DOCSLIB.ORG

141V4a 41 2I3 MA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
141V4a 41 2I3 MA ligation as reqr 'tel 5/5/ '56* , ..... dum * UNITED STAtS. GOVE A.M olso .Jh. (I Mr oard n1~- TO The U.Lrbn.,or, . al Bureau of Investigation DAl May Mr. Belmont- lrjarren TWH: Mr. Mason~- FROM WarrenOlney III, Assistant Attorney General 1662-1 Mr.Pr0 Crininal Division 4 Mr. Mr. Tamm SUBJECT: Racial Situation Mr. Nea"w __ - / Mr. winterrowd- .Hontgomery, Alabama 24 Tele. Room- Mr. Holloman- Miss Gandy- Reference is made to your memorandum of April 17, 195 concerning a report relative to the alleged connection of Mr. T. P. Sellers with the burning of the homes of the Reverend Martin uther King, Jr. and E. D. Nixon earlier thisvear at Montgomery. cup1.abbama. _#I ~I According to the memorandum, T1'. Sellersazhortly after the bombing of the Nixon residencedwas i1legedly admitted to St. Margaret's Hospital at Montgomery" suffywring from injuries and burns allegedly resulting from an explosion. It appears that the rumor indicates that the alleged explosion was connected with +hP hamme* a, f' nt a roven AnnP- I r~u ~rj$ I7D particularly be interested in the source o tion and the identity of any person who mayl aveknowlec cause pf the alleged injury and burns to T. P. Sellers. /141V4a 41 2I3 MA ,.. ~I I L ~ r~i [~A~'F -~ W8AW~ y ~ mmAn Fanu n. 4 Office M !w * UNITED ST OVERNMENT To DIRECTOR, FBI DATE: 5/7/56 SAC, OLE (&-4-439) ALL INFORMT!"P1N CONTAINED SUBJECT: RACIAL SITUATION MUNTGOMERY, ALA. DEREE L- E IC rn a -o * *~.' I Chicago is requested to identify and ascertain his labor and any possible subversive affiliations and furnish this information to the Bureau and Mobile. '2 - Bureau (100-135-61)(AM)(RM) 2 - Cnicago (Ak) (RM) " "4 - '--l-I - 2 - Nobile (44-439) RLWh .,rh-C; .- v 1 A (,) Ilyv 7C~ 4,7 i) I , , A - r .E, ") ( B Mr. Tiu Mr. Maso l95/3/56. Mr. Winterrntd Transmit the following message via AIR p__ __ __ __ __ _ Ms Rsea. Mr. No... / oItEMAIL Mr. Wintrw . (Prsorsgy or Meusod of Mostinj g) Tel. OUm** Mr. Bouoa. C, N UbILA *1 To: '. 9DI,FlFC "a ALL INFORMATION COTAITh@ leJ HEREIN P UN L I E iIc DATF . / n av ,/ ~ 4 Re San Francisco airtel, 4/11/56. advised on / 4/30/56 that on 4/26/56 he was visited at Montgomery by a man identified then only as some newspaper on the West Coast. On advise that he had located a co of the raper which represented and had left with and It was t D le's World" said that was driving an old Cryser cuo coupe, wth Virginia 1 conse tags n not noted. re tried to v:et a sensational story fro and allegedly tried to get o say that the rac situation at 1-lont omery wouldpro a y result in bloodshed. said that he furnishedon1 factual data of na ure ecause he did not trust - :ure: ." .. "* OT 87 IN'W A-re S- : sA-, .o!1rGO:Y, A.* - 1W3A 2-New York (RmGISTr.xD MIAIL) 2-San Francisco (idGISrBCADMAIL) somnIl approve: r. Belsost A C', L C? F BI Date: Transmit the following message via (Priority or Method of Madslg) From SAC, To: DIRE 2OR FBI 5/3/56 'Cu, He said that apparently travelirng with as a reporter of the "Janadian Tribune" of Toronto, Canada, name not recalled. said that he had inquired of the local ape r.P, * * no one wecac been contacted by W He knew nothing else abcL.t visit. Ted BALLIORD s2 Approved: Sent M Per Special Agent in Charge m(1 - Mr.g Ney 11. 