The Spread of Sanskrit* (Published In: from Turfan to Ajanta
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Vaishvanara Vidya.Pdf
VVAAIISSHHVVAANNAARRAA VVIIDDYYAA by Swami Krishnananda The Divine Life Society Sivananda Ashram, Rishikesh, India (Internet Edition: For free distribution only) Website: www.swami-krishnananda.org CONTENTS Publishers’ Note 3 I. The Panchagni Vidya 4 The Course Of The Soul After Death 5 II. Vaishvanara, The Universal Self 26 The Heaven As The Head Of The Universal Self 28 The Sun As The Eye Of The Universal Self 29 Air As The Breath Of The Universal Self 30 Space As The Body Of The Universal Self 30 Water As The Lower Belly Of The Universal Self 31 The Earth As The Feet Of The Universal Self 31 III. The Self As The Universal Whole 32 Prana 35 Vyana 35 Apana 36 Samana 36 Udana 36 The Need For Knowledge Is Stressed 37 IV. Conclusion 39 Vaishvanara Vidya Vidya by by Swami Swami Krishnananda Krishnananda 21 PUBLISHERS’ NOTE The Vaishvanara Vidya is the famous doctrine of the Cosmic Meditation described in the Fifth Chapter of the Chhandogya Upanishad. It is proceeded by an enunciation of another process of meditation known as the Panchagni Vidya. Though the two sections form independent themes and one can be studied and practised without reference to the other, it is in fact held by exponents of the Upanishads that the Vaishvanara Vidya is the panacea prescribed for the ills of life consequent upon the transmigratory process to which individuals are subject, a theme which is the central point that issues from a consideration of the Panchagni Vidya. This work consists of the lectures delivered by the author on this subject, and herein are reproduced these expositions dilating upon the two doctrines mentioned. -
Indian Hieroglyphs
Indian hieroglyphs Indus script corpora, archaeo-metallurgy and Meluhha (Mleccha) Jules Bloch’s work on formation of the Marathi language (Bloch, Jules. 2008, Formation of the Marathi Language. (Reprint, Translation from French), New Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN: 978-8120823228) has to be expanded further to provide for a study of evolution and formation of Indian languages in the Indian language union (sprachbund). The paper analyses the stages in the evolution of early writing systems which began with the evolution of counting in the ancient Near East. Providing an example from the Indian Hieroglyphs used in Indus Script as a writing system, a stage anterior to the stage of syllabic representation of sounds of a language, is identified. Unique geometric shapes required for tokens to categorize objects became too large to handle to abstract hundreds of categories of goods and metallurgical processes during the production of bronze-age goods. In such a situation, it became necessary to use glyphs which could distinctly identify, orthographically, specific descriptions of or cataloging of ores, alloys, and metallurgical processes. About 3500 BCE, Indus script as a writing system was developed to use hieroglyphs to represent the ‘spoken words’ identifying each of the goods and processes. A rebus method of representing similar sounding words of the lingua franca of the artisans was used in Indus script. This method is recognized and consistently applied for the lingua franca of the Indian sprachbund. That the ancient languages of India, constituted a sprachbund (or language union) is now recognized by many linguists. The sprachbund area is proximate to the area where most of the Indus script inscriptions were discovered, as documented in the corpora. -
Zamindari System in Telugu Pdf
Zamindari system in telugu pdf Continue Indian hereditary aristocrat For other uses, see zamindar (disambigation). Sir Nawab Hwaja Salimullah was a zamindar with the title of Nawab. His family's land in Bengal was one of the largest and richest in British India. In the Indian subcontinent, the Indian subcontinent was an autonomous or semi-autonomous ruler of the state who accepted the suzerainism of the Emperor of Hindustan. The term means the owner of the land in Persian. As a rule, hereditary, zamindars held huge tracts of land and control over their peasants, from which they reserved the right to collect taxes on behalf of imperial courts or for military