Taith Gerdded Treftadaeth Menywod: Caerfyrddin Women's Heritage Walk: Carmarthen

Elizabeth Phillips Hughes (right / ar y dde) Rachel Barrett

Taith Gerdded Treftadaeth Menywod: Caerfyrddin Women’s Heritage Walk: Carmarthen

Alice Abadam Edith Hunter

1 Introduction / Cyflwyniad

Women’s Heritage Walks / Teithiau Cerdded Treftadaeth Menywod Welcome to Women’s Archive Wales’ Carmarthen Women’s Heritage Walk. This booklet is one of a series designed to promote an understanding of women’s history in Wales. Women’s history has often been hidden, ignored or neglected. The aim of Women’s Archive Wales is to re-discover the women who have contributed so much to our history and to restore them to their rightful place. In this booklet we have chosen to focus on ten women or groups of women whose stories can be told while walking along this specific route. It is an eclectic mix of women from all classes and backgrounds. Enjoy! Croeso i Daith Gerdded Treftadaeth Menywod Caerfyrddin, Archif Menywod Cymru. Mae’r llyfryn hwn yn un o gyfres a gynlluniwyd i hyrwyddo dealltwriaeth o hanes menywod yng Nghymru. Mae hanes menywod yn aml yn guddiedig, wedi’i anwybyddu neu’i esgeuluso. Nod Archif Menywod Cymru yw ail-ddarganfod y menywod hynny sydd wedi lliwio ein hanes ac adfer iddynt eu lle priodol ynddo. Ar gyfer y llyfryn hwn rydym wedi dewis hanesion deg o fenywod neu grwpiau o fenywod y gellir dweud eu hanes wrth gerdded y llwybr arbennig hwn. Ceir casgliad eclectig o fenywod o bob dosbarth a chefndir. Mwynhewch!

Content / Cynnwys Starting point / man cychwyn: 26 Picton Terrrace/ 26 Teras Picton. 1. Alice Abadam: feminist, suffragist and orator / ffeminist, swffragydd ac areithydd. 2. Rachel Barrett: suffragette, hunger striker and co-editor of ‘The Suffragette’/ swffragét, streicwraig newyn a chyd-olygydd ‘The Suffragette’. 3. Edith Hunter: animal rights activist/ actifydd hawliau anifeiliaid. 4. Laura Hirtzell Powell: Unitarian polymath and domestic innovator / Polymath Undodaidd ac arloeswraig ddomestig. 5. Mary Marles-Thomas: political activist and champion of girls’ education / actifydd gwleidyddol a hyrwyddwraig addysg i fenywod. 6. Elizabeth Phillips Hughes: pioneer of women’s higher education / arloeswraig addysg uwch i fenywod. 7. Dorothea Bate: palaeontologist / palaeontolegydd. 8. Margaret Morgan: worker for women’s welfare /gweithwraig er lles menywod. 9. Florence Price: doctor and surgeon / meddyg a llawfeddyg. 10.Victoria Jones: matron of Guy’s Hospital / metron Ysbyty Guy’s.

2 1. Alice Abadam (1856-1940) 26 Picton Terrace/26 Teras Picton

Alice Abadam was born in Middleton Hall in 1856. She was educated by governesses and, by the time she moved to Carmarthen in the 1880s, had become an accomplished musician, artist and linguist and had converted to the Roman Catholic faith. In 1901, she met Dr Alice Vowe Johnson, who had been appointed as a psychiatrist to St. David’s Hospital, the County Asylum. They were partners for the rest of their lives and, in 1903, they moved together to London where both became active in political and social causes.

Alice Abadam was one of the signatories on the letter which resulted in the formation of the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies. She was a formidable and able public speaker and, in 1918, Alice formed the Feminist League under her own chairmanship, continuing to campaign vigorously until women were granted the vote on the same terms as men. ‘The Two Alices’ are buried together in St Mary’s graveyard.

