THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE LEWIS & CLARK TRAIL HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. VOL. 5 No. 3 July 1979

"Living History" at Fort Clatsop

Timothy Walker, Richmond, Califor­ nia, (the exploring party's York) and Carol Jean Brafford,' Sacramento, California, (the Expedition's Saca­ gawea) are staff members at the Fort Clatsop National Memorial (near As­ toria, OR). On the occasion pictured above "Living History" was really in action. York and Sacagawea were The Expedition's journals frequently relate the activity of Cruzatte the fiddler. busy butchering and preparing deer On June 25, 1805, Captain Lewis' journal indicates that after preparations were meat, which was provided by the Ore­ completed to proceed on the next morning [we] "... were able to shake a foot gon State Game Commission. The . . . in dancing on the green to the music of the violin which Cruzatte plays deer had been killed by an automobile extremely well." (Thwaites, V. 2, p. 197). David Moffit, Portland, Oregon, a only hours before it was brought to member of the staff at the Fort Clatsop National Memorial (near Astoria, OR) the Memorial. Photograph by provides this "Living History" demonstration for visitors to the Memorial. He "Frenchy" Chuinard. is pictured above, in action, just outside of a squad room and in the parade I. Carol, an Oglala Sioux, was born on the ground at the replica of the exploring party's winter establishment. Photograph Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, Oglala, by Roy J. Beadle. Shannon County, South Dakota.

MEMBERS OF THE VALLEY COUNTY LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL SOCIETY INVITE YOU TO

T HE ELEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FOUNDATION, AUGUST 12-15, 1979

GLASGOW, VALLEY COUNTY, MONTANA - SEE MAP ON PAGE 12 President Doumit's Message

THE LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC.

Incorporated 1969 under Missouri General Not-For-Profit Corporation Act IRS Exemption Certificate No. 501 (C)(3) - Identification No. 51-018 7715

OFFICERS - EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

President 1st Vice President 2nd Vice President Mitchell Doumit Bob Saindon Irving W. Anderson P.O . Box 8 P.O . Box 481 Box LC-1 gs, Lewis & Clark College Cathlamet, Washington 98612 Glasgow, Montana 59230 Portland, Oregon 97219

Irving W. Anderson, Secretary Clarence H. Decker, Treasurer Box LC-196, Lewis & Clark College P .O . Box 128 Po"land, Oregon 97219 East Alton, Illinois 62024

MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY - APPOINTED BY THE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS Hazel Bain, 1950 - 33rd Avenue, Apt. 1. Longview, Washington 98632

DIRECTORS Photograph courtesy The Dni/y N ews, Longview, Washington Dayton W . Canaday Michael P. Gleason Donald Jackson Pierre, South Dakota Charlottesville, Virgi~ja Colorado Springs, Colorado This will be my fomth and final mes­ Robert S. Chandler Mildred Goosman E. E. MacGilvra St. Louis, Missouri Omaha. Nebraska Butte, Montana sage through We Proceeded On as E. G. Chuinard. M.D. V. Strode Hinds, D .D.S. Sheila Robinson your president. It has been a privilege Tigard, Oregon Sioux City, Iowa Coleharbor. No"h Dakota and an honor to have been able to Clarence H. Decker Clifford lmsland Marcus J. Ware serve you dUl'ing the past year - the East Alton. Illinois Seattle, Washington Lewiston, Idaho first time my state of Washington has Gail, M . Stensland, Fort Benton, Montana, Immediate Past President, is a member of the been so honored. Board of Directors T he next three years - 1979 through PAST PRESIDENTS 1981 - should be important years for "Honorary Past President" - E. E. "Boo" MacGilvra our Foundation for they mark the Edwynne P . Murphy, 1970 Lynn Burris, Jr.. 1 g72. 1 g73 Wilbur P. Werner, 1975 -1g75 l 75th anniversary of the years in­ St. Louis, Missouri Topeka, Kansas Cut Bank. Montana volved with the Expedition. 1804 was E. G . Chuinard, M .D., 1971 Robe" E. Lange, 1 g73.1974 Clarence H. Decker, 1976-1 g77 the year the exploring party traveled T igard, Oregon Po"land, Oregon East Alton, Illinois from today's Wood River, Illinois to John Greenslit, 1 g72 Gary Lappa"· 1974.1g75 Gail M. Stensland, 1977-1978 Lansing. Michigan Lewistown, Montana Fo" Benton, Montana present day North Dakota where they constructed and spent the first winter ABOUT THE FOUNDATION in their Fort Mandan. The next year, 1805, found them accomplishing their The purpose of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation. Inc .. is to stimulate nationally: public interest in maners relating to the Lewis and Clark Expedition; the contributions 10 American history made by the mission, leaving t heir Fort Mandan, expedition members; and events of time a nd place concerning and following the expedition which are of ascending the Missouri River tluough historical import to our nation. The Foundation recogniies the value of tourist.oriented programs. and supports activities whtc h enhance the enjoyment and understanding of the Lew is and Clark story. The scope of the today's states of North Dakota and activities of the Foundation are broad and diverse. and include involvement in pursuits which, in the judgement of the Directors are, of historical worth or contemporary social values, and commensurate with the heritage Montana; across the Bitterroot of Lewis and Clark. The ac:tivities of the National Fo undation are intended to compliment and supplement thO!ie of state a nd local Lewis and Clark interest groups. The Foundation may appropriately recognize a nd Mountains of Idaho, and down the honor individuals or groups fot: an INOrks of distinction; achievement in the broad field of Lewis and Clark Clearwater River in Idaho; the Snake historical research; writing; or deeds which promote the general purpose and scope of activities of the Foundation. Membership in the organization comprises a broad spectrum of Lewis and Cl ark enthusiasts River in present day southeastern including Federal , State, and local government officials. historians. scholars. and others of wide ranging Lewis and Clark Interests. Officers of the Foundation are elected from the membership. The Annual Meeting of Washingt on State; and fi nally down the Foundation is traditionally held during August, the birth month of both Meriwether Lewis and William the great Columbia River which pro­ Clark. The meeting place is rotated among the States . and tours generally are arranged to visi t sites in the area of the Annual Meeting which have historic association with the Lewis and Clark Expedition. vides today's boundary between the states of Washington and Oregon. They spent the winter at their Fort WE PROCEEDED ON Clatsop establishment near present We Proceeded On is the official publication of the Lewis and Cl ar k Trail Heritage Foundation. Astoria, Oregon. 1806 marked the year Inc. The publication's name is derived from the phrase which appears repeatedly in the collec­ tive journals of the famous Expedition. of their return, culminating in their successful completion of their journey PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE of discovery. Donald J ackson, Chairman, 3920 Old Stage Road, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80906 T hese years should afford us an ex­ ceptional opportunity for bringing E. G. Chuinard, M.D .. Business Manager Robe" E. Lange, Editor their accomplishments to the atten­ 3025 N. Vancouver Avenu e 5054 S.W. 26th Place tion of the public. In an effort to ob­ Portland, Oregon 97227 Portland, Oregon 97201 tain recognition for the Expedition, I Paul R. Cutright Wilbur P. Werner approached the U. S. Postal Service 312 Summit Avenue P.O. Box 1244 with the suggestion that appropriate Jenkintown, Pen nsylvania 1 go45 Cut Bank. Montana 59427 postal stamps be issued to commemo­ rate the contributions of the Expedi-