1956 BAC, Mobile AZBT'EL &ACTAL frIPPUF- Brff s ret ICA AaA- . , . * . , Ye are structed to intiaete smedistely diecreet aqutries to sn effort to determine whether or not the telephone call asde toIa May 3, 1950s originated within th - A9labeas. Results of yor efforts should be promptly farnshed Bureau under appropriate esptes. Bu. I1*200-35-61 ALL INFO.TIION ! NTE1DAL HAHERLEIE 2 LL.LA., ILV4~:B, NOTE ON YELLOW: A- On 5/3/56 Negro, advised Mobile Office she had just received a threatening telephone call in which an unidentified taller stated "We are just waiting to give you what we e the boys, only a better job." On same date two sons were Ll attacked by eight white boys, sep* advised. I J. A/ £ Wr J Tolson Nichols - Boardman Mason...Belmonrt.. Mohr ._... Parsons 4 Rosen WIVAILED 24 Tamm Nease Winterowd Tir: em -- 4r'-44T. "Office Memoandum UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT TO Director, FBI (100-135-61) DAT 5/7/56 IFROM SAC, Moile(44-439) SUBJECT: RACIAL SITUATION MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA Enclosed herewith are two copies of the following 16 % newspaper items: 1. Item appearing in Alabama Journal, Montgomery, g 5/1/56 captioned-ACUITFILED BY CITY ASKING ENFORDCaNT OF BUS SEGREGATION. --- 2. Item appearing iP labama Journal, Montgomery, Alabama, 'K 5/3/56 captioned US INJUNCTION HEARING HELD; ThJLING DUE -;i - Bureau (Encl. 4)(100-135-61)(AIR MAIL) 1 - Mobile (44-439) TIlo ICe ALL p,~(YI ~7~T a., /.,/.,_t ~u V 1. [', 28 MAY 4r1956 Pa" Ir:I 0~ $.'ve £ Irt on April 2 enforced segregation acts The Supm fornmore than 20 years. dismissed an appeal from t h after the boycott, we continued Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal Bus Injunct ion ruhn. under great financial loss," he and left standin g an earlier said by the circuit court knocking ou "Naturally, after the boycott con- bus segregationn laws inSout tinued, we gave consideration to Carolina. Thrul n said in his opir Hearing Held; th our legal position and reached the Ion that was done because th' we were ina vulnerable case was stil l pending in conclusion the question c nposition," the attorney said. He lower courts oon Ruling Due Sow said the company then waited for damages. it' the outcome of the South Carolina The bus cocompany also cor (Photo On Page 8-C) case, then before the U. S. Su- tended that Ju dge Jones l a c k A decision on an injunctionn preme Court. jurisdiction in view of another cas sought by city officials to ha 1t Thrun pointed out that no inci- pending in U. S. District Cour racial integration plans of Mont t dents have been reported in places here which cha llenges constitution gomery City Lines buses w a where the buses have carried out ality of city arnd state segregation promised in "the next few d3ys their non-segregation policy. laws. That ca se is scheduled ft by Circuit Judge Walter B. Jone "Incidents are as likely to occur airing before a three-judge pant I-&. today. it segregation is upheld as if inte- on May 11. Clyde Sellers, city commissioner , Stion occurs," Thrun said. But city att :orney Walter Knab was the only witness to testifyy (SoeeBUS INJUNCTION, P. -A answered that the two cases ir in the hearing - ' volve differentt issues and that ~ f* When asked by Attorney Wal - (Continued From Page I-A nothing else anninjunction is needed LI ter Knabe, representing the city , Some of Thrun's remarks on < now "to fill t he gap." CA~' what would happen if segregation South Carolina case caused Knab Despite the bus company's ii were broken down now, Seller sn to charge that the bus firm wa tegration orde r, no mixing of I1 replied that, in his opinion, "We "more afraid of law suits agains races has bee en reported here. would have riots - it w o u Id be them than they are interested ii Another lai suit is pending dangerous for people to walk the public safety " 7. S. Districtt Court for a thr streets A long bill of demurrer Ra judge panel hearing May 11. T S Z-.'