Ganwyd Alice Abadam ym Middleton Hall yn 1856. Addysgwyd hi gan athrawesau preifat ac, erbyn iddi symud i Gaerfyrddin yn y 1880au, roedd wedi dod yn gerddor, artist ac ieithydd medrus ac roedd wedi troi at y ffydd Babyddol. Yn 1901, cyfarfu â Dr Alice Vowe Johnson, a oedd wedi’i phenodi’n seiciatrydd yn Ysbyty Dewi Sant, Seilam y Sir. Roeddent yn bartneriaid am weddill eu hoes ac, yn 1903, fe symudon nhw gyda’i gilydd i Lundain lle bu’r ddwy yn weithgar mewn achosion gwleidyddol a chymdeithasol. Roedd Alice Abadam yn un o’r rhai a lofnododd y llythyr a arweiniodd at ffurfio Undeb Cenedlaethol Cymdeithasau Rhyddfreinio Menywod. Roedd hi'n siaradwraig gyhoeddus eithriadol a galluog ac, yn 1918, ffurfiodd Alice y Gynghrair Ffeministaidd o dan ei chadeiryddiaeth ei hun, gan barhau i ymgyrchu'n frwd nes bod menywod yn cael y bleidlais ar yr un telerau â dynion yn 1928. Mae’r ‘Ddwy Alices’ wedi'u claddu gyda'i gilydd ym mynwent y Santes Fair.

2. Rachel Barrett (1874-1953) 8 Morley Street/Heol Morley

Rachel Barrett was born in 1874, the daughter of ‘Welsh, Welsh speaking parents’. Rachel won a scholarship to Aberystwyth University where she gained a B.Sc. in mathematics and science. Having taught in Carmarthen, she moved to Penarth County School and became involved with the suffrage movement, helping Adela Pankhurst in Cardiff.

Rachel then moved to London and was a prolific public speaker and co-editor of The Suffragette magazine. She was also a photographer, taking many of the most famous pictures of suffragettes. In 1913 Rachel was arrested and charged with conspiracy. She was sentenced to nine months in prison and was incarcerated in Holloway and Canterbury prisons. There she became a hunger and thirst striker. After WW1, Rachel continued to campaign for women’s rights and died in Sussex in 1953. She was a key figure in the Suffrage movement and her full contribution is yet to be recognised.

The Unveiling of Rachel Barrett’s Blue Plaque, November 2018 Dadorchuddio Plac Glas Rachel Barrett, Tachwedd 2018

Ganwyd Rachel Barrett yn ferch i ‘Gymry, Cymraeg, eu hiaith’. Enillodd hi ysgoloriaeth i Brifysgol Aberystwyth lle enillodd radd B.Sc. mewn mathemateg a gwyddoniaeth. Ar ôl dysgu yng Nghaerfyrddin aeth yn athrawes yn Ysgol Sir Penarth a daeth yn rhan o'r mudiad rhyddfreinio menywod yng Nghaerdydd, gan helpu Adela Pankhurst. Symudodd Rachel i Lundain ac roedd hi'n siaradwraig gyhoeddus doreithiog a chyd- olygydd cylchgrawn The Suffragette. Roedd hi hefyd yn ffotograffydd a thynnodd lawer o'r lluniau enwocaf o swffragetiaid. Yn 1913 cafodd ei harestio a’i chyhuddo o gynllwyn. Fe'i cafwyd yn euog a dedfrydwyd hi i naw mis yn y carchar a chafodd ei charcharu yng ngharchardai Holloway a Chaergaint. Yno aeth ar streic newyn a syched. Ar ôl y Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf, parhaodd Rachel i ymgyrchu dros hawliau menywod a bu farw yn Sussex yn 1953. Roedd yn ffigwr allweddol yn y mudiad rhyddfreinio menywod ac nid yw ei chyfraniad llawn wedi'i gydnabod eto.

3. Edith Hunter (1846-1923) Parc-y-felfed

Edith Hunter, a member of a well-known Unitarian family, lived in Carmarthen from 1863 until her marriage in 1877. By April 1875, Edith had been appointed as secretary to the RSPCA in South West Wales and she was described as ‘the principal mover in the matter’. Edith brought many successful prosecutions, including several relating to the welfare of donkeys used in cockle gathering. It is clear that Edith’s work on behalf of the Society was exceptional, attracting international attention, particularly in the United States of America. The anti-vivisection movement was close to Edith’s heart and she campaigned with considerable determination and enthusiasm, organizing a petition in Carmarthen town to be presented to Parliament. Despite Edith’s relatively short time in Carmarthen she showed a deep dedication to the public life and welfare of the community with the intelligent vibrancy of an educated, forceful and committed woman.

