DOCSLIB.ORG

A Nematode Feeding Mite, Tyrophagus Putrescentiae (Sarcoptiformis : Acaridae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Nematode Feeding Mite, Tyrophagus Putrescentiae (Sarcoptiformis : Acaridae) Acknowledgments classification of Tylenchulus semipenelrans biotypes. J. NemalOl., 12 : 283-287. The author thanks Dr. Pinochet for suggesting this study and Dr. Inserra for useful procedure suggestions. Thanks are LAMBERT!, F., VOVLAS, N. & TIRRO, A (1976). An Italian also given to Mrs. Casanovas for typing this manuscript. biotype of the citrus nematode. Nemalol. medit., 4 : 117-120. MARTINEZ BERINGOLA, M. L., CARCELES, A & GUTIERREZ, M. P. (1987). Ensayos de nematicidas contra el nematodo de References los agrios, Tylenchulus semipenelrans. Boln Sanid. Vegel. BAINES, R. c., CAMERON, ]. W. & SOOST, R. K. (1974). Four Plagas, 13 : 261-271. biotypes of Tylenchulus semipenelrans in Califomia ident­ MCSORLEY, R., PARRADO,]. L. & DANKERs, W. H. (1984). A ified, and their importance in the development of resistant quantitative comparison of sorne methods for the extraction citrus root-stocks. J. NemalOl, 6 : 63-66. of nematodes from roots. Nemalropica, 14 : 72-84. BELLO, A, NAvAs, A., BELART, C. & ALV1RA, P. (1986). Los ORTUNO MARTINEZ, A, GOMEZ GOMEZ, ]. & CANOVAS CAN­ nemalodos de los cilncas. Monografia. Excelentisimo Ayun­ DEL, F. (1969). Poblaciones nematol6gicas fitoparasitas en tamiento de Castellon de la Plana, 222 p. los suelos de la huerta de Murcia. An. Edafol. Agrobiol., 28 : GOTTLIEB, Y., COHN, E. & SPIEGEL-Roy, P. (1986). Biotypes of 389-398. the citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenelrans Cobb) in T ARJAN, A C. (1972). Observations on extracting citrus nema­ Israel. PhylOparasitica, 14 : 193-198. todes, Tylenchulus semipenelrans, from citrus roots. PI. Dis. INsERRA, R. N., VOVLAS, N. & O'BANNON, ]. H. (1980). A Replr, 56 : 186-188. A NEMATODE FEEDING MITE, TYROPHAGUS PUTRESCENTIAE (SARCOPTIFORMIS : ACARIDAE) Anwar L. BILGRAMI * and Qudsia TAHSEEN * • Section of NemalOlogy, Department ofZoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India. Accepted for publication 14 october 1991. Key-words : Tyrophagus, Acaridae, nematodes. There are few reports confirming nematodes as the plastic ring (1 cm high; 2 cm diam.) glued to a coverslip diet of soil mites. Linford and Oliviera (1938) observed at one end, was fixed in the middle of a metallic slide. mites feeding on root knot nematodes. Murphy and The chamber, thus formed, was filled with 1 % water Doncaster (1957) reported injury of Helerodera cysts by agar. The mites and prey nematodes were then inocu­ a mite. The most definite association came from the lated and the ring was sealed with another coverslip to work of Rodriguez el al. (1962) who observed that when prevent air drying and escape of mites. Predation was given equal choice, the adult mite Macrocheles muscae­ observed on Rhabditis sp., Cephalobus sp., Hirschman­ domesticae preferred house fly eggs over nematodes niella oryzae and Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi. The rate while proto- and deutonymph under same conditions of predation by T putrescentiae was determined by using preferred nematodes. An oribatid mite Pergalumna sp., five adult mites against 50 individuals ofprey. The effect fed upon Pelodera lambdiense and Tylenchorhynchus of prey density on the rate of predation by T putrescen­ martini in large numbers (Rocken & Woodring, 1965). tiae was observed by placing 25,50,75, 100, 125, 150, Muraoka and Ishibishi (1976) described feeding by 175 and 200 individuals of H. oryzae separately with five many species of mites which were identified as nema­ predators. The number of individuals killed or con­ tode predators. Recently, Imbriani and Mankau (1983) sumed by the mites was recorded after 24 h. Ali exper­ observed feeding of a neostigmatid mite, Lasioseius iments were carried out at 28 ± 2 "c and replicated five scapulatus on Aphelenchus avenae and Cephalobus sp. times. In the present work observations were made on the predatory behaviour of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Sar­ Predatory behaviour coptiformis : Acridae) using nematodes as prey. T putrescentiae feed on nematodes and other micro­ Materials and methods organisms in culture dishes. During routine observ­ ations the cultures of saprophagous species of nema­ Prey catching and feeding mechanisms were studied todes viz., Acrobeloides, Cephalobus, Rhabditis, Pana­ in culture dishes and special observation chambers. A grellus and predaceous nematodes viz., Mononchus Vol. 15, nO 5 - 1992 477 aqualicus, Mononchoides jorlidens, M. longicaudalus, Table 1. Rate of predation by Tyrophagus putrescentiae upon Dorylaimus stagnalis, Aqualides lhornei were ail found to different prey nematodes. be contaminated and consumed by T. pUlrescenliae. It restricted multiplication and reproduction of nematodes Prey species No. of prey killed in culture dishes and as a result of predation brought down their population at a low level. Rhabdilis sp. 29-33 T. pUlrescemiae could hold its prey using its palp (34 ± 1.6) (used to identify prey organisms and other objects) and Cephalobus sp. 21-27 legs as soon as the prey came in contact. The legs are (24 ± 2.4) generally used for holding and wounding the prey. Hirschmanniella oryzae 28-34 Chelicerae are the main killing and feeding organ, also (30 ± 2.6) used for grasping and crushing the prey. The ingestion Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi 24-31 of prey contents was intermittent (two or three feeding (27 ± 2.5) bouts) with short periods of resting activity at regular intervals. Mites also consumed its own faecal matter while moving randomly generally in absence of prey Table 2. Effect of prey density (Hirschmanniella oryzae)on the nematodes. No cannibalistic tendency was observed in rate of predation by Tyrophagus purrescentiae. T. pUlrescemiae. The nymphal stages of T. pUlrescemiae fed mostly on dead nematodes, their remains or upon Preynumber No. of prey killed % the agar containing bacterial and fungal growth. T. pUlrescemiae killed Rhabditis sp. and H. oryzae most 25 6-14 40 while Cephalobus sp. the least (Table 1). Maximum (10 ± 3.0) predation occurred in the population of 200 prey in­ 50 23-29 52 dividuals which was double the number of prey killed (26 ± 2.0) when 25 individuals of H. oryzae were used as prey 75 39-43 55 (Table 2). (41 ± 1.9) 100 58-62 61 (61 ± 3.0) Conclusions 125 82-88 68 (85 ± 2.8) Observations on T. pUlrescemiae suggest its pre­ 150 108-113 73 daceous nature. These predatory mites appeared to (109 ± 2.3) possess greater predatory potentials mainly because of 175 131-136 76 their ability to kill variety of nematodes in large num­ (133 ± 2.6) bers. T. pUlrescemiae fed most upon Rhabditis sp. and H. 200 158-164 81 oryzae. Besides, mites also consumed bacterial and (161 ± 2.3) fungal populations grown over the agar. Increased predation by T. pUlrescemiae with increasing number of Ali figures are nearesl 10 whole numbers. H. oryzae suggests density dependant predation as is the case with many predaceous nematodes (Bilgrami el al., 1984; 1985; Bilgrami & Jairajpuri, 1990). The copro­ scapulalUs, a neostigmatid mite predaceous on nematodes. J. phagous behaviour of T. pUlrescemiae may be an added NemalOl., 15 : 523-528. advantage as it could avoid intraspecific interactions L1NFORD, M. B. & OUVlERA, ]. M. (1938). Potential agent of (cannibalism). biological control of plant parasitic nematodes. PhylOpatho­ logy, 28 : 14. MURAOKA, M. & ISHIBISHI, N. (1976). Nematode feeding mites References and their feeding behaviour. Appl. Ent. Zool., 11 : 1-7. BILGRAl\1I, A. L. & JAlRAjPURI, M. S. (1990). Predation by MURPHY, P. W. & DONCASTER, C. C. (1957). A culture method lvfononchoides forlidens and M. 10ngicaudalUs (Nematoda : for soil microfauna and its application to the study of Diplogasterida). NemalOlogica, 35 : 475-488. nematode predation. NemalOlogica, 2 : 202-214. BILGRAMI, A. L., AHMAD, 1. & JAlRAjPURI, M. S. (1984). ROCKETT, C. L. & WOODRING, ]. P. (1966). Biological inves­ Observations on the predatory behaviour of Mononchus tigation on a new species of ceratozetes and of Pergalumna. aqualicus. NemalOl. medil., 12 : 41-45. Acarologia, 8 : 14-18. BILGRAMI, A. L., AHMAD, 1. & JAIRAjPURI, M. S. (1985). RODRIGUEZ, T. G., WADE, C. F. & WELLS, C. N. (1962). Predatory behaviour of Aquarides lhornei Nygolaimina : Nematodes as natural food for Macrocheles muscaedomeSli­ Nematoda). NemalOlogica, 30 (1984) : 457-462. cae (Acarina : Macrochelidae) a predator of the house fly IMBRIANI, ]. 