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Revista Mexicana De Ingeniería Química Vol. 19, No. 3 (2020) 1277-1290 Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química Hypomyces chrysospermus ACL-01 isolatedCONTENIDO from Boletus edulis and its effect against fungal Volumen 8, número 3, 2009cereal / Volume pathogens 8, number 3, 2009 Hypomyces chrysospermus ACL-01 aislado a partir de Boletus edulis y su efecto sobre hongos patógenos de cereales 213 Derivation and application of the Stefan-Maxwell equations A. Cartagena-Luna1, A.R. Gayosso-Mexia1, M.A. Anducho-Reyes1, E.O. López-Villegas2, Y. Mercado-Flores1* 1Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología. (Desarrollo y Universidad aplicación de Politécnica las ecuaciones de Pachuca.de Stefan-Maxwell) Carretera Pachuca-Cd. Sahagún Km 20 Ex-Hacienda Stephen Whitakerde Santa Bárbara, 43830, Zempoala Hidalgo, México. 2 Central de Microscopía. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Santo Tomás, 11340, Miguel Hidalgo, CDMX, México. Biotecnología / Biotechnology Received: August 16, 2019; Accepted: January 17, 2020 245 Modelado de la biodegradación en biorreactores de lodos de hidrocarburos totales del petróleo Abstract intemperizados en suelos y sedimentos In this study, the Hypomyces chrysospermus ACL-01 fungus was isolated from the fruiting body of edible basidiomycete Boletus edulis, collected in Acaxochitlán (Biodegradation in the modeling State of of Hidalgo, sludge bioreactors Mexico popularly of total petroleum known as hydrocarbons tlacoayel. Theweathering antagonistic in soil effect of the isolated fungus againstand di sediments)fferent fungal cereal pathogens was evaluated. The dual confrontation test and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that this ascomycete grows on the basidiomycetes Sporisorium reilianum and Tilletia sp., causing loss of cell viability. However,S.A. Medina-Moreno, for the ascomycetes S. Huerta-Ochoa,Bipolaris sorokiniana C.A. Lucho-Constantino,and Pyrenophora L. Aguilera-Vázquez, teres f. teres no eA.ff ectJiménez- was observed. On other hand, StenocarpellaGonzález maydis y M.and Gutiérrez-RojasFusarium sp. inhibited the development of H. chrysospermus ACL-01. The isolated strain produced extracellular259 Crecimiento, enzymatic sobrevivencia activities ofy adaptación the acid andde Bifidobacterium basic proteases, infantis chitinase a condiciones and laccase. ácidas Cellulase and lipase activities were not found. Palabras clave: Hypomyces (Growth, chrysospermus survival and, Boletus adaptation edulis of ,BifidobacteriumTilletia sp., Sporisorium infantis to acidic reilianum conditions). Resumen L. Mayorga-Reyes, P. Bustamante-Camilo, A. Gutiérrez-Nava, E. Barranco-Florido y A. Azaola- En este estudio se aisló elEspinosa hongo Hypomyces chrysospermus ACL-01 a partir del cuerpo fructífero del basidiomiceto comestible Boletus edulis mejor265 conocido Statistical como approach tlacoayel, to optimization colectado of en ethanol Acaxochitlán fermentation Hidalgo, by Saccharomyces México. El efecto cerevisiae antagónico in the de este ascomiceto se evaluó sobre diferentes fitopatógenos de cereales. Las pruebas de confrontación y el análisis por microscopía electrónica de barrido revelaronpresence que of Valfor® el hongo zeolite en estudioNaA crece sobre los basidiomicetos Sporisorium reilianum y Tilletia sp. causándoles pérdida de la viabilidad celular. Sin embargo, para los ascomicetos Bipolaris sorokiniana y Pyrenophora teres f. teres no se observó ningún efecto.(Optimización Por otro lado, estadísticaStenocarpella de la fermentación maydis y Fusarium etanólica sp.de Saccharomyces inhiben el desarrollo cerevisiae de H. en chrysospermuspresencia de ACL- 01. La cepa aislada producezeolita las enzimasValfor® zeolite extracelulares; NaA) proteasas ácida y básica, quitinasa y lacasa. Las actividades celulolíticas y lipolíticas no fueron encontradas.G. Inei-Shizukawa, H. A. Velasco-Bedrán, G. F. Gutiérrez-López and H. Hernández-Sánchez Keywords: Hypomyces chrysospermus, Boletus edulis, Tilletia sp., Sporisorium reilianum. Ingeniería de procesos / Process engineering 1 Introduction271 Localización de una planta industrial: Revisiónthese crítica taxa y adecuación are the genus de los Trichodermacriterios empleados, which en inhibit esta decisión the development of other fungi by the competition for nutrients, the production of antibiotics, and (Plant site selection: Critical review and adequation criteria used in this decision) mycoparasitism. In the latter, the fungus attacks Hypomyces chrysospermusJ.R. Medina,is a cosmopolitan R.L. Romero y G.A. fungal Pérez the host directly by penetrating it and causing its parasite in boletes that grows by invading the entire death (Benítez et al., 2004, Almeida et al., 2007). fruiting body and causing it to rot. At the onset Some species of Trichoderma have been reported