Edith Hunter and family c.1920/ Edith Hunter a’r teulu c.1920

Roedd Edith Hunter yn aelod o deulu Undodaidd adnabyddus, a bu’n byw yng Nghaerfyrddin o 1863 hyd at ei phriodas yn 1877. Erbyn Ebrill 1875, roedd Edith wedi'i phenodi'n ysgrifenyddes i'r RSPCA yn ne-orllewin Cymru. Disgrifiwyd hi fel ‘prif arweinydd yr achos’. Ymroddodd Edith i hyrwyddo'r achos gan ddod â llawer o erlyniadau llwyddiannus, gan gynnwys sawl un yn ymwneud â lles asynnod a ddefnyddid wrth gasglu cocos. Mae’n amlwg bod gwaith Edith ar ran y Gymdeithas yn eithriadol, a thrwy hynny denodd sylw yn rhyngwladol, yn enwedig yn yr Unol Daleithiau. Roedd y mudiad gwrth-vivisection yn un a oedd yn agos at galon Edith ac ymatebodd hi gyda chryn benderfyniad a brwdfrydedd, gan drefnu deiseb yng Nghaerfyrddin i'w chyflwyno i'r Senedd. Er mai am amser cymharol fyr y bu yng Nghaerfyrddin dangosodd Edith ymroddiad dwfn i fywyd cyhoeddus a lles y gymuned gyda bywiogrwydd deallus menyw addysgedig, rymus ac ymroddedig.

4. Laura Hirtzel Powell (1828-1901) Parc-y-felfed

One of the most comprehensive accounts that has survived of Carmarthen life in the nineteenth century, is contained in the diaries of Laura Hirtzell Powell who came to the town in 1864 . Laura was born in Devon in 1828, and kept a daily diary for sixty years. The diaries themselves are well written and articulate and provide the portrait of a family who lived their lives guided by the religious and moral values which were at the core of their existence. These writings give a detailed insight into the world of the educated, unmarried middle class woman. Laura assumed responsibility for the family following her sister’s death in 1866 and she sought to bring her literary, scientific and technical knowledge and interests into the lives of her family and her community. Carmarthen women looked to her for advice on such matters as the operation and purchasing of sewing machines and the installation of gas into their homes.

Mae un o'r adroddiadau mwyaf cynhwysfawr sydd wedi goroesi o fywyd Caerfyrddin yn y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg yn nyddiaduron Laura Hirtzell Powell a ddaeth i'r dref yn 1864. Ganwyd Laura Hirtzell Powell yn Nyfnaint yn 1828, a bu’n cadw dyddiadur dyddiol am drigain mlynedd. Mae'r dyddiaduron eu hunain wedi'u hysgrifennu'n dda ac yn groyw ac maen nhw’n portreadu teulu a fu'n byw eu bywydau yn unol â’r gwerthoedd crefyddol a moesol a oedd wrth wraidd eu bodolaeth. Mae'r ysgrifau hyn yn rhoi mewnwelediad manwl i fyd y fenyw ddosbarth canol addysgedig, ddibriod. Cymerodd Laura gyfrifoldeb am y teulu yn dilyn marwolaeth ei chwaer yn 1866 a cheisiodd ddod â’i gwybodaeth a’i diddordebau llenyddol, gwyddonol a thechnegol i fywydau ei theulu a’i chymuned. Ceisiai menywod Caerfyrddin ei chyngor ar faterion fel defnyddio a phrynu peiriannau gwnïo a gosod nwy yn eu cartrefi.

5. Mary Marles-Thomas (1836-1903) 10 Quay Street/10 Heol Y Cei

Mary Marles-Thomas founded The Girls’ Collegiate School in Quay Street in 1881. Following death of her husband, Gwilym Marles Thomas, in 1879 a national subscription fund raised £1000 for the maintenance of Mary and her seven children. She used this money to establish the school. There is no doubt the reputation of the Marles-Thomas’ family as educators drew in pupils from all over Wales as well as up to forty day pupils from the town. The curriculum of the Collegiate School, included biology, Latin and physical education and several of the young women, on leaving the establishment, having gained national qualifications, were able to pursue higher education and professional careers. Mary Marles was prominent in organisations associated with the Liberal Party and other feminist causes. After Mary’s death in 1903, her daughters, who were graduates, ran a school in Aberystwyth and became prominent activists in the suffrage movement.

