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A Phylogenomic Analysis of the Floral Transcriptomes of Sexually Deceptive and Rewarding European Orchids, Ophrys and Gymnadenia
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2019 A phylogenomic analysis of the floral transcriptomes of sexually deceptive and rewarding European orchids, Ophrys and Gymnadenia Pineiro Fernandez, Laura ; Byers, Kelsey J R P ; Cai, Jing ; Sedeek, Khalid E M ; Kellenberger, Roman T ; Russo, Alessia ; Qi, Weihong ; Aquino Fournier, Catharine ; Schlüter, Philipp M Abstract: The orchids (Orchidaceae) constitute one of the largest and most diverse families of flowering plants. They have evolved a great variety of adaptations to achieve pollination by a diverse group of pollinators. Many orchids reward their pollinators, typically with nectar, but the family is also well- known for employing deceptive pollination strategies in which there is no reward for the pollinator, in the most extreme case by mimicking sexual signals of pollinators. In the European flora, two examples of these different pollination strategies are the sexually deceptive genus Ophrys and the rewarding genus Gymnadenia, which differ in their level of pollinator specialization; Ophrys is typically pollinated by pseudo-copulation of males of a single insect species, whilst Gymnadenia attracts a broad range of floral visitors. Here, we present and describe the annotated floral transcriptome of Ophrys iricolor, an Andrena- pollinated representative of the genus Ophrys that is widespread throughout the Aegean. Furthermore, we present additional floral transcriptomes of both sexually deceptive and rewarding orchids, specifi- cally the deceptive Ophrys insectifera, Ophrys aymoninii, and an updated floral transcriptome of Ophrys sphegodes, as well as the floral transcriptomes of the rewarding orchids Gymnadenia conopsea, Gym- nadenia densiflora, Gymnadenia odoratissima, and Gymnadenia rhellicani (syn. -
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The Hardy Orchid Society Newsletter No. 21 July 2001 The Hardy Orchid Society Committee is… President: Richard M Bateman Vice-Presidents: Paul Harcourt Davies and Norman Heywood Chairman: Richard Manuel, Wye View Cottage, Leys Hill, Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, HR9 5QU Secretary: Sarah Marks, 83 Ladysmith, East Gomeldon, Salisbury, Wilts, SP4 6LE Treasurer: Tony Beresford, Pound Farm, Wearne, Langport, Somerset, TA10 0QJ Membership Secretary: Nick Storer, 17 Orchard Close, Lymm, Cheshire, WA13 9HH Show Secretary: Doreen Webster, 25 Highfields Drive, Loughborough, Leics, LE11 3JS Newsletter Editor: Moira Tarrant, Bumby’s, Fox Rd., Mashbury, Chelmsford, CM1 4TJ Meetings Secretary: Colin Clay, 14 Cromwell Place, Lighthorne Heath, Leamington Spa, CV33 9TG Ordinary Member (publicity): Simon Tarrant, Bumby’s, Fox Rd., Mashbury, Chelmsford, CM1 4TJ Ordinary Member (Newsletter Dist.): Bill Temple, Primrose Cottage, Hanney Rd., Ste- venton, Oxon, OX13 6AP Ordinary Member (Seed & Fungus Bank): Ted Weeks, 74 Over Lane, Almondsbury, Bristol, BS32 4BT Co-opted Member (BOC Rep.): Richard Nicol, 1364 Evesham Rd., Astwood Bank, Red- ditch, Worcs, B96 6BD Contents P.3 From the New President, Richard Bateman P.5 Report of the 9th AGM of the Hardy Orchid Society P.7 Publicity Posters, Simon Tarrant P.8 HELP!, Richard Manuel P.8 HOS Plant Show 2001, Tony Hughes P.10 Does DNA reveal All about the Evolution of Terrestrial Orchids? Part 3, Richard Bateman P.14 Getting Started - the Basics of Hardy Orchid Cultivation, Alan Dash P.20 Chemical Warfare, Richard Manuel P.21 AGS Summer South Show - Silver Award, Carol Dash P.22 Seed and Fungus Bank, Ted Weeks Colour Insert between Pages 12 and 13 Cover illustration: Serapias lingua by Carol Dash HOS Newsletter 21, July 2001 From the New President of the HOS Richard Bateman I am of course delighted to accept the Presidency of the Hardy Orchid Society. -
The Diversity of Wild Orchids in the Southern Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Eight Years After the 2010 Eruption
