Table 1: The list of 96 marine alien and invasive species recorded along the coastline of South Africa. Phylum Class Taxon Status Common name Natural Range ANNELIDA Polychaeta Alitta succinea Invasive pile worm or clam worm Atlantic coast ANNELIDA Polychaeta Boccardia proboscidea Invasive Shell worm Northern Pacific ANNELIDA Polychaeta Dodecaceria fewkesi Alien Black coral worm Pacific Northern America ANNELIDA Polychaeta Ficopomatus enigmaticus Invasive Estuarine tubeworm Australia ANNELIDA Polychaeta Janua pagenstecheri Alien N/A Europe ANNELIDA Polychaeta Neodexiospira brasiliensis Invasive A tubeworm West Indies, Brazil ANNELIDA Polychaeta Polydora websteri Alien oyster mudworm N/A ANNELIDA Polychaeta Polydora hoplura Invasive Mud worm Europe, Mediterranean ANNELIDA Polychaeta Simplaria pseudomilitaris Alien N/A Europe BRACHIOPODA Lingulata Discinisca tenuis Invasive Disc lamp shell Namibian Coast BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Virididentula dentata Invasive Blue dentate moss animal Indo-Pacific BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Bugulina flabellata Invasive N/A N/A BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Bugula neritina Invasive Purple dentate mos animal N/A BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Conopeum seurati Invasive N/A Europe BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Cryptosula pallasiana Invasive N/A Europe BRYOZOA Gymnolaemata Watersipora subtorquata Invasive Red-rust bryozoan Caribbean CHLOROPHYTA Ulvophyceae Cladophora prolifera Invasive N/A N/A CHLOROPHYTA Ulvophyceae Codium fragile Invasive green sea fingers Korea CHORDATA Actinopterygii Cyprinus carpio Invasive Common carp Asia CHORDATA Ascidiacea Ascidia sydneiensis Invasive Crevice ascidian Asia CHORDATA Ascidiacea Ascidiella aspersa Invasive Dirty sea squirt North Sea CHORDATA Ascidiacea Botryllus schlosseri Invasive Star sea squirt Northeastern Atlantic CHORDATA Ascidiacea Ciona robusta Invasive solitary tunicate Europe CHORDATA Ascidiacea Clavelina lepadiformis Invasive light-bulb sea squirt Europe CHORDATA Ascidiacea Cnemidocarpa humilis Invasive Leathery sea squirt N/A CHORDATA Ascidiacea Diplosoma listerianum Invasive Jelly crust tunicate Europe CHORDATA Ascidiacea Microcosmus squamiger Invasive Blunt-spined microcosmus Autsralia CHORDATA Ascidiacea Styela plicata Invasive Pleated sea squirt West Pacific CILIOPHORA Heterotrichea Mirofolliculina limnoriae Alien N/A N/A CNIDARIA Anthozoa Metridium senile Alien Plumose anemone North Atlantic CNIDARIA Anthozoa Sagartia ornata Alien Brooding anemone Europe, Mediterranean CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Coryne eximia Invasive N/A North Atlantic, Pacific CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Gonothyraea loveni Alien N/A North Atlantic CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Laomedea calceolifera Alien N/A North Atlantic CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Obelia bidentata Alien Doubled-toothed hydroid N/A CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Obelia dichotoma Alien Sea plume N/A CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Obelia geniculata Alien Zigzag hydroid Europe, Mediterranean CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Odessia maeotica Invasive N/A Black sea region CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Pachycordyle navis Alien Brackish hydroid Europe, Mediterranean CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Pennaria disticha Invasive Sea fern hydroid N/A CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Ectopleura larynx Alien Ringed tubularia North Atlantic CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Ectopleura crocea