1. & MANKAU, R. (1983). Studies on Lasioseius egg. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 55 : 507-511. 478 Fundam. appl. NemalOl..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) on Oribatid and Uropodine Mites: Prey Preferences and Hunting Behaviour
    Eur. J. Entomol. 112(1): 151–164, 2015 doi: 10.14411/eje.2015.023 ISSN 1210­5759 (print), 1802­8829 (online) Feeding of Scydmaenus rufus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) on oribatid and uropodine mites: Prey preferences and hunting behaviour Paweł JAŁOSZYŃSKI 1 and ZIEMOWIT OLSZANOWSKI 2 1 Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae, Scydmaenini, Scydmaenus, Palaearctic, prey preferences, feeding behaviour, Oribatida, Uropodina Abstract. Prey preferences and feeding-related behaviour of a Central European species of Scydmaeninae, Scydmaenus rufus, were studied under laboratory conditions. Results of prey choice experiments involving 22 identified species of mites belonging to 13 families of Oribatida and two families of Mesostigmata (Uropodina) demonstrated that this beetle feeds mostly on oribatid Schelorib­ atidae (60.38% of prey) and Oppiidae (29.75%) and only occasionally on uropodine Urodinychidae (4.42%) and oribatid Mycobatidae (3.39%); species belonging to Trematuridae (Uropodina), Ceratozetidae and Tectocepheidae (Oribatida) were consumed occasionally. The number of mites consumed per beetle per day was 1.42, and when Oppia nitens was the prey, the entire feeding process took 2.93–5.58 h. Observations revealed that mechanisms for overcoming the prey’s defences depended on the body form of the mite. When attacking oribatids, with long and spiny legs, the beetles cut off one or two legs before killing the mite by inserting one mandible into its gnathosomal opening.
    [Show full text]
  • (Musa AAA) As Influenced by Agronomic Factors
    Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn The importance of the antagonistic potential in the management of populations of plant-parasitic nematodes in banana (Musa AAA) as influenced by agronomic factors Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften (Dr. agr.) der Hohen Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich- Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn vorgelegt am 15. Juni 2010 von Anthony Barry Pattison South Johnstone Australia Referent: Prof. Dr. R.A. Sikora Korreferent: Prof. Dr. H. Goldbach Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15 September 2011 Erscheinungsjahr: 2011 Dedication: This work is dedicated to the support given to me by family and friends. Especially to my wife Susan, daughters Katie and Emily for their patience while I completed this work. Also, to the friends I have made along the way, who have helped to make the world a little smaller. Summary Dr.agr. Thesis: A Pattison The importance of the antagonistic potential in the management of populations of plant-parasitic nematodes in banana ( Musa AAA) as influenced by agronomic factors Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major obstacle to sustainable banana production around the world. The use of organic amendments was investigated as one method to stimulate organisms that are antagonistic to plant-parasitic nematodes. Nine different amendments; mill mud, mill ash (by-products from processing sugarcane), biosolids, municipal waste (MW) compost, banana residue, grass hay, legume hay, molasses and calcium silicate (CaSi) were applied in a glasshouse experiment. Significant suppression of Radopholus similis occurred in soils amended with legume hay, grass hay, banana residue and mill mud relative to untreated soil, which increased the nematode community structure index, indicating greater potential for predation.
