Abstracts of Workshops Workshop W1: Levantine Ivories of the Iron Age

Acknowledgements

The Organising Committee of the 61st RAI wishes to express its gratitude to all the people and institutions who made this event possible.

Our thanks, for their generous contributions, go to:

the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Universities of Bern and Geneva, the Société Académique of Geneva, the Musée d‘art et d‘histoire de Genève, the City of Geneva,

fhe Fondation Ernst et Lucie Schmidheiny, the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences, the Swiss Society for Ancient Near Eastern Studies (SGOA), the Burgergemeinde Bern, the Fondation Johanna Dürmüller-Bol, the Kommision Forschungs- und Nachwuchsförderung der Universität Bern,

the Federal Office for Civil Protection, the Federal Office of Culture For their support we wish to thank:

Bern Tourismus, Genève Tourisme & Congrès, Nedjma-Trio, Samir Mokrani, Bistro

UNIess ZFV, Eventmakers AG, Le Barocco, novae Restauration SA, Küng Druck AG.

Special thanks go to all the voluntary students who supported this event through their time and commitment! Welcome – Bienvenue – Willkommen – Benvenuti – Bainvegni!

The Département des sciences de l’Antiquité of the University of Geneva and the Abteilung für Vorderasiatische Archäologie of the University of Bern have the pleasure of inviting you to convene for the 61st Rencontre in Switzerland. Our theme, Text and Image, endeavors to stimulate a renewed dialogue between those of us who study the written legacy and those who study the material legacy of the

Ancient Near East. booklet. You will find all relevant information in the conference programme and abstract-

We hope that you will enjoy the conference – Welcome to Switzerland!

Organising Committee:

Alexander Ahrens (University of Bern), Pascal Attinger (University of Bern), Antoine Cavigneaux (University of Geneva), Emmert Clevenstine (University of Geneva), GrégoireSabine Ecklin Nicolet (University (University of Bern),of Geneva), Margaret Mirko Jaques Novák (University (University of of Zurich), Bern), SusannePatrick Michel Rutishauser (University (University of Geneva), of Bern), Catherine Claudia Mittermayer Suter (University (University of Bern), of Bern), Johanna Tudeau (University of Bern)

Honorary Committee:

Council), M. Jean-Yves Marin (Director of the Musée d’art et d’histoire), RetoEsther Nause Alder (Member (Mayor of of Geneva),the City Council), Ruth Dreifuss Virginia (former Richter member (Dean of the SwissFaculty Federal of Humanities, University of Bern), Martin Täuber (Rector, University of Bern), Jean-Dominique Vassalli (Rector, University of Geneva), Nicolas Zufferey (Dean of the Faculty of Humanities, University of Geneva)

www.rai.unibe.ch 3 Map of Switzerland

30 km

20 mi

Bern

Fribourg

Genève

Further Maps:

Map of Geneva ...... 235 Map: UNI Mail, Floorplan (Geneva) ...... 236 Map of Bern (UniS and main building) ...... 237 Map: UniS, Floorplan (Bern) ...... 238

4 www.rai.unibe.ch General Information

Congress ID with you while attending all RAI61 functions.

InPlease, Geneva, have the your conference desk will be located in Uni Mail in front of room R160.

AIn free Bern, Wi-Fi you willinternet find serviceit in UniS is inavailable front of to room all RAI61 A003. participants within the premises of the Universities of Geneva and Bern. Geneva: The Wi-Fi network ‚guest-unige‘ allows an unsecured internet network access. No encryption method is used, so there is no guarantee that your privacy can be assured. Bern password (received at the conference desk). With those login credentials you have to authenticate: In order yourself to have when access starting to the wirelessthe network access connection Points, you (network need your public-unibe). userID and

Bookstalls

for Publishers are located in Geneva at Uni Mail (Room R030, R040), Posterin Bern Presentationsat the ground floor will corridorbe located (UniS). in Geneva in the corridor between Rooms R60/70 and R80 in Bern in Room A027.

parking is not possible in the immediate vicinity of the venues, but see

Private Socialwww.parking-bern.ch Events (Admission and withch.parkopedia.com Congress ID): for official car parks and parking spots. Opening Reception in Geneva (Tuesday, June 23, 19 – 22, Musée d‘art et d‘histoire) Reception in Bern (Wednesday, June 25, 20 –23, Rathaus) - ler) VLIP (Very and Less Important People) Party (Thursday, June 26, 20 – Kornhauskel Public Events Welcome Session in Geneva (Monday, June 22, 9.30 – 11.00) Welcome Session in Bern (Wednesday, June 24, 18.00 – 19.30)

Extraordinary Session: Strategies for Restoration and Reconstruction: Museums, Heritage Sites and Archaeological Parks in Post-War Countries www.rai.unibe.ch 5 Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ...... 2 Welcome ...... 3 Map of Switzerland ...... 4 General Information ...... 5 Abstracts of Workshops Workshop W1: Levantine Ivories of the Iron Age ...... 8 Workshop W2: Mesopotamian Incantation Literature ...... 10 Workshop W3: International Relations ...... 12 Workshop W4: Analog Life, Digital Image ...... 14 Workshop W5: The Heavenly Bodies in Image and Text ...... 18 Workshop W6: Iconography: Erwin Panofsky and Othmar Keel in Dialogue ...... 20 Workshop W7: Visualizing Emotions and Senses in the Ancient Near East ...... 22 Workshop W8: Medicine (BabMed panel) ...... 28 Workshop W9: Tales of Royalty ...... 30 Workshop W10: Math & Realia Workshop ...... 34 Workshop W11: The Future of Ancient Near Eastern Studies ...... 38 Extraordinary Session: Strategies for Restoration and Reconstruction ...... 40 Rehearsed Reading: Ashurbanipal – the Last Great King of Assyria ...... 44 Abstracts of all Papers ...... 51 Maps Map of Geneva ...... 235 Map: UNI Mail, Floorplan (Geneva) ...... 236 Map of Bern (UniS and Main Building) ...... 237 Map: UniS, Floorplan (Bern) ...... 238 Index Speakers and Authors of Posters...... 240 Sponsors ...... 244 Table of Contents (Notes)