- "Montgomery City Lines might filed by bus company attorney Iuit filed by Montgomery Negr u then just as well park their buses, yesterday, seeking to hale th challenges cor nstitutionality of AL because the white people wouldn't Montgomery suit dismissed. bama segrega tion laws. ride them," Sellers declared. Ben W. Franklin, vice president TELLS OF "DISORDER" of the national bus company, s Sellers said there has b e e n at the table with Thurn. Assistin ~~1 -S "quite a bit of disorder" intolv- Walter Knabe was Herman Ham A -'U-"'" ing the buses. He said that people ilton Journal who rode buses had been threat- Among the scattered spectator Montgon ery, Alabama ened, that some had suffered bodi- in the courtroom was State Attor D e _ .r-- I9 - -s-& ly harm for riding, and that buses ney General John Patterson. On]. had been fired at "15 or 16 tinies" four or five Negroes were pre, Page - / in Negro sections. sent, including Fred Gray a n Under questioning by Rooert Charles Langford, who represent Thrun, attorney for Montgoiery ed the Rev Ml L. King and mo Re: RAC' IAL SITUATION City Lines in the case and coun- of those indicted on the boycot TGOMERY, ALABAMA sel for the national firm, the Mont law. gomery commissioner admitted Thrun said he didn't interpret the disorders took place before Lie the recent Supreme Court decision Buf ile: 100-135-61 National City Lines announced its as a ruling on the issue of bu Mof ie: 44-439 integration policy. segregation itself but merely ///,/ a Page / Thrun, of New York, told Judge order dismissing an appeal be Jones in his argument that the cause the c& i% ill pending i bus company "after careful con- the lower courts.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Tallahassee Bus Protest
    FIELD REPORTS ON DESEGREGATION IN THE SOUTH THE TALLAHASSEE BUS PROTEST by CHARLES U. SMITH Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University and LEWIS M. KILLIAN Florida State University Published by the ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE OF B'NAI B'RITH with the cooperation of THE COMMITTEE ON INTERGROUP RELATIONS THE SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS ; י/ r February, 1958 Published by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, N. Y. Officers: HENRY EDWARD SCHULTZ, chairman; MEIER STEINBRINK, honorary chairman; BARNEY BALABAN, A. G. BALLENGER, HERBERT H. LEHMAN, LEON LOWENSTEIN, WILLIAM SACHS, BENJAMIN SAMUELS, MELVIN H. SCHLESINGER, JESSE STEINHART, honorary vice-chairmen; JOSEPH COHEN, JEFFERSON E. PEYSER, MAX J. SCHNEIDER, vice-chairmen; BENJAMIN GREENBERG, treasurer; HERBERT LEVY, secretary; BENJAMIN R. EPSTEIN, national director; BERNARD NATH, chairman, executive committee; PAUL H. SAMPLINER, vice-chairman, executive committee; PHILIP M. KLUTZNICK, president, B'nai B'rith; MAURICE BISGYER, executive vice-president, B'nai B'rith. Staff Directors: NATHAN C, BELTH, press relations; OSCAR COHEN, program; ARNOLD FORSTER, civil rights; ALEXANDER F. MILLER, community service; J. HAROLD SAKS, administration; LESTER J. WALDMAN, executive assistant. Series Editor: OSCAR COHEN, national director, program division. THE TALLAHASSEE BUS PROTEST Community Background Tallahassee is a small city (population 27,237 in 1950) in a state which con- tains some of the most rapidly growing urban areas in the southeast. It is not an important industrial center. Its chief importance lies in the fact that it is the state capital. Perhaps its next most important characteristic is that it is the seat of two of the state's institutions of higher learning: Florida State University (white) and Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (Negro).
