DOCSLIB.ORG

Women's Professional Employment in Wales 1880-1939

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Women's Professional Employment in Wales 1880-1939 Women’s Professional Employment in Wales 1880-1939 School of History, Archaeology and Religion Cardiff University Beth Jenkins 2016 A Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract This thesis examines women’s professional employment in Wales between 1880 and 1939. It explores women’s negotiation of professional identities, their formation of professional networks, and their relationship with the broader women’s movement over this formative period in the emergence of the professions. The thesis contributes to neglected histories of women and the middle class in Wales, and enhances our understanding of the strategies women used to enter professional society. As the first major study of women’s professional employment in Wales, the thesis suggests that the Welsh women’s experience did exhibit some distinctive features. Women’s education attained a political and cultural importance in Wales from the late nineteenth century. But the nation’s economic development offered limited opportunities for educated women’s paid employment. This exacerbated the high proportion of women in the teaching profession, and meant that women’s professional employment was confined to a smaller range of occupations in Wales by the outbreak of the Second World War. Unlike most related studies of women’s work which focus on individual occupations, this thesis provides a comparative approach of women’s employment in medicine, teaching and academia. Such an approach reveals the interconnections and networks between groups of professional women and allows for analysis of an overarching feminine version of professional identity. In doing so, the thesis argues that women participated in professional society by exploiting – rather than directly challenging – contemporary gender norms and existing professional practices. By exploiting contemporary gender norms, women developed a distinctive feminine professional identity which highlighted their ‘natural’ skills and, following professional practices, they increasingly institutionalised their networks into women’s professional organisations and capitalised upon professional ideals of meritocracy. Table of Contents List of figures page ii Acknowledgements iii Abbreviations iv Map of historic counties of Wales vi Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Concepts and Contexts 20 Chapter 2: Negotiating Femininity 38 Chapter 3: Strategies of Separatism 82 Chapter 4: Suffrage, Citizenship and Workplace Equality 119 Chapter 5: Place, Politics and Class 152 Conclusion 191 Biographies 197 Appendices 205 Bibliography 215 i List of figures 1. Photograph of the Cardiff and District Women’s Suffrage Society Page on 13 June 1908. 126 2. Map of female medical practitioners in Wales and Monmouth, 154 1912. 3. Map of female medical practitioners in Wales and Monmouth, 155 1924. 4. J. M. Staniforth Cartoon depicting the campaign for a woman 159 doctor at Cardiff Gaol from the Evening Express, 13 February 1896. ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisors Dr Stephanie Ward and Dr Tracey Loughran for their expert help, guidance and encouragement throughout my studies. Special thanks also to Professor Bill Jones, without whom this project would not have started. I am extremely grateful to Ceridwen Richards, Eluned Evans and Margaret Griffiths for sharing their time and memories with me. Many thanks also to Neil Evans and Professor Angela V. John for kindly sending me references and copies of material. Thanks to all the archivists and librarians for their assistance in locating and accessing the materials that form the basis of this study. In particular, many thanks to Alison Harvey at Cardiff University and Julie Archer at Aberystwyth University for arranging for me to view boxes of uncatalogued material from the institutional archives. I am grateful to the Arts and Humanities Research Council for funding this thesis. I would also like to thank the generosity of the Glamorgan History Society, the School of History, Archaeology and Religion at Cardiff University and the Bill John Travel Scholarship Fund for funding my research trips and conferences. Many thanks also to Professor June Purvis and Professor Christopher Williams for examining this thesis. Finally, thank you to my parents, Tom, and Anthony for their unwavering support. iii Abbreviations AAM Association of Assistant Mistresses APEGW Association for Promoting the Education of Girls in Wales AUIA Aberystwyth University Institutional Archive AWST Association of Women Science Teachers BFUW British Federation of University Women BL British Library BMA British Medical Association BMJ British Medical Journal BUA Bangor University Archives CCL Cardiff Central Library CDWCA Cardiff and District Women Citizens’ Association CDWSS Cardiff and District Women’s Suffrage Society CMS Cardiff Medical School CRO Caernarfon Record Office CUIA Cardiff University Institutional Archive GA Glamorgan Archives ILP Independent Labour Party IOE Institute of Education IWM Imperial War Museum LEA Local Education Authority LSMW London School of Medicine for Women MOH Medical Officer of Health MRO Meirionnydd Record Office MWF Medical Women’s Federation NAS National Association of Schoolmasters NAWCS National Association of Women Civil Servants NFWT National Federation of Women Teachers NLW National Library of Wales NUSEC National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship NUT National Union of Teachers NUWSS National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies NUWT National Union of Women Teachers NWNA North Wales Nursing Association