109

110

111

190

191 Workshop W1

Levantine Ivories of the Iron Age: Production, Consumption, and Style Claudia E. Suter (University of Bern) - production or workshop models and if so, ous objects made of ivory reached a peak what modes or models? Can object types in theThe early Levantine Iron Age: production one can speak of luxuri of a - veritable Ivory Age. The vast majority of tribute to a differentiation of workshops, this production was carried off by Assyri- regionsand/or carvingor time andframes? fixing Is techniques stylistic analy con- an emperors in the course of their succes- sis helpful at all and if so, what can kind of stories can it tell us? What interest did the into their realm. Smaller assemblages and Assyrian emperors have in amassing pres- sive incorporation of the Levantine states tige objects of their defeated enemies? Iran in the west to Spain in the east. The circumstancescattered finds that stretch these over ivory an area carvings from such a wide dispersal from Iran to Spain? have generally not been found where they How did Levantine prestige objects reach were made has had an impact on scholarship: for a century, research has focused aim of locating and dating their place of origin.on their However, stylistic in classification spite of all scholarly with the has been attained. effort no generally accepted classification This workshop provides a platform for a discussion of whether it makes sense to continue dedicating research to stylistic may yield better insights into the produc- tionclassification and consumption or whether of these other luxurious avenues objects. Is it possible to posit modes of

8 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W1

Room: Geneva, Uni Mail R060 Monday, 22nd June Chair: C. Suter 14.20 – 14.30 Introduction 14.30 – 15.00 Silvana Di Paolo

An Holistic Approach: What the First Millennium BC Levantine 15.00 – 15.30 Giorgio Ivories TellAffanni Us and et al.What They Could Tell Us About Production

Ivories Protocol for the Study of Ancient Ivory: The Case of the Arslan Tash 15.30 – 16.00 Dirk Wicke From Ivory to Bronze

16.00 – 16.30 Coffee break 16.30 – 17.00 Naeh

Liat The Search for Local Identity: Questions on the Continuity of 17.00 – 17.30 David LevantineKertai Ivories from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age

In the Realm of Images: The Use of Ivories within Late Assyrian 17.30 – 18.00 Marian PalacesFeldman

18.00 – 18.30 IreneConsuming Winter Ivories in the Iron Age Levant Response

www.rai.unibe.ch 9 Workshop W2

Frank Simons (University of Birmingham), Mesopotamian Incantation Literature Elyze Zomer (Universität Leipzig) The main goal of this workshop is to provide an overview of recent research inon all Mesopotamian cuneiform languages, Incantation although Literature chief- lyfrom focused the third on the to theSumerian first millennium and Akkadian BCE traditions. In addition, the present workshop will offer new perspectives on both individual incantations and whole series, as well as new connections between various incantations.

10 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W2

Room: Geneva, Uni Mail R070 Monday, 22nd June Chair: W. Farber 14.30 – 15.00 Nadezda Rudik

15.00 – 15.30 NathanA New Interpretation Wasserman of an Old Incantation and Its ‘Sitz im Leben’

Piercing the Eye: On an Old Babylonian Love Incantation and the 15.30 – 16.00 Andrew PreparationGeorge of Kohl Mesopotamian Incantations in the Schøyen Collection

16.00 – 16.30 Coffee break Chair: H. Stadhouders 16.30 – 17.00 Zomer - Elyze lonian and Assyrian Incantations Lost in Translation: An Introduction to the Corpus of Middle Baby 17.00 – 17.30 Frank Simons

17.30 – 18.00 DanielŠurpu VIII:Schwemer The Lost Incantations The rapadu-Flower Dyes the Steppe: An Akkadian Incantation from

Early Hellenistic Babylonia

www.rai.unibe.ch 11 Workshop W3

International Relations Theory and Ancient Near Eastern History Selim F. Adalı (Social Sciences University of Ankara) Lucas G. Freire (University of Exeter) The aim of this workshop is to illustrate different approaches in understanding - ry relations and concepts through theo- riesthe ancientof International Near East Relations political. and milita cultures have yielded a great amount of evidenceAncient which Near have Eastern several civilizations implications and stepin other with fields the aimof the of humanitiesincreased dialogueand the social sciences. This new initiative is a first - videsamong a platform experts of for the the Ancient exploration Near of East in- terdisciplinaryand these fields. endeavours The workshop and questions. also pro has been to explore questions raised with InternationalThe first stepRelations as part theory. of this Theinitiative province of International Relations tends to be the modern era, though there are also several studies about the Ancient Near - ferent theories of International Relations withinEast. The the participants framework seek of toAncient explore Near dif

Eastern history.

12 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W3

Room: Geneva, Uni Mail R290 Tuesday, 23rd June

09.00 – 09.30 Chair: S. F. Adalı Güner

Serdar Ş. The Balance of Power and Geopolitics in the 09.30 – 10.00 Hittite-Egypt-MitanniFreire System Lucas G. 10.00 – 10.30 System andPfoh Society: The Near East in the Second Millennium BCE

Emanuel Bronze Age Reconsidering International Relations in the Levant during the Late 10.30 – 11.00 Coffee break

11.00 – 11.30 Alex Chair: L. Freire Aissaoui Greek Poleis System with Ancient Near Eastern State Formation System A Near Eastern States System Before Age: Comparing the 11.30 –12.00 Selim F. Adalı

What is Policy Impact? Questioning Narratives of Political Events in 12.00 – 12.30 the LastMachinist Century of the Assyrian Empire Respondent to the papers presented Peter

www.rai.unibe.ch 13 Workshop W4

Analog Life, Digital Image: Recontextualizing Social and Material Adam Anderson (Harvard University), Shai Gordin (Tel Aviv University) LivesRune Rattenborg of Ancient (Durham Near University), Eastern Giuliacommunities Torri (University of Florence)

Increased access to online textual and Contributions may focus on material as visual digital collections have enabled well as social, qualitative as well as quanti- scholars to explore cuneiform corpora tative aspects of any part of the cuneiform using tools and methods not available a record. We further welcome approaches mere few decades ago. Drawing on one of traversing disciplinary boundaries. the largest bodies of historical documentation known, the application of digital tools to studies of the material and intan- gible aspects of social life of the Ancient transform the way in which we approach andNear think East holdsof topics the suchpotential as demography, to radically things and ideas. quantity, social relations and the flow of The aim of this workshop is to bring together approaches to the cuneiform corpus integrating analyses of large, digitized datasets with philological, archaeological, and social research. We invite studies intent on recontextualising the expansive body of cuneiform documentation within analytical frameworks such as spatial mapping, social network analysis and mo- reconstruction and related perspectives. deling, scale and quantification, artifact

14 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W4

Room: Geneva, Uni Mail R060 Tuesday, 23rd June Chair: A. Archi 08.50 – 09.00 Introduction Archaeology 09.00 – 09.30 Stephanie Rost, Adam Anderson

Contextualizing Umma: The Social and Physical Geography of the 09.30 – 10.00 Rune UmmaRattenborg Province of the Ur III State (2112–2004 BC)

Scaling the Early State: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Scale 10.00 – 10.30 Christian W. and Cancik-Kirschbaum,Extent of Middle Bronze Age InstitutionalHess Households Eva Geography of Upper Mesopotamia Texts, Tells, and Semantic Mapping: Perspectives on the Historical 10.30 – 11.00 Coffee break Chair: H. D. Baker