Alien Pink-mouthed hydroid North Atlantic CRUSTACEA Amphipoda Apocorophium acutum Alien tube-building amphipod Northern Atlantic CRUSTACEA Amphipoda Cerapus tubularis Invasive N/A N/A CRUSTACEA Amphipoda Chelura terebrans Invasive Wood-boring amphipod Northern Atlantic CRUSTACEA Amphipoda Ericthonius brasiliensis Invasive N/A Northern Atlantic CRUSTACEA Amphipoda Ericthonius difformis Alien N/A N/A CRUSTACEA Amphipoda Ischyrocerus anguipes Invasive N/A Northern Atlantic CRUSTACEA Amphipoda Jassa marmorata Alien N/A Northern Atlantic CRUSTACEA Amphipoda Jassa morinoi Invasive N/A N/A CRUSTACEA Amphipoda Jassa slatteryi Invasive N/A Pacific Northern America CRUSTACEA Amphipoda Monocorophium ascherusicum Alien Stout-antenna amphipod Northern Atlantic CRUSTACEA Amphipoda Orchestia gammarellus Invasive Beach hopper Europe, Mediterranean CRUSTACEA Amphipoda Platorchestia platensis Invasive Beach flea N/A CRUSTACEA Cirripedia Amphibalanus venustus Invasive N/A Tropical Northern Atlantic CRUSTACEA Cirripedia Austrominius modestus Alien Australian barnacle Australasia CRUSTACEA Cirripedia Balanus glandula Invasive Pacific barnacle Northern American Pacific CRUSTACEA Copepoda Acartia (Odontacartia) spinicauda Alien N/A South East Asia CRUSTACEA Decapoda Carcinus maenas Invasive European shore crab Europe, Mediterranean CRUSTACEA Decapoda Pinnixa occidentalis Invasive Pea crab Pacific Northern America CRUSTACEA Decapoda Xantho incisus Alien Black fingered crab Europe, Mediterranean CRUSTACEA Isopoda Dynamene bidentata Invasive Horned isopod Europe CRUSTACEA Isopoda Limnoria quadripunctata Alien quadripunctate gribble N/A CRUSTACEA Isopoda Limnoria tripunctata Alien gribble N/A CRUSTACEA Isopoda Paracerceis sculpta Alien Sponge isopod North-east Pacific CRUSTACEA Isopoda Sphaeroma serratum Alien A sea slater Europe CRUSTACEA Isopoda Sphaeroma walkeri Alien Pill isopod Northern Indian Ocean CRUSTACEA Pycnogonida Ammothella appendiculata Alien N/A Pacific DINOFLAGELLATA Dinophyceae Alexandrium minutum Alien N/A N/A DINOFLAGELLATA Dinophyceae Alexandrium tamarense-complex Alien N/A N/A DINOFLAGELLATA Dinophyceae Dinophysis acuminata Alien N/A N/A ECHINODERMATA Ophiuroidea Ophiactis savignyi Alien Savigny's brittle star North Indian and Pacific oceans INSECTA Coleoptera Cafius xantholoma Invasive N/A Europe MOLLUSCA Bivalvia Crassostrea gigas Invasive Japanese oyster Japan, Northwestern Pacific MOLLUSCA Bivalvia Lyrodus pedicellatus Alien Blacktip shipworm N/A MOLLUSCA Bivalvia Mytilus galloprovincialis Invasive Mediterreanean mussel Mediterranean, Northeastern Atlantic MOLLUSCA Bivalvia Perna viridis Alien Asian green mussel South East Asia MOLLUSCA Bivalvia Semimytilus algosus Invasive Bisexual mussel Pacific South America MOLLUSCA Bivalvia Teredo navalis Invasive Ship worm Europe, Mediterranean MOLLUSCA Gastropoda Catriona columbiana Alien British Columbia aeolid North Pacific MOLLUSCA Gastropoda Littorina saxatilis Invasive Lagoon snail Europe, Mediterranean, Western Atlantic MOLLUSCA Gastropoda Tarebia granifera Invasive Quilted melania South East Asia MOLLUSCA Gastropoda Thais blanfordi Invasive Blandford's whelk Tropical Indo-Pacific MOLLUSCA Gastropoda Thais tissoti Invasive Tissot's rock shell Tropical Indo-Pacific PORIFERA Demospongiae Suberites ficus Invasive Sulphur sponge Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean RHODOPHYTA Florideophyceae Antithamnionella spirographidis Invasive N/A N/A RHODOPHYTA Florideophyceae Asparagopsis armata Invasive red harpoon southern Australia and New Zealand RHODOPHYTA Florideophyceae Asparagopsis taxiformis Invasive N/A N/A RHODOPHYTA Florideophyceae Schimmelmannia elegans Alien N/A Atlantic island of Tristan da Cunha and Venezuela .