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Butterflies of Vidarbha Region, Maharashtra State, Central India

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Butterflies of Vidarbha Region, Maharashtra State, Central India JoTT NOTE 3(1): 1469-1477 Butterflies of Vidarbha region, the Deccan Plateau. Unlike the Maharashtra State, central India Western Ghats, there are no major hilly areas. The Satpura range lies Ashish D. Tiple to the north of Vidarbha in Madhya Pradesh. The Melghat area of Amravati District is the Department of Zoology, Entomology Division, RTM Nagpur University Campus, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India southern offshoot of the Satpura range. Wainganga Forest Entomology Division, Tropical Forest Research Institute, is the largest of all the Vidarbha rivers. Other major Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482021, India Email: [email protected] rivers that drain the Vidarbha region are the Wardha and Kanhan rivers which are all tributaries of the Godavari River. To the north, five small rivers, namely Khandu, The Indian sub-region hosts about 1,504 species Khapra, Sipna, Gadga and Dolar along with Purna, are of butterflies (Gaonkar 1996; Smetacek 1992; Kunte the tributaries of the Tapti River. 2009; Roy et al. 2010) of which peninsular India hosts From the administrative point of view, Vidarbha 351, and the Western Ghats 334. In central India, comprises 11 districts namely, Amravati, Akola, the butterfly diversity reported by D’Abreau (1931) Bhandara, Buldhana, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Gondia, totalled 177 species occurring in the erstwhile Central Nagpur, Wardha, Washim and Yavatmal. Provinces (now Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh & Forest type: The forests are well distributed over Vidarbha). all the agro-climatic zones. The forest types found Vidarbha is the eastern region of Maharashtra State in the area are classified as sub-tropical hill forests, covering Nagpur division and Amravati division. It tropical moist deciduous forests, tropical dry deciduous occupies 31.6% of the total area of Maharashtra. It forests and lush green deciduous forests (Champion & borders the state of Madhya Pradesh to the north, Seth 1968), which are home to a variety of flora and Chhattisgarh to the east, the Telangana region of Andhra fauna. All Maharashtra’s tiger reserves are located in Pradesh to the south and Marathwada and Khandesh Vidarbha. They are Melghat Tiger Reserve in Amravati regions of Maharashtra to the west. No published District, Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve in Chandrapur checklist of butterfly species of Vidarbha region is District and Pench Tiger Reserve in Nagpur District. known, hence, the present work was initiated. Climatic conditions: Vidarbha has three main Habitats: Vidarbha lies on the northern part of seasons: the wet Monsoon and post-Monsoon season from June to October, the cool dry winter from October to March and the hot dry season from April Date of publication (online): 26 January 2011 Date of publication (print): 26 January 2011 till the onset of rains. The temperature of Vidarbha ISSN 0974-7907 (online) | 0974-7893 (print) ranges from a minimum of 12-250C to a maximum of Editor: Peter Smetacek 30-48°C with relative humidity varying from 10-15% Manuscript details: to 60-95%. Annual precipitation is 1700mm 90% of Ms # o2397 the precipitation falls in four months, i.e. from June to Received 29 January 2010 Final received 30 July 2010 September (Tiple 2009). Finally accepted 24 November 2010 History of butterfly surveys in Central India: Citation: Tiple, A.D. (2011). Butterflies of Vidarbha region, Maharashtra In central India, the butterfly diversity was reported State, central India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(1): 1469-1477. earlier by Forsayeth (1884), Swinhoe (1886), Betham Copyright: © Ashish D. Tiple 2011. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any (1890, 1891), and Witt (1909). Subsequent works medium for non-profit purposes, reproduction and distribution by providing include several species from Madhya Pradesh and adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Chhattisgarh (Evans 1932; Talbot 1939, 1947; Acknowledgements: Thanks to Prof. A.M. Khurad, Head, Department of Zoology; RTM Nagpur University and Dr. Nitin Kulkarni, Scientist F, Wynter-Blyth 1957). D’Abreau (1931) documented a Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur for their comments on an total of 177 species occurring in the erstwhile central earlier draft and kind encouragement. I thank Dr. R.M. Sharma, Central Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur for literature and provinces including Pachmari, Pench and Seoni, critical suggestions from time to time. Nimar, Hoshangabad, Jabalpur, Burahanpur, Raipur, OPEN ACCESS | FREE DOWNLOAD Bastar, Chanda and Nagpur districts (now Madhya Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | January 2011 | 3(1): 1466-1474 1469 Butterflies of Vidarbha region A.D. Tiple Pradesh and Vidarbha). In addition to this, D’Abreau species of butterflies recorded at eight study sites, of (1931) provided a special list of 92 butterfly species which 62 species were new records for Nagpur City. from Nagpur city. In the recent past, several workers The highest number of butterflies recorded belonged have studied butterflies from urban, rural and protected to the family Nymphalidae (51 species) with 17 new areas of Vidarbha. records, followed by Lycaenidae (46 species) with 29 Pandharipande (1990) in his preliminary studies new records, Hesperiidae (22 species) with 14 new listed only 61 butterfly species in Nagpur City, records, Pieridae (17 species) with four new records representing eight families. A total of 48 species of and Papilionidae (9 species). butterflies were recorded belonging to 35 genera from The compilation of all these studies in Vidarbha Lonar Crater Lake, Buldhana District (Palot & Soniya region and stray records resulted in the enumeration 2003); 45 butterflies and 54 moths were reported from of 167 species of butterflies belonging to 90 genera Pench Tiger Reserve (Maharashtra) by Singh (2004); representing five families and is given in Table 1. The 65 species belonging to 52 genera representing seven highest number of butterflies recorded belonged to the families from Pench Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra Nymphalidae (50 species), followed by Lycaenidae (47 (Sharma & Radhakrishnan 2004); 45 species belonging species), Hesperiidae (34 species), Pieridae (23species) to 36 genera representing eight families from Melghat and Papilionidae (13 species). All scientific names Tiger Reserve (Sharma & Radhakrishnan 2005); follow reports by Varshney (1983); Kunte (2000) and 43 species of butterflies of 29 genera from the Tiger common English names are after Wynter-Blyth (1957). Reserve in Tadoba National Park, Maharashtra (Rai et Continuous exploration in Vidarbha region could add al. 2006); 68 species of butterflies of 50 genera were many more new records for the region. recorded from Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve (Sharma Among the 167 butterflies recorded from Vidarbha & Radhakrishnan 2006); 53 species belonging to region, 14 species come under the protected category 36 genera representing seven families from Lonar of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Wildlife Sanctuary, Buldhana District (Sharma Among them Pachliopta hector and Hypolimnas 2008); 53 species of butterflies were recorded from misippus come under Schedule I of the Act. The Pohara Malkhed Reserve Forest, Amravati District by species recorded which come under Schedule II are Kasambe & Wadatkar (2004); 52 species of butterflies Hypolimnas misippus, Eurema andersonii, Appias belonging to five families (22 species to Nymphalidae, albina, Tanaecia lepidea, Spindasis elima, Melanitis 12 to Lycaenidae, 10 to Pieridae, 5 to Papilionidae and zitenius, Euchrysops cnejus, Ionolyce helicon and 3 species to Hesperiidae) were reported from Amravati Lampides boeticus. The species recorded which University Campus, Maharashtra (Tiple et al. 2006, come under Schedule IV are Appias libythea, Tarucus 2007); 51 butterfly species were recorded belonging ananda, Baoris farri, Euploea core (Kunte 2000; to seven families from Melghat Tiger Reserve, Gupta & Mondal 2005). Maharashtra (Chandrakar et al. 2007); 101 species of Interestingly, some butterflies (Graphium butterflies of eight families and 19 subfamilies were antiphates, Papilio crino, Ypthima avanta, Everes recorded (22 species of Nymphalidae, 6 of Danaidae, argiades and Hasora chabrona) which were recorded 10 of Satyridae, 23 of Lycaenidae, 1 of Riodinidae, earlier by D’Abreau (1931) from Vidarbha (Nagpur 16 of Pieridae, 9 of Papilionidae, and 14 species of city) were not seen in recent years. The probable causes Hesperiidae) from Melghat Tiger Reserve (Wadatkar of this could be the loss of habitats by ever expanding & Kasambe 2009); 103 species of butterflies belonging urbanization along with the broader climatic changes to eight families and 19 subfamilies were recorded (Tiple et al. 2007). During the last decade, the city from Melghat Tiger Reserve (Wadatkar 2008); and has expanded twice in its circumference causing loss 98 species of butterflies belonging to Papilionidae of natural habitats of butterflies. Urban development (06 species), Pieridae (14 species), Nymphalidae (39 is expected to have a deleterious impact on butterfly species), Lycaenidae (24 species) and Hesperiidae (15 populations, if only because the construction of species) in reserve forest area, Seminary Hill, Nagpur buildings and concrete replaces or reduces the area city (Tiple & Khurad 2009b). of natural and semi-natural habitats. The quality of Recently, Tiple & Khurad (2009a) reported 145 residual habitats may also be adversely affected by 1470 Journal
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