    [Show full text]
  • Risk of Exposure of a Selected Rural Population in South Poland to Allergenic Mites
    Experimental and Applied Acarology https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-019-00355-7 Risk of exposure of a selected rural population in South Poland to allergenic mites. Part II: acarofauna of farm buildings Krzysztof Solarz1 · Celina Pająk2 Received: 5 September 2018 / Accepted: 27 February 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Exposure to mite allergens, especially from storage and dust mites, has been recognized as a risk factor for sensitization and allergy symptoms that could develop into asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of mites in debris and litter from selected farm buildings of the Małopolskie province, South Poland, with particular refer- ence to allergenic and/or parasitic species as a potential risk factor of diseases among farm- ers. Sixty samples of various materials (organic dust, litter, debris and residues) from farm buildings (cowsheds, barns, chaff-cutter buildings, pigsties and poultry houses) were sub- jected to acarological examination. The samples were collected in Lachowice and Kurów (Suski district, Małopolskie). A total of 16,719 mites were isolated including specimens from the cohort Astigmatina (27 species) which comprised species considered as allergenic (e.g., Acarus siro complex, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Glycy- phagus domesticus, Chortoglyphus arcuatus and Gymnoglyphus longior). Species of the families Acaridae (A. siro, A. farris and A. immobilis), Glycyphagidae (G. domesticus, L. destructor and L. michaeli) and Chortoglyphidae (C. arcuatus) have been found as numeri- cally dominant among astigmatid mites. The majority of mites were found in cowsheds (approx. 32%) and in pigsties (25.9%). The remaining mites were found in barns (19.6%), chaff-cutter buildings (13.9%) and poultry houses (8.8%).
    [Show full text]
  • Tyrophagus (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridae). Fauna of New Zealand 56, 291 Pp
    Fan, Q.-H.; Zhang, Z.-Q. 2007: Tyrophagus (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridae). Fauna of New Zealand 56, 291 pp. INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS ADVISORY GROUP REPRESENTATIVES OF L ANDCARE R ESEARCH Dr D. Choquenot Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Dr T.K. Crosby and Dr R. J. B. Hoare Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF U NIVERSITIES Dr R.M. Emberson Ecology and Entomology Group Soil, Plant, and Ecological Sciences Division P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF M USEUMS Mr R.L. Palma Natural Environment Department Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF O VERSEAS I NSTITUTIONS Dr M. J. Fletcher Director of the Collections NSW Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit Forest Road, Orange NSW 2800, Australia * * * SERIES EDITOR Dr T. K. Crosby Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 56 Tyrophagus (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridae) Qing-Hai Fan Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China [email protected] and Zhi-Qiang Zhang Landcare Research, P rivate Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand [email protected] Manaak i W h e n u a P R E S S Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand 2007 Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2007 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparing the Life Table and Population Projection Of
    agronomy Article Comparing the Life Table and Population Projection of Gaeolaelaps aculeifer and Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) Based on the Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table Theory Jihye Park 1,†, Md Munir Mostafiz 1,† , Hwal-Su Hwang 1 , Duck-Oung Jung 2,3 and Kyeong-Yeoll Lee 1,2,3,4,* 1 Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; [email protected] (J.P.); munirmostafi[email protected] (M.M.M.); [email protected] (H.