purposes. In the 19th and 20th centuries, with the advent of British imperialism, many rich and influential zamindars were awarded princely and royal titles such as Maharaja (Great King), Raja/Paradise (King) and Navab. In the days of the Mughal Empire, the zamindars belonged to the nobility and formed the ruling class. Under British colonial rule in India, the permanent settlement consolidated such a well-known system of zamindari. The British awarded the supporting zamindars, recognizing them as princes. Many of the princely state of the region were pre-colonial zamindars, erected in more protocol. However, the British also reduced the land holdings of many pre-colonial princely states and chiefs, lowered their status to the zamindar from the formerly higher ranks of the nobility. The system was abolished during land reforms in East Pakistan (Bangladesh) in 1950, India in 1951 and West Pakistan in 1959. The zamindars often played an important role in the regional history of the subcontinent. -
Functional Translation
Certificate in Translation (CIT) CIT-02 Functional Translation Block 2 Functional Translation in Practice Unit-08: Using Dictionary and Thesaurus in Translation Unit-09: Translation of Registers and Technical Terms EXPERT COMMITTEE Chairman Members Prof. Jatin Nayak Dr. Abhilash Nayak Shri Bimal Prasad Professor in English Regional Director Research and Support Services Utkal University IGNOU Regional Centre Eastern Media Bhubaneswar, Odisha Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar, Odisha Convener Dr. Sambhu Dayal Agrawal Shri Das Benhur Dr. Sangram Jena Consultant (Academic) in CIT Retired Principal Dy. Director Odisha State Open University SCS College, Puri Department of Revenue Sambalpur, Odisha Government of Odisha CERTIFICATE IN TRANSLATION Course Writer Dr. Sambhu Dayal Agrawal Welcome Note Dear Student, Hope you are comfortable learning translation from English to Odia. We are trying to guide you through such information and practice that will enable you provide good translation . I am very happy to offer you this new boo k that contains two very interesting units . Have you seen small children playing word game using dictionaries? This increases their vocabulary while enjoying using it. However, Unit-08 will educate you about the various features of Dictionaries and Thesauri. If you try to go deep into using these two most reliable resources, your job of translation will become easy. Unit-09 deals with a very interesting aspect of any language that we are well -versed already, but we never take cognizance of its technicality or inner beauty. We speak differently with d ifferent people at different places and occasions. These various types of our speech are technically known as ‘Register’ in linguistics. -
Support Matarial Sociology Class-Xii 2016-17
SUPPORT MATARIAL SOCIOLOGY CLASS-XII 2016-17 Dr.Renu Bhatia S.K.V. Moti Bagh-I, New Delhi Principal and Group Leader Mr. A.M. Amir Ansari S.B.M. Sr. Sec. School (Govt. Sr. Lecture Sociology Aided) Shivaji Marg, N. Delhi-15 Ms. Sheema Banerjee Laxman Public School, Lecture Sociology Hauzkhas, New Delhi Mr. Zafar Hussain Anglo-Aravic, Sr. Sec. School Lecture Sociology Ajmeri Gate, Delhi Ms. Renu Shokeen Govt. Co-Ed., Sr. Sec. School PGT-Sociology Kanganheri, Delhi Ms. Anuradha Khanna Banyan Tree School, PGT-Sociology Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 Ms. Archana Arora SKV, A-Block, Jhangir Puri PGT-Sociology SOCIOLOGY (CODE NO.039) CLASS XII (2015-16) One Paper Theroy Marks 80 Unitwise Weightage 3 hours Units Periods Marks A Indian Society 1. Introducing Indian Society 10 32 2. Demographic Structure and Indain Society 10 Chapter-1 3. Social Institutions-Continuity and Change 12 and 4. Market as a Social Institution. 10 Chapter 7 5. Pattern of social Inequality and Exclusion 20 are non- 6. Challenges of Cultural Diversity 16 evaluative 7. Suggestions for Project Work 16 B Change and Developmentin Indian Society 8. Structural Change 10 9. Cultural Chage 12 10. The Story of Democaracy 18 Class XII - Sociology 2 11. Change and Development in Rural Society 10 48 12. Change and Development in industrial Society14 13. Globalization and Social Change 10 14. Mass Media and Communication 14 15. Social Movements 18 200 48 3 Class XII - Sociology BOOK I CHAPTER 2 THE DEMOGRAPCHIC STRUCTURE OF THE INDIAN SOCIETY KEY POINTS 1. Demography Demography, a systematic study of population, is a Greek term derived form two words, ‘demos’ (people) and graphein (describe) description of people. -