-2- We Proceeded On, J uly 1979 tion to our history. Because of a nec­ An examination of the details and Directors. The Board of Directors shall essary two-year period devoted to the program (outlined in· WPO, Vol 5, No. be composed of the President, First Vice study and consideration of new com­ 2, May 1979, p. 1; and in the packet President, Second Vice President, Secre­ memorative stamp issues, it will be enclosed with the mailing of that tary, and Treasurer (Proposed) AND impossible to issue stamps related to issue) will indicate the outstanding PAST PRESIDENTS. (Delete) and twelue {12) members elected at the annual the Lewis and Clark Expedition dur­ nature of the forth-coming Annual meeting from the membership. The im­ ing 1979 and 1980. The Postmaster Meeting. We will have excellent mediate past president shall be a General in response to my suggestion speakers, and there will be excursions member of the Board of Directors. did assure me that he would recom­ to areas which were actually trav­ (Proposed) IN ADDITION THERETO, mend that an appropriate stamp or ersed by the men of the exploring THERE SHALL BE ELECTED stamps be issued to commemorate the party. DIRECTORS AS FOLLOWS: l 75th anniversary of the successful Among recommendations that I have A. ONE (1) RESIDENT DIRECTOR completion of the exploring enterprise FROM EACH OF T H E ELEVEN in 1981. made to various committees are those to the Bylaws Committee for their TRAIL STATES. B. ONE (1) RESIDENT DIRECTOR I set out to undertake a number of consideration and recommendation to projects which I considered to be im­ FROM ANY STATE ENTITY the membership at the annual meet­ HAVING AT LEAST TEN (10) portant toward continuing t he suc­ ing. In order that you may have a pre­ MEMBERS. cess of the Foundation. view of my recommendations, I am C. ONE (1) ADDITIONAL RESI­ In an effort to induce om members submitting a brief resume here. To DENT DIRECTOR FROM ANY to pruticipate more fully in the work understand my proposals better in the STATE FOR EACH TWENTY­ and activities of the Foundation, I so­ texts of the bylaws that follow: FIVE (25) MEMBERS, OR FRAC­ licited your cooperation in serving on TION THEREOF, AFTER THE New proposed verbage will be indicat ­ committees. In addition to the Board FIRST FIFTY (50) MEMBERS ed thusly: "(Proposed)" and the FROM SUCH STATE. of Directors and the ex-officio Execu­ proposed new verbage will fo llow in tive Committee, some thirteen com­ It will be noted that I have proposed UPPER CASE type. mittees with a total membership of 70 a resident director from any state, individuals were appointed to serve Verbage proposed for deletion will be other than the Trail states, having (see WPO, Vol. 5, No. 1, Feb. 1979, pp. indicated thusly: "(Delete)" and the ten or more members. At last report, 4 & 5). Some of these committees have verbage to be deleted will follow in California with 21 members, and Vir­ been very active and it is expected italics. ginia with 10 members, would qualify that we will be receiving reports from Section 4.1 Annual Meetings. The annual for a director. In addition, I do believe them at the annual meeting in Glas­ meeting of the members of the Founda­ that provisions ought to be made to gow, Montana. tion, for the purpose of electing directors elect a certain number of Directors at and for the transaction of such other Large. Another project deals with member­ business as may be brought before the ship. We have worked in two ways in meeting, shall be held at such place in I believe that the three states with this connection: first, by making a de­ the United States as members may by large memberships - my own state of termined effort to retain our resolution designate at a previous meet­ Washington with over 100 members; members; and, second, by conducting ing. (Delete) The general practice shall Montana with 73 members; and Ore­ a consistent program to interest new be to fix the annual meeting at a suitable gon with 68 members - should be en­ people so as to provide for an increase place within the state in which the first titled to director recognition com­ uice president resides. In the event the in membership each year. With the members fail to establish the time or mensmate with their membership. help and drive of our Membership place of the next annual meeting, or in You will note that I am proposing Chairman and Membership Secre­ the event it becomes impractical to hold that past presidents be members of tary, Hazel Bain, we have moved in the annual meeting at the time or in the the Board of Directors. I believe that, this direction to the extent that our place selected by members, the Board of if they are willing to serve, the Foun­ total membership has already reached Directors of the Foundation shall, as dation shou.ld utilize their experience. the highest total since the inception early as possible, designate the time and There will be seven past presidents, of the Foundation. It was not my wish place of such meeting. to develop a massive membership, but The verbage proposed to be eliminat­ who have maintained membership in the Foundation, at the close of my I do believe that a steady growth in ed (in italics) serves no useful purpose term. a solid membership is to be desired. and creates problems each year for the Meeting P lace Committee and for By far my greatest emphasis at this Under my proposal, there would be the Nominating Committee. At the approximately 35 members of the time is to encourage as many of you present time, if we follow the existing as possible to attend t he E leventh An­ Board of Directors as follows: Five of­ verbage, despite the wording "The ficers, seven past presidents, eleven nual Meeting of the Foundation at general practice shall be ...", the 1980 Glasgow. Our hosts, t h e Valley Trail state directors, two entity state annual meeting would be in Oregon, directors, and two each additional County Lewis and Clark Trail Soci­ since the vice president elect resides ety, have planned an outstanding pro­ directors for Washington, Oregon and in Oregon. As a practical matter, since Montana, plus any number of direc­ gram in an area replete with the histo­ approximately 60% of the membership ry and heritage of the Expedition. Of tors that might be provided for "at resides in the states of Montana, Ore­ large". course, as your president, I would like gon, and Washington, invoking the to have as large an attendance as pos­ " ... general practice ... " would lead This number of directors might seem sible. I realize that there is some con­ to virtually rotating all the annual unwiedly, but Section 7.3 provides cern about traveling in view of the meetings among these three states. that a quorum consists of only 9 present energy problems. This, there­ members so this should not preclude fore, should place a greater effort on Another proposal involves the organi­ holding director's meetings because of those of us who are able to attend. zation of the Board of Directors a lack of a quorum. I would hope to see a larger attend­ which provides: One other matter concerns me and I ance from the Missouri River trail Section 7.1 Organization. The business believe should receive serious consid­ states at this meeting, since it is closer affairs of the Foundation shall be con­ eration in order to enable the Founda­ to their areas. trolled and directed by the Board of tion to have more flexibility when se-

We Proceeded On, July 1979 -3- lecting places for annual meetings. I Dan Murphy - Our 11th Annual Banquet Speaker would propose that the following ad­ dition to the bylaws Under Section IV Section 4.5 Annual Meeting Program. The Board of Directors, upon the recom­ mendation of the incoming vice president, shall name the Progrnm Chairman and Local Arrangements Chairman for the Annual Meeting, which will occur when he is the president of the Foundation. These chairmen may solicit whatever support they need and they shall be responsible in their respective areas. This makes the Board of Directors responsible for the program at the an­ nual meeting, and relieves the local areas of that responsibility and leaves them to make such local arrange­ ments as might be indicated. Obviously space in this message does not permit an in depth discussion of these proposals. I would suggest that any member having suggestions, and unable to attend the forth-coming an­ nual meeting, should make their thoughts known to Marcus Ware, chairman of the bylaws committee, or to me. Again, may I express my thanks and M embers and guests who will be attending the Foundation's Eleventh Annual appreciation for the opportunity to M eeting and the Annual Banquet, at Glasgow, Montana, are looking forward serve as your president. I trust that to meeting and hearing Dan Murphy's banquet address. my contributions have been favorably Dan is a career employee with the National Park Service, presently located received, and I sincerely hope that I in Saint Louis at the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (the Gateway will see ma ny of you at Glasgow, Arch). H is previous assignments with the National Park Service have been in Montana, in August. Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, and New Mexico. His original responsibility at the St. Louis facility was as Supervisor for the Museum of Westward Expansion Mitchell Doumit, President at the Memorial. Holding degrees in both history and archeology, a great deal of his work is in the Par!~ Service's interpretive activities. Dan says: "My inclination is toward the dissemination of information to the masses; I believe very much in rock-hard scholarship, but with that, I think that legitimate popularization is a fine and holy thing, and quite necessary if the masses are to know our heritage." His specialty is the study of the westward expansion of the United States. Lewis News Note and Clark students and enthusiasts know him best for the splendid and imagi­ native text' that he developed in collaboration with David Muench's superb We transcribe verbatim the following news color photographs in the publication Lewis and Clark: Voyage of Discovery.2 item which appeared in Variety, issue for July 4, 1979. The article is date lined, Hol­ Mwphy, in a letter to the Editor, says: "I like what I call "experiential" history lywood, July 3. - as an addition to, not a substitute for, documentary scholarship. For instance, recently I tried running through the woods where the panic-stricken Illinois David Dor tort, Charles W. Fries and Militia did in "Stillman's Run" of the B lackhawk War - and I have a better Ken Belsky have partnered to pro­ concept of their panic than I had from reading the textbooks." duce a three hour TV film fo r CBS Dan Mwphy has indicated that he will be speahing about some of the miscon­ Entertainment, based on the Lewis ceptions he finds that people have about Lewis and Clark and the Expedition. and Clark diaries and original materi­ These are based on the conversations the tens of thousands who visit the Nation­ al on Sacajawea [sic], Indian guide[?] al Parhs and enter into conversations with the park rangers. "This", he says, of the expedition, written by Burch "further stresses the importance of getting the basic story and accurate informa­ Mann. tion out to them at every opportunity!" Fries E nterprises, Dortort's Aurora 1. See We Proceeded On, Vol. 3, No. 2, p. 7; and Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 11. Enterprises and Belsky's K-Bella En­ terprises will produce the fi lm, which 2. Published by K.C. Publications, Las Vegas, NV, 1977. will be written by Dortort, who a lso will be exec producer with Fries. The Editor and the Foundation's Publications Committee welcome manu­ Belsky, whose company has an exclu­ scripts dealing with the many aspects of the Lewis and Clark Expedition sive development deal with Fries En­ for publication in We Proceeded On. terprises, will be producer. Manuscripts (typewritten-double spaced) may be forwiuded to the Editor They plan to shoot the fi lm along the or to any member of the Publications Committee (addresses are listed precise course taken by the original L in the P ublisher's Plate on page 2). As a non-profit entity, neither the & C expedition, locationing in Mon­ Foundation nor We Proceeded On, is in a position to offer honorariums tana and Idaho, and along the Mis­ for published manuscripts. Contributors will receive ten copies of the issue souri and Columbia rivers. in which their ar ticle is published.

-4- We Proceeded On, July 1979 Youth Activity Essay Winner - Liz Hahn for the 1980, 1981, and 1982 series will also be accepted at this time, and these may be slightly higher priced due to increased costs at time of cast­ ing. The committee has announced that there will be a limit of three of each of the designs in the series per each individual pur chaser. Order forms and additiona l informa­ tion may be obtained from the Cut Bank Chamber of Commer ce, P.O. Box 1243, Cut Bank, MT 59427, or from Wilbur P . Werner, P. 0. Box 1244, Cut Bank, MT 59427.