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Rights Resproj
    TheAFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE in North Carolina The Civil Rights Movement North Carolina Freedom Monument Project Research Project Lesson Plan for Teachers: Procedures ■ Students will read the introduction and time line OBJECTIVE: To become familiar with of the Civil Rights Movement independently, as a significant events in the Civil Rights Movement small group or as a whole class. and their effects on North Carolina: ■ Students will complete the research project independently, as a small group or as a whole class. 1. Students will develop a basic understanding of, and ■ Discussion and extensions follow as directed by be able to define specific terms; the teacher. 2. Students will be able to make correlations between the struggle for civil rights nationally and in North Evaluation Carolina; ■ Student participation in reading and discussion of 3. Students will be able to analyze the causes and the time line. predict solutions for problems directly related to dis- ■ Student performance on the research project. criminatory practices. Social Studies Objectives: 3.04, 4.01, 4.03, 4.04, 4.05, 5.03, 6.04, 7.02, 8.01, 8.03, 9.01, 9.02, 9.03 Social Studies Skills: 1, 2, 3 Language Arts Objectives: 1.03, 1.04, 2.01, 5.01, 6.01, 6.02 Resources / Materials / Preparations ■ Time line ■ Media Center and/or Internet access for student research. ■ This research project will take two or three class periods for the introduction and discussion of the time line and to work on the definitions. The research project can be assigned over a two- or three-week period.
    [Show full text]
  • President's Remarks for Tallahassee Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King
    President’s Remarks for Tallahassee Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Day “The URGENCY of NOW” Thank you to Ms. Cummings for that wonderful introduction and for all that you do to lead our efforts and engagement with Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University alumni. We appreciate your leadership. I am honored to be here with you today as we celebrate the life and legacy of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., on what would have been his 90th birthday weekend. Standing on these steps has special significance, beyond symbolism. Many of the laws that govern this great state are crafted and decided upon right here. Resources/dollars that support everything from education to health care to transportation to public safety are decided upon here by the men and women elected by citizens from the panhandle to the Florida Keys. From a distance, or from the perspective of the casual observer, it might seem as though the processes associated with what happens in the Florida Legislature are intermittent, starting at a specific date - ending on another. But when viewed much closer and by the astute observer it becomes obvious that political processes in Florida and equally in our nation in general, don’t have temporal boundaries defined by specific dates and times but rather they are continuous: occurring at sunrise, sundown, throughout the night – and throughout all seasons of the year. And thus to influence what happens here, there must be an appreciation for the simple concepts of persistence and perseverance; not waiting for tomorrow, not waiting until your ducks are all lined up in a row, not waiting until you can afford to take a risk because your finances are finally in order.
    [Show full text]
  • A Divided Union: Civil Rights in the Usa, 1945–74 Ts In
    EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL GCSE (9 –1) HISTORY A DIVIDED UNION: CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE USA, 1945–74 –1) GCSE (9 INTERNATIONAL EDEXCEL Student Book Kirsty Taylor Series Editor: Nigel Kelly Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) History: A Divided Union: Civil Rights in the USA, 1945–74 provides comprehensive coverage of the specifi cation and is designed to supply students with the best preparation possible for the examination: HISTORY HISTORY • Written by a highly experienced History author • Content is mapped to the specifi cation to provide comprehensive coverage • Learning is embedded with differentiated exercises and exam practice throughout 1945 USA, THE RIGHTS IN CIVIL • Signposted transferable skills • Track progress with the Pearson Progression Scale • Reviewed by a language specialist to ensure the book is written in a clear and accessible style • Glossary of key History terminology • eBook included • Online Teacher Resource Pack (ISBN 9780435191245) also available, providing further planning, teaching and assessment support EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL GCSE (9 –1) eBook — included 74 For Pearson Edexcel International GCSE History specifi cation (4HI1) for fi rst teaching 2017. Student Book HISTORY A DIVIDED UNION: CIVIL RIGHTS IN www.pearsonglobalschools.com THE USA, 1945–74 Student Book Uncorrected proof, all content subject to change at publisher discretion. Not for resale, circulation or distribution in whole or in part. ©Pearson 2018 SAMPLEKirsty Taylor Series Editor: Nigel Kelly CivilRightsUSA.indd 1-3 05/10/2017 10:47 EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL GCSE (9 –1) HISTORY A DIVIDED UNION: CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE USA, 1945–74 Student Book Kirsty Taylor Series Editor: Nigel Kelly Uncorrected proof, all content subject to change at publisher discretion.