Social networks 11.00 – 11.30 Adam Anderson Scalable Contextuality for Cuneiform Tablets: Macro and Micro

11.30 –12.00 narrativesStratford from Aššur-nādā to Šišahšušar Edward TradePortable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) Analysis as an Augmentation of Literacy Studies and Social Network Analysis in the Old Assyrian 12.00 – 12.30 Shai Gordin

The Cult of Ea in Babylon: Naming Practices and Social Trends 12.30 –14.00 Lunch break during the “Long Sixth-Century” (626–484 BCE) www.rai.unibe.ch 15 Workshop W4

Room: Geneva, Uni Mail R060 Tuesday, 23rd June Chair: J. Miller Quantification 14.30 – 15.00 Seraina Nett -

Sheep, Grain, and Bureaucrats: Approaches to the Analysis of Eco 15.00 – 15.30 Giulia nomic TorriInstitutions in the Ur III Empire Hittite Inventory Texts (CTH 241-250): A Reassessment

Digitization 15.30 – 16.00 Michele Cammarosano, Gerfrid G.W. Müller 3D Digitization and Analysis of Cuneiform Texts: Methods, Results,

16.00 – 16.30 Coffee break Perspectives Chair: G. Nicolet 16.30 – 17.00 Jacob Dahl, Hendrik Hameeuw, Klaus Wagensonner

17.00 – 17.30 IlyaLooking Khait both Forward and Back: Imaging Cuneiform

17.30 – 18.00 DiscussionCuneiform Labs: Annotating Akkadian Corpora

16 www.rai.unibe.ch www.rai.unibe.ch 17 Workshop W5

The Heavenly Bodies in Image and Text

M. Willis Monroe (Brown University)

This session will explore the ways in which the heavens are portrayed both in text and image in Mesopotamian culture. Astrological and astronomical texts describe both phenomena and objects in the sky, including planets, stars, and constellations. De-pending on the genre, different text, celestial objects might be described generallydegrees of or specificity given discrete were necessary.details useful In visual imagery, the same objects might be depictedfor astronomical as an icon calculation. of the celestial Likewise body orin aspects could be drawn according to mea- surements in order to provide a useful schematic representation of the celestial object. Celestial objects also played important roles in royal rhetoric both in image and text. The two types of depic-tions in- - cupied the same physical space on tablets orfluenced reliefs. each In addition, other and depictions at times evenof astral oc bodies show a long continuity beyond the traditional borders of Mesopotamia both in time and space.

18 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W5

Room: Geneva, Uni Mail R070 Tuesday, 23rd June Chair: W. Monroe 09.00 – 09.30 Karen Sonik

Constellations ‘The Stars, Like Dust’: Envisioning Celestial Bodies and Imag(in)ing 09.30 – 10.00 John Wee

10.00 – 10.30 JohnHouses Steele of Secret and the Meanings of Planetary Exaltations Drawing Images in Astronomical Texts

10.30 – 11.00 Coffee break Chair: W. Monroe 11.00 – 11.30 M. Willis Monroe

11.30 –12.00 MathieuParadigm Ossendrijver and Model in Astral Thinking

Motion of Jupiter Evidence for Geometrical Methods in Babylonian Procedure for the 12.00 – 12.30 Discussion

www.rai.unibe.ch 19 Workshop W6

Hans Ulrich Steymans (University of Fribourg) Iconography: Erwin Panofsky and Othmar Keel in Dialogue

means by which one can interpret motifs as research into the subject matter or meaningErwin of Panofsky objects definedof art. Iconography iconography as well as identify their cultural setting - throughand scenes iconology. in ancient Near Eastern images der to identify the topic of the image, it isdescribes dependent and on classifies cultural knowledge images. In and or literary sources. Iconography only functions when we know from texts or general background what message the image is intended to transmit. However, we often do not have such knowledge when - ges. There are not many texts that can be dealing with ancient Near Eastern ima Therefore, Othmar Keel, the founder of theidentified Bible+Orient as explaining collections motifs at of Fribourg, images. - - singadapted the Panofsky’snecessity to methods view the for image interpre as a sourceting ancient of knowledge Near Eastern in its images own right. by stres Ne- vertheless, the relationship between texts and images remains a problem as well as the question how to corroborate the interpretations of images without external information about the message that the artists wanted to encode by their work. and Keel’s approaches and address the This workshop will compare Panofsky’s

20 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W6

Room: Geneva, Uni Mail R070 Tuesday, 23rd June Chair: H. U. Steymans 14.30 – 15.00 Raffaele Argenziano

15.00 – 15.30 FrancescaL‘iconologie Onnis de Panofsky entre la continuité et les changements Charles Clermont-Ganneau: A Methodology of Iconology Before

15.30 – 16.00 Othmar , Florian PanofskyKeel Lippke

Text: A Case Study Problems of Iconographic Interpretation when Starting from a 16.00 – 16.30 Coffee break 16.30 – 17.00 Wyssmann Teaching Iconographic Analysis and Iconology according to the Partick Fribourg School at Bern and Zurich 17.00 – 17.30 Zupan, Hans Ulrich Steymans Pavel An Archer Aiming at a Dragon or Ninurta’s Fight Against Anzu:

17.30 – 18.00 Discussion Constellations Perceived as a Link Between Image Text

www.rai.unibe.ch 21 Workshop W7

Sara Kipfer (University of Bern), Ainsley Hawthorn (Yale University), Visualizing Emotions and Senses in the Ancient Near East

Anne-Caroline Rendu Loisel (Geneva University) many different ways in the ancient Near Emotions and senses are depicted in- cit, and their function in text and image isEast. highly They debated are, however, in research. not always The aim expli of this workshop is to discuss some examples of emotion and senses in order to define their cultural character in the ancient This workshop consists of two panels: Near East. • The Visualization of Emotions in the Ancient Near East / Die Dar- stellung von Emotionen im Alten Orient (Organizer: Sara Kipfer, Universität Bern) • Representing the Senses in the An- cient Near East: Between Text and Image (Organizers: Ainsley Haw- thorn, Yale University and Anne-

University) Caroline Rendu Loisel, Geneva

22 www.rai.unibe.ch www.rai.unibe.ch 23 Workshop W7a

Sara Kipfer (University of Bern) Die Darstellung von Emotionen im Alten Orient

- tionen in der Antike sind auf den ersten BlickDie nicht bildlichen offensichtlich Darstellungen und nur von schwer Emo fassbar. Dies darf aber nicht darüber hin- wegtäuschen, dass zahlreiche Darstel- lungen von Situationen bzw. Motivkon- stellationen emotional aufgeladen sind: die Darstellungen ritueller Totenklage, erotische Szenen, Verachtung, Aggression und Gewalt (meist im Zusammenhang mit Kriegsdarstellungen), Triumph, Freude u.a.m. Die grundlegenden Fragen dieses Workshops sind, inwiefern diese Darstel- lungen Aufschluss über den Umgang mit Gefühlen wie beispielsweise rituelle In- - tensweisen geben und wie die dahinter szenierungen von Emotionen und Verhal anthropologischen Grundeinsichten über Körpervorstellungenstehenden Emotionskonzeptionen im Alten Orient mitin Verbindung zu setzen sind. Diese Fragen sollen im interdisziplinären Gespräch (Kunstgeschichte, Religionswissenschaft, Archäologie, Alte Geschichte und Altes Testament) anhand konkreter Beispiele diskutiert werden.