H. Bain Tells L. & C. Story To Washington State Group Meeting

Over 300 members of the Washington Photograph by Gladys Silk - Glasgow Courier Association Educational Office Per­ Liz Hahn, a senior at Glasgow High School is the 1st prize winner for the Essay sonnel met in Longview, Washington contest sponsored by the Foundation's Youth Committee. Bob Saindon, presi­ for t h e organization's WAEOP dent elect of the national Foundation and chairman of the Youth Committee Spring Conference, April 20-22, 1979. is shown a bove as he presented Liz with a check for $25.00. Liz wi ll read her In addition to workshop conferences winning essay at the noon luncheon, August 15th, during the 11th Annual Meet­ related to a multitude of subjects con­ ing of the Foundation. Her essay will also be published in the October/November cerned with the organization's activi­ issue of We Proceeded On. ties, Hazel Bain, Membership Secre­ Runners-up in the con test are Tom Hoffman, eighth grader in the Opheim tary for the Lewis and Clark Trail School, and Kelly McNulty and Nola Gerth of Glasgow High School. All four Heritage Foundation, Inc., and a of the winners received a copy of the book, In the Footsteps of Lewis and Clark member of the Longview Association published by the National Geographic Society. of Educational Office Personnel (the host group), addressed those assem­ Judges for the essay contest were Vivian A. Paladin, Helena, Montana, Editor bled. The title of her address appeared Emeritus of Montana: The Magazine of Western History, and Robert E. Lange, on the program as: "The Lewis and Portland, Oregon, past president of the Foundation and editor of the Founda­ Clark Trail - The Story of This Great tion's publication We Proceeded On. Event in U. S. History Which The prizes for the contest were funded from the Foundation's Raymond Darwin Spanned the North American Conti­ Burroughs Memorial Fund. "Dar" Burroughs, an author' and director of the nent, Traversing Areas Which Later Foundation, passed away in 1976, and the Memorial Fund was conceived by Would Form Many of Our Western his daughter, Mrs. William B. (Margaret) Norris, Fayetteville, NY (see WPO, States". Following her address, Mit­ Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 7). Mr. and Mrs. Norris regularly at tend the Foundation's Annu­ chell Doumit (Cathlamet, Washing­ al Meetings. ton, and president of the national Foundation) presented and provided 1. The Natural History of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Michigan State University the narration for a group of slides re­ Press, 1961. lating to the Expedition and the trail of the exploring party. At the final banquet on April 22nd, News Note will portray Captain Lewis, the Field Dr. Gran t Hendrickson, Superin­ brothers, and Drouillard (Drewyer ). tendent of the Longview, Washington Orders are now being accepted for the The balance of the series will be cast School District, was the speaker. The first, in a series of fo ur, solid bronze and released in 1980, 1981, and 1982, Subject of Dr. Hendrickson's address Lewis and Clark belt buckles. Spon­ and will include subjects depicting was: "Reflections of Sacagawea;'. sored by the Cut Bank (Montana) "Camp Disappointment", "The Two The t heme for the conference which Lewis and Clark Festival Committee, Medicine River Fight Site", and "Cap­ the series will depict the Lewis and tain Lewis Near Cut Bank, Mon­ appeared on the program and regis­ t ration form read: "Follow The Lewis Clark Expedition - Voyage of Discov­ tana". and Clark Trail To Longview-Kelso". ery - in Montana. Bob Scriver, world The 1979, "The Marias Explorers", famous Montana sculptor' has de­ Several of the workshops and meeting sells for $25.00 plus postage and han­ sessions were held in the Monticello signed and created the series, which dling, and will be shjpped to pur­ will be cast in a limited edition of 500 Hotel's Lewis and Clark Room (see ch asers in the fall of t his year. WPO, Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 4). serially number buckles for each of Because of the limited edition, inter­ the four designs. ested purchasers are urged to order as The 1979 issue depicts the scene ti­ soon as possible. A $15.00 deposit for tled: "The Marias Explorers'', and each buckle should accompany your order, and the balance will be due 1. See WPO : Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 1; Vol. 2, No. when you are notified that the buck­ 3, p .p. 6-7; Vol. 3, No. 3, p. 1. les am available for shlpment. Orders

We Proceeded On, July 1979 -5- Sixth Annual Symposium Donald Jackson Presents Paper At Washington-Oregon Event American Philosophical Society

Some sixty Lewis and Clark enthusi­ In a letter to the editor, Don Jackson' remarked: "I had the pleasure of standing asts gathered at Fort Columbia State where Jefferson used to stand as I delivered my paper at the American Philo­ 2 Park, Ilwaco, and Fort Canby State sophical Society.': The date was Friday, April 20, 1979, and Jackson's paper Park - Lewis and Clark Interpretive was titled: "Jefferson, Meriwether Lewis, and the Reduction of the United States Center, all on the Washington State Army". (north) shore of the Columbia River Donald Jackson's paper advances the interesting supposition that President estuary for the Sixth Annual Wash­ Thomas Jefferson may have had another reason for bTinging young Meriwether ington-01·egon Lewis and Clark Sym­ Lewis to Washington and Monticello as his private secretary, other than for posium. This is an annual event joint­ the planning of the exploration of the trans-Mississippi west. ly sponsored by the Washington (State) Lewis and Clark Trail Com­ The paper is scheduled for publication later this year in the Society's Proceed­ mittee and the Oregon Lewis and ings. Jackson, in his letter, when referring to his paper says: Clark Trail Committee (See WPO, As you will see, it is based upon my recognition of Lewis's handwriting on a single sheet Vol. 5, No. 2, p. 7). of paper while I was cranking through the 50 reels of Jefferson microfilm last year for the third time. I am now suggesting that we have some evidence to show that Lewis The Symposium banquet took place was not hired as Secretary to train for an expedition; and I support the fact with some at Red's Restaurant in Ilwaco, Wash­ addedindications that the [Lewis and Clark] expedition was not conceived until late ington. Following the banquet the in 1802, at least 18 months after Lewis became presidential secretary. speakers were Victor T. Ecklund, re­ tired Chief, Resource Area Studies We Proceeded On will advise readers of the availability of the American Philo­ Division, Bureau of Outdoor' Recrea­ sophical Society's Proceedings. Students and enthusiasts of the Lewis and Clark tion, Bellevue, Washington, and Dr. saga, despite the long standing tradition that Jefferson hired Meriwether Lewis Robert C. Carriker, Department of in 1801, not as a secretary or aide, but as a trainee for a transcontinental expedi­ History, Gonzaga University, Spo­ tion, will be interested in Donald Jackson's conjectures that this may not have kane, Washington. Ecklund's address bet?n his purpose at all! Jackson states this so very well in the summation of was titled: "The National Park Serv­ his paper, when he states: ice and the Lewis and Clark Trail". . .. it seems evident that Jefferson hired Captain Meriwether Lewis for quite another Dr. Carriker's interesting paper ex­ purpose than to train him for a transcontinental expedition, and that he decided on plored: "The Politics of Trans-Conti­ that expedition much later than has previously been believed. And so when Lewis set nental Exploration". out from Washington and Philadelphia, in the spring of 1803, to begin the nation's most The final treat of the evening was a endming tale of exploration and adventure, he had the satisfaction of knowing that he already had served his President and his party in a rather unusual way. special open-house for this specific group at Washington State Parks and 1. See WPO, Vol. l , No. I. , p. 5; Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 6, fn. l. Dr. Jackson is a Director of the Foundation. Recreation Commission's Lewis and 2. The Society is located in Philadelphia, PA, near Independence Hall, and was founded in 1743. For Clark Inte1pretive Center where visi­ a list of the original manusc1ipt journals of Lewis and Clai·k and other memorabilia related to the tors watched the setting sun and ap­ Expedition in the archives of the Society, see Cutright, Paul R.; Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Natural­ proaching evening from this magnifi­ ists, Univ. of Illinois PTess, Urbana, 1969, pp. 448-449. cen t viewpoint high atop Cape Disappointment.

Archie and Sylvia Graber, Seattle, Washington, are regular attendees at Lewis and Clark events in Washing­ ton and Oregon, and at the national Oregon's S enior Senator Mark 0. Hatfield (left) visits with Foundation Director Foundation's Annual Meetings. Ar­ E. G. "Frenchy" Chuinard just prior to the Property Transfer Ceremony at the chie is vice chairman of'the Washing­ Seaside, Oregon site of the Lewis and Clark Expedition's Salt Cairn (Salt ton (State) Lewis and Clarli Trail works). It was the dedicated interest of D1·. Chuinard, who as Chairman of Committee, and this year served as the Oregon Lewis and Clark Trail Committee, and Senator Hatfield's specific chairman for the Sixth Annual accomplishment in introducing Congressional legislation, first in 1972, and fi ­ Washington-Oregon Lewis and Clark nally in 1978, which as part of the "National Parks and Recreation Act'', provid­ Symposium which was hosted by the ed for the addition of the Salt Cairn Site to the Fort Clatsop National Memorial Washington Committee. Archie was (see WPO, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. I and 11). The June 23rd ceremony witnessed the responsible for the fine program and transfer of the site from the Oregon Historical Society, who acquired the proper­ meeting arrangements for this year's ty in 1910, to the National Park Service. Following the ceremony at the Salt Symposium . Photograph by Cairn, Senator Hatfield addressed a gathering of several hundred at a luncheon "Frenchy" Chuinard. at the Senior Citizens Center in Seaside, Oregon.

-6- We Proceeded On, July 1979 Principals at Salt Cairn Property Transfer Ceremony Youth Activity Art Contest Award Goes To Steve Ringstad

(From left) Donald J. Sterling, President of the Oregon Historical Society; Rob­ ert E. Scott, Superintendent of the National Park Service Fort Clatsop National Memorial; and Russell E. Dickenson, Pacific Northwest Regional Director, Na­ Photo by Gladys Silk - Glasgow Courier tional Park Service, Seattle, are pictured at the Lewis and Clark Expedition's Pictured here is Steve Ringstad, Property Transfer Ceremony, Salt Cairn site, Seaside, Oregon. At the J une 23rd fourth grader at Irle School, accepting Oregon Historical Society President Sterling presented the property deed for a $25.00 check from Bob Saindon, the site of the Salt Cairn to National Park Service Regional Director Dickinson. chairman of the Foundation's Youth Recent Congressional legislation directed that the site be added to the Fort Activities Committee. Steve was Clatsop National Memorial which is some 15 miles to the north and east near Astoria, Oregon. Now that the site is a part of the Memorial, Superintendent awarded first prize in an art contest. His drawing titled "Going Around the Scott will be responsible for its maintenance and administration. Photograph Great Falls of the Missouri" will be by Fritzi Chuinard. incorporated in the cover design of the Eleventh Annual Meeting Pro­ gram for the Glasgow, Montana, Au­ gust 12-15, 1979 meeting. Saindon said that the contest proved to be most popular and over 400 art entries were received. Runners-up are Nadine Wimmer of Frontier Elemen­ tary School, north of Wolf Point, and Whit Anderson and Shawn Gornall of the Irle School in Glasgow. They, as well as Ringstad, received copies of Gerald Snyder's book In the Footsteps of Lewis and Clark, published by the National Geographic Society in 1970. Judges for the art contest were Mi­ chael McCourt, curator of the Mon­ tana Historical Society and Archie M. Graber, Seattle, Washington, artist, sculptor, bibliophile, and student and authority on the Expedition. The prizes for the contest were funded from the Foundation's Raymond Dar­ win Burroughs M emorial Fund. "Dar" Burroughs, an author' and director of the Foundation passed away in 1976, and the Memorial Fund was conceived by his daughter, Mrs. William B. (Margaret) Norris, Fay­ etteville, NY (see WPO, Vol. 2, No. (From left) E. G. "Frenchy" Chuinard, chairman of the Oregon Lewis and Clark 4, p. 7). Mr. and Mrs. Norris regularly Trail Committee; Oregon's Senior Senator Mark 0. Hatfield; and Robert E. attend th e Foundation's Annual Scott, superintendent, Fort Clatsop National Memorial (near Astoria, Oregon) Meetings. exchange greetings prior to noon luncheon at Seaside, Oregon. Luncheon fol­ lowed the Property Transfer Ceremony at the Lewis and Clark Expedition's 1. The Natural History of the Lewis and Salt Cairn site, and Senator Hatfield addressed the gathering of nearly two Clark Expedition, Michigan State Univer­ hundred at the luncheon. Photograph by Fritzi Chuinard. sity Press, 1961.