RBA Richard Burton Archives SCOLAR Special Collections and Archives, Cardiff University SWDN South Wales Daily News SWH Scottish Women’s Hospitals SWML South Wales Miners’ Library SDRA Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act TNA The National Archives UCNW University College of North Wales UCSWM University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire VAD Voluntary Aid Detachment WA Wellcome Archives WGA West Glamorgan Archives iv WL The Women’s Library WNSM Welsh National School of Medicine WUWLA Welsh Union of Women’s Liberal Associations WCA Women Citizens’ Association WFL Women’s Freedom League WLA Women’s Liberal Association WSPU Women’s Social and Political Union v Map of the Historic Counties of Wales vi Introduction This thesis examines women’s professional employment in Wales between 1880 and 1939. During this period, each generation of professional women faced tensions between gender prescriptions and their paid employment. The main chapters in this study explore how women responded to those tensions in their negotiation of professional identities, their formation of professional networks, and their relationship with the broader women’s movement over this formative period in the emergence of the professions. Through an exploration of the strategies women used to enter professional society in Wales, the thesis contributes to our understanding of the gendered nature of the professions, and histories of women and the middle class in Wales in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The introduction outlines the arguments, historiographical contribution and structure of the thesis; it discusses the survival and interpretation of the sources used; and, finally, provides a brief historical overview of women’s paid employment in Wales. (i) Arguments, Aims and Contribution Unlike most studies of women’s professional employment which focus on individual occupations, this thesis examines the professions collectively.1 As Burrage and Torstendahl note, ‘the inclination of historians is to study a particular profession, over a specified time period…few have also considered them collectively as a distinct social formation and tried to assess their significance for British society’.2 Whilst accommodating occupational differences, a collective approach reveals the interconnections and networks between groups of professional women and the extent to which there was an overarching feminine version of professional identity. Viewing women’s professional employment holistically also enables questions to be asked about 1 Helen Glew, Gender, Rhetoric and Regulation: Women’s Work in the Civil Service and the London County Council, 1900-55 (Manchester, 2016); Catriona Blake, The Charge of the Parasols: Women’s Entry to the Medical Profession (London, 1990); Louise A. Jackson, Women Police: Gender, Welfare and Surveillance in the Twentieth Century (Manchester, 2006); Alison Oram, Women Teachers and Feminist Politics (Manchester, 1996); Laura Kelly, Irish Women in Medicine, c.1880s-1920s: Origins, Education and Careers (Manchester, 2012). 2 Michael Burrage and Rolf Torstendahl (eds), Professions in Theory and History: Rethinking the Study of the Professions (New York, 1985), p.18. 1 why some occupations allowed greater scope for women’s employment than others and highlights the uneven historical trajectory of women’s paid, professional work. This thesis argues that women participated in professional society by exploiting – rather than directly challenging – both contemporary gender norms and existing practices of professionalisation. By exploiting contemporary gender norms, women developed a distinctive feminine professional identity which highlighted their ‘natural’ skills and, following professional practices, they increasingly institutionalised their networks into women’s professional organisations and capitalised upon professional ideals of meritocracy. The definition of what constitutes a ‘profession’, as chapter one will show, has been contested
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Waldorf Education & Anthroposophy 2
    WALDORF EDUCATION AND ANTHROPOSOPHY 2 [XIV] FOU NDAT IONS OF WALDORF EDUCAT ION R U D O L F S T E I N E R Waldorf Education and Anthroposophy 2 Twelve Public Lectures NOVEMBER 19,1922 – AUGUST 30,1924 Anthroposophic Press The publisher wishes to acknowledge the inspiration and support of Connie and Robert Dulaney ❖ ❖ ❖ Introduction © René Querido 1996 Text © Anthroposophic Press 1996 The first two lectures of this edition are translated by Nancy Parsons Whittaker and Robert F. Lathe from Geistige Zusammenhänge in der Gestaltung des Menschlichen Organismus, vol. 218 of the Complete Works of Rudolf Steiner, published by Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach, Switzerland, 1976. The ten remaining lectures are a translation by Roland Everett of Anthroposophische Menschenkunde und Pädagogik, vol. 304a of the Complete Works of Rudolf Steiner, published by Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach, Switzerland, 1979. Published by Anthroposophic Press RR 4, Box 94 A-1, Hudson, N.Y. 12534 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Steiner, Rudolf, 1861–1925. [Anthroposophische Menschenkunde und Pädagogik. English] Waldorf education and anthroposophy 2 : twelve public lectures. November 19, 1922–August 30, 1924 / Rudolf Steiner. p. cm. — (Foundations of Waldorf education ;14) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-88010-388-4 (pbk.) 1. Waldorf method of education. 2. Anthroposophy. I. Title. II. Series. LB1029.W34S7213 1996 96-2364 371.3'9— dc20 CIP 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher, except for brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and articles.