24 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W7a

Room: Bern, UniS A022 Thursday, 25th June Chair: S. Kipfer 09.00 – 09.30 Dominik Bonatz

Untersuchungsfeld der altorientalischen Bildwissenschaft Der stumme Schrei: Kritische Überlegungen zu Emotionen als ein 09.30 – 10.00 Wagner-Durand Response Elisabeth 10.00 – 10.15 Florian Lippke: Skepticism and Conceptual Autonomy Analyzing Emotions in Ancient Media: Between 10.15 – 10.30 Lasater

10.30 – 11.00 PhillipCoffee breakM. : The Snark Hunt for “Emotions” Chair: W. Monroe 11.00 – 11.30 Izak Cornelius

“The Smile on your Face...There‘s a Truth in your Eyes”: 11.30 –12.00 Silvia The IconographySchroer of Emotions in the Ancient Near East Response

12.00 – 12.30 Margaret Jaques, AndreasPanel discussion Wagner with, Wolfgang Zwickel

www.rai.unibe.ch 25 Workshop W7b

Between Text and Image Representing the Senses in the Ancient Near East: Ainsley Hawthorn (Yale University),

Anne-Caroline Rendu Loisel (University of Geneva) The sound of the drum, the light of the of the senses in art shed light on the litera- - ry evidence, or vice versa? ent world was rich with sensation. Over We seek to present a variety of approa- sun, the scent of the sacrifice. The anci ches to this topic and welcome proposals studies has garnered increasing attention that: take philological, literary, art histo- the past two decades, the field of sensory from scholars in the humanities. Sensory rical, or other perspectives; that address studies prioritize the human experience the means of sense perception (e.g. vision, of sensation and examine how people hearing, touch) or the objects of percepti- have understood the senses differently on (e.g. light, noise, texture); and that exa- from one culture to another and in vari- mine the senses within religious, political, ous historical periods. This workshop will or social contexts. highlight the Assyriological research that is currently being conducted in this emer-

We invite participants to explore how ging field. - presented sensory phenomena, not only inthe languages cultures ofand the literature, Ancient butNear also East in artre and iconography. Drawing on the evidence from textual and artistic sources, we will consider questions like: How did the peo- their senses to operate? What types of sensoryple of the phenomena Ancient Near are East represented understand in the sources and why? Can representations

26 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W7b

Room: Bern, UniS A022 Thursday, 25th June

Chair: The Sensory A.-C. Rendu Dimensions Loisel of Place 14.30 – 15.00 Kiersten Neumann Sensing the Sacred in the Neo-Assyrian Temple: the Sights, Smells, and Sounds of the Divine Meal 15.00 – 15.30 Portuese

Ludovico 15.30 – 16.00 DianaThe Throne Stein Room of Ashurnasirpal II: A Multisensory Experience Architecture and Acoustical Resonances: The ‚Tholoi‘ at Arpachiyah Reconsidered within a Wider Context 16.00 – 16.30 Coffee break Chair: A. Hawthorn Modes of Perception 16.30 – 17.00 Friedrich

Elke 17.00 – 17.30 SaraSemantic Manasterska Examination of Akkadian Verbs of Perception

17.30 – 18.00 ShiyanthiLooking and Thavapalan Seeing in the Neo-Assyrian Letters The Missing Shade of Blue

www.rai.unibe.ch 27 Workshop W8

Descriptivism and the Unseen Metaphor in Cuneiform and

Justin Cale Johnson (FU Berlin) Post-Cuneiform Technical Literature

In line with the theme of the RAI 61 tive practices, therefore, the panel will (Geneva and Bern), namely ‘Text and anatomy that require the use of probative Metaphor workshop will look at the con- metaphors.also seek to Conceptualdefine those metaphor parts of humantheory trastImage’, between the Descriptivism metaphor and and descripti Probative- offers one clear paradigm for these questi- ve language in the technical disciplines. ons, but we also hope in the context of the This emphasis is particularly clear and workshop to investigate how metaphor- theoretically interesting in descriptions driven approaches can be compared or of internal anatomy, which often licenses contrasted with descriptive paradigms. metaphorical language or one kind or ano- This panel is the third BabMed work- ther, and also in descriptions of plants and shop panel and like previous BabMed pa- stones, for example, in the šammu šikinšu nels it will strive to include talks dealing and abnu šikinšu lists. These lists develop with commensurable materials from post- a formulaic linguistic repertoire for the cuneiform Mesopotamia and the broader description of natural objects, and this descriptivism operates in a quite different of these panels was held in 2013 at the way from the metaphor-driven phenome- history of technical literatures. The first- gon) and focused on technical compendia, anatomy. whileAmerican the second, Oriental at Society the RAI (Portland, in Warsaw Ore last na that we find in discussions of internal For those elements of human anato- year, focused on patients, patronage and my that are not easily available for visual performative identities. The proceedings inspection, metaphors can often act as a probe or heuristic device, allowing for the De Gruyter, while the second volume from conceptualization of functional or corre- RAIof the Warsaw first panel is currently are currently in preparation in press at lational relationships of one kind or ano- and will likely appear as an RAI Workshop - ther. Alongside a classification of descrip volume with Eisenbrauns.