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/ VIL LAGE .... _, / VILLAGE SITE ~_) ~ /

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_,.

~ i ~ Field brothers ' Hunting Camp , "'~ ~ 7-8 campsite on Clark' s map. R. 0 10. ? ~t~~ 12. "-< ~ ~~ ...1 .. ~ ...... <:o ~ +,OCATION OF LEWIS AND CI.ARK CAMPSITE FOR APRIL 6 8, 1806

...... =- - Location Of The Lewis And Clark Campsite For April 6-8, 1806

By Emory and R uth Strong1

E di tor's note: Lewis and Clark enthusiasts living along the route of the famous exploring enterprise fi nd great delight in studying the journals, Captain Clark's sketch maps, and today's up-dated U. S. Geologic Survey maps, and then accurately locating the campsites used by the Captains and their party. On occasion we may observe that these overnight stopping places were occupied for several days and nights, and that sometimes they found utility on both the outbound and return journeys. Students of the Expedition do not always agree with respect to some locations. However, caTeful study and perserverance rewards the researchers with what may be claimed as authentic conclusions. In the article that foUows, We Proceeded On repr oduces just such a study by Emory and Ruth Strong, who, intrigued by Elliott Cones' statement that he"... co uld not fix the spot... ", have provided evidence as to where t he Expedition camped from April 6 to April 8, 1806, on the retw·n journey. Perhaps you have made such a study of one of the exploring party's campsites in your locale. If so, We Proceeded On would be pleased to provide the avenue for letting you share your rese8l·ch with other Lewis and Clark enthusiasts.

The location of the Lewis and Clark canoes, with orders to proceed up the bia River, above or upstream from campsite for April 6, 7, and 8, 1806, Columbia to a large bottom on the their April 5th campsite, in spite of on the return journey has puzzled South (present Oregon] Side about 6 Clark's notation on his map. many studen ts of th e Expedit ion. miles above us and there to hunt until Captain Lewis wrote on April 7th : Even Elliott Coues,' that genius fo r our arrival. .. We directed Drewyer " ...we employed the party in cfrying correlating contemporary maps with and Field's [sic. the Field brothers, the meat today which we completed the jou rnals,3 admi tted t h at Reuben and Joseph) to ascend the by evening, and we had it secured in he" ...co uld not fix the spot. .." Both river tomorrow and join Gibson & D1;ed Elkskins and put on board in the journals and Clark's map are con­ party.. " A readiness for an early depar ture. " 12 fusing. Captain Lewis wrote on April 6th, Captain Clark said:" .. . we were visit­ The party camped April 1-5, 1806 near " ...we took breakfast and departed at ed by several parties of Indians from today's Washougal, Clark County, 9 A.M. we continued up the N. side a village about 12 miles above us." 13 Washington;'"... o n the N. side of the of the river nearly to t he place [oppo­ Lewis indicated that the distance was [Colum bia] river... o pposite the upper site to the place] at which we camped 8 miles (see char t). 1•1 entrance of the Quicksand [present on the 3rd [2nd, at the base of Rooster The next day, April 8th, t he wind blew day Sandy] river .. ."" We believe they Rock in today's Rooster Rock State so violently that they were forced to camped where the Washougal Woolen P ark, Oregon] of N ovember last unload the canoes and " ...co mpelled Mills n ow stand, for evidence indi­ (1805) .. at a distance of ten miles to remain during the day . . ." 15 Cap- cates there was once a sm all bay from our encampment we met with tain Lewis took a walk on t his day there, and Lewis and Clark always our hunters in the upper end of the and for the first time differentiated camped, when possible, where the ca­ bottom to wh ich we had directed between the thimble and salmon ber­ noes could be sheltered. However, on them on the South side of the river. ries. He had originally considered his map,6 Captain Clark notes this site they had killed three elk this morn­ them to be the same shrub. as "Camped March 31 and 1, 2, 3, 4, ing... we therefore determined to en­ 5, 6, of April 1806." camp for the evening at this place in It is evident that the party camped order to dry t he meat... we also Ap1; 1 6th, 7th, and 8th, 1806, on the All the journalists including Gass and directed D r ewyer a nd t he two same site. Ordway record that this (the Washou­ Feildses [what a trio!] to ascend the gal) camp was abandoned on April On April 9th, Captain Lewis records: river early in the morning to a small 6th. Captain Clark records: " .. . we " .. .We passed several beau tiful cas­ bottom a few miles above and hunt had all the meat packed up and our cades the most rema1·kable of these untill our arrival."" can oes l oaded read y for to set cascades falls about 300 feet [Oregon's out ...and proceeded to the Camp of Ordway noted: "Sunday 6th of April Multnomah Falls, actually 620 feet] Gibson & party about 9 miles... " 7 1806 . ..we loaded up and Set out pro­ falls perpendicularily over a solid rock Clark had noted on April 4th , "About ceeded on verry well about 8 miles and [wall] into a narrow bottom of the noon we dispatched Gibson, Shannon, halted at the Camp of our h unt­ river on the south side. It is a large Howard, and Wiser in one of the light ers . . ." 10 Gass says: " ...proceede d on creek, situated about five miles above about 9 miles and came to our hunt­ ow· encampment of last evening."tn I. F'ounclation members from Skamania Count~-, ers' camp."11 W ashington. See .. Foundation Personalities'". We The distances between Washougal Proceeded On, Vol. 4. No. 2, pp. 4-6. So there can be no doubt that the and the April 6-8, 1806 campsite 2. Coues, Ellioll (Editor): lii>to1y of the Expedi· April 6th campsite was on the Colum- shown on the Mileage Chart (except­ lion Under the Commn11d of lelt'i.• c111cl C/arh .. .. ing that of Lewis) brings us to the vi­ 8 . l/Jic/., Vol. 4, p. 244. Francis P. Harper, N.Y., 1893. Rep1int edition: cinity of Shepperds Dell (see map) Dover Publications. Inc .. 1965. Vol. :J. p . 936, Fn. 8. 9. Ibid. . Vol. 4. p . 249. which is exactly what the journals say: " ..at the upper end of the bot­ to. Quaife. M ilo M. (Editor): The Journals of 3. See: We Proeeeded 011 , Vol. 4 . No. l , p. 9. '"An­ tom ..." 17 a site that is about fi ve ecdote". Captai11 Merill'ether leu•i., 1111d Sergeant John Ordu•ay, State H istorical Snc i er~· of \Vi5consin, (Continued on Page 10) 4. About 15 miles east of Vancouver. Washington Madison. 1916 (reprint ed ition 1965). p. 337. and Portland, Oregon. 12. Thwaites. Vol. 4. p. 252. 11. H osmer.• Jame s K . (Editor): H osmci-"s edition op. cit., 5. Thwaites, Reuben G. (E d itor): Origi11al Jour- of the McKeehan paruphrastir version of Ser­ 13. Ibid. . Vol. 4, p. 254. 110/~ of the leu•is n11d Clarl1 Expeditio11. Dodd, geant Patrick Gn,;s's original journal (no lo nger M ead & Co.. N.Y., 1904. Yul. 4, p. 224 . Also note extant). Gass's Journal of the Le11•is c111d Clar/, 14. Ibid., Sec footnote 12 ante. that the Sanely Rh·cr is on the sou th (Oregon) Expedition, A. C. M cClurg & Co.. C hicago. l!l04, side of the Columbia Hiver. p. 2l0. See also: A J rwnwl ol the \!oyoges and l5. Ibid., Vol. 4. p. 25ll. Trai•e/,, of n Co1ps ol Discu1•e1:v.. .l>y Patril'i,· 6. Ibid .. Vol. 8 !Atlas), Map N o. 32 11 . Ga.s. . ., a reprint edition of t. he M cK eehan 1807 16. Ibid., Vol. 4, p. 259. work, Hoss & H aines, Inc., Minnea polis. 19 ~8. p . 7. Ibid., Vol. 4, p. 249. 236. 17. Ibid., Vol. 4, p. 249.