    [Show full text]
  • Steiner-Soul-Economy.Pdf
    SOUL ECONOMY BODY, SOUL, AND SPIRIT IN WALDORF EDUCATION [XII] THE FOUNDATIONS OF WALDORF EDUCATION RUDOLF STEINER SOUL ECONOMY BODY, SOUL, AND SPIRIT IN WALDORF EDUCATION Lectures presented in Dornach, Switzerland December 23, 1921 – January 5, 1922 V Anthroposophic Press Published by Anthroposophic Press P. O . B o x 7 9 9 Great Barrington, MA 01230 www.steinerbooks.org Translated with permission by Roland Everett from Rudolf Steiner, Die gesunde Eniwicke- lung des Leiblich-Physischen als Grandlage der freien Enrfalrung des Seelisch-Geistigen (GA 303) copyright © 1977 Rudolf Steiner–Nachlassverwaltung. Revised edition by Anthroposophic Press, copyright © 2003 Introduction by William Jensen copyright ©2003 Publication of this work was made possible by a grant from THE WALDORF CURRICULUM FUND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without the writ- ten permission of the publishers, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. ISBN 0-88010-517-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Steiner, Rudolf, 1861–1925. [Gesunde Entwicklung des Leiblich-Physischen als Grundlage der freien Entfaltung des Seelisch-Geistigen. English] Soul economy : body, soul, and spirit in Waldorf education / Rudolf Steiner. p. cm. — (The foundations of Waldorf education ; 12) “Lectures presented in Dornach, Switzerland, December 23, 1921–January 5, 1922.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-88010-517-8 (alk. paper) 1. Steiner, Rudolf, 1861–1925 — Views on education. 2. Waldorf method of education. 3. Anthroposophy. I. Title. II. Series. LB775.S7G4713 2003 370'.1— dc21 2003006511 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 C ONTENTS Editor’s Introduction .