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 9, September 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 4457-4465 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210964 The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption FEBRI YUDA KURNIAWAN1,2,♥, FAUZANA PUTRI2,3, AHMAD SUYOKO2,3, HIMAWAN MASYHURI2,3, MAYA PURQI SULISTIANINGRUM2,3, ENDANG SEMIARTI3,♥♥ 1Postgraduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax. +62-274-544975, email: [email protected] 2Biology Orchid Study Club (BiOSC), Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 3Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-274-580839, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 21 August 2020. Revision accepted: 31 August 2020. Abstract. Kurniawan FY, Putri F, Suyoko A, Masyhuri H, Sulistianingrum MP, Semiarti E. 2020. The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption. Biodiversitas 21: 4457-4465. The ecosystem of the slopes of Mount Merapi is mountain tropical forest which is frequently affected by volcanic activities. The dynamics of the volcano affect the diversity and abundance of orchids in the ecosystem. Tritis is an area included in the Turgo Hill of the southern slope of Mount Merapi and is under the management of Mount Merapi National Park. The ecosystem in Tritis area classified as lower mountain forest and it has been affected by Mount Merapi eruption. This study aimed to do an inventory of orchid species in Tritis to know the diversity and abundance of orchids that exist in this area. -
Eugenol Synthase Genes in Floral Scent Variation in Gymnadenia Species
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Funct Integr Genomics (2014) 14:779–788 DOI 10.1007/s10142-014-0397-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Eugenol synthase genes in floral scent variation in Gymnadenia species Alok K. Gupta & Ines Schauvinhold & Eran Pichersky & Florian P. Schiestl Received: 9 July 2013 /Revised: 7 August 2014 /Accepted: 31 August 2014 /Published online: 20 September 2014 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract Floral signaling, especially through floral scent, is activity in Escherichia coli. While G. odoratissima and often highly complex, and little is known about the molecular Gymnadenia conopsea enzymes were found to catalyze the mechanisms and evolutionary causes of this complexity. In formation of eugenol only, the Gymnadenia densiflora pro- this study, we focused on the evolution of “floral scent genes” teins synthesize eugenol, as well as a smaller amount of and the associated changes in their functions in three closely isoeugenol. Finally, we showed that the eugenol and related orchid species of the genus Gymnadenia.Wedevel- isoeugenol producing gene copies of G. densiflora are evolu- oped a benchmark repertoire of 2,571 expressed sequence tags tionarily derived from the ancestral genes of the other species (ESTs) in Gymnadenia odoratissima. For the functional char- producing only eugenol. The evolutionary switch from pro- acterization and evolutionary analysis, we focused on eugenol duction of one to two compounds evolved under relaxed synthase, as eugenol is a widespread and important scent purifying selection. In conclusion, our study shows the mo- compound. We obtained complete coding complementary lecular bases of eugenol and isoeugenol production and sug- DNAs (cDNAs) of two copies of putative eugenol synthase gests that an evolutionary transition in a single gene can lead genes in each of the three species. -
65 Possibly Lost Orchid Treasure of Bangladesh
J. biodivers. conserv. bioresour. manag. 3(1), 2017 POSSIBLY LOST ORCHID TREASURE OF BANGLADESH AND THEIR ENUMERATION WITH CONSERVATION STATUS Rashid, M. E., M. A. Rahman and M. K. Huda Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh Abstract The study aimed at determining the status of occurrence of the orchid treasure of Bangladesh for providing data for Planning National Conservation Strategy and Development of Conservation Management. 54 orchid species are assessed to be presumably lost from the flora of Bangladesh due to environmental degradation and ecosystem depletion. The assessment of their status of occurrence was made based on long term field investigation, collection and identification of orchid taxa; examination and identification of herbarium specimens preserved at CAL, E, K, DACB, DUSH, BFRIH,BCSIRH, HCU; and survey of relevant upto date floristic literature. These species had been recorded from the present Bangladesh territory for more than 50 to 100 years ago, since then no further report of occurrence or collection from elsewhere in Bangladesh is available and could not be located to their recorded localities through field