-S.H.) 2 Sustainable Agriculture Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Gunwi 39061, Korea; [email protected] 3 Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea 4 Quantum-Bio Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Gunwi 39061, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-53-950-5759 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Predatory soil-dwelling mites, Gaeolaelaps aculeifer (Canestrini) and Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae), are essential biocontrol agents of small soil arthropod pests. To understand the population characteristics of these two predatory mites, we investigated their development, survival, and fecundity under laboratory conditions. We used Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) as a food source and analyzed the data using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The duration from egg to adult for G. aculeifer was longer than that for S. scimitus, but larval duration was similar Citation: Park, J.; Mostafiz, M.M.; between the two species. Notably, G. aculeifer laid 74.88 eggs/female in 24.50 days, but S. scimitus Hwang, H.-S.; Jung, D.-O.; Lee, K.-Y. Comparing the Life Table and laid 28.46 eggs/female in 19.1 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Nematodes and Agriculture in Continental Argentina
    Fundam. appl. NemalOl., 1997.20 (6), 521-539 Forum article NEMATODES AND AGRICULTURE IN CONTINENTAL ARGENTINA. AN OVERVIEW Marcelo E. DOUCET and Marîa M.A. DE DOUCET Laboratorio de Nematologia, Centra de Zoologia Aplicada, Fant/tad de Cien.cias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Casilla df Correo 122, 5000 C6rdoba, Argentina. Acceplecl for publication 5 November 1996. Summary - In Argentina, soil nematodes constitute a diverse group of invertebrates. This widely distributed group incJudes more than twO hundred currently valid species, among which the plant-parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes are the most remarkable. The former includes species that cause damages to certain crops (mainly MeloicU:igyne spp, Nacobbus aberrans, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, and Xiphinema index), the latter inc1udes various species of the Mermithidae family, and also the genera Steinernema and Helerorhabditis. There are few full-time nematologists in the country, and they work on taxonomy, distribution, host-parasite relationships, control, and different aspects of the biology of the major species. Due tO the importance of these organisms and the scarcity of information existing in Argentina about them, nematology can be considered a promising field for basic and applied research. Résumé - Les nématodes et l'agriculture en Argentine. Un aperçu général - Les nématodes du sol représentent en Argentine un groupe très diversifiè. Ayant une vaste répartition géographique, il comprend actuellement plus de deux cents espèces, celles parasitant les plantes et les insectes étant considèrées comme les plus importantes. Les espèces du genre Me/oi­ dogyne, ainsi que Nacobbus aberrans, Dùylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans et Xiphinema index représentent un réel danger pour certaines cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • ENTO-364 (Introducto
    K. K. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, NASHIK DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY THEORY NOTES Course No.:- ENTO-364 Course Title: - Introductory Nematology Credits: - 2 (1+1) Compiled By Prof. T. B. Ugale & Prof. A. S. Mochi Assistant Professor Department of Agricultural Entomology 0 Complied by Prof. T. B. Ugale & Prof. A. S. Mochi (K. K. Wagh College of Agriculture, Nashik) TEACHING SCHEDULE Semester : VI Course No. : ENTO-364 Course Title : Introductory Nematology Credits : 2(1+1) Lecture Topics Rating No. 1 Introduction- History of phytonematology and economic 4 importance. 2 General characteristics of plant parasitic nematodes. 2 3 Nematode- General morphology and biology. 4 4 Classification of nematode up to family level with 4 emphasis on group of containing economical importance genera (Taxonomic). 5 Classification of nematode by habitat. 2 6 Identification of economically important plant nematodes 4 up to generic level with the help of key and description. 7 Symptoms caused by nematodes with examples. 4 8 Interaction of nematodes with microorganism 4 9 Different methods of nematode management. 4 10 Cultural methods 4 11 Physical methods 2 12 Biological methods 4 13 Chemical methods 2 14 Entomophilic nematodes- Species Biology 2 15 Mode of action 2 16 Mass production techniques for EPN 2 Reference Books: 1) A Text Book of Plant Nematology – K. D. Upadhay & Kusum Dwivedi, Aman Publishing House 2) Fundamentals of Plant Nematology – E. J. Jonathan, S. Kumar, K. Deviranjan, G. Rajendran, Devi Publications, 8, Couvery Nagar, Karumanolapam, Trichirappalli, 620 001. 3) Plant Nematodes - Methodology, Morphology, Systematics, Biology & Ecology Majeebur Rahman Khan, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