We Proceeded On, July 1979 -9- MILEAGE CHART - APRIL 6 - 8, 1806 the great medicine.''2 Because the air­ gun required pumping over 500 strokes for each high compression dis­ This chart shows the actual distances (mileage) and the distances documented in the journals and on Clark's map, which are related to the Expedition's travel for April 6-9, 1806. charge, it found limited use by the men of the exploring party. Clark's Jouma ls Francis Cluistiano, a mountain-man •Actual Lewis Clark' Ordway Gass Map enthusiast and authority on antique From Washougal, WA to April 6-8 Camp . . .. 8 10 9 8 9 8 From April 6-8 Camp to Multnomah Falls . . 4'1i 5 guns displayed two fire arms of the From April 6-8 Camp to Wahclellah Village . 10 8 12 10 type most frequently used during the Washougal, WA to Wahclellah Village .... 17'12 - - -. - 18 Expedition. His 1817 Harpers Ferry *On present day maps. The April 6 -8 campsite and Multnomah Falls are m present day rifle is quite similar to the 15 rifles Oregon, and the Wahclellah Indian Village is in present day Washington State. fabricated and issued to Captain Lewis by the U.S. Army Arsenal at (text continued from page 9) Harpers Ferry.3 His Kentucky long miles (see chart) as Lewis says, below the previous November 4, 1805. Colter rifle is similar to the accurate Ken­ today's Multnomah Falls.'" The actu- seized the tomahawk and kept it, tucky rifles used by some members of al place must be close to where the nearly precipitating a fight.'' the party. According to Christiano, railroad tracks now cross Youngs Students of the Expedition who use the length of the Kentucky rifle barrel Creek, opposite the center of Sand Is- Salisburys' Two Captains West'' as a made the gun heavy and cumbersome, land (see map). Since the water is nor- guide should be warned that their lo- and almost impossible to reload while mally high in April, there would have cation of the Wahclellah village (page riding horseback. It is concluded that been a channel between the south 140) is incorrect. We live on the prop- some of the men of the Expedition [Oregon] shore and the [Sand] island. erty where the Salisburys' describe more than likely carried other models Providing, of course, the island was " . . .four lodge pits still clearly visible of guns which were their personal there in 1806. Clark shows no island and Indian pictographs on a rock... " property, and these were not specifi­ on his map! _ really a petroglyph - can be seen, cally mentioned in the journals. and have spent many pleasant hours On April 9th, the Corps of Discovery searching out and authenticating 2. Thwaites; Original Journal;; .. ., Vol. 2, " ...depart ed at 7 A.M. and proceeded Lewis and Clark sites and landmarks p. 363. on to the Camp of Reubin and Joseph on the banks of the great Columbia 19 3. Detailed information concerning these Fields." (Drouillard had returned to River. rifles appears in Hult, Ruby El; Guns of the the main camp with some Wahclellah Lewis and Clarh Expedition, Washington Indians to report that there was no H . Thwaites, up. cit.. Vol. 4, p. 261. State Historical Society, Tacoma, 1960. game.) The party did not halt, but 2:1. Salisburv. Albcrl and .JanP; T11•u Captain' Today, Harpers Ferry is a National Park proceeded on to the W ahclella village West, Supet:ior Publishing Co., Seattle, 1950, p. Service National Historic Parh, located in where they had breakfast. 140. the states of Maryland and West Virginia, at the confluence of the Shenandoah and It is nearly opposite this village that Potomac Rivers, about sixty miles north­ Captain Clark shows on his map the Guns Of Expedition west of Washington, D.C. familiar symbol and the documen­ Subject At Meeting tation: "Camped 7th & 8th April Of Washington Group 1806". This would locate the Expedi­ tion on the present day Oregon shore Viola Forrest, Walla Walla, Washing­ at Milepost 35 on Interstate Highway ton, reports that thirty members and 1-80, in the vicinity of Dodson and friends of the Blue Mountain Chapter about nine miles upstream from Shep­ of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heri­ pards Dell at their April 6-8, 1806 tage Foundation enjoyed a "double campsite. This brings us to the "upper barrel" program on May 15th when end" of the "small bottom above" Dr. Roy M. Chatters,' Pullman, where Drouillard and the Field Washington, and Francis Christiano, brothers were sent to hunt on April Walla Walla appeared on the same 7th. We have no explanation for evening program to tell members Clark's error in locating this campsite. about the guns of the Expedition. The Wahclellah Indian village was A slide lecture by Dr. Chatters depict­ near present Skamania, Washington, ed his ten-yea1· research on the air­ on the north bank of the Columbia gun carried by the exploring party. River, one mile below 840 foot high His search took him to Vienna, Aus­ Beacon Rock.20 The remains of this tria, where he learned that at the time Indian settlement, the largest the of Napoleonic Wars, the air-gun was party saw on the Columbia, can still considered to be a silent, smokeless, be plainly seen. It was here that the short-range, lethal weapon. The air­ exploring party's John Colter recog­ gun carried on the 1804-1806 Expedi­ Foundation members John and Ruth­ nized the tomahawk that the Indians tion was more often used as a display ann Caylor, Boise, Idaho, journeyed had stolen from them when they were and demonstration novelty which the to Seaside, Oregon, for the Salt Cairn just below Vancouver, Washington, Indians, as Captain Lewis says, found Property Transfer Ceremony, the so " . .. perfectly incomprehensible luncheon, and the Sixth Annual 18. Ibid.. Vol.~ . p. 25fJ, text a nd fn. l. that they immediately denominated it Washington-Oregon Lewis and Clark 19. Ibid.. Vol. 4, p. 258. 1. For biographical information concerning Symposium. Dr. Caylor is professor of Dr. Chatters, and his varied interests in the history at Boise State University, and 20. Soe WPO. Vol. 4, No. 2, illustration, p. l. See has served the national Foundation also WPO P11blicatiu11 Nu. -1 ••July 19i8, "Beacon Lewis and Clark Expedition, see WPO, Vol. Rock On The Columbia: Legends a ncl Traditions 2, No. 2, pp. 9-10; Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 4-6; as a director. Photograph by Fritzi of n Famous Landmark". By Henr~· .J. Biddle. and Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 12. Chuinard. -10- We Proceeded On, July 1979 Book Review indecision for nine days as to t he loca­ Up-dating Lewis & Clark tion of the falls while at the mouth In Recent Periodicals By Irving W. Anderson1 of the Marias River; promoting a clandestine, fervent romance between There are two ru:ticles of interest in the Summer Issue (Vol. 4, No. 1) of Sacajawea, by Anna Lee Waldo. Sacagawea and Captain Clark; de­ scribing Pacific Ocean tidal influence, " ... a squaw! of wind ...", the quar­ Avon Books, N.Y., 1979, 1359 pages, terly publication of t h e Valley bibliography, $8.95. Published in and t he harvesting of abalone by Sa­ caga wea in present-day Idaho's County (Montana) Lewis and Clark paperback. The publisher states: "Sa­ Trail Society. cajawea is an original publication of Clear water River, more th an 400 Avon Books. This work has never ap­ miles from th e ocean ; attributing Society member Myrtle Burke relates peared in book form." quotes to Captain Lewis while at the story of an episode involving a Pompey's Tower [Pillar], a landmark grizzly bear in June 1904 in the It is hard to believe, but still another visited only by Captain Clark's de­ fable perpetuating the world of fan­ Timber Creek area of northeastern tachment during its exploration of the Montana, with a similar encounter al­ tasy surrounding the Indian woman Yellowstone River on the return jour­ member of the Lewis and Clark Expe­ most a hundred years earlier, in t he ney in 1806; and scores of other erro­ same area, when the Expedition's dition has surfaced in the apocryphal neous statements, including the myth realm of paperback journalism. As ad­ journals indicate that six "good hunt­ of Sacagawea's later life and death in ers" set out on May 14, 1805 to kill ver tised by the publisher, the book is Wyoming, together with other conjec­ implied to be a historical novel. We a grizzly and nearly lost their lives. tured fantasies that disqualify the Of special interest, the author relates, Proceeded On readers are cautioned, book as even approaching the level of however, that this book is utter fic­ is artist Charles M. Russell's oil paint­ an historical novel, which ought t o ing of the 1904 encounter, which he tion, and actually so distorts docu­ hew as closely as possible to facts. mented facts con cerning persons, did after hearing the story from one places and events of the Expedition, To this reviewer, Waldo's Sacajawea of the participants. Russell's painting t hat it poses a serious negative has no redeeming literary or historical dated 1916, is titled "Loops and Swift intrusion upon the integrity of U. S. value and is unworthy of acquisition Horses are Surer T han Lead'', and the history. Readers should not be misled by school or public libraries, or even painting is reproduced in black and by the author's cosmetic attempt to the most casual Western Americana white on page four of the publication. legitimize her volume by the sound bibliophile. Charles M. Russell's oil painting historical works listed in her bibliog­ "York Among the Mandans" is repro­ raphy, nor by the many verbatim The officers, directors and duced in black and white on page two, quotes she has utilized to preface each members of the Foundation ac­ together with the essay " York - chapter of her book. knowledge with gratitude the Black Man In The West", by Nola Even novice Lewis and Clark Expedi­ one hundred dollar memorial Gerth. Miss Gerth is a 1979 graduate tion enthusiasts will react in disbelief tendered the Foundation by of Glasgow High School, and her at Waldo's wide-ranging imagination. Mrs. George A. (Leah E.) Guins essay, which relates York's contribu­ Prime examples of her writer's license in "Memory of George A. tions to the exploring enterprise and include portraying York as midwife to Guins". George Guins, a resi­ his activities following the return of Sacagawea during the birth of her dent of Portland, Oregon had the Expedition, was an entry in the son, Jean Bapt iste Charbonneau; maintained a membership in the Foundation's recent Youth Activity depicting Sacagawea pointing out the Foundation since 1974, and a Essay Contest for junior/ senior high correct route to the Great Falls of the "Sustaining" membership since school students in northeastern Mon­ Missouri River which she had never 1976. He passed away May 13, tana. Her essay earned for her runner­ seen,2 while the Captains labored in 1979, at age 72. up recognition in the contest. Editor of the high school's newspaper (1978- 1. A resident of Portland, Oregon, First vice Born in Vladivostok, Russia, 1979), she is presently in Costa Rica president and secretary of the Foundation, Mr. Guins was educated at the as the American Field Service Ex­ member of the Oregon Lewis and Clark Russian Naval Academy, and in change Student. This fall Nola plans Trail Committee, and past president of the this country at the University to attend college and major in jour­ Oregon Lewis and Clark Heritage Founda­ of Puget Sound, Oregon State nalism. tion. See his: "J. B. Charbonneau, Son of Sacajawea", in Oregon Historical Quarter­ College, and Stanford Universi­ ly, September 1970; "Sacajawea's ty. He was a professional con­ ••• Papoose", in Our Public Lands, Winter sulting engineer and naval ar­ "Lewis and Clark's Fabulous Jour­ 1971; "He Rests at the E nd of the Trail", chitect practicing in Por tland ney" is the title of an aTticle by Rob­ in our Public Lands, Spring 1972; "Probing and the Pacific Northwest. He ert G. Voelker in the NRTA (National the Riddle of the Bird Woman", in Mon­ had a great devotion for hjs R etired Teachers Assoc.) JOURNAL, tana, the Magazine of Western History, Oc­ adopted country and a keen in­ tober 1973; "Fort Manuel: Its Historical Vol. XXX, Issue No. 149, May-June terest in the history and devel­ 1979. Significance", in South Dakota History, opment of the United States. Spring 1976; "Sacajawea, Sacagawea, Sa­ Thus his interest in the Founda­ Voelker, one of several editors for the kakawea?", in South Dakota History, Fall periodical has written a brief account 1978. See also WPO, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 10-11. tion. It was the editor's pleasure to have had many a pleasant of the famous Expedition, but not 2. See We Proceeded On, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. luncheon with George - usually without some factual omissions and 6-8, "The Abduction of Sacagawea", by misconceptions. He indicates that the Bob Saindon. Saindon's treatise provides going over the page proofs for a evidence that Sacagawea traversed the Yel­ forth-coming issue of We Pro­ Missouri River is smaller than the lowstone River to the Mandan Country ceeded On. He would always M arias River , and his appar ent (present North Dakota) when abducted by begin the conversation with the misreading of the journals has Cap- her captors about five years prior to her interogation: "What are you (Continued on page 12) joining the Expedition, and therefore, had writing about for the n ext never been on the Missouri River between issue?" the mouth of the Yellowstone and the Three Forks! =fM We Proceeded On, July 1979 -11- - (Continued from p. 11) Blackfeet Indians in July 1806.'1 this is "First of an occasional series spot-lighting events and people that t ain Clark, rather than Captain Five beautiful color photographs helped make America." The periodical Lewis, with a party of four' preceding the magazine's cover and one other is published bi-monthly for Associa­ the main party, and observing the are credited to Ed Cooper - augment tion members. However, this issue "sublime spectacle" of the Great Falls the text, and depict scenes along the may be available separately at a nom­ of the Missouri on June 13, 1805. Trail. inal charge. Make inquiry to NRTA , There is no mention of Lewis's side­ A post-script to the article states tha t 1909 "K" St. N.W., Washington, D.C. exploration, with three men," of the 20049. Marias River and its tributaries, and the unfortunate skirmish with the 3. An event considered to be of importance Up-Dating Lewis & Clark by historians who tend to agree tha t this Literature skirmish, which resulted in the death of one Readers who have been on the search or maybe two Indians, had considerable ef­ 1. Drouillard, Gibson, J. Field, and Good- in new and used booksellers establish­ 1i.ch. fect on the relationship of ll)dians with the men of the fur trade and the nation's west­ ments for the popular three volume 2. Drouillard, J. Field, and R. Field. ward expansion in the years that followed. (Continued on page 16)