    [Show full text]
  • Rudolf Steiner Gesamtausgabe Vorträge
    RUDOLF STEINER GESAMTAUSGABE VORTRÄGE ÖFFENTLICHE VORTRÄGE Copyright Rudolf Steiner Nachlass-Verwaltung Buch:77b Seite: 1 Copyright Rudolf Steiner Nachlass-Verwaitung Buch: 77b Seite: 2 RUDOLF STEINER Kunst und Anthroposophie Der Goetheanum-Impuls Sommerkurs / Summer Art Course Dornach 1921 Vorträge und Ansprachen, Dornach, 21. bis 27. August 1921, darunter eine Fragenbeantwortung, eine Bauführung, sowie drei Ansprachen zu Eurythmie-Aufführungen Mit sieben Autoreferaten 1996 RUDOLF STEINER VERLAG DORN ACH/SCHWEIZ Copyright Rudolf Steiner Nachlass-Verwaltung Buch: 7 7b Seite: 3 Nach vom Vortragenden nicht durchgesehenen Nachschriften herausgegeben von der Rudolf Steiner-Nachlaßverwaltung Die Herausgabe besorgten Susi LÖtscher und Ulla Trapp 1. Auflage, Gesamtausgabe Dornach 1996 Frühere Veröffentlichungen in Zeitschriften siehe zu Beginn der «Hinweise» Bibliographie-Nr. 77b Alle Rechte bei der Rudolf Steiner-Nachlaßverwaltung,Dornach/Schweiz © 1996 by Rudolf Steiner-Nachlaßverwaltung, Dornach/Schweiz Printed in Germany by Konkordia Druck, Bühl/Baden ISBN 3-7274-0772-7 Copyright Rudolf Steiner Nachlass-Verwaltung Buch:77b Seite:4 7.u den Veröffentlichungen aus dem Vortragswerk von Rudolf Steiner Die Gesamtausgabe der Werke Rudolf Steiners (1861 bis 1925) gliedert sich in die drei großen Abteilungen: Schriften - Vorträge - Künstlerisches Werk (siehe die Übersicht am Schluß des Bandes). Von den in den Jahren 1900 bis 1924 sowohl öffentlich wie für die Mitglieder der Theosophischen, später Anthro- posophischen Gesellschaft zahlreichen frei gehaltenen Vorträgen und Kursen hatte Rudolf Steiner ursprünglich nicht gewollt, daß sie schriftlich fetsgehalten würden, da sie von ihm als «mündliche, nicht zum Druck bestimmte Mitteilungen» gedacht waren. Nachdem aber zunehmend unvollständige und fehlerhafte Hörernachschriften an- gefertigt und verbreitet wurden, sah er sich veranlaßt, das Nachschreiben zu regeln.
    [Show full text]
  • Location Guide Accessible from All Parts of Britain
    Map 1 United Kingdom Map 2 University and City Centre University Hall Student Residence/ AB CD EF GH 29 TO BRISTOL, L ONDON Conference Centre M4 M4 Map 3 6 30 6 A48(M) CASTLETON Leave the A48 at A 4 Llanedeyrn Interchange, 7 29a 0 sign-posted to Docks M4 and Cardiff East, A UE NOR TH 4 N LL ANISHEN AVE A4161. At the EDINBURG H 6 D SEA 32 N A RHIWBINA 9 R O M4 TE R ST MELLONS MARSHFIELD roundabout, take the A S T 4 A CARDIFF EAS T R exit sign-posted 7 E PARK & RIDE O NEWCASTLE 0 LL ANRUMP NEY UPON TYN E 5 W 5 Llanedeyrn and, at the BELFAST 8 V E N 4 A N WHITCHURCH Y next roundabout take O CYNCOED A E R SCHOOL N T M 7 H U the first exit sign-posted BAL L R 8 N R ROAD A 4 O L 4 Cyncoed. Follow the LLANRUMNEY L IRISH SEA LEED S A ROA TH PEN -Y- LA N B D SPOR TS PARK COMPLEX road up the hill to a set LIVERPOOL MAP 5 EASTERN A GABALF A MAP 3 LEISURE of traffic lights. Turn MANCHESTER 41 MAP 4 CENTRE 1 INTERCHANGE right at the lights into 9 LLANEDEYR N 2 INTERCHANG E Cyncoed Road. Take the LL ANDAFF E U BIRMINGHA M NOR TH A4 N third turning left into TO J34 M4 A 8 E 4 E EASTERN AV 4 LLANTRIS AN T U 21 4 4 98 A Tyˆ Gwyn Road and N 7 A 4 A470 0 4 2 RUMNEY M5 0 LL ANDAFF E 5 6 32 M5 V 9 approximately A 65 CA THA YS ROA TH M4 M4 LONDO N 90 N 100 metres on the right R 7 E A D CARDIFF BRISTO L T 8 469 hand side, turn into S 12 A F AIR WA TER WE 13 O 8 BUTE 17 PORT R Birchwood Lane and 4 22 W M5 A P ARK 46 E SOUTHAMPTO N N enter the main gate.