28 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W8

Room: Bern, UniS A201 Thursday, 25th June Chair: M. Geller 09.00 – 09.30 Mark Geller The Image of Babylonian Medicine within Medical History

09.30 – 10.00 Annie Attia

10.00 – 10.30 HenryEye Anatomy Stadhouders and Symptoms: Images and Realities

“How much is that Doggie in the Window, Woof Woof?”—Retrieving 10.30 – 11.00 Coffee break the Pedigree of an Orphaned Figurine Chair: H. Stadhouders 11.00 – 11.30 Strahil V. Panayotov Healing in Images and Text: The Sickbed Scene

11.30 –12.00 Maddalena Rumor sikillu in Mesopotamian and Graeco-Roman

Purging Pollution: 12.00 – 12.30 PurificationSchmidtchen Rituals Depicting Demons Activity Through Symptom Descriptions Eric

www.rai.unibe.ch 29 Workshop W9

‘Pious Shepherd’ and ‘Guardian of Truth‘ - In Search for the Nar rative Visualization of the Kings’ Piety and Righteousness Elisabeth Wagner-Durand and Julia Linke (Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg) Narration appears to be some kind of kingship, which media have been chosen anthropological constant comprehensible to transmit these narratives, and what in different cultures, modern and ancient. kind of narrative strategies were applied. Narratives, both visual and textual, appear To consider both, texts and images, in to have been used to create and legitimi- the same margin, the workshop is based ze royal authority. Aiming for an inclusive on a dual approach: referring to selected - narrative themes both philological and archaeological material will be presented. definition of narrative, we apply the fol A narrative is the se- Those themes selected by the organizers lowing inclusive definition proposed by miotic representation of a series of events allow a consistent approach and a mutual meaningfullyLanda and Onega: connected ‘ in a temporal and causal way. …. Narratives can therefore be constructed using an ample variety of se- includesdiscussion an of opening legitimizing paper narration. by the organi Every- miotic media: written or spoken language, zerssession – consists – apart of from two the talks first engaging one which an visual images, gestures and acting, as well either philological or archaeological/ico- as combination of these.’ In this respect, nographical approach as well as a respon- narratives focus on a story line implying dent paper discussing both approaches, - methods and the potential amount of new stantial meaning for both the audience information we can acquire via this ap- ‘significant transformations’ with sub and the characters of the tale in question. proach. The session topics encompass the - following: 1) The righteous guided king: tives may take the form of both texts and Tales of the wise, the pious and the lawful Corresponding to these definitions, narra images. These media constantly apply in one. 2) Tell me how to live: Narrating royal the legitimating strategies of ancient Near 3) Warrior tales: the royal hero in the an- aims to determine which narrative to- building activities in the ancient Near East poiEastern have kingship.once been Thus,selected the to workshoplegitimize cient Near East.

30 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W9

Room: Bern, UniS A201 Friday, 26th June Chair: N. May 08.50 – 09.00 Introduction The Righteous Guided King: Tales of the Wise, the Pious and the Lawful One in the Ancient Near East 09.00 – 09.30 Wagner-Durand ‘Pious Shepherd’ and ‘Guardian of Truth‘ - In Search for the Narrative Elisabeth Visualization of the Kings’ Piety and Righteousness 09.30 – 10.00 Nicole Brisch The Wise King? 10.00 – 10.30 Frauke Weiershäuser Response paper plus discussion 10.30 – 11.00 Coffee break Chair: C. Crawford

Tell Me How to Live: Narrating Royal Building Activities in the Ancient Near East 11.00 – 11.30 Julia Linke

Building, Arts, and Politics: “Hidden” Narration in Early Dynastic 11.30 –12.00 Claus VotiveAmbos Plaques

Narratives of Building Activities as an Element of Royal 12.00 – 12.30 Marlies LegitimationHeinz Response paper plus discussion 12.30 –14.00 Lunch break

www.rai.unibe.ch 31 Workshop W9

Room: Bern, UniS A201 Chair: D. Nadali Warrior Tales: The Royal Hero Fighting the Evil in the Ancient Near East 14.00 – 14.30 Barbara Couturaud

in the Figurative Representation of the Fighting Hero The Image of the King by the End of the Early Bronze Age: Changes 14.30 – 15.00 Carlos Langa Morales Der Feldzugsbericht in Šu-Sîns Königsschriften im Vergleich mit Verwaltungsurkunden 15.00 – 15.30 Dominik Bonatz Response paper plus discussion 15.30 – 16.00 Coffee break Round Table

Chair:16.30 –J. 17.00Linke andDiscussion E. Wagner-Durand

32 www.rai.unibe.ch www.rai.unibe.ch 33 Workshop W10

Sectors of Mesopotamian Society Math & Realia Workshop on Mathematical Practices in Various Cécile Michel and

Christine Proust (SAW-Project) This workshop is dedicated to the • Measures and standards: relati- memory of Aizik Abramovich Vaiman onships between units of capa- (1922-2013) city and standard vessels, units The workshop „Math & Realia“ aims at of weight and standard stone presenting researches developed in con- weights, textual traces and archa- nection to the SAW project (Mathematical eological traces. Sciences in the Ancient World, see http:// • Trade and exchanges: the ma- sawerc.hypotheses.org/). Case studies thematical tools to „make equi- that show how mathematical knowledge valent“ different kinds of goods, was produced, transmitted or used in market rates, theoretical rates - and bureaucratic rates, regular nistration, trade, or education, will be de- and non-regular numbers, appro- veloped.specific sectorsMore precisely, of activity, in suchthe line as of admi the ximations. RAI 61, the workshop will focus on the • The walls of schools: textual data relationship between the texts and their and archaeological data. physical environment or mental represen- • Cuneiform signs as images: nota- tations. The topics addressed include the tions of integers, fractions, and following: measurement units; arithmo- • Fields and lands: different ways to grams, metrograms and arithmo- quantify surfaces, mental repre- metrograms. sentations, arrangement of surface units, diagrams. • Canals, bricks and walls: different ways of quantifying spatial extensions, quantifying labor and orga- nizing work.

34 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W10

Room: Bern, UniS A022 Friday, 26th June Chair: M. Ossendrijver Exchanges and conversions 09.00 – 09.30 Cécile Michel Weighing Units, Standards and Weight Artefacts During the Old

09.30 – 10.00 Hagan AssyrianBrunke Period

10.00 – 10.30 CarlosEquivalencies: Gonçalves The Neo-Sumerian Administrative Evidence

Diyala The Size of the Things: Metrological Practices in the Old Babylonian 10.30 – 11.00 Coffee break Chair: H. Baker Estimating volumes and surfaces in administrative contexts 11.00 – 11.30 Camille Lecompte

Sargonic Documents from Girsu Procedures for Estimating the Fields’ and Gardens’ Surfaces in Pre- 11.30 –12.00 Stephanie Rost

the Ur III state (2112–2004 BC) The Administration of Irrigation Systems in the Umma Province of 12.00 – 12.30 Robert Middeke-Conlin

Suggested in Two Old Babylonian Tabular Administrative Texts Estimating Volume: Methods for Assessing Volume Exhibited and 12.30 –14.00 Lunch break

www.rai.unibe.ch 35 Workshop W10

Room: Bern, UniS A022 Chair: J. Steele Scribal art (1) 14.00 – 14.30 Chaigneau

Pierre 14.30 – 15.00 A ProcedureColonna Text ond’Istria Volume Calculations: BM 85196