investigations. Of these, 29 species were epiphytic in nature and 25 terrestrial. More than 41% of these taxa are economically very important for their potential medicinal and ornamental values. Enumeration of these orchid taxa is provided with updated nomenclature, bangla name(s) and short annotation with data on habitats, phenology, potential values, recorded locality, global distribution conservation status and list of specimens available in different herbaria. Key words: Orchid species, lost treasure, Bangladesh, conservation status, assessment. INTRODUCTION The orchid species belonging to the family Orchidaceae are represented mostly in the tropical parts of the world by 880 genera and about 26567 species (Cai et al. -
Australia Lacks Stem Succulents but Is It Depauperate in Plants With
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Australia lacks stem succulents but is it depauperate in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)? 1,2 3 3 Joseph AM Holtum , Lillian P Hancock , Erika J Edwards , 4 5 6 Michael D Crisp , Darren M Crayn , Rowan Sage and 2 Klaus Winter In the flora of Australia, the driest vegetated continent, [1,2,3]. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a water- crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), the most water-use use efficient form of photosynthesis typically associated efficient form of photosynthesis, is documented in only 0.6% of with leaf and stem succulence, also appears poorly repre- native species. Most are epiphytes and only seven terrestrial. sented in Australia. If 6% of vascular plants worldwide However, much of Australia is unsurveyed, and carbon isotope exhibit CAM [4], Australia should host 1300 CAM signature, commonly used to assess photosynthetic pathway species [5]. At present CAM has been documented in diversity, does not distinguish between plants with low-levels of only 120 named species (Table 1). Most are epiphytes, a CAM and C3 plants. We provide the first census of CAM for the mere seven are terrestrial. Australian flora and suggest that the real frequency of CAM in the flora is double that currently known, with the number of Ellenberg [2] suggested that rainfall in arid Australia is too terrestrial CAM species probably 10-fold greater. Still unpredictable to support the massive water-storing suc- unresolved is the question why the large stem-succulent life — culent life-form found amongst cacti, agaves and form is absent from the native Australian flora even though euphorbs. -
PGR Diversity and Economic Utilization of Orchids
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(10): 1865-1887 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 10 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.810.217 PGR Diversity and Economic Utilization of Orchids R. K. Pamarthi, R. Devadas, Raj Kumar, D. Rai, P. Kiran Babu, A. L. Meitei, L. C. De, S. Chakrabarthy, D. Barman and D. R. Singh* ICAR-NRC for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim, India ICAR-IARI, Kalimpong, West Bengal, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Orchids are one of the highly commercial crops in floriculture sector and are robustly exploited due to the high ornamental and economic value. ICAR-NRC for Orchids Pakyong, Sikkim, India, majorly focused on collection, characterization, K e yw or ds evaluation, conservation and utilization of genetic resources available in the country particularly in north-eastern region and developed a National repository of Orchids, Collection, Conservation, orchids. From 1996 to till date, several exploration programmes carried across the Utilization country and a total of 351 species under 94 genera was collected and conserved at Article Info this institute. Among the collections, 205 species were categorized as threatened species, followed by 90 species having breeding value, 87 species which are used Accepted: in traditional medicine, 77 species having fragrance and 11 species were used in 15 September 2019 traditional dietary. Successful DNA bank of 260 species was constructed for Available Online: 10 October 2019 future utilization in various research works. The collected orchid germplasm which includes native orchids was successfully utilized in breeding programme for development of novel varieties and hybrids. -
Orchids: 2017 Global Ex Situ Collections Assessment