MAP OF EASTERN MONTANA SHOWING - GLASGOW, VALLEY COUNTY, MONTANA, LOCALE FOR THE FOUNDATIONS llTH ANNUAL MEETING - FORT PECK LAKE - MISSOURI & YELLOWSTONE RIVERS

-12- W e Proceeded On, J uly 1979 bonus we fi nd a t the probable location the north and east, had crossed the "Three Solitary Trees" of the camp, three large and venerable Continental Divide, at present day Lose A Limb, But Survive cottonwoods. Is it possible that they are Lewis and Clark Pass, and had fo l­ Another Winter the "three solitary trees" described by lowed t he Sun (their "Medicine") Lewis under which his party and the Indi­ River downstream to its confluence a ns camped?' with the Missouri just upstream from Past President Wilbur P. Werner, Cut Paul Russell Cutrigh t visited this Bank, Montana, in a letter to the edi­ the Great Falls. He and his party of place in 1965' and in his volume nine arrived at the Great Falls of the tor, reports o n a recent visit and Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Natu­ inspection trip to the Expedition's Missouri on July 13, 1806. Lewis was ralists-' m akes this obser vation: preparing, on July 15th, fo r the side Two Medicine River Fight Site' some And righ t now, more than a century and 14 direct line miles and about 22 miles a half later, we found that we were stand­ exploration he was to make wi th by road and trail in a southwest erly ing, incredibly, in the shade of three nar­ Drouillard and the Field brothers to direction from Cut Bank. row-leaved cottonwood trees! fo llow and determine t he sources of the Marias River. During the after­ As Wilbur says: The three cottonwoods lifting their shin­ noon on this date, Hugh McNeal was I think that it can truly be said that this ey-leaf ed crowns to the sun am indeed missing from their camp with one of site is probably the most untouched and venerable. Close examination reveals inaccessible place in a ll the nearly 8000 them to be wind-shaken and rotten at the the horses that Lewis intended to take miles of the Lewis a nd Clark Trail. Other core, the latter condition preclurung any with him on the Marias exploration. than the "Three Solitary Trees" gradual­ possibility of determining their age by Captain Lewis tells us of McNeal's ly deprecia ting with age, certainly the bo1i ngs. It may be too much to conclude near disaster - what follows is from surrounding terrain must be the same as that these are the same identical trees his journa l for this date:' when Captain Lewis and his three com­ that gave shelter to Lewis, though t he co­ A little before dark McNeal returned panions were there 173 years ago. It is incidence - if it is a coincidence - is most with his musquet broken at the breach, such a remote area that it has not been remarkable. But everything else in this and informed me that on his an ival at vandalized or defaced by man. I love to remote, picturnsq ue valley is remark­ willow tun [on the portage]' he had ap­ go down there - it is such a wild and able.• proached a white (grizzly] bear within ten beautiful place, and everything should re­ Since Helen West and Paul Cutright feet without discover[ing) him the bear main as it is for a long, long time. made the above observations, Wilbur being in the thick brush, the horse took Werner advises that U.S. Forest Serv­ the ala1m and turning threw him immedi­ ice tree specialists have visited the ately under the bear; this a nimal raised himself on his hind feet for battle, and area. While the three trees in question gave him [McNeal] time to recover from did not provide evidence of age, when his fall which he did in a n instant a nd bored due t o their rotten cores, as ob­ wit h his clubbed musquet he struck the ser ved by Cutright, similar cotton­ bear over the head and cut him with the woods of the same size, a nd in this vi­ guard of the gun and broke off the breach, cinity, revealed, when bored, ring the bear stunned with the stroke fell to systems to indicate a life in excess of the ground and began to scratch his head three hundred years. We may make with his feet; this gave McNeal time to the observation that this region is climb a willow tree which was near at ha nd and thus made his escape. T he bear subjected to long, cold winters, which waited at the foot of the tree until late in addition to making for a limited in the evening before he left him, when growing season, also provides for less McNeal vent ured down and caught his depreciating activity by insects, tree horse which had by this ti me strayed off diseases and fungi. F ur ther, it is well to the distance of 2 Ms a nd returned to e'I.; Photo by Tony Mitch to consider, that had the trees ob­ camp. These bear are a most tremendous served in 1806 in the center of this animal; it seems that the hand of provi­ Wilbur's comment concerning the de­ bottomland perished and disappeared, dence has been most wonderfully in our preciation of the t hree trees should the three trees we find here now could favor wit h 1-ispect to them, or some of us not be taken light ly since he repor ts would long since have fallen a sacrifice not have attained their present size! that during the past winter one of the to their farosity. larger limbs on one of the trees had 3. Ibid, p. 13. The following day Lewis, Drouillard, broken off (see photograph of Wilbur and the Field brothers proceeded to inspecting this regrettable damage). 4. Dr. Cutright was accompanied by his late the north and west on their reconnais­ brother, Dr. C. R. Cutright, Wooster, Ohio, and sance to the headwaters of the Marias T here h as been speculation as t o Helen B. West and Robert H. Ancl e1-son, Cut Bank, Montana. River a nd to their "Camp Disappoint­ whether or not these are the same cot­ ment", the most nor t hern point tonwood trees described by Captain 5. Published by University or Illinois Press, Ur­ reached by members of the Expedi­ Lewis in his journal. bana, 1969. tion. If McNeal's gun was repairable, In 1964, Helen B. West in her treatise 6. Ibid. pp. 320-321. he would have to wait until this seg­ tit led Meriwether Lewis in Blackfeet men t of the exploring party was Country" graphically identifies the site A Bear Story - McNe al united with Captain Clark's party. as authentic and further adds: Escapes A Grizzly J ohn Shields, the E xpedition's gun­ As an additional and scarcely believable smith was with Clark descending the T he date was Tuesday, July 15, 1806. Yellowstone and would not be avail­ 1. It was at this place on July 26-27, 1806, that able until the entire party were all to­ Lewis, Drouillard, Reuben and Joseph Field, T he homeward bound ex pedition had while on a side-exploration of the Marias River divided forces at "Traveler's Rest", in gether again below the confl uence of and its tributaries, were involved in the skirmish the Bitterroot Valley, a few miles t he Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers. with a party of Blackfeet Indians. See the south of today's Missoula, Montana. 1. Thwaites, Reuben G. (Editor); Original Jo 11r- Thwaites Journals ..., Vol. 5, pp. 219-223. See Captain Clark was on the way to the 11als of the Lewis and Clar/1 Expedition, Dodd, also WPO, Vol. l, No. 2, p. 4; Vol. I, No. 4, pp. Mead & Co., N.Y., 1904, Vol. 5, pp 203-204. 10- 11 - text and map. headwaters of the Yellowstone River, to descend that river, and meet Cap­ 2. Thwaites in Vol. I , p. 11 , fn. 1, says:" . . . those 2. Published by the U.S. D ept. of Interior, (words] set in Italics enclosed in brachets, are in Bureau of Indian Affaii-s, Black.feet Agency, Mu­ tain Lewis at its confluence wit h the black ink and by several pei-sons - Clark, Coues, seum of the Plains Indians, Brnwning, MT, 1964. Missouri. Captain Lewis, traveling to or an unknown hand .. ."