Laurent Genesis The Fractions 1/3 and 2/3 in the Šakkanakku Period and their 15.00 – 15.30 Grégoire Nicolet A Mathematical Class at ‚Chantier K‘ in Mari

15.30 – 16.00 Coffee break Chair: W. Monroe Scribal art (2) 16.00 – 16.30 Natalie N. May Text and Architecture: YBC 5022 and BM 15285 as “Manuals of an

16.30 – 17.00 Christine Architect”Proust - an Mathematical Texts Making Equivalent Volume, Brickage and Capacity in Old Babyloni 17.00 – 17.30 Discussion

36 www.rai.unibe.ch www.rai.unibe.ch 37 Workshop W11

Sabina Franke (Universität Hamburg) The Future of Ancient Near Eastern Studies

Die Wahrnehmung der Kulturen des Alten Orients in der Öffentlichkeit ist – ge- linde gesagt – unzureichend. der Altorientalistik und der Vorderasiati- schenDie Archäologie politische Lage verhindert in den Kernländern Ausgrabun- gen, Reisen, Kontakte mit Kollegen, Stu- denten- und Wissenschaftleraustausch, Museumsarbeit, Tourismus. Dies bedeutet unserer Forschungsmöglichkeit, sondern dürftenicht nur mittelfristig eine gravierende zur Folge Einschränkung haben, daß das Interesse für die Kulturen des Alten Orients sinkt und damit langfristig die Unterstützung von wissenschaftlichen

In dem Workshop sollen sowohl die Projekten. Ursachen für die Vernachlässigung des Al- ten Orients untersucht, wie auch Möglich- keiten diskutiert werden, was gemeinsam - men werden kann. und von Einzelperson dagegen unternom

38 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W11

Room: Bern, UniS A003 Friday, 26th June Chair: S. Franke 14.00 – 14.10 von Dassow Destroyers of Civilization: Daesh and the 21st Century University Eva 14.10 – 14.20 Ann Guinan, Judy Bjorkman Why Mesopotamia Matters 14.20 – 14.30 Hans Neumann

Verfassen von Geschichtslehrbüchern Der Alte Orient in der Schule – Erfahrungen und Perspektiven beim 14.40 – 14.50 Jon Taylor

Assyriology Wedge-Shaped Bridges: A Museum Perspective on Communicating 14.50 – 15.00 Ariane Thomas

15.00 – 15.30 Discussion Repenser la présentation des Antiquités orientales au Musée du Louvre 15.30 – 16.00 Coffee break 16.00 – 16.10 Robson

Eleanor 16.10 – 16.20 Andrew The AncientJamieson Middle East Online

16.20 – 16.30 Selena CommunityWisnom Engagement and Near Eastern Archaeology Bringing Assyria to the Stage 16.40 – 16.50 Haddad

Lanah 16.50 – 17.00 Gösta The AssyrianGabriel Empire: A Board Game in Arabic and Kurdish

17.00 – 17.30 Discussion Design Thinking and the Ancient Near East www.rai.unibe.ch 39 Extraordinary session

Strategies for Restoration and Reconstruction: Museums,

Heritage Sites and Archaeological Parks in Post-War Countries s h i r ī n initiatives to train experts and specialists International Research Initiative and Net- that will be required in both countries af- work)s h andi r ī n the (Syrian Institute Heritage for Archaeological in Danger: an ter the war is over. Museums have to be re- Sciences (IAW) of the University of Bern constructed and recreated, artefacts res- invite you to a workshop on Strategies for tored, archaeological sites cleaned from Restoration and Reconstruction: Museums, mines and other traces of the war, heritage Heritage Sites and Archaeological Parks in sites relaunched and prepared for visitors. Post-War Countries, which will focus on The aim of the workshop is to collect the situation in Syria and Northern Iraq. information on requirements, develop The workshop will take place within the - framework of the 61st Rencontre Assy- - riologique Internationale taking place in portideas these on strategies, activities. and figure out possibi Geneva and Bern. In connection with this, lities for the scientific community to sup - duled. the statutory meeting of s h i r ī n is sche Vast destructions resulting from the civil wars in Syria and Iraq affect both museums and archaeological sites, eit- through lootings and conscious damages. Manyher as governmental collateral effects institutions of fighting and non- or governmental organisations started initiatives to protect heritage sites, to register destructions and lootings, and to prevent trade of stolen artefacts on the international art market. Less developed are the

40 www.rai.unibe.ch Extraordinary session

Room: Bern, UniS A003 Thursday, 25th June

11.30 – 11.45 Cynthia Dunning, Denis Genequand, Mohamad Fakhro, Mirko Novák Introduction 11.45 – 12.00 Jean-Bernard Münch Welcome address (President of the Swiss UNESCO commission) Part I: Status of the Iraqi and Syrian Heritage 12.00 – 12.20 Maamoun Abdulkarim, Qutifan (DGAM Damascus)

Lina 12.20 – 12.40 ProtectingAhmad Deeb Heritage (DGAM Sites Damascus) in Syria: Tasks and Perspectives The Status of Syrian Museums 12.40 – 13.40 13.40 – 14.00 Ahmad (SBOA Baghdad) Lunch BreakKamil

Recreation: The Status of Mosul Museum The Iraqi Museum between 2003 and 2014: Experiences in 14.00 – 14.20 Rashid (SBOA Baghdad) The Status of Archaeological Sites in Iraq under ISIS Occupation Qais Hussein 14.20 – 14.40 Youssef Kanjou, Mohamad Fakhro (National Museum of Aleppo) The National Museum of Aleppo: Threats and Strategies for Safe- keeping 14.40 – 15.00 Marc-André Renold (UNESCO Chair, University of Geneva) Illicit Art Object Trade

15.00 – 15.30 Karin Pütt, Diana Miznazi

(Syrian Heritage Archive Project) In Preparation for Post-Conflict Syria: Archiving, Damage Mapping 15.30 – 16.00 Coffee break and Engaging in the Local Community www.rai.unibe.ch 41 Extraordinary session

Room: Bern, UniS A003 Thursday, 25th June

Part II: Strategies for Recreation and Restoration 16.00 – 16.10 Cheikhmous Ali (APSAprotect SYR) Alep d‘hier et d’aujourd’hui: quelle stratégie pour la reconstruction

16.10 – 16.30 Michel Al-Maqdissi (University St-Joseph, Beirut) Site Recreation and Management Strategies: Requirements and Resources

16.30 – 17.00 Martin (Vice Director Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin) Vorderasiatische Museum Berlin and the Tell Halaf Museum: Lutz Reconstructions After World War II Damages

17.00 – 17.20 Hiba al-Bassir (Freelancer Restaurator and Conservator, Damascus/ Berlin) Museum Object Restoration

17.20 – 17.40 Marc Lebeau (European Centre for Upper Mesopotamian Studies)

17.40 – 18.00 TheCarine s h Simoes i r ī n Initiative: Science vs. Darkness. A utopian view?