Orchids: 2017 Global Ex situ Collections Assessment Botanic gardens collectively maintain one-third of Earth's plant diversity. Through their conservation, education, horticulture, and research activities, botanic gardens inspire millions of people each year about the importance of plants. Ophrys apifera (Bernard DuPon) Angraecum conchoglossum With one in five species facing extinction due to threats such (Scott Zona) as habitat loss, climate change, and invasive species, botanic garden ex situ collections serve a central purpose in preventing the loss of species and essential genetic diversity. To support the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, botanic gardens create integrated conservation programs that utilize diverse partners and innovative techniques. As genetically diverse collections are developed, our collective global safety net against plant extinction is strengthened. Country-level distribution of orchids around the world (map data courtesy of Michael Harrington via ArcGIS) Left to right: Renanthera monachica (Dalton Holland Baptista ), Platanthera ciliaris (Wikimedia Commons Jhapeman) , Anacamptis boryi (Hans Stieglitz) and Paphiopedilum exul (Wikimedia Commons Orchi ). Orchids The diversity, stunning flowers, seductiveness, size, and ability to hybridize are all traits which make orchids extremely valuable Orchids (Orchidaceae) make up one of the largest plant families to collectors, florists, and horticulturists around the world. on Earth, comprising over 25,000 species and around 8% of all Over-collection of wild plants is a major cause of species flowering plants (Koopowitz, 2001). Orchids naturally occur on decline in the wild. Orchids are also very sensitive to nearly all continents and ecosystems on Earth, with high environmental changes, and increasing habitat loss and diversity found in tropical and subtropical regions. -
Of Connecting Plants and People
THE NEWSLEttER OF THE SINGAPORE BOTANIC GARDENS VOLUME 34, JANUARY 2010 ISSN 0219-1688 of connecting plants and people p13 Collecting & conserving Thai Convolvulaceae p2 Sowing the seeds of conservation in an oil palm plantation p8 Spindle gingers – jewels of Singapores forests p24 VOLUME 34, JANUARY 2010 Message from the director Chin See Chung ARTICLES 2 Collecting & conserving Thai Convolvulaceae George Staples 6 Spotlight on research: a PhD project on Convolvulaceae George Staples 8 Sowing the seeds of conservation in an oil palm plantation Paul Leong, Serena Lee 12 Propagation of a very rare orchid, Khoo-Woon Mui Hwang, Lim-Ho Chee Len Robiquetia spathulata Whang Lay Keng, Ali bin Ibrahim 150 years of connecting plants and people: Terri Oh 2 13 The making of stars Two minds, one theory - Wallace & Darwin, the two faces of evolution theory I do! I do! I do! One evening, two stellar performances In Search of Gingers Botanical diplomacy The art of botanical painting Fugitives fleurs: a unique perspective on floral fragments Falling in love Born in the Gardens A garden dialogue - Reminiscences of the Gardens 8 Children celebrate! Botanical party Of saints, ships and suspense Birthday wishes for the Gardens REGULAR FEATURES Around the Gardens 21 Convolvulaceae taxonomic workshop George Staples What’s Blooming 18 22 Upside down or right side up? The baobab tree Nura Abdul Karim Ginger and its Allies 24 Spindle gingers – jewels of Singapores forests Jana Leong-Škornicková From Education Outreach 26 “The Green Sheep” – a first for babies and toddlers at JBCG Janice Yau 27 International volunteers at the Jacob Ballas Children’s Garden Winnie Wong, Janice Yau From Taxonomy Corner 28 The puzzling bathroom bubbles plant.. -
Dejan, Baquiran J/7,With Male Species and Subspecies
BLUMEA 41 (1996) 375-394 Additionalnotes on species of the Asian genera Endocomis, Horsfieldia, and Knema (Myristicaceae) W.J.J.O.de Wilde Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Summary in the Asian and Knema of the fami- Notes are given on various taxa genera Endocomia,Horsfieldia, ly Myristicaceae. Newly described taxa are Horsfieldia penangianasubsp. obtusifolia, H. perangusta, K. kunstleri K. and K. rids- and Knema emmae, K. krusemaniana, subsp. leptophylla, longepilosa, daleana. Introductory note With the conclusion of the investigations regarding the treatment of the family Myr- isticaceae for Flora Malesiana, a few additions to the precursory publications on for the the genera EndocomiaW. J. de Wilde, Horsfieldia Willd., and Knema Lour, because of