10 Quay Street/10 Heol Y Cei

Sefydlodd Mary Marles-Thomas Ysgol Golegol y Merched yn Heol y Cei yn 1881. Yn dilyn marwolaeth ei gŵr, Gwilym Marles Thomas, yn 1879 cododd cronfa danysgrifio genedlaethol £1000 ar gyfer cynnal a chadw Mary a’i saith plentyn. Defnyddiodd yr arian hwn i sefydlu’r ysgol. Nid oes amheuaeth i enw da teulu ‘Marles-Thomas’ fel addysgwyr ddenu disgyblion o bob rhan o Gymru ynghyd â hyd at ddeugain o ddisgyblion dydd o’r dref. Roedd cwricwlwm yr Ysgol Golegol yn cynnwys bioleg, Lladin ac addysg gorfforol ac roedd nifer o'r menywod ifanc, ar ôl gadael y sefydliad, wedi ennill cymwysterau, yn medru dilyn addysg uwch a gyrfaoedd proffesiynol.

Daeth Mary Marles yn weithgar mewn sefydliadau sy'n gysylltiedig â'r Blaid Ryddfrydol ac achosion ffeministaid eraill. Ar ôl marwolaeth Mary yn 1903, bu ei merched, a oedd yn raddedigion, yn rhedeg ysgol yn Aberystwyth a daethant yn actifyddion amlwg yn y mudiad rhyddfreinio menywod.

6. Elizabeth Phillips Hughes (1851-1925) 36 Spilman Street/36Heol Spilman)

Elizabeth Phillips Hughes was born in Carmarthen in 1851 and attended schools in England. She studied at Newnham College Cambridge, where in, 1884, she gained a First in Moral Sciences. Like all women, she was not awarded the degree, but was appointed the first principal of Cambridge Training College (CTC) for Women. She championed the entitlement of girls and women to secondary and higher education and, after leaving Cambridge in 1899, she lectured in Tokyo University. Elizabeth retired to Barry and, convinced that war in Europe was inevitable, she led the establishment of a Red Cross Hospital. In 1917, she was the first woman in Wales to be awarded the MBE and, three years later, the degree of LL.D. was confered on her by the University of Wales. Her achievements were honoured by Cambridge University in 1949 when women were, at last, awarded degrees and the building housing CTC was renamed as ‘Hughes Hall.

Elizabeth Phillips Hughes (centre) with the students of CTC/Elizabeth Phillips Hughes gyda myfyrwyr CTC

Ganwyd Elizabeth Phillips yng Nghaerfyrddin yn 1851 a mynychodd ysgolion yn Taunton a Cheltenham. Astudiodd yng Ngholeg Newnham Caergrawnt, lle yn 1884, enillodd Radd Ddosbarth Cyntaf mewn Gwyddorau Moesol. Er na ddyfarnwyd gradd iddi, fel pob merch arall, fe’i penodwyd yn bennaeth cyntaf Coleg Hyfforddi Caergrawnt i Fenywod yn 1885. Bu’n hyrwyddo hawl merched a menywod i addysg uwchradd ac uwch ac, ar ôl gadael Caergrawnt yn 1899, daeth yn athro gwadd ym Mhrifysgol Tokyo. Ymddeolodd Elizabeth Hughes i'r Barri a ddaeth yn argyhoeddedig bod rhyfel yn Ewrop yn anochel ac arweinodd hyn iddi sefydlu Ysbyty cyntaf y Groes Goch. Yn 1917, hi oedd y fenyw gyntaf yng Nghymru i dderbyn yr MBE ac, yn 1920, dyfarnwyd LL.D. i Elizabeth gan Brifysgol Cymru. Anrhydeddwyd ei chyflawniadau gan Brifysgol Caergrawnt yn 1949 pan ddyfarnwyd graddau i ferched o’r diwedd ac ailenwyd yr adeilad lle’r oedd CTC (y Coleg Hyfforddi i Fenywod) yn ‘Hughes Hall’.