Bulletin of the Indus Research Centre
Bulletin of the Indus Research Centre ROJA MUTHIAH RESEARCH LIBRARY No. 3 | December 2012 BULLETIN OF THE INDUS RESEARCH CENTRE No. 3, December 2012 Indus Research Centre Roja Muthiah Research Library Chennai, India The ‘High-West: Low-East’ Dichotomy of Indus Cities: A Dravidian Paradigm R. Balakrishnan Indus Research Centre Roja Muthiah Research Library © Indus Research Centre, Roja Muthiah Research Library, December 2012 Acknowledgements I thankfully acknowledge the assistance given by Subhadarshi Mishra, Ashok Dakua and Abhas Supakar of SPARC Bhubaneswar, Lazar Arockiasamy, Senior Geographer, DCO Chennai, in GIS related works. Title page illustration: Indus Seal (Marshal. 338) (Courtesy: Corpus of Indus Seals and Inscriptions, Vol.1) C O N T E N T S Abstract 01 Introduction 02 Part 1 Dichotomous Layouts of the Indus Cities 05 Part II The ‘High-West: Low-East’ Framework in Dravidian Languages 18 Part III Derivational History of Terms for Cardinal Directions in Indo- 30 European Languages Part IV Human Geographies: Where ‘High’ is ‘West’ and ‘Low’ is ‘East’ 34 Part V The Toponomy of Hill Settlements 37 Part VI The Toponomy of ‘Fort’ Settlements 44 Part VII The Comparative Frameworks of Indus, Dravidian and Indo- 46 Aryan Part VIII The Lingering Legacy 49 Part IX Conclusions 53 Note on GIS 54 Annexure I 55 Annexure II 58 Annexure III 66 References 67 A b b r e v i a t i o n s General DEMS = Direction-Elevation-Material-Social; GIS = Geographical Information System; Lat./ N = Latitude/North; Long./ E = Longitude/East; MSL = Mean Sea Level Languages Ass = Assamese; Beng = Bengali; Br = Brahui; Ga = Gadaba; Go = Gondi; Guj = Gujarati; H = Hindi; Ka = Kannada; Kas = Kashmiri; Ko = Kota; Kod = Kodagu; Kol = Kolami; Kur = Kuruk; Ma = Malayalam; Mar = Marathi; Or = Oriya; Pa = Parji; Panj = Punjabi; Pkt = Prakrit; Sgh = Singhalese; Skt = Sanskrit; Ta. -
Chandogya Upanishad 1.2.1: Once Upon a Time the Gods and the Demons, Both Descendants of Prajapati, Were Engaged in a Fight
A Preview “… Dr. Prasad’s collections of the two largest and most difficult to understand Upanishads make an in-road and gives access to the magnificent conclusions left by the ancient sages of India. This book gives us a view of the information which was divulged by those teachers. It is easy to read and understand and will encourage you to delve deeper into the subject matter.” CONTENTS 1. Chāndogya Upanishad……..…….…. 3 1. The big famine…………………………….…..... 6 2. The cart-man…………………………….………13 3 Satyakama Jabala and Sevā………………… 14 4. Fire teaches Upakosala…………….………… 15 Chāndogya 5. Svetaketu: five questions……………………. 18 and 6. Svetaketu: nature of sleep…………………... 22 7. That thou art, O Svetaketu………………….…23 Brihadāranyaka 8. Indra and virochana……………………….….. 29 Commentary…………………………...……..... 31 Upanishads End of Commenrary……………………....….. 55 Two large and difficult Upanishads are presented 2. Brihadāranyaka Upanishad …….…56 (without original Sanskrit verses) in simple modern English for those advanced students who have 9. Dialogue: Ajtsatru-Gargya……………...…. 61 read Bhagavad-Gita and other 9 Principal 10. Yajnavalkya and maitreyi ……………....…..63 Upanishads. Simpler important verses are 11. Meditation taught through horse’s head.. 65 12. Yajnavalkya: The best Vedic Scholar…… 66 printed in underlined-bold; comm- 13. Three ‘Da’ …………………………….…….…78 entaries from translators, references&Glossary. Commentary…………………………….……... 84 14. Each soul is dear to the other………...……90 By 15. The Wisdom of the Wise (Yagnavalkya)… 91 16. Gargi and the Imperishable ……………..…94 Swami Swahananda 17. Janaka and Yajnavalkya 1 ……………..…..95 and 18. Janaka and Yajnavalkya 2 …………..……..97 Swami Madhavananda et al. 19. The Process of Reincarnation…… …..… 100 Editor: Ramananda Prasad End of Commenrary …………….…..……….105 A Brief Sanskrit Glossary On page 844 of 908 of the pdf: www.gita-society.com/108Upanishads.pdf INTERNATIONAL GITA ***** Editor’s note: Most of the materials in this book are SOCIETY taken from the above webpage which does not have a Copyright mark. -