    [Show full text]
  • The Famuan: October 2, 1986
    Student shares I' he Miss Black Florida Players pain of losing a times the USA helps others keep friend "k charm for follow their dream their eyes Singleton Ion MEAC Upiin I raiint 9ieI t' kprizees ph1 JA\LAR 19,193 The Voice of Florida A&M Lniversity - Talahassee, Fla. \oL 81 - \O. 2 March honors two civil fights 'iants MIalcolmX's Rights movement, is memorial- and passed on to the younger Street to the capitol wJiere a rally iiaugi uev BY" J (.QEIH IN1.[%F Sr1FI 'AiiiR ized through a national holiday generation .. the true facts and for King began with the audience which was observed Monday. knowledge of what took place in singing "Lift Every Voice and charged in Nealy 2(X) Tallahassee r'esi- The march began with a the past," said Patricia Sing." dents braved 40-degiee weather. rally at the C.K. Steele Plaza. Thompson, coordinator for per- Speakers stressed the imp~r murder plot singing songs of the civil rights where speakers asked the crowd sonnel relations at FAML'. tance of voting to the civil rights moxement as they rallied and to pick up where civil rights lead Student Government process. Qubilah Shabazz marched Mlondax in honor of the ers of yesteiday' left off and teach Association President Larry Tait "Voting is the only individ- indicted in alleged plot Rev. Matin Luther King Jr. and today's generation the impor- said it matters little if march par- ual way you have of contiolling the Rev. C.K. Steele Sr. to kill Louis Farrakhan tance of lessons from the past.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 78, Number 1
    Florida Historical Quarterly Volume 78 Number 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume Article 1 78, Number 1 1999 Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 78, Number 1 Florida Historical Society [email protected] Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Historical Quarterly by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Society, Florida Historical (1999) "Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 78, Number 1," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 78 : No. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol78/iss1/1 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 78, Number 1 Published by STARS, 1999 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 78 [1999], No. 1, Art. 1 COVER Engineers and NASA officials crowd around the c nsole at Pad 26 A/ B, Cape Candv­ eral Air Station. Photograph courtesy oj the Air Force Spaff and Missile Museum. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol78/iss1/1 2 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 78, Number 1 THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIE1Y T H E HI T O RICA L SO CIETY OF FLORIDA, 1856 T HE FLORID HI STORI CAL O CTETY, successor, ] 902 T H E FLORlDA II ISTORICAL SOCI ETY, in corporated , 1905 OFFI CERS W. S. "BILl." COKER, IJreside nl ADt\ C AT W ILU MS, presiden l-elecl N ILES SCl I U H , vire-presiden l PATRICLA B ARTLETT, secretary MARl IU, H .