    [Show full text]
  • "Structure, Function and Evolution of the Nematode Genome"
    Structure, Function and Advanced article Evolution of The Article Contents . Introduction Nematode Genome . Main Text Online posting date: 15th February 2013 Christian Ro¨delsperger, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany Adrian Streit, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany Ralf J Sommer, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany In the past few years, an increasing number of draft gen- numerous variations. In some instances, multiple alter- ome sequences of multiple free-living and parasitic native forms for particular developmental stages exist, nematodes have been published. Although nematode most notably dauer juveniles, an alternative third juvenile genomes vary in size within an order of magnitude, com- stage capable of surviving long periods of starvation and other adverse conditions. Some or all stages can be para- pared with mammalian genomes, they are all very small. sitic (Anderson, 2000; Community; Eckert et al., 2005; Nevertheless, nematodes possess only marginally fewer Riddle et al., 1997). The minimal generation times and the genes than mammals do. Nematode genomes are very life expectancies vary greatly among nematodes and range compact and therefore form a highly attractive system for from a few days to several years. comparative studies of genome structure and evolution. Among the nematodes, numerous parasites of plants and Strikingly, approximately one-third of the genes in every animals, including man are of great medical and economic sequenced nematode genome has no recognisable importance (Lee, 2002). From phylogenetic analyses, it can homologues outside their genus. One observes high rates be concluded that parasitic life styles evolved at least seven of gene losses and gains, among them numerous examples times independently within the nematodes (four times with of gene acquisition by horizontal gene transfer.
    [Show full text]
  • PCR-RFLP and Sequencing Analysis of Ribosomal DNA of Bursaphelenchus Nematodes Related to Pine Wilt Disease(L)
    Fundam. appl. Nemalol., 1998,21 (6), 655-666 PCR-RFLP and sequencing analysis of ribosomal DNA of Bursaphelenchus nematodes related to pine wilt disease(l) Hideaki IvVAHORI, Kaku TSUDA, Natsumi KANZAKl, Katsura IZUI and Kazuyoshi FUTAI Cmduate School ofAgriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. Accepted for publication 23 December 1997. Summary -A polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was used for the discri­ mination of isolates of Bursaphelenchus nematode. The isolares of B. xylophilus examined originared from Japan, the United Stares, China, and Canada and the B. mucronatus isolates from Japan, China, and France. Ribosomal DNA containing the 5.8S gene, the internai transcribed spacer region 1 and 2, and partial regions of 18S and 28S gene were amplified by PCR. Digestion of the amplified products of each nematode isolate with twelve restriction endonucleases and examination of resulting RFLP data by cluster analysis revealed a significant gap between B. xylophllus and B. mucronatus. Among the B. xylophilus isolares examined, Japanese pathogenic, Chinese and US isolates were ail identical, whereas Japanese non-pathogenic isolares were slightly distinct and Canadian isolates formed a separate cluster. Among the B. mucronalUS isolates, two Japanese isolares were very similar to each other and another Japanèse and one Chinese isolare were identical to each other. The DNA sequence data revealed 98 differences (nucleotide substitutions or gaps) in 884 bp investigated between B. xylophilus isolare and B. mucronmus isolate; DNA sequence data of Aphelenchus avenae and Aphelenchoides fragariae differed not only from those of Bursaphelenchus nematodes, but also from each other.