8 7. Dorothea Bate (1878-1948) Napier House Spilman Street/ Tŷ Napier Heol Spilman)

Dorothea Bate was born in Napier House, Spilman Street in 1878. Dorothea had no formal education but seems to have been fascinated by nature and wildlife. In 1898, she went, on her own initiative, to the Natural History Museum in London and asked for work. Although she was so young and unqualified, she was the first woman to be employed as a scientist by the Museum. She became a world-renowned expert in the field of archaeozoology. The focus of her research was to explore the reasons for change and adaptation among the different species. She did this by studying fossils and spent a considerable amount of time in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Dorothea also had a keen interest in climate change. Dorothea was one of the most prominent scientists of her generation and continued her work until her death in 1948.

Ganwyd Dorothea Bate yn Nhŷ Napier, Stryd Spilman yn 1878. Ni chafodd Dorothea fawr o addysg ffurfiol ond mae’n ymddangos iddi gael ei swyno gan fyd natur a bywyd gwyllt. Yn 1898, aeth ar ei liwt ei hun i’r Amgueddfa Astudiaethau Natur yn Llundain a gofyn am waith. Er ei bod mor ifanc a heb gymwysterau, hi oedd y fenyw gyntaf i’w chyflogi yn wyddonydd gan yr Amgueddfa. Daeth yn arbenigwraig fyd enwog ym maes archaesŵoleg. Canolbwynt ei maes llafur oedd archwilio’r rhesymau dros newid ac addasu ymhlith y gwahanol rywogaethau. Gwnaeth hyn trwy astudio ffosilau a threuliodd dipyn o amser yn ardal Môr y Canoldir a’r Dwyrain Canol. Roedd ganddi ddiddordeb mawr hefyd mewn newid hinsawdd. Yn wir, roedd Dorothea yn un o wyddonwyr mwyaf amlwg ei chenhedlaeth tan ei marwolaeth yn 1948.

9 8. Margaret Morgan (1835-1908) 17 Spilman Street/ 17 Heol Spilman

Margaret Morgan was born in Llandeilo in 1835 and came to Carmarthen to work. By 1881, Margaret was the Parish Mission Woman as well as being the Matron employed by the Carmarthen Maternity Charity. As part of her work, she visited the homes of poor families in the town, bringing them food, warm bedding and medicines. She was given free accommodation here on condition that she opened her rooms once a week to any poor woman or child who would be encouraged to read, sew or knit. Margaret ran a savings club for the poor and encouraged women to have their children christened in the Parish Church. By 1891, Margaret Morgan had moved to Pershore to become housekeeper to a woman who she had known as a young woman in Carmarthen. Margaret Morgan may be regarded as the woman who ran the first ‘safe house’ for women and children in the town.

The Parish Magazine 1882/Cylchgrawn Y Plwyf 1882

Ganed Margaret Morgan yn Llandeilo yn 1835 a daeth i Gaerfyrddin i weithio. Erbyn 1881, Margaret oedd Menyw Genhadol y Plwyf yn ogystal â bod yn Fetron a gyflogid gan Elusen Mamolaeth Caerfyrddin. Fel rhan o’i gwaith, ymwelai â chartrefi teuluoedd tlawd yn y dref, gan ddod â bwyd, dillad gwely cynnes a meddyginiaethau iddynt. Fel rhan o'i chyflogaeth cafodd lety am ddim yma yn 17 Stryd Spilman ar yr amod ei bod yn agor ei hystafelloedd unwaith yr wythnos i unrhyw fenyw dlawd neu blentyn yn y dref a gâi eu hannog i ddarllen, gwnïo neu wau. Roedd Margaret yn rhedeg clwb cynilo ar gyfer y tlawd hefyd ac yn annog menywod i fedyddio eu plant yn Eglwys y Plwyf. Erbyn 1891, roedd Margaret Morgan wedi symud i Pershore a bu yn cadw tŷ i fenyw yr oedd hi wedi'i hadnabod fel merch ifanc. Gellir ei hystyried fel y fenyw gyntaf i redeg lloches i ferched a phlant yn y dref.

9. Florence Price (1879-1957) 144 Priory Street/144 Heol y Prior

In 1912, there were only 533 women physicians in Great Britain. One of these, Florence Price, was brought up in this house. She studied in Edinburgh, graduating in 1904 and, in December of that year, she was appointed house physician to Swansea Hospital, the first woman to join the medical staff. Dr. Price practised medicine for forty years, eventually becoming an ophthalmic surgeon at Port Talbot Hospital. In May 1908, Florence married Dr. Frank Thomas and, most unusually for the time, continued to pursue her career while raising a family. When she died in 1957 it was noted that ‘she knew how to distribute energy between her home and her profession’. Above all else, the author of her obituary noted that ‘her outstanding quality was a sincerity that fairly shone…her intense human sympathy never willingly stopped at words; she always longed to help, and when possible she did. Her patients adored her…a rare and beautiful spirit has taken flight’.

