Johan Ludvig Runeberg (1804-1877)
Finland. Nationalism in the Arts SLA200 Spring 2014, University of Toronto - Börje Vähämäki Finnish History from 1157 to 1809 Crusades and Swedish settlers Lutheranism, Gustavus Vasa and the Swedish Kingdom: Sweden-Finland Sweden's wars against Russia, incl. 30 Years War 1618-1648; Finland's wars 1939-40; 1941-44. Finland’s New Reality (1809-1917) Autonomous "nation" as Grand Duchy of Finland, under the Czar as Grand Duke The issue: "Swedes we are no longer, Russians we do not want to become, let us be Finns" The Challenges: 1. Who are we? National identity & soul; 2. What are we? Finnish nation/state Geography, Demographics, Language reality, Culture - German National Romanticism philosopher: Johann Gottfried von Herder (1744 -1803) "A poet is the creator of the nation around him, he gives them a world to see and has their souls in his hand to lead them to that world." The soul of a People (Volk) resides in their folk poetry." "Finland's Founding Fathers": (Mikael Agricola (1500s)); E. Lönnrot, J.L. Runeberg, J.V. Snellman Elias Lönnrot (1802-1888), collector of Finnish folk poetry and compiler of Katevata and Kante/etar Sohan Ludvig Runeberg (1804-1877) "National Poet" - Tales of Ensign Stål & epic & lyrical poems, Johan Vilhelm Snellman (1806-1881), philosopher, statesman, literary critic, and journalist Swedish-language Finnishness - National Idyll-idealized Finnishness: Runeberg and Z. Topelius Landscapes, "Tribes", and History-Translator's role? Finnish language Finnishness - Aleksis Kivi (1834-1877) Kullervo (1864), Cobblers on the Heath (1865), Seven Brothers (1870); Fennomen vs. Swecomen ~ Finns speaking Swedish vs. Finland-Swedes ~ Language struggle Finnish Neo-Romanticism of the 1890s - Carelianism Kalevala inspired Finnish literature, art, sculpture and music (A.
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