We Proceeded On, J uly 1979 -13- John Shields: Lewis and Clark's Handyman Gunsmith Blacksmith - General Mechanic - For The Expedition

By Robert E. Lange1

".. .visited by many natives who brought a considerable quantity of corn in payment for the work which the black­ smith had done for them." Captain Clark, February 5, 1805. 2 " ... but for the precaution taken in bringing on these extra wcks, and parts of locks, in addition to the ingenuity of John Shields, most of our guns would at this moment [have] been entirely unfit for use; but fortunately for us . .. they are all in good working order." Captain Lewis, March 20, 1806.3

"John Shields cut out my rifle & brought hir to shoot very well. The party owes much to the injinuity of this man, by whome their guns are repaired when they get out of order which is very often." Captain Clark, April 8, 1806. 4

Charles G. Clarke, in his Men of the firearms in good working order, and iron battle-ax for him. Shields obliged, Lewis and Clark Expedition,5 provides probably formed their rounds of am­ with the result that he and his helpers a brief biographical sketch on Private munition by melting the lead from the soon had a rash of requests for these for­ John Shields, and says that Shields cannisters which contained their gun midable weapons. They had a zest for was "born in 1769 near Harrisonberg, powder. their work, however, since they were Augusta County, Virginia. Being aged rewarded by watching their stockpile of Captain Clark's journal kept during Indian corn grow larger and larger. So, thirty-five, when he joined the explor­ the winter at Fort Mandan" provides due to the hardihood of the hunters and ing party in 1804, he appears to be the the industry of Shields, Bratton, and Wil­ oldest man of the round-trip party." this information: The blacksmiths take a considerable lard, the explorers had plenty of food and Captain Clark was born in 1770, Ser­ quantity of corn today in payment for good variety thrnughout the winter ... 11 geant Gass in 1771, and Captain Lewis their labour. The Blacksmith's [sic] have in 1774, and there were several proved a happy reso[r)ce to us in our Shield's other contributions to the members of the party born between present situation as I believe it would success of the enterprise are many and 1771and1774. Despite the statements have been difficult to have devised any varied. other method to have procured corn from made by the Captains, when recruiting When George Shannon was lost along men for the enterprise, that they the natives ... I permitted the black­ smith to dispose of part of a sheet iron the lower Missouri River from August would consider only unmarried men, 27 to September 11, 1804, it was John Charles Clarke's biographical data in­ callaboos (camboose, stove)' which had been nearly birnt out on our passage up Shields along with Joseph Field who dicates that Shields married in about the river, and for each piece about fo ur were assigned by the commanders to 1790, while living in K entucky, and inches squru·e he obtained from seven to sear ch for him.12 The journals do not that he and his wife Nancy had a eight gallons orcorn from the natives who document that they found him, but daughter, Janette. appeared extreemly pleased with the ex­ rather indicate that Shannon, think­ change.• The Captains referred to him as one ing that he was behind the main party Clark further explained that this ma­ of the" .. . nine young men from Ken- and the vessels on the river, had hur­ terial was used for making instru­ tucky .. .", and he served the enterprise ried on ahead of them, thus increasing ments to scrape hides, and for forming as an enlisted man from October 19, the distance each day until he ran out arrow points. 1803, until October 10, 1806. of ammunition. When Shields and J. Both Olin Wheeler9 and Paul Cut­ Field caught up with him, if they were This man has been most often referred right•0 make the observation that the ones that did, he was near starva­ to as the blacksmith, gunsmith, or William Bratton and Alexander Wil­ tion and exhaustion.'' general mechanic, of the Expedition's i lard, in addition to John Shields, were personnel. Like Sergeant Gass, who Lewis's journal for May 20, 1805, cred­ blacksmiths. Cutright comments: specialized, among other things as a its Shields with the discovery of a carpenter, it was Shields, who the When repair work lagged, an imaginative " .. . bould spring or fountain issue­ Captains extol as the man who impro­ brave saved the day by conceiving the ing from the foot of the Lard. vised from what little metallic prod­ idea that Shield's artistry could make an hills... about five miles below the en­ ucts they carried with them; kept the trance of the Yellowstone River." ·Lewis commented further, that this 6. Near present day Washburn, North Da­ kota. was a significant discovery, since most 1. Fifth President of the Foundation, Edi­ of the springs they had encountered tor of WPO. 7. The galley stove in one of the pirogues. in this region " . . .w ithout exception Thwaites' footnote reads : "This is an un­ are impregnated with the salts [min­ 2. Thwaites, R. G. (Editor), Original Jour· usual form of caboose, from the Dutch mar­ erals] which abound in this iners' name of a cook's galley." nals of the Lewis and Clarh Expedition, country . .." 14 Dodd, Mead & Co. N. Y., 1904. Vol. 1, p. 8. Thwaites, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 255. 254. (continued on facing page) 3. Ibid., Vol. 4, p. 193. 9. Wheeler, Olin D., The Trail of Lewis and Cl.ark - 1804-1904, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 11. Ibid., p. 112 4. Ibid., Vol. 4, p. 257. N.Y., 1904, Vol. p. 118. 12. Thwaites, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 125 5. Clarke, Charles G., Men of the Lewis and 10 Cutright, Paul R., Lewis and Clark 13. Ibid. Vol. 1, p. 145. Clark Expedition, Arthur H. Clark, Glen­ Pioneering Naturalists, Univ. Illinois Press, dale, CA, 1970. Pages 53-54. Urbana, 1969, p. 112. 14. Ibid., Vol. 2, p. 52.

-14- We Proceeded On, July 1979 (continued from facing page) John Shields was involved in William stripped naked was seated under the orn­ Bratton's recovery from a prolonged ing in the hole and the blankets well se­ Once Shields had completed his gun­ illness that began in February 1806 cured on every side. the patient was fur­ smith and blacksmith duties and had nished with a vessell of water which he while he was working as one of the sprinkles on the bottom and sides of the all the guns in good working order, he saltmakers at the Expedition's Salt apparently spent a good deal of his hole and by that means creates as much Works on t he ocean shore'" west and steam or vapor as he could possibly time using the firearms as a hunter. south of their Fort Clatsop winter bear... 21 The T hwaites Index (Vol. 8) lists establishment, which they occupied Lewis's journal adds that Bratton was nearly seventy references to his activ­ from December 1805 until Ma1·ch 1806. subjected to the steam and vapor for ity as a hunter, and the much briefer Bratton's sufferings are described by about twenty minutes; then taken Sergeant Ordway journal15 lists seven Lewis in his journal for March 21, out of the hole and plunged twice in instances related to Shield's hunting 1806: cold water (probably the Clearwater accomplishments. River); a nd th en returned to the .. .Bratto n is now so much reduced that sweat hole and steam treatment for In early August 1805, near Lemhi I am somewhat uneasy with rispect to his Pass, 16 Shields was in the advanced recovery; the pain of which he complains another t hree quarters of an hour; be­ party with Captain Lewis, Drouillard most seems to be seated in the small of fore being removed and wrapped in (Drewyer), and McNeal, who were his back and remains obstinate. I believe several blankets and allowed to cool well ahead of the main party. T heir that it is the rheumatism ... 19 gradually. T he Captain adds that dur­ purpose was to make contact with the In fact his sickness was so acute that ing the treatment Bratton was given Snake or Shoshone Indians. Having when the exploring party departed "copius draughts" of a strong tea of reached the headwaters of the Mis­ Fort Clatsop on March 23, 1806, for horse mint. Shields is credited with som; and its tributaries, the main the return journey, Brat ton was un­ this added therapy, and indicated to par ty would soon be abandoning trav­ able to walk and traveled in one of Lewis that he had seen a concoction el on the waterways, would cache their the canoes. When the party reached of "Sinneca snake root" used when canoes, and continue their jomney the " Great Falls" of the Columbia mint was not available. 22 Much to overland. Lewis hoped that fi nding River near today's city of The Dalles, everyones' delight, and certainly to friendly India ns would provide a Oregon, and gave up the use of canoes Shield's credit, the journal reports: source for horses. When they did fi­ in favor of horses obtained from local ...this experiment was made yesterday; nally see, and attempted to make con­ Bratton feels himself much better and is Indians, Bratton, still incapacit ated, walking about today and says he is nearly tact wit h, an Indian, it was Shields was the only man who rode horse­ free from pain.23 who probably did not see Lewis's sig­ back. All others were afoot because of We do not have detailed infor mation nal to stop advancing, and by failing the scarcity of horses. Lewis st ates : concerning John Shields after the Ex­ to halt, frightened the Indian so that I found that I should get no more horses pedition returned to St. Louis. His he retreated. Lewis's journal reveals: and t herefore resolved to proceed tomor­ discharge from the military is dated ...but looking over his sholder he still row morning... for this purpose I had a kept his eye on Drewyer and Shields who load made up for seven horses, the eigth October 10, 1806. He received his pay were still advancing neither of them hav­ Bratton was compelled to ride as he was plus a warrant for land in Franklin ing the sagacity enough to recollect of yet unable to walk.20 County, Missouri. Charles G. Clarke impropriety of advancing when they saw Thirty days later, when the Expedi­ indicates that he spent a year trap- me thus in parley with the Indian ...but tion reached their "Camp Chopun­ (continued on page 16) he did not remain until I got nearer than nish" in the vicinity of present day about 100 paces when he suddenly turned Kamiah, Idaho, Bratton was still an 21. IbU:l., Vol. 5, pp. 60-61. his ho[r]se about, gave him the whip invalid, and was still on horseback. leaped a creek and disappeared in the 22. Ruth Hill Strong (see WPO, Vol. 4, No. willow brush in an instant and with him It was at "Camp Chopunnish", while 2, pp. 4-6), a friendly and informed source vanished all my hopes of obtaining horses t he party waited for nearly a month to tum to with reference to the flora ob­ served and documented by the Expedition, for the present. I now felt quite as much for the snow to melt in the higher ele­ mortification and disappointment as I provides this information: "I think that it had pleasure and expectation at the fi rst vations before setting out for the tra­ must have been Polygala senega, Senega sight of this Indian. I fe[l]t soarly cha­ verse of the Lolo Trail and the Bitter­ Snake Root, that Shields knew about and grined at the conduct of the men particu­ root Mountins, that John Shields described to Captain Lewis. However, what larly Shields to whom I principally at­ suggested the treatment that would is more intriguing to me is the identification tributed this failure in obtaining an eventually effect a cure for Bratton's of the plant they used as a substitute, and introduction to the natives. I now called illness. Lewis details the procedure refened to as 'horse mint'." Ruth Strong the men to me and could not forbare as fo llows: is inclined to think that Piper's guess, Lo­ abraiding them a little for their want to John Shields observed that he had seen phanthus urticaefolius, in Thwaites (Vol. 5, attention and imprudence on this occa­ men in a similar situation restored by vio­ p. 61, fn. 1) is not conect, but that more sion." lent sweat.s. Bratton requested that he likely the plant used was Scutellaria angus­ After an incident such as this, today's might be sweated in the manner proposed tifolia described in 1814 by Pursh (see refer­ soldier would remark that he had just by Shields to which we consented. Shields ence to Pursh in Cutright's "Well Traveled been "chewed out" by his commanding sunk a circular hole- of 3 feet diamiter Plants of Lewis and Clark", in WPO, Vol. officer! and four feet deep in the earth. He kin­ 4, No. 1 pp. 6-9) as having been collected dled a fire in the hole and heated well, by Lewis "on the Kooskooskee [present day 15. Quaife, Milo M., (Editor), The Journals after which the fire was taken out [and] Clearwater River], June 5, 1806," The date of Captain Meriwether Lewis and Sergeant a seat placed in the center of the hole indicates this to be in the vicinity of the John Ordway, State Historical Society of for the patient with a board at the bot­ Expedition's "Camp Chopunnish" near Wisconsin, Madison, 1916, p. 437. tom for his feet to rest on; some hoops today's Kamiah, Idaho. Paul Cutright , in of willow poles were bent in an arch cross­ his Lewis and Clark: Pwneering Natural­ 16. On the Continental Divide Montana­ ing each other over the hole, on these sev­ ists, page 41, refers to this plant as "Nar­ Idaho state line, near D illon, Beaverhead eral Blankets were thrown forming a se­ row-Leaved Skullcap", which is another County, Montana; and Tendoy, Lemhi cure and thick orning [awning] of about name for mint. As Ruth Strong says: "To County, Idaho. The elevation of Lemhi 3 feet high. The patient [Bratton] being me the date is provacative: a specimen of Pass is 7373 feet above sea level. th e mint family gathered at " Camp Chopunnish" within ten days of Bratton's 17. Thwaites, op. cit., Vol. 2, pp. 330-331. 19. Thwaites, op. cit. Vol. 4, p. 195. sweat bath treatment. Could this be their 18. In Seaside, Clatsop County, Oregon. 20. Ibid., Vol. 4, p. 304. 'horse mint'?"