(Federal Office of Culture) 18.00 – 19.30 CynthiaLa restitution Dunning de biens, Denis culturels Genequand illégalement, Mohamad sortis Fakhro du pays, Mirko Novák Creating Strategies: How, Who and Where?

42 www.rai.unibe.ch www.rai.unibe.ch 43 Rehearsed reading Thursday, 25th June, 17.45 –19.15, UniS A201

Ashurbanipal Selena Wisnom (University of Oxford) – the Last Great King of Assyria

Ashurbanipal, once a great and wise ruler, bleeds his kingdom dry, intent on defeating his brother in war. The future of Assyria and Babylon is written in the obscure language of the stars, but whose reading is the true one? And who can the king trust? This original play by Assyriologist Se- lena Wisnom pieces together cuneiform sources to tell the story of Assyria‘s last famous king. Inspired by texts such as royal inscriptions, letters from scholars, and omen reports - glued together with a healthy dose of poetic license - this epic tragedy immerses us in Ashurbanipal‘s world of court intrigue, warfare among kinsmen, and questions of fate.

44 www.rai.unibe.ch www.rai.unibe.ch 45 46 www.rai.unibe.ch www.rai.unibe.ch 47 48 www.rai.unibe.ch www.rai.unibe.ch 49 50 www.rai.unibe.ch Poster Automated Comparison of Cuneiform Signs Introducing SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform)

M. Fatih Demirci and

Selim F. Adalı (Social Sciences University of Ankara), A. Murat Özbayoğlu (TOBB, University of Economics and Technology) Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) stores an image as feature vectors. similar to each other than the two ima- Different images of the same object will gesquantifies of mì. Inthat turn, the theimages latter of two še areare moreboth have very similar vectors even when they less similar to the two images of the sign vary in scales, locations, angles, a certain level of lighting, and are with minor chan- help the automatic detection of similarity ges in image shape and structure. SIFT ofše. complete Potentially, signs comparison with fragmented of signs signs will with collation problems. We are current- number of iterations. SIFT can establish ly working on such an application of SIFT thedetects dissimilarity these vectors matrix after between a predefined images. and we will announce the results as soon The higher the numerical value, less simi- as possible lar the images. This means one can establish the relative similarity of images. We - form studies. Our work is at a prelimina- rypropose stage. toSIFT apply can SIFT be used in the as field a 2-D of digitalcunei image processing technique to study the photos of ancient texts. For example, see below the two attes- tions of the signs mì and še in this Urartian inscription housed at the Museum of Ana- tolian Civilizations, Ankara. The photos of each sign vary in minor details due to the rock surface with minor chips, etc. SIFT supplies their dissimilarity matrix and

www.rai.unibe.ch 51 Workshop W3 Tuesday, 11.30 – 12.00

What is Policy Impact? Questioning Narratives of Political Events in the Last Century of the Assyrian Empire Selim F. Adalı (Social Sciences University of Ankara) Four problems in the writing of anci- discussed in relation to concepts such as interest to the present paper. One is the International Relations theory. As the he- scarcityent Near of Eastern sources political for certain history periods. are of gemonic“system” andpower, “foreign the policies policy” asundertaken known in Another is that different types of sources, - i.e. textual, archaeological and art-histo- licy impacts. International Relations theo- rical exist. How should one tackle these by the Assyrian Empire led to certain po diverse sources? Should they be merged political developments known from the together or treated under different specia- sourcesries help and define at pointsand formulate have implications aspects of lizations? A third problem is that histories as to how one can conceive and question often seek to describe events in a narra- narratives of political events in the last tive. Competing narratives may emerge. Finally, there is the multiplicity of factors century of the Assyrian Empire. great amount of data, there is still the pro- blemin political of selecting developments. the appropriate Even withfactors a and relations of causality. Methodological choices are made at every step. This paper seeks to use a combination of Internati- onal Relations theories and concepts to address these four problems; gaps of information, source diversity, the problem of narrative, and the multiplicity of factors. and the events that led to its demise are traced.The Assyrian The source Empire problems is taken as raised a test caseare

52 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W1 Monday, 15.00 – 15.30

The Case of the Arslan Tash Ivories Protocol for the Study of Ancient Ivory: Giorgio Affanni, Annie Caubet,

Elisabeth Fontan François Poplin (The Arslan Tash Ivories Project, Musée du Louvre) The most modest artifacts can provi- they had never been studied before. It will de interesting information about the past. publish new data that will give scholars a Modest materials are a challenge for ar- chance to study this material from differ- chaeologists who feel in need to develop ent points of view. new approaches and new methods of study to unlock the secrets of those artifacts, thus reaching new results in previously unexpected areas of research. By contrast, luxury artifacts provide information of a different nature: typological, iconographical and stylistic studies can produce re- pieces of art rather than archaeological artifacts.sults. Precious This may objects be themay case be consideredfor ivories. ivories centered on iconography and style, disregardingThe first studies technological on ancient features. Near Eastern Their approach became standard. Technologi- cal features have come into focus only in the last years in studies by G. Hermann, A. team who undertook a new study of ivo- riesCaubet from and Arslan F. Poplin. Tash The has French-Italian developed a protocol to reapproach these objects as if

www.rai.unibe.ch 53 Workshop W3 Tuesday, 11.00 – 11.30

Comparing the Greek Poleis System StateA Near Formation Eastern States Hittite-Egypt-Mitanni System Before Age: System with Ancient Near Eastern Alex Aissaoui (University of Helsinki)

International systems, international making between equals and vassals were societies and world societies have been balancing, in particular, is interesting be- causethe key it featuresremains ofto thisbe considered interaction. – withinPower tradition,the focus ofthe analyses emphasis of thehas Englishbeen to School consi- the International Relations scholarship der(ES) the par Greek excellence. city-state Within culture this as research consti- tutive of a ‘nascent international society’ statecraft. Although there was no theori- - zing– as aon classical the concept construct in the of theancient European Near tions and a common language. Hedley Bull andbased Adam on commonWatson (1984) Pan-Hellenic have institufurther of the phenomenon itself. Set against a developed this theme of the expansion of carefulEast, this comparative does not preclude analysis thebetween existence eastern and western Mediterranean worlds, this paper suggests, then, that the Near disciplinaryEuropean international literature, this society paper from takes the as16th its century premise onwards. a deeper Leaning world historicalon cross- a pre-modern international society in its - cosmopolitanismEastern case better and meets in thechronological criteria for rience. A central claim of the essay is to terms than has been thus far recognized approach outside of the European expe the third and second millennium, we en- International Relations. countershow that a region-wide in the Near internationalEast dating back arena to in the ES tradition as well as in the field of - dent and multicultural pre-modern state where it is possible to find an interdepen- ternational era in world history. Balance ofenvironment power strategies, – indeed, sovereignty, the first great treaty- in

