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Burundi Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment (Etoa)

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Burundi Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment (Etoa) BURUNDI ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT (ETOA) September 2010 This report was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It was prepared by the USDA Forest Service International Programs. BURUNDI ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT (ETOA) Prepared by: James Beck, Geoffroy Citegetse, Jason Ko, and Skye Sieber September 2010 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report would not have been possible without the support of USAID (Washington, East Africa, and Burundi Offices). Tim Resch of USAID/SD provided important background information; James Anderson and the USAID/Burundi staff (Donatien Ntakarutimana, Alice Nibitanga, Audace Mpoziriniga, and Seconde Nizigiyimana) were of great assistance, facilitating our introduction to the country, USAID programs, and relevant partners. The representatives of the Government of Burundi (most notably the staff of the Ministry of Water, Environment, Land Management and Urban Planning or MEEATU) were the most gracious hosts, providing us with important documents, crucial background, and invaluable personal knowledge of the land and resources they are entrusted to manage. From the Directors General (DG) to the field technicians, we were welcomed with open arms and an interest and passion for sustainable natural resource management that was unmistakable. Of particular note were Director (Dir) Aloys Rurantije of the Geographic Institute of Burundi; DG Adelin Ntungumburanye, Leonidas Nzigiyimpa, Evariste Mbonimpa, and Jonathan Hatungimana of the National Institute for the Environment and Nature Conservation; DG Damien Macumi of Amenagement Territoire, DG Antoinette Macumi and Dir. Bernadette Hakizimana of MEEATU; Dir. Déo Ngendahayo of the National Tourism Office; Dir. Sylvestre Ndonse of the Department of Forests; Dir. Fidel Bashingwa of the Department of Fish and Pisciculture; and Dir. Damien Mbonicura of the Department of Mines. The local and international non-governmental organization and donor community was also of significant assistance. We met with partners from all sectors around the country. They shared their experiences, showed us their accomplishments and challenges, and provided important references documents. We greatly thank all the individuals and organizations listed in Annex 5 for their time and support of our research. We hope that this document will be of use for their programs and projects for the betterment of Burundi. Geoffroy Citegetse, the Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment team Burundian Environmental Specialist, in addition to writing significant sections of the document and following up on research, was our guide and mentor to all things Burundian. He seamlessly set up high level and rural meetings for the team, handled logistical organization, patiently explained any and all issues in a manner that we could understand, and made sure we tried the best Burundian cuisine. He proved himself an environmental expert beyond the details of his CV. Special thanks to our driver, Charles Kantore, who made sure that, in our whirlwind tour of 14 provinces and four dozen meetings, we made it back home safely. Lastly, we would like to thank the team at IRG who took our crude report and made it into a professional product. BURUNDI ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT III TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ······························································································ III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ································································································ 1 RÉSUMÉ EXÉCUTIF ······································································································ 2 1. INTRODUCTION ········································································································· 3 1.1 Purpose ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Methodology and Organization ................................................................................... 3 1.3 Historical/Political/Socio-Economic Context ................................................................ 4 2. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ················································································ 8 2.1 Ministry of Water, Environment, Land Management and Urban Planning .................. 8 2.2 Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock ......................................................................... 10 2.3 Ministry of Energy and Mines .................................................................................... 11 2.4 Ministry of Public Health ............................................................................................ 12 2.5 Bujumbura Mayorship ............................................................................................... 12 2.6 Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Tourism ................................................................... 13 3. FORESTS ················································································································· 14 3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Threats ...................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Sector Gap Analysis .................................................................................................. 18 3.4 Opportunities ............................................................................................................. 19 4. BIODIVERSITY ········································································································· 21 4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 21 4.2 Threats ...................................................................................................................... 22 4.3 Sector Gap Analysis .................................................................................................. 24 4.4 Opportunities ............................................................................................................. 27 5. CLIMATE CHANGE ·································································································· 29 5.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 29 5.2 Threats ...................................................................................................................... 30 5.3 Sector Gap Analysis .................................................................................................. 31 5.4 Opportunities ............................................................................................................. 32 6. FRESHWATER RESOURCES ················································································· 34 6.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 34 6.2 Threats ...................................................................................................................... 36 6.3 Sector Gap Analysis .................................................................................................. 38 6.4 Opportunities ............................................................................................................. 39 7. OTHER LAND USES ································································································ 42 7.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 42 7.2 Threats ...................................................................................................................... 47 7.3 Sector Gap Analysis .................................................................................................. 48 7.4 Opportunities ............................................................................................................. 50 BURUNDI ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT V 8. TRANSBOUNDARY ISSUES ··················································································· 52 8.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 52 8.2 Threats ...................................................................................................................... 52 8.3 Sector Gap Analysis .................................................................................................. 54 8.4 Opportunities ............................................................................................................. 55 9. OPPORTUNITY SYNTHESIS AND ORGANIZATION ·············································· 57 9.1 Intervention Opportunity Summary by Sector ........................................................... 57 9.2 Synthesized and Prioritized Opportunities for Intervention ....................................... 60 ANNEX 1: PROTECTED AREAS ················································································· 65 ANNEX 2: THREATENED SPECIES ············································································
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