A Discourse on the Religious Practices of the Rabha Community of West Bengal, India
International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 8 Issue 7, July 2018, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell‟s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A A DISCOURSE ON THE RELIGIOUS PRACTICES OF THE RABHA COMMUNITY OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA Arpita Sarkar* Dr. Tapas Mistri** Abstract Religion becomes the important part of the human society since the dawn of the civilization. The Rabha is a scheduled tribe community belonging to the Indo-Mongoloid group of people. In West Bengal, they mainly settled in Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar and Cooch Behar district. The Rabha community has magnificent traditional beliefs and social practices. With selected structured questionnaire, field survey and interactions with the inhabitants of the community the present study partakes to understand the actual form and position of the religion along with the transition and trends of changes in religion of the Rabha community in the segregated parts of the west Bengal. It is observed that their traditional religious philosophy is mainly based on Animism. But the influence of Hinduism and Christianity has a far reaching impact on the religious tradition and structure of the Rabhas. Besides the Rabha society have also constantly changes in the process of Hinduism, Sanskritisation and Christianization (Singha, 2004). These changing trends have effects on their socio-cultural, economic, political life, social institution etc. -
SYLLABUS with Effect from 2016-17
VIJAYANAGARA SRI KRISHNADEVARAYA UNIVERSITY, BALLARI SYLLABUS Department of Studies in Sociology MASTER OF ARTS (I to IV Semester) Choice Based Credit System With effect from 2016-17 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Credits Matrix for MA Sociology Program: M.A. SOCIOLOGY: SEMESTER-I MASO 1.1- : Classical Sociology<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<... MASO H1.2 - : Sociology of Change and Development MASO H1.3 - : <<<Development<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<..Perspectives on Indian Society MASO H1.4 - : <<<<<<<<<<<<............Sociology of Education<<<<<<<<<<< MASO H1.5 -S : Environment and Society MASO 1.6-S : Sociology of Globalization M.A. SOCIOLOGY:<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<... SEMESTER-II MASO 2.1- : Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology<<<<. MASO H2.2 - : Social Stratification and Mobility<<<<<<<<<. MASO H2.3 - : Rural Sociology MASO H2.4 - : <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<Population Studies<<<<<<<<<<<. MASO H2.5 -S : Political Sociology<<<<<<<<<<<<<. MASO 2.6-S : Sociology of Deviance<<< MASO 2.7- : Fundamentals of Sociology<.. M.A. SOCIOLOGY:O SEMESTER-III MASO 3.1- : Modern Sociological Theories MASO H3.2 - : Urban Sociology <<<<<<<<<<<. MASO H3.3 - : Research Methodology<<<<<<<<<<. MASO H3.4 - : Industry aand Society<<<<<<<<<<.. MASO H3.5 -S : Sociology of Social movements<<< MASO 3.6-S : Sociology of Ageing<<<<<<<<. MASO 3.7- : Indian Society<<<<<<<<<<<<<. M.A. SOCIOLOGY:O SEMESTER-IV MASO 4.1- : Sociology of Health<<<<<<<<<<<<<... MASO H4.2 - : Sociology of Gender<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. MASO H4.3 - : Sociology of Marginalised Groups MASO H4.4 - : Project Work<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.. MASO H4.5 -S : Social -
Sita Ram Baba
सीता राम बाबा Sītā Rāma Bābā סִיטָ ה רְ אַמָ ה בָבָ ה Bābā بَابَا He had a crippled leg and was on crutches. He tried to speak to us in broken English. His name was Sita Ram Baba. He sat there with his begging bowl in hand. Unlike most Sadhus, he had very high self- esteem. His eyes lit up when we bought him some ice-cream, he really enjoyed it. He stayed with us most of that evening. I videotaped the whole scene. Churchill, Pola (2007-11-14). Eternal Breath : A Biography of Leonard Orr Founder of Rebirthing Breathwork (Kindle Locations 4961-4964). Trafford. Kindle Edition. … immortal Sita Ram Baba. Churchill, Pola (2007-11-14). Eternal Breath : A Biography of Leonard Orr Founder of Rebirthing Breathwork (Kindle