    [Show full text]
  • Hutchinson on Ezra, 'Civil Rights Movement: People and Perspectives'
    H-Florida Hutchinson on Ezra, 'Civil Rights Movement: People and Perspectives' Review published on Wednesday, October 7, 2009 Michael Ezra, ed. Civil Rights Movement: People and Perspectives. Perspectives in American Social History Series. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2009. 250 pp. $85.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-1-59884-037-7. Reviewed by Daniel Hutchinson (Florida State University) Published on H-Florida (October, 2009) Commissioned by Jeanine A. Clark Bremer A Useful Reference Work on the Civil Rights Movement The annual outpouring of new studies on the civil rights movement marks this field as one of the most dynamic bodies of scholarship in American historiography. The field certainly has experienced broadened boundaries over the last decade. The first generation of historians who chronicled the civil rights movement focused on the most prominent personalities, organizations, and events in the American South that spanned a period from the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968. Many recent scholars of the civil rights movement have expanded their focus both thematically and chronologically. Numerous studies documenting the grassroots efforts of African Americans throughout the nation against segregation and discrimination have demonstrated the breadth and complexity of a popular movement that spanned from the first years of the twentieth century and whose impact is still felt in the twenty-first century. It is this recent approach that informs the methodology behind Civil Rights Movement. This reference work provides a succinct, well-written, and balanced overview of some of the major themes in the recent history of the civil rights movement.
    [Show full text]
  • Forum : Vol. 18, No. 01 (Winter : 1994/1995)
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons FORUM : the Magazine of the Florida Humanities Florida Humanities 1-1-1995 Forum : Vol. 18, No. 01 (Winter : 1994/1995) Florida Humanities Council. John Hope Franklin Kermit L. Hall Gregory B. Padgett David R. Colburn See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/forum_magazine Recommended Citation Florida Humanities Council.; Franklin, John Hope; Hall, Kermit L.; Padgett, Gregory B.; Colburn, David R.; and Edmonds, Rick, "Forum : Vol. 18, No. 01 (Winter : 1994/1995)" (1995). FORUM : the Magazine of the Florida Humanities. 58. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/forum_magazine/58 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Florida Humanities at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FORUM : the Magazine of the Florida Humanities by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Florida Humanities Council., John Hope Franklin, Kermit L. Hall, Gregory B. Padgett, David R. Colburn, and Rick Edmonds This article is available at Scholar Commons: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/forum_magazine/58 THE ERA 1954 JVIL RIGth1965 I N T R 0 D Uc TION S0NEARANDS0FARAwAY here is a blind spot in our view of over Florida’s early history on racial matters - the past - a period a little too far the Rosewood massacre, Klan activity and back to remember clearly but too lynchings, the 1951 murder of NAACP field recent to have entered the realm of secretary Harry T. Moore. There was a civil history. For many of us, the civil rights movement in every major Florida city; rights era is such a period.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Rights in the Sunshine State
    THE FIGHT OVER LABOR After generations of slavery, black Floridians, like their counterparts in other southern states, recognized that the basis of wealth was their labor. They joined labor unions, sometimes in coalition with working class whites. They demanded higher wages, went on strikes, quit their jobs, and migrated to new areas for better economic opportunities. African Americans also formed schools to educate themselves and improve their prospects. At the same time, Florida's leaders saw the state's future in agriculture, timber, phosphate mining, turpentine, and tourism. Elite whites, including northern business investors, believed profitability relied on cheap black labor. They also viewed a black presence on Florida's beaches as a threat to the state's burgeoning tourism industry. Laws were passed that prohibited blacks from quitting their jobs or moving to other areas for better employment. Vagrancy and after-dark laws also limited black mobility. Turpentine, phosphate, and railway workers often were paid in company money. This currency, known as scrip, could only be spent at company stores, which charged inflated prices and kept workers in debt to the company. Other methods to control black labor in Florida and other southern states, included limiting access to voting, educational opportunities, and organizing with working whites. These restrictions were achieved through legal and extralegal means, including violence and intimidation. Still, black Floridians continued to struggle and organize for equality. ЛIM CROW In the 1830s, white actor Thomas Dartmouth Rice created a character named Jim Crow, a black clown who danced a jig, spoke in an exaggerated accent, and wore tattered clothing.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Studies