collected materials collec- Southeast Asian region are required newly or tions not seen before(De Wilde, 1979, 1984a, b, 1985a, b, 1986, 1987a, b). I acknowledge the help of Dr. J.F. Veldkamp (L) for providing the translation of the diagnoses of the new taxa into Latin, and Mr. J.H. van Os (L), who made the beautiful drawings. ENDOCOMIA W.J. de Wilde Endocomia macrocoma (Miq.) W. J. de Wilde subsp. macrocoma; Blumea30 (1984) 184. A.specimen collected in NE Luzon, Ridsdale, Dejan, Baquiran ISU J/7,with male inflorescences, keys out in the keys to the species and subspecies (I.e.: 182, 184) at others because of the different states of of subsp. macrocoma, amongst development the flowers in one cluster, and the conspicuous tomentum of the inflorescences (and flowers), young (developing) leaves and twig apex. However, subsp. -
How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article
Lankesteriana ISSN: 1409-3871 Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica Gyeltshen, Choki; Dalström, Stig; Gyeltshen, Nima; Tobgay, Kezang A new spotted Chiloschista (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae) from Bhutan Lankesteriana, vol. 19, no. 1, 2019, pp. 23-29 Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v19i1.37030 Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44366682005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative LANKESTERIANA 19(1): 23—29. 2019. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v19i1.37030 A NEW SPOTTED CHILOSCHISTA (ORCHIDACEAE: AERIDINAE) FROM BHUTAN CHOKI GYELTSHEN1, STIG DALSTRÖM2.5, NIMA GYELTSHEN3 & KEZANG TOBGAY4 1 Senior Biodiversity Officer, National Biodiversity Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Serbithang, Thimphu, Royal Government of Bhutan 2 2304 Ringling Boulevard, unit 119, Sarasota FL 34237, USA; Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica; National Biodiversity Centre, Serbithang, Royal Government of Bhutan 3 Biodiversity Supervisor, Royal Botanic Garden, National Biodiversity Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Serbithang, Thimphu, Royal Government of Bhutan 4 Biodiversity Officer, Royal Botanic Garden, National Biodiversity Centre, Serbithang, Thimphu, Royal Government of Bhutan 5 Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT. A new species of Chiloschista from a restricted area in Bhutan is described and illustrated. It is compared with C. parishii from Myanmar and Thailand, which has similarly colored flowers and from which it differs by the larger flowers, 15–18 mm versus 8–10 mm, and the lack of a glandular and pubescent, erect and curved callus lobe inside the lip, which is generally seen in other similarly colored species of this genus. -
Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-Temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India
Annual Research & Review in Biology 35(5): 63-81, 2020; Article no.ARRB.57913 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India Preshina Rai1 and Saurav Moktan1* 1Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700 019, West Bengal, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author PR conducted field study, collected data and prepared initial draft including literature searches. Author SM provided taxonomic expertise with identification and data analysis. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2020/v35i530226 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Rishee K. Kalaria, Navsari Agricultural University, India. Reviewers: (1) Sameh Cherif, University of Carthage, Tunisia. (2) Ricardo Moreno-González, University of Göttingen, Germany. (3) Nelson Túlio Lage Pena, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/57913 Received 06 April 2020 Accepted 11 June 2020 Original Research Article Published 22 June 2020 ABSTRACT Aims: This communication deals with the diversity and distribution including host species distribution of vascular epiphytes also reflecting its phenological observations. Study Design: Random field survey was carried out in the study site to identify and record the taxa. Host species was identified and vascular epiphytes were noted. Study Site and Duration: The study was conducted in the sub-temperate forests of Darjeeling Himalaya which is a part of the eastern Himalaya hotspot. The zone extends between 1200 to 1850 m amsl representing the amalgamation of both sub-tropical and temperate vegetation.