    [Show full text]
  • Diverse Mite Family Acaridae
    Disentangling Species Boundaries and the Evolution of Habitat Specialization for the Ecologically Diverse Mite Family Acaridae by Pamela Murillo-Rojas A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ecology and Evolutionary Biology) in the University of Michigan 2019 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Thomas F. Duda Jr, Chair Assistant Professor Alison R. Davis-Rabosky Associate Professor Johannes Foufopoulos Professor Emeritus Barry M. OConnor Pamela Murillo-Rojas [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7823-7302 © Pamela Murillo-Rojas 2019 Dedication To my husband Juan M. for his support since day one, for leaving all his life behind to join me in this journey and because you always believed in me ii Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to say thanks to the University of Michigan, the Rackham Graduate School and mostly to the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology for all their support during all these years. To all the funding sources of the University of Michigan that made possible to complete this dissertation and let me take part of different scientific congresses through Block Grants, Rackham Graduate Student Research Grants, Rackham International Research Award (RIRA), Rackham One Term Fellowship and the Hinsdale-Walker scholarship. I also want to thank Fulbright- LASPAU fellowship, the University of Costa Rica (OAICE-08-CAB-147-2013), and Consejo Nacional para Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICIT-Costa Rica, FI- 0161-13) for all the financial support. I would like to thank, all specialists that help me with the identification of some hosts for the mites: Brett Ratcliffe at the University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, NE, identified the dynastine scarabs.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Behavior of the Mite Cheletomorpha Lepidopterorum (Shaw) (Prostigmata:Cheyletidae) and Its Role As a Predator of a Grain Mite Acarus Farris (Oud
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF JAMES ROGER ALLISONfor the DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Name (Degree) in ENTOMOLOGY presented on41a21712Ajd2W;) /2.'7/ (Major) (Date) Title: BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF THE MITECHELETOMORPHA LEPIDOPTERORUM (SHAW) (PROSTIGMATA:CHEYLETIDAE) AND ITS ROLE AS A PREDATOR OF A GRAIN MITEACARUS FARRIS (OUD. )(ASTIGIV&TIAaR. Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: /7J //I G.- W. Krantz Cheletomorpha lepidopterorum (Shaw), a predaceous, prostig- matid mite, was studied under laboratory conditions of20° - 30° C and 80% - 90% R. H. to determine its effectiveness as apossible biological control agent of Acarus farris (Oud. ),a graminivorous mite which infests stored grains and grain products.Although Cheletophyes knowltoni Beer and Dailey had been synonymized with C. lepidopterorum, it was found that the latter couldbe differentiated from C. knowltoni on the basis of biological, morphological,and behavioral data obtained from four species "populations"(Kansas, Oregon, California, and World-Wide). A temperature range of 20° - 25° C and relative humidities of 80% - 90% created conditions ideally suited to the rearing 'of C. lepidopterorum.Egg survival under optimal temperature and humidity regimes exceeded75%. Mated females laid more eggs than unmatedfemales at optimal environmental conditions. Development time from egg to adult ranged from alow of 192 hours for a single male at 30° C, 90% R. H. ,to 420 hours for a male at 20° C, 90% R. H.The second nymphal stage sometimes was omitted in the male ontogeny. Mated females produced male and female progeny,while unmated females produced a higher percentage ofmales. Starved C. lepidopterorum females survivedlongest at 20° C, 80% R. H. -- 31.
    [Show full text]
  • Alteration of Microflora of the Facultative Parasitic Nematode Pristionchus Entomophagus and Its Potential Application As a Biological Control Agent
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2013 Alteration of Microflora of the Facultative Parasitic Nematode Pristionchus Entomophagus and its Potential Application as a Biological Control Agent Amy M. Michaud University of Maine - Main Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Parasitology Commons Recommended Citation Michaud, Amy M., "Alteration of Microflora of the Facultative Parasitic Nematode Pristionchus Entomophagus and its Potential Application as a Biological Control Agent" (2013). Honors College. 134. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/134 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ALTERATION OF MICROFLORA OF THE FACULTATIVE PARASITIC NEMATODE PRISTIONCHUS ENTOMOPHAGUS AND ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATION AS A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT by Amy M. Michaud A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree with Honors (Biology) The Honors College University of Maine May 2013 Advisory Committee: Dr. Eleanor Groden, Professor of Entomology, Advisor Dr. Dave Lambert, Associate Professor of Plant Pathology Elissa Ballman, Research Associate in Invasive Species and Entomology Dr. Francois Amar, Associate Professor of Physical Chemistry Dr. John Singer, Professor of Microbiology Abstract: Pristionchus entomophagus is a microbivorous, facultative, parasitic nematode commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter in North America and Europe. This nematode can form an alternative juvenile life stage capable of infecting an insect host. The microflora of P.
    [Show full text]