    [Show full text]
  • The Involvement of the Women of the South Wales Coalfield In
    “Not Just Supporting But Leading”: The Involvement of the Women of the South Wales Coalfield in the 1984-85 Miners’ Strike By Rebecca Davies Enrolment: 00068411 Thesis submitted for Doctor of Philosophy degree at the University of Glamorgan February 2010. ABSTRACT The 1984-85 miners’ strike dramatically changed the face of the South Wales Valleys. This dissertation will show that the women’s groups that played such a crucial supportive role in it were not the homogenous entity that has often been portrayed. They shared some comparable features with similar groups in English pit villages but there were also qualitative differences between the South Wales groups and their English counterparts and between the different Welsh groups themselves. There is evidence of tensions between the Welsh groups and disputes with the communities they were trying to assist, as well as clashes with local miners’ lodges and the South Wales NUM. At the same time women’s support groups, various in structure and purpose but united in the aim of supporting the miners, challenged and shifted the balance of established gender roles The miners’ strike evokes warm memories of communities bonding together to fight for their survival. This thesis investigates in detail the women involved in support groups to discover what impact their involvement made on their lives afterwards. Their role is contextualised by the long-standing tradition of Welsh women’s involvement in popular politics and industrial disputes; however, not all women discovered a new confidence arising from their involvement. But others did and for them this self-belief survived the strike and, in some cases, permanently altered their own lives.
    [Show full text]
  • ABERYSTWYTH DIGITAL HERITAGE WALK the Women's Heritage Walk Has Been Developed As Part of the Women's Archive of Wales '
    ABERYSTWYTH DIGITAL HERITAGE WALK The Women’s Heritage Walk has been developed as part of the Women’s Archive of Wales ‘Century of Hope Project’, funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund. The project marks the centenary of some women getting the right to vote in parliamentary elections, and this walk draws attention to some of the remarkable women who have lived in Aberystwyth during the last two hundred years, and to the man who contributed powerfully to the campaign for the vote. The information in this booklet gives a very brief account of their achievements, but we hope that – especially for the less well known – it will lead to more interest in them. Length of walk: approximately 90 minutes. Ability level: this walk should be accessible to all levels of ability. Route: Ceredigion Museum, Pier Street, Old College, Vulcan Street, Chalybeate Street, Portland Street, Alexandra Hall, The Prom, the Coliseum Theatre and Cinema, Ceredigion Museum. Follow the walk on an App. The Women’s Archive of Wales would like to thank Advancing Aberystwyth for working in partnership with us to develop the free digital app version of this walk. Search for ‘Aber App’ at the App Store or Google Play using your IOS or Android device. The App is free and available in Welsh & English. The Women’s Archive of Wales works to raise the profile of women’s history in Wales and to preserve the sources which tell their story. We organise all kinds of events to promote and celebrate the history of women in Wales. Visit our website www.womensarchivewales.org for more details and to join us, and follow us at @AMC_WAW Copyright © Archif Menywod Cymru Women’s Archive Wales Tour Map – Detailed Aberystwyth town maps are available at Ceredigion Museum Location 1: Ceredigion Museum – The home of Olwen Davies’ opera dresses and a place where she performed.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide for International Students 2010
    2866 Cardiff Uni Int Students new4:Layout 1 17/3/10 14:36 Page 2 Guide for International Students 2010 www.cardiff.ac.uk/international 2866 Cardiff Uni Int Students new4:Layout 1 17/3/10 14:36 Page 3 Welcome to your Induction Programme! We understand that arriving in a new place can be a daunting prospect. Even if the UK itself is not a completely new experience to you, we recognise that coming to study here will be a challenging and exciting experience for you. At Cardiff, we take great care to ensure your smooth arrival and help you to settle in to your new way of life in the University and local community. Wednesday 22 and Thursday Free Pick-up from If you want to use the Coach Collection 23 September Free Coach Cardiff Airport Service make sure your flight arrives before 15.00 on Wednesday 22 or There is also a free mini-bus and Collection Service from Thursday 23 September. Please let us taxi service for international students Heathrow know your arrival time and date by from Cardiff Airport on both days Make your arrival to the UK as easy as completing the coach collection form from 1000 – 1700. possible by making use of the FREE coach online . Please let us know your arrival collection service from Heathrow Airport. time and date by completing the coach Coaches are scheduled to pick up from collection form online at: Heathrow 0800 - 1500 on both days. www.cardiff.ac.uk/international/arrive Make your stay at Cardiff rewarding and enjoyable: come and join us in all the induction events arranged for when you first arrive in Cardiff from Friday 24 September – Sunday 3 October.