We Proceeded On, July 1979 -15- (continued from page 15) who accompanied him, which he for­ (Dover - can't from p. 12) warded to the Secretary of War, Dover Publications reprint edition of ping with Daniel Boone in Missouri Henry Dearborn, on January 15, 1807. the Elliott Coues History of the Expe­ and Indiana, and that he died in De­ This was an unusual request, and the dition Under the Command of Lewis cember 1809, and was probably buried only instance of such a request in and Clark, should be advised that this in "Little Flock Baptist Burying Lewis's remarks to the Secretary of publisher has made a new reprinting Grounds" near Corydon, Harrison War concerning the men of his com­ of this work. County, Indiana. His wife Nancy sur­ mand. Lewis wrote: vived him, and John Tipton, who mar­ John Sheilds [Lewis reveraed the i and The original 1893 edition (three vol­ ried his daughter Janette, served as an umes and Index/ Atlas) by Dr. Elliott executor of his wilJ.2• e]. Has received the pay only of a private. Nothing was more peculiarly useful to us, Coues and published by Francis P. Dr. Coues indicates that the Captains in various situations, than the skill and Harper was in a limited edition of ingenuity of this man as an artist. in 1 named two streams for John Shields. only 1000 copies and was rapidly repairing our guns, accoutrements, &c. dispersed among bibliophiles by the One a branch of the Missouri, which and should it be thought proper to allow flows in a northwesterly direction into turn of the century. The original edi­ him something as an artificer, he has well tion is now classified as "rare" by the south side of the Missouri a few deserved it. 27 booksellers. miles below the Great Falls. Today's Unfortunately, we find no record in cartography indicates this waterway any of the literature and documen­ Dover Publications undertook the to be Highwood Creek.25 The other tation of the Expedition that the Sec­ project of a reprint edition in 1965 in stream is a tributary of the Yellow­ retary of War took any action in three volumes' and several printings stone River. Shields was in Captain response to Captain Lewis's request . fo llowed. The reprint publication was Clark's party on the return journey in soft cover (paperback) and was across today's Bozeman Pass from the 26. Ibid., Vol. 3, pp. 1132, 1136-ll37, text nicely bound (a characteristic of Three Forks of the Missouri, and and footnote 22. Dover's publications). Lewis and eventually to the descent of the Yel­ Clark and western Americana stu­ 27. Jackson, Donald (Editor), Letters of the lowstone to its confluence with the Lewis and Clark Expedition, with Related dents eagerly added the tluee volumes Missouri. Captain Clark gave the Documents, 1783-1854, Univ. Illinois Press, to their libraries. The set of three vol­ name of Shields River to the first Urbana, 1962, p. 367. umes retailed at booksellers, first at principal tributary which flows south­ $6.25, and later at $9.00. By 1973-1974, ward from out of the Crazy Horse Back-Issues of WPO except for retail inventories, the pub­ Mountains. This stream is just east lishers inventory was depleted. of the Bozeman Pass divide and flows Occasionally we have requests into the Yellowstone River near Li­ fo r back issues of our publica­ At the 1974 (Seaside, Oregon) Sixth vingston, Montana. Modern maps in­ tion. Only a limited number of Annual Meeting of the Foundation, a dicate this to be Shields River, in Park each issue is printed over and resolution was directed to Dover Pub­ County, Montana, and the waterway above the quantity required for lications detailing the value of the re­ remains a lasting tribute to this im­ our membership mailings. Since print edition and urging them to un­ portant member of the great explora­ our prlnting and mailing costs dertake another printing. tion.26. amount to about $1.40 each Now, in 1979, we may report that copy, back-issues, when avail­ Dover Publications is again market­ A final accolade to John Shields' con­ able, will be supplied at $1.50 tributions to the success of the enter­ ing through booksellers the three vol­ each to Foundation members, ume soft cover (same format) Coues prise appears in Captain Lewis's letter and $2.00 each to non-members. and enclosure of the roster of men reprint edition. Selling price is $15.00 Address inquiries to the WPO for the set of three volumes. 23. Thwaites, op. cit. Vol. 5, p. 61. Business Manager, the Editor, or to the Foundation's Secre­ 24. Clarke, op. cit., pp. 53-54 tary. Addresses are listed in the 1. Of the 1000 copies, two hundred were on large handmade paper. 25. Coues, Elliott (Editor), History of the "Publisher's Plate'' on page 2. Expedition Under the Command of Lewis Your check or money-order 2. The illustrations, tables, maps, and Index and Clark .. ., Francis P. Harper, N.Y., should be made out to t he incorporated in the small fourth Volume of 1893. Vol. 2, pp. 375-376, text and footnote Foundation. the 1893 Harper edition were included in the 29. three volumes of the Dover reprint.

THE FOUNDATION NEEDS THE CONTINUED INTEREST AND ENCOURAGEMENT OF LEWIS AND CLARK ENTHUSIASTS ON A NATION-WIDE BASIS. WE HOPE, IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY A MEMBER, THAT YOU WILL CONSIDER LENDING YOUR SUPPORT TO THE FOUNDATION. IF YOU REQUIRE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, A PROSPECTUS DESCRIBING THE FOUNDATION, TOGETHER WITH A MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION, WILL BE FORWARDED PROMPTLY. ADDRESS YOUR REQUEST TO THE SECRETARY, IRVING W. ANDERSON, P.O. BOX LC196, LEWIS AND CLARK COLLEGE, PORTLAND, OREGON 97219.

WE PROCEEDED ON derives from the phrase which appears repeatedly in the collective journals of the Expedition; - "this TTIJ)rning we set out early and proceeded on ..." Capt. Meriwether Lewis, July 19, 1805. " ... wind from the S. W. we proceeded on ... until 6 oCwck ... " Capt. William Clark, May 14, 1805. " ... the fog rose thick from the hollars we proceeded on ... " Sgt. John Ordway, June 29, 1806. "We proceeded on with four men in front to cut some bushes ... " Sgt. Patrick Gass, June 18, 1806. 'We set out early proceeded on past a Island on the S. Side. .. " Sgt. Charles Floyd, June 26, 1804. ". . . clouded up . . . We proceeded on under a fine breeze ... " Pvt. Joseph Whitehouse, October 10, 1805.

-16- We Proceeded On, July 1979