to of the infection process, the fungus appears as a affect crops of edible basidiomycete fungi, such as whitish layer that later turns to a gold colour before Agaricus bisporus (champignon), Pleurotus ostreatus acquiring a brownish-red granular appearance. This (oyster mushrooms) and Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) ascomycete belongs to the order of the Hypocreales, by causing green mold disease. Finally, some species some of which have been recognized as mycoparasites of this genus have been isolated for use as efficient (Sahr et al., 1999). The most widely studied of * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] https://doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/Bio795 issn-e: 2395-8472 Publicado por la Academia Mexicana de Investigación y Docencia en Ingeniería Química A.C. 1277 Cartagena-Luna et al./ Revista Mexicana deIngenieríaQuímica Vol. 19, No. 3 (2020) 1277-1290 biofungicides that provide biological control of of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement serious diseases known to adversely affect agriculture Center (Mexico), while Fusarium sp. was obtained (Schuster and Schmoll 2010; Wang et al., 2016). from the microorganism collection of the “Integral Plant diseases caused by fungus contribute directly Use of Biological Resources” research group at the to the destruction of economically important cereal Polytechnic University of Pachuca (Mexico). crops produced primarily for human and animal consumption, such as wheat, corn and barley (Savary 2.2 Culture media and growing conditions et al., 2006; Sobhy et al., 2014). In the case of wheat, diseases like smuts and spot blotch caused by The strains were maintained at room temperature in different species of Tilletia and Bipolaris sorokiniana, tubes containing YEPD medium (1% yeast extract, respectively, are particularly harmful (Kumar et al., 2% peptone, 2% glucose, and 2% agar) and mineral 2009; Garg et al. 2014). In corn, Sporisorium oil (Stebbins and Robbins 1949). The media used to reilianum is the causal agent of head smut, while activate the microorganisms in each experiment were Stenocarpella maydis and some species of Fusarium YEPD and a Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting body infusion generate different types of rot and are important (PFB). This last medium was prepared by boiling 250 mycotoxin producers (Bensch and van Staden 1992; g of fruiting bodies -obtained at a local market- for Parry et al., 1995; Ghareeb et al., 2011; Qiu and Shi 20 min in 800 mL of distilled water, followed by 2014; Álvarez-Cervantes et al., 2016). Pyrenophora filtration. The solution was supplemented with 3 g of teres f. teres is a barley pathogen that triggers the glucose and adjusted to 1 L with distilled water. 2% development of net blotch (Ellwood et al., 2010). agar was added to the solid media. The incubation Currently, the application of chemical compounds temperature for S. reilianum, Tilletia sp., S. maydis and in crop fields constitutes the most common strategy Fusarium sp. was 28 ºC, and for B. sorokiniana and B. for controlling phytopathogens. However, fungicides teres f. teres, 20 ºC. of biological origin are an environmentally-friendly alternative and they have two important advantages: 2.3 Isolation of the fungus first, microorganisms do not develop resistance to fungicides as they do with chemical substances; The mycoparasitic fungus was isolated from fruiting and second, the use of fungicides can decrease the bodies of the edible mushroom B. edulis (Tlacoayel) contamination of agricultural land (Whipps 2001; collected from the locality of Tlamimilolpa, Duffy et al., 2003; Makovitzki et al., 2007; Chávez- municipality of Acaxochitlán, state of Hidalgo, Magdaleno et al., 2018; Ramos-Guerrero et al., 2020). Mexico. The isolated fungus presented yellow cottony While H. chrysospermus has been recognized growth with rot. The fruiting bodies were cut into 1- as a mycoparasite (Sahr et al., 1999), its potential cm3 fragments, placed in a 2% sodium hypochlorite effect on fungi that are pathogenic for plants has solution for 10 min, and then washed twice with sterile not yet been studied. Thus, the purpose of this distilled water. The fungal material was set in plates work is to analyze the effect of one strain of H. with solid YEPD and incubated at 28 °C for 7 d. chrysospermus, isolated from Bolletus edulis -an The plates were observed every 24 h, and the yellow edible fungus commonly known as tlacoayel- against colonies that grew on the fungal tissue were selected six fungal cereal pathogens: four ascomycetes and two and preserved in YEPD. basidiomycetes. 2.4 Identification of the isolated fungus 2 Materials and methods Initial identification of the isolated strain was made by means of microscopic morphology characterization, according to Beug et
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