    [Show full text]
  • Location Guide Accessible from All Parts of Britain
    Routes to Cardiff Cardiff University By Road (£3.00 per person). See Map 2 for “One of the top teaching and experience we believe should be open Cardiff is served by the M4 and is easily location. Car parking in the University research institutions in the UK. to all, encouraging students from the Location Guide accessible from all parts of Britain. From car parks is extremely limited and a It has excellent facilities, often most deprived areas to apply and permit is required. However, there are succeed on Cardiff courses. the south west, take the M5 and from magnificent buildings, great several public car parks located close to When they arrive in Cardiff, our the south of England, follow major social and sporting facilities, 2013 A-roads to the M4. From Scotland, the University, all of which are marked students benefit from a stimulating the north of England and the Midlands, on Map 4. There is also pay and display wrapped up in a vibrant, cultural study environment, research-led travel via the M50 to the M4. car parking available on Park Place and city centre.” teaching and interaction with within the civic centre (along College academics working at the frontiers of Travelling east on the M4 . Leave the Road, City Hall Road, King Edward VII Sunday Times Good University Guide knowledge in their field. motorway at Junction 32, follow the Avenue and Museum Avenue). This Cardiff University is about the freedom As a major higher education provider for A470, sign-posted City Centre. typically costs around £3.50 for two to explore, to learn and to discover.
    [Show full text]
  • Taith Gerdded Treftadaeth Menywod: Aberystwyth Women's Heritage Walk
    Taith Gerdded Treftadaeth Menywod: Aberystwyth Women’s Heritage Walk: Aberystwyth 0 Content / Cynnwys Starting point / man cychwyn: Queen’s Square, opposite town library. This is a flat straight walk on a hard surface along the promenade and through part of the town and should take 1-1½ hours. Man dechrau gyferbyn â llyfrgell y dref. Taith gerdded wastad, syth ar wyneb caled ar hyd y promenâd a rhan o’r dref ac a gymer tua 1-1½ awr yw hon. No / Women remembered / y Menywod a Landmark / Tirnod Rhif goffeir 1. Marguerite Jervis Sgwâr y Frenhines / Queen’s Square 2. Olive Gale Theatr y Coliseum Theatre, Amgueddfa Ceredigion Museum 3. Iris De Freitas Neuadd Alexandra Hall, Rhodfa Fuddug/Victoria Terrace 4. Lily Newton Neuadd Alexandra Hall, Rhodfa Fuddug/Victoria Terrace 5. Mabel Pakenham Walsh Y Prom / The Prom 6. Mary Emerson Thomas and Mary Marles Ysgol Glan Môr y De / Thomas (Adpar) South Beach School 7. Mari Gwendoline Ellis Maes Laura Place 8. Elizabeth Crebar Heol y Wig / Pier Street 9. Cranogwen (Sarah Jane Rees) Stryd y Ffynnon Haearn / Chalybeate Street 10. Iola Gregory Banc Nat West Bank. Gt Darkgate Street/y Stryd Fawr 1 Women’s Heritage Walks / Teithiau Cerdded Treftadaeth Menywod Welcome to Women’s Archive Wales’ Aberystwyth Women’s Heritage Walk. This booklet is one of a series designed to promote an understanding of women’s history in Wales. Women’s history has often been hidden, ignored or neglected. The aim of Women’s Archive Wales is to re-discover the women who have contributed so much to our history and to restore them to their rightful place.
    [Show full text]
  • The Library of Rudolf Steiner: the Books in English Paull, John
    www.ssoar.info The Library of Rudolf Steiner: The Books in English Paull, John Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Paull, J. (2018). The Library of Rudolf Steiner: The Books in English. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 9(3), 21-46. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-59648-1 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY Lizenz (Namensnennung) zur This document is made available under a CC BY Licence Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden (Attribution). For more Information see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de Journal of Social and Development Sciences (ISSN 2221-1152) Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 21-46, September 2018 The Library of Rudolf Steiner: The Books in English John Paull School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: The New Age philosopher, Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925), was the most prolific and arguably the most influential philosopher of his era. He assembled a substantial library, of approximately 9,000 items, which has been preserved intact since his death. Most of Rudolf Steiner’s books are in German, his native language however there are books in other languages, including English, French, Italian, Swedish, Sanskrit and Latin. There are more books in English than in any other foreign language. Steiner esteemed English as “a universal world language”. The present paper identifies 327 books in English in Rudolf Steiner’s personal library.
