….………128 Human disturbance on the abundance of six common species of macroalgae in the Bay of La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.…………….……..…137 1 Summer 2012 Class Students: -
Marine Shells of the Western Coast of Flordia
wm :iii! mm ilili ! Sfixing cHdL J^oad .Sandivicl'i, j\{ai.i.ach.u±£.tti. icuxucm \^*^£ FRONTISPIECE Photo by Ruth Bernhard Spondylus americanus Hermann MARINE SHELLS f>4 OF THE WESTERN COAST OF FLORIDA By LOUISE M. PERRY AND JEANNE S. SCHWENGEL With Revisions and Additions to Louise M. Perry's Marine Shells of the Southwest Coast of Florida Illustrations by W. Hammersley Southwick, Axel A. Olsson, and Frank White March, 1955 PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION ITHACA, NEW YORK U. S. A. MARINE SHELLS OF THE SOUTHWEST COAST OF FLORIDA printed as Bulletins of American Paleontology, vol. 26, No. 95 First printing, 1940 Second printing, 1942 Copyright, 1955, by Paleontological Research Institution Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 5-^-12005 Printed in the United States of America // is perhaps a more fortunate destiny to have a taste for collecting shells than to be born a millionaire. Robert Louis Stevenson imeters 50 lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll II II III nil 2 Inches CONTENTS Page Preface by reviser 7 Foreword by Wm. J. Clench 9 Introduction 11 Generalia 13 Collection and preparation of specimens 17 Systematic descriptions 24 Class Amphineura :. 24 Class Pelecypoda 27 Class Scaphopoda 97 Class Gasteropoda 101 Plates 199 Index 311 PREFACE BY THE REVISER It has been a privilege to revise Louise M. Perry's fine book on "Marine Shells of Southwest Florida", to include her studies on eggs and larvae of mollusks; and to add descriptions and illustra- tions of several newly discovered shells thus making it a more com- prehensive study of the molluscan life of western Florida. The work that I have done is only a small return to Dr. -
Mollusks of Alacran Reef, Campeche Bank, Mexico
Mollusks of Alacran Reef, Campeche Bank, Mexico WINNIE H. RICE AND LOUIS S. KORNICKER [Reprinted from Publications of the INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE, Vol. 8, 1962. Institute of Marine Science, Port Aransas, Texas.] Mollusks of Alacran Reef, Campeche Bank, Mexico WINNIE H. RICE AND LOUIS S. KORNICKER [Reprinted from Publications of the I.VSTITUTK 01 MASIVF, SCIKXCI:, Vol. 8, 1962. Institute of Marine Science. Port Aransas. Texas.] Mollusks of Alacran Reef, Campeche Bank, Mexico1 WINNIE H. RICE AND LOUIS S. KORNICKER" Institute of Marine Science. The University oj Texas. Port Aransas, Texas Abstract Photographic plates and descriptions are given for a collection of 90 species of gastropods and 40 species of pelecvpods lioin Alacran Reef. Yucatan, Mexico, to aid in further study of the Campeche Rank. Introduction Alacran Reef, a shelf atoll situated about 70 miles north of Yucatan, Mexico, is the largest reef on the Campeche, Bank, which is a carbonate shelf extending about 125 miles into the Gulf of Mexico. The present paper describes mollusks collected on and in the immediate vicinity of Alacran Reef. The text is designed to facilitate identification of mollusks by investiga- tors working on the Campeche Bank, where because of the similarity of the bank to carbonate deposits in the geologic column, and because of the relatively few carbonate areas in today's seas, we can expect many geological and biological investigations dur- ing the ensuing years. In general the mollusks of Alacran Reef are similar to those of the West Indies and the Florida Keys. A similar molluscan assemblage was reported from Blanquilla Reef, which is in the Gulf of Mexico about 60 miles from Tampico, Mexico (Moore, 1958). -
Echinoderm Species of Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary
CORAL CAP SPECIES OF FLOWER GARDEN BANKS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY Classification Common name Scientific Name Echinoderms Brittle Stars Amphiodia pulchella Amphioplus tumidus Asteroschema sp. Astrocyclus caecilia Basket Star Astrophyton muricatum Asteroporpa annulata Gorgonocephalus sp. Ophiactis algicola Five-armed Ophiactis Ophiactis quinqueradia Savigny's Brittle Star Ophiactis savignyi Blunt-spined/Spiny Brittle Star Ophiocoma echinata Red Ophiocoma Ophiocoma wendtii Ophiocomella ophiactoides Banded-arm/Harlequin Brittle Star Ophioderma appressum Serpent Star Ophioderma brevispinum Ruby Brittle Star Ophioderma rubicundum Scaly Brittle Star, Red Serpent Star Ophioderma squamosissimum Elegant Brittle Star Ophiolepis elegans ?Ophiophragmus sp. Reticulated Brittle Star Ophionereis reticulata Ophiostigma isacanthus Angular Brittle Star Ophiothrix angulata Suenson's/Sponge Brittle Star Ophiothrix suensonii Ophiurochaeta littoralis Sea Cucumbers Five-toothed Sea Cucumber Actinopyga agassizii Beaded Sea Cucumber Euapta lappa Holothuria lentiginosa Chocolate Chip/Three-rowed Cucumber Isostichopus (Stichopus) badionotus Cucumber Thyone pseudofusus Sea Stars Astropecten comptus Asterinopsis lymani Asterinopsis pilosis Coronaster briareus Goniaster tessellatus Common Comet Star Linckia guildingii Linckia nodosa Guilding's/Comet Star Ophidiaster guildingii Sclerasterias contorta CORAL CAP SPECIES OF FLOWER GARDEN BANKS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY Classification Common name Scientific Name Sea Urchins Purple-spined Sea Urchin Arbacia punctulata Centrostephanus longispinus rubricingulus Coelopleurus floridanus Long-spined Sea Urchin Diadema antillarum Slate-pencil Urchin Eucidaris tribuloides Genocidaris maculata Lytechinus euerces Green/Variegated Urchin Lytechinus variegatus Red Heart Urchin Meoma ventricosa Paraster doederleini Stained Collector Urchin Pseudoboletia maculata maculata Red Sea Urchin Stylocidaris affinis .