    Social Studies Grade 4 / Week 9 Your Week at a Glance Area of focus: American History – Lesson: Florida and Civil Rights Area of Focus: American History – Lesson: Florida and the Space Program STANDARDS: SS.4.A.8.1 Identify Florida's role in the Civil Rights Movement. SS.4.A.8.3 Describe the effect of the United States space program on Florida's economy and growth. STATUTES: 1003.42 f, h, l, p, q Name Teacher Florida and Civil Rights (adapted from Florida Studies Weekly Week 26) Civil rights are the rights of people to be treated fairly no matter who they are. The civil rights movement took place in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s. The movement was full of people who wanted to change unfair laws. A lot of states had laws that segregated people. To segregate means to separate because of race. Laws said that businesses could choose which people they wanted to serve. Other laws told African Americans where they could and could not go, what jobs they could work and even where they could sit on the bus. By the 1950s, a lot of people were ready for things to change. Leaders like Rosa Parks, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and C.K. Steele looked for ways to show how unfair these laws were. They began forming groups to start using civil disobedience. Civil disobedience is when people peacefully refuse to follow laws they believe are unfair. They did this by organizing boycotts and sit-ins. A boycott is when a group of people decides not to use a company or service until something changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching the Movement
    TEACHING THE MOVEMENT The State Standards We Deserve MARCH 2012 TEACHING TOLERANCE Teaching the Movement The State Standards We Deserve MEDIA AND GENERAL INQUIRIES Ashley Levett Southern Poverty Law Center 400 Washington Ave., Montgomery, Ala. [email protected] (334) 956-8200 www.splcenter.org The SPLC is supported entirely by private donations. No government funds are involved. © Southern Poverty Law Center. All rights reserved. On the cover: Marchers © Takestock/Matt Herron; Policeman and Rosa Parks © AP Photo/Gene Herrick; Students at Little Rock’s Central High School © CORBIS/Bettmann; Dr. King’s speech © CORBIS/Bob Adelman SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER About the Paper This paper was prepared by the Southern Poverty Law Center under the guidance of Teaching Tolerance Director Maureen Costello. The princi- pal researcher and writer was Kate Shuster, Ph.D. The revised standards were reviewed by Jeremy Stern, Ph.D. It was edited by Maureen Costello with assistance from Alice Pettway. It was designed by Scott Phillips and Valerie Downes. About the Southern Poverty Law Center The Southern Poverty Law Center is a nonprofit organization that combats hate, intolerance and discrimination through education and litigation. About Teaching Tolerance Founded in 1991, Teaching Tolerance is dedicated to reducing prejudice, improving intergroup relations and supporting equitable school experi- ences for our nation’s children. The program provides free educational materials to educators for use by millions of students. Teaching Tolerance magazine is sent to 450,000 educa- tors, reaching every school in the country, twice annually. Tens of thousands of educators use the program’s film kits and more than 5,000 schools par- ticipate in the annual Mix It Up at Lunch Day program.
    [Show full text]
  • Papers of the Naacp
    A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Part White Resistance and 20 Reprisals, 1956-1965 UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Part 20: White Resistance and Reprisals, 1956-1965 Edited by John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier Project Coordinator Randolph Boehm Guide compiled by Blair Hydrick A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway * Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Papers of the NAACP. [microform] Accompanied by printed reel guides. Contents: pt. 1. Meetings of the Board of Directors, records of annual conferences, major speeches, and special reports, 1909-1950 / editorial adviser, August Meier; edited by Mark Fox--pt. 2. Personal correspondence of selected NAACP officials, 1919-1939 / editorial--[etc.]--pt. 20. White resistance and reprisals, 1956-1965. 1. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People--Archives. 2. Afro-Americans--Civil Rights--History--20th century--Sources. 3. Afro- Americans--History--1877-1964--Sources. 4. United States--Race relations--Sources. I. Meier, August, 1923-. II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Title. E185.61 [Microfilm] 973'.0496073 86-892185 ISBN 1-55655-593-8 (microfilm: pt. 20) Copyright © 1996 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-593-8.
    [Show full text]