    [Show full text]
  • 38Ain Gynhadledd Faledi Ryngwladol Caerdydd, Cymru : 28 Gorffennaf – 2 Awst 2008
    38ain Gynhadledd Faledi Ryngwladol Caerdydd, Cymru : 28 Gorffennaf – 2 Awst 2008 38th International Ballad Conference Cardiff, Wales : 28 July – 2 August 2008 Rhaglen y Gynhadledd / Conference Programme LLUN / MONDAY, 28/07/08 15.30–19.30 Arrival and Conference Registration (Registration is in the Coffee Shop, Humanities Building, Colum Drive Campus, Cardiff University) 17.00-19.30 Evening Meal (personal arrangements) 19.30 INTRODUCTION TO CARDIFF by Owen John Thomas (former Member of the National Assembly for Wales) In the Council Chamber, Cardiff University’s Main Building, Cathays Park, followed by a walking tour of the city centre – weather permitting! TUESDAY / MAWRTH, 29/07/08 8.15-9.00 Registration (in the Coffee Shop, Humanities Building, Colum Drive Campus, Cardiff University) 9.00-9.30 OFFICIAL OPENING OF THE CONFERENCE Professor Sioned Davies (Professor of Welsh, Cardiff University) The Right Honourable Rhodri Morgan, AM (First Minister for Wales) Professor Sabine Wienker-Piepho (President, Kommision für Volksdichtung) 9.30-10.30 INAUGURAL LECTURE (Room 2.01 in the Humanities Building) ‘The World of the Welsh Ballad’ by Professor Prys Morgan (President of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion) 10-30-11.00 Refreshments PAPER SESSION 1a (Room 2.01): Chair: David Atkinson 11.00-11.30 Martin Graebe (England) Sabine’s Women: Sabine Baring-Gould and the Collection of Songs by and from Women in Devon and Cornwall 11.30-12.00 Fiona-Jane Brown (Scotland) ‘The Fishermen Hung the Monkey-O’: A Comic Ballad and Its Implications for Cultural
    [Show full text]
  • 929Tutam Ffl. {Tfttgglep, Ranker
    AimWith. Mrs. Emm&lib® P&mkkw§ft~-Tk® "Caft amid Moms® Law" for S^lFffiragcftft®# nun L®midloini w -w ^ -v .- The that effect. About 1005 militant tactics were and horsewhipped them. They have pectins to discover all sorts of weapons double, who came out of the door dressed .'mice.'* government, finding with the of in Mrs. Pankhurst's familiar clothes, forcible could not dampen the The Star publishes an InterTlcwr Mrs. adopted. It is impossible to estimate the thrown petitions of all sorts Into destruction and plans, but they feeding tha Kmniallrt* Pankhnrst. the leader of the London but it be safe to carriage, and in every way possi¬ found practically nothing, as this head¬ which are very distinctive. ardor of these women, decided that It nan secured a damage done, would king's her do would be to al¬ militant snffrHgrttes. hy ape- that the cost would be close on to ble they have tried arouse quarters Is devoted solely to what they The meeting that followed arrest beat thln| they could < In fx»«0<in before her say to/horoughly in lal rtirr»s]H>ndent shortly were to "heir question. term "constitutional" work. From here was dramatic. Miss Anne Kenney, an¬ low them to remain m-tthout food rearrest under the of the "cat and ten millions of dollars. At first they the English people prwrlsiona wakness devoted most of Considering themselves above the law, thousands of pieces of mall are sent other hunger striker, talked for at least prison until the prison doctor declared iiiou*.' law." tMvtnc to ejtreme brought comparatively mild, and it in she was hardly that could stand It no longer, when <>n th!r»t ami hunger strikes In¬ to to they have succeeded in breaking out every day.
    [Show full text]