Location 5039). Trafford. Kindle Edition. Breaking the Death Habit: The Science of Everlasting Life by Leonard Orr (page 56) ראמה راما Ράμα ראמה راما Ράμα Rama has its origins in the Sanskrit language. It is used largely in Hebrew and Indian. It is derived literally from the word rama which is of the meaning 'pleasing'. http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Rama/f Rama For other uses, see Rama (disambiguation). “Râm” redirects here. It is not to be confused with Ram (disambiguation). Rama (/ˈrɑːmə/;[1] Sanskrit: राम Rāma) is the seventh avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu,[2] and a king of Ayodhya in Hindu scriptures. Rama is also the protagonist of the Hindu epic Ramayana, which narrates his supremacy. Rama is one of the many popular figures and deities in Hinduism, specifically Vaishnavism and Vaishnava reli- gious scriptures in South and Southeast Asia.[3] Along with Krishna, Rama is considered to be one of the most important avatars of Vishnu. -
Towards a Christian Pastoral Approach to Cambodian Culture
Thesis Title: Towards a Christian Pastoral Approach to Cambodian Culture In fulfilment of the requirements of Master’s in Theology (Missiology) Submitted by: Gerard G. Ravasco Supervised by: Dr. Bill Domeris, Ph D March, 2004 Towards a Christian Pastoral Approach to Cambodian Culture Table of Contents Page Chapter 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 The world we live in 1 1.2 The particular world we live in 1 1.3 Our target location: Cambodia 2 1.4 Our Particular Challenge: Cambodian Culture 2 1.5 An Invitation to Inculturation 3 1.6 My Personal Context 4 1.6.1 My Objectives 4 1.6.2 My Limitations 5 1.6.3 My Methodology 5 Chapter 2 2.0 Religious Influences in Early Cambodian History 6 2.1 The Beginnings of a People 6 2.2 Early Cambodian Kingdoms 7 2.3 Funan 8 2.4 Zhen-la 10 2.5 The Founding of Angkor 12 2.6 Angkorean Kingship 15 2.7 Theravada Buddhism and the Post Angkorean Crisis 18 2.8 An Overview of Christianity 19 2.9 Conclusion 20 Chapter 3 3.0 Religions that influenced Cambodian Culture 22 3.1 Animism 22 3.1.1 Animism as a Philosophical Theory 22 3.1.2 Animism as an Anthropological Theory 23 3.1.2.1 Tylor’s Theory 23 3.1.2.2 Counter Theories 24 3.1.2.3 An Animistic World View 24 3.1.2.4 Ancestor Veneration 25 3.1.2.5 Shamanism 26 3.1.3 Animism in Cambodian Culture 27 3.1.3.1 Spirits reside with us 27 3.1.3.2 Spirits intervene in daily life 28 3.1.3.3 Spirit’s power outside Cambodia 29 3.2 Brahmanism 30 3.2.1 Brahmanism and Hinduism 30 3.2.2 Brahmin Texts 31 3.2.3 Early Brahmanism or Vedism 32 3.2.4 Popular Brahmanism 33 3.2.5 Pantheistic Brahmanism -
A Brief History of Vedas Index
i A Brief History of Vedas Index Sl Particulars No 1 About the Author 2 Equivalent letters of different languages 3 About the Book 4 The Vedas: A Brief Chronicle 5 Historical Classification of the Vedas 6 Vedic Period: The Period of Śruti Post Vedic Period: Classical Period, the period 7 of Smṛiti 8 Modern Period: The period of Bhāshya 9 The Period of the Creation of Mantra 10 The Period of Compilation of Mantras 11 Āpri Sūktas 12 Brāhmanam Period 13 What is Brāhmanams 14 Śākhās and Charanas 15 Charana 16 Śākhā 17 The Samhitā Śākhās: 18 The Brāhmana Śākhās: 19 The Sūtra Śākhās: 20 Parishad: 21 Vamśa of Sāma Veda Vamśas as per the Madhukāṇḍa of Śatapatha 22 Brāhmanam Vamśas given at the end of Śatapatha 23 Brāhmanam Vamśas as per Xth Book of Śatapatha 24 Brāhmanam ii 25 Vamśas as per Khila Kāṇḍa 26 Gopatha Brāhmanam 27 Gāyatri Mantra 28 Āranyakas 29 Upanishads 30 Ṛigveda Upanishads 31 Śukla Yajurveda Upanishads 32 Krishna Yajurveda Upanishads 33 Samaveda Upanishads 34 Atharvaveda Upanishads 35 Unknown Upanishads 36 Sūtra Period 37 Prātiśākhyas 38 Ṛik Prātiśākhya by Śaunaka 39 Prātiśākhyas of Yajur Veda 40 Taittirīya Prātiśākhya 41 Maitrāyanīya Prātiśākhya 42 Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya 43 Pratigya Pariśishṭa 44 Bhāshika Pariśishṭa 45 Prātiśākhyas of Sāma Veda 46 Atharva Veda Prātiśākhya 47 Phoneticians of Prātiśākhyas and Vyākaranas 48 Śikshā 49 General Śikshā 50 Pāninīya Śikshā 51 Śikshās of Ṛigveda 52 Svaravyanjana Śikshā 53 Samāna Śikshā 54 Śikshās of White Yajurveda 55 Yājnavalkya Śikshā 56 Vāsishṭhī Śikshā 57 Kātyāyani Śikshā 58 Parāśarī