Swansea Hospital St. Helen’s Road, 1910/ Yspyty Abertawe, Heol Sant Helen, 1910

Yn 1912, dim ond 533 o feddygon benywaidd oedd ym Mhrydain Fawr o hyd. Cafodd un o'r rhain, Florence Price, ei magu yn y tŷ hwn ac astudiodd hi ym Mhrifysgol Caeredin gan raddio yn 1904. Ym mis Rhagfyr y flwyddyn honno, fe’i penodwyd yn feddyg tŷ i Ysbyty Abertawe, y fenyw gyntaf i ymuno â staff meddygol y sefydliad hwnnw. Bu Dr Price yn feddyg am ddeugain mlynedd, gan ddod yn llawfeddyg offthalmig yn Ysbyty Port Talbot maes o law. Ym mis Mai 1908, priododd Florence â Dr. Frank Thomas ac, yn anarferol iawn yn y cyfnod hwn, parhaodd i ddilyn ei gyrfa wrth fagu teulu. Pan fu farw yn 1957 yn 78 oed, nodwyd ‘ei bod yn gwybod sut i rannu ei hegni rhwng ei chartref a’i phroffesiwn’. Yn anad dim, nododd awdur ei hysgrif goffa mai ‘ei rhinwedd amlycaf oedd diffuantrwydd a ddisgleiriai’n hardd… ni chyfyngid ei chydymdeimlad dynol dwys gan eiriau yn unig; roedd hi bob amser yn dyheu i helpu, gwnâi hynny bob tro posibl. Roedd ei chleifion yn dwlu arni… mae ysbryd prin a hardd wedi hedfan ymaith.’

10. Victoria Jones (1837-1935) 4 The Parade/4 Y Rhodfa

Victoria Jones was born in Carmarthen in 1837 and left the town in 1878, to study nursing as a ‘lady-pupil’ at Guy’s Hospital, London. Within a few years, she had become a ward sister. When the controversial matron of Guy’s, Margaret Burt, left her post in 1882, Victoria was appointed in her place. Victoria was committed to the formal training of nurses and was one of the pioneers of the movement for registration.Victoria played a pivotal role in the creation of the first generation of professionally trained nurses. Several women from Carmarthen followed Victoria to Guy’s and it was on her recommendation that at least two of the first matrons appointed to Carmarthen Infirmary obtained their posts. On at least one occasion, Victoria was called to the Old Bailey to translate for Welsh speaking witnesses. She retired in 1892 and continued living in London, dying at the age of 98 in 1935.

Ganwyd Victoria Jones yng Nghaerfyrddin yn 1837 ac, yn 1878, gadawodd Gaerfyrddin i astudio nyrsio fel ‘lady-pupil’ yn Ysbyty Guy’s, Llundain. Ymhen ychydig flynyddoedd, daeth Victoria yn chwaer yn yr ysbyty. Pan adawodd metron ddadleuol Guy’s, Margaret Burt, ei swydd yn 1882, penodwyd Victoria yn ei lle. Dangosodd Victoria ymroddiad i hyfforddi nyrsys yn ffurfiol ac roedd yn un o arloeswyr y mudiad i’w cofrestru nhw. Chwaraeodd Victoria ran ganolog yn creu'r genhedlaeth gyntaf o nyrsys wedi'u hyfforddi'n broffesiynol. Dilynodd sawl merch o Gaerfyrddin Victoria i Guy’s a thrwy ei hargymhelliad y cafodd o leiaf dwy o’r metronau cyntaf a benodwyd i Ysbyty Caerfyrddin eu swyddi. Ar un achlysur o leiaf, galwyd Victoria i'r Old Bailey i gyfieithu ar gyfer tystion oedd yn siarad Cymraeg. Ymddeolodd yn 1892 gan barhau i fyw yn Llundain tan ei marwolaeth yn 1935 yn 98 mlwydd oed.