54 www.rai.unibe.ch Monday, 12.00 – 12.30

The Form and Function of Sin-iddinam’s Canal Inscription

Lance Allred (Museum of the Bible, Oklahoma City) commissionedSin-iddinam’s by the “Canal gods to Inscription”bring fresh (E4.2.9.2) describes how the king was this inscription is attested on perhaps as manywater fromas 20 the exemplars. Tigris to Larsa.With but At present,one ex- ception, these exemplars all take the same shape: a hollow barrel-shaped cylinder approximately 10-15 cm high with a single hole at one end of the object. Moreo- ver, this shape is, at least for Old Babylo- nian royal inscriptions, unique to this one particular inscription. This paper will investigate more closely the function of this shape, particularly in regards to the Sin-iddinam inscription with which it is associated.

www.rai.unibe.ch 55 Workshop W9 Friday, 11.30 – 12.00

Narratives of Building Activities as an Element of Claus Ambos (University of Göttingen) Royal Legitimation

The paper will deal with the issue of how narratives of royal building activities served to legitimate the ruler. Star- ting point of my considerations will be the royal inscriptions of Mesopotamia. Thus, there is a very large amount of primary sources at our disposal, since royal inscriptions Are, as a rule, building inscriptions. I will discuss how the builder represents himself and his building activities, refers to previous building works of his predecessors and addresses the future builder. Narratology has seen an ever increasing number of publications during the last decades. Theoretical frameworks have been developed. The usefulness of these theories, however, has also been contested. Already in 1990, Brooke-Rose discussed the “initi- al excitements and fairly rapid disappoint- hoped that this paper dealing with narra- tivesments in of Mesopotamian narratology”. Nevertheless,royal inscriptions it is will yield interesting results.

56 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W4 Tuesday, 11.00 – 11.30

Scalable Contextuality for Cuneiform Tablets:

Adam Anderson (Harvard University) Macro and Micro narratives from Aššur-nādā to Šišahšušar km from her husband in Aššur, Aššur- Living in Kaneš and separated 1,000 us with a short narrative, which is as in- triguingnādā‘s second as it is wifeallusive. Šišahšušar In a quantitative presents SNA study of 2,000 Old Assyrian (OA) letters, we direct our attention to a dozen textual references of this one individual, and in doing so, we are thrust into the challenging world of venture capitalism perspective of this lesser-known female. Then,in the Bronzeexpanding Age from(ca. 1850 her immediateBCE) from thesocial network outward, we will learn about Šišahšušar’s position and membership in the OA trade colony, and see the crucial role that women in Anatolia played for the numerous business ventures in the colo- roleny. Lastly, that the we local then Anatolians expand our play view and once the greateragain in contextorder to which briefly these discuss cuneiform the overall tablets convey.

www.rai.unibe.ch 57 Workshop W6 Tuesday, 14.00 – 14.30

L‘iconologie de Panofsky entre la continuité et les changements Raffaele Argenziano (Università di Siena) - propre style l‘histoire de l‘homme, même si de cette production on ne peut étudier la productionLes cultes etartistique les dévotions et l‘iconographie se manifes que des fragments, compte tenu des per- aujourd‘huitant aussi par nous le figuratif, permettent c’est-à-dire d‘analyser, par - nirtes compte et de la que destruction la qualité subiesdes travaux, au fil duen imagesde comprendre des plus etsimples de clarifier aux plus le sens élabo et- étudianttemps. L‘étude philologiquement de ces „fragments“ les relations doit te réesla fonction et complexes de ces réalisent images. Enun effet,système les de communication qui se réalise par un en essayant de reconstituer l‘histoire deentre cette elles langue, à travers de sale tempsgrammaire, et l‘espace, de sa différenteslangage spécifique façons d‘êtrefait de de formes la civilisation que l’on l‘histoire des formes, mais elle doit envi- peut reconduire à travers les siècles aux sagersyntaxe, aussi de l‘histoire sa signification de la représentation en termes de en particulier lorsque la preuve d‘autres de sujets, de l‘iconographie en bref, qui est formeshumaine. de Encommunication, effet, certaines littéraire, civilisations, mu- aussi l‘histoire des messages, des raisons, des idées et des idéologies plus au moins accessibles, comme le cas de l‘égyptien et explicites dans la représentation, c‘est- l’étrusque,sicale ou scientifique, dans la conscience sont rares commune, ou peu - - tribution, on essayera d‘exposer certains ratifs qu‘elles ont produits. à-dire dans l‘iconologie. Dans cette con- sont identifiées par les témoignages figu C’est précisément aujourd‘hui, où des aspects les plus significatifs de la mé tout est prévu dans le présent et dans le caractéristiques et les „déviations“ qui ré- sultentthode d‘Erwin de son Panofsky,approche eniconographique- soulignant les irrépressible, que la connaissance du iconologique. tempsvisuel etpassé où est l‘impulsion largement au mise figuratif en œu est- vre par la connaissance de la production figurative, qui reflète et réalise dans son

58 www.rai.unibe.ch Friday, 10.00 – 10.30

Strategies of Dehumanization: The Image of the Enemies in Me Nikita Artemov (Westfälische Wilhems-Universität Münster) sopotamian Literature and Hebrew Poetry

Bestial, ungodly and unhuman – these ways obvious) aim is to legitimate cruelty traits still belong to common images of the towards opponents. enemy. It is quite comprehensible that the Gutians and other uncultivated nomads from remote and unfriendly mountainous areas who made regular raids on Mesopo- tamian territory are described that way in Sumerian and in later Akkadian literature. It is more disconcerting, however, when the kings of neighbouring Babylonia, dis- loyal members of royal family or adver- saries of the supplicant belonging to the same community are depicted in similar terms in Neo-Assyrian royal inscriptions and individual lament psalms in the Old Testament, respectively. Together with the accusation of falsehood and treachery, which becomes the more important the closer the opponents were to the spea- ker once. This paper is an attempt to see verbal enemy images recurrently used in Mesopotamian literature and in the Old Testament (and often acquiring mythological features) as manifold manifestations of one and the same strategy of dehumanization, whose ultimate (even if not al-

www.rai.unibe.ch 59 Monday, 17.00 – 17.30

Identifying the Big Bird in the Battle Reliefs of Ashurnasirpal II

Mehmet-Ali Ataç (Bryn Mawr College)

On the reliefs of the south wall of the throne room of Ashurnasirpal II at Nim- rud there appears a big bird in the upper - parable in size and position to the winged disk,fields with of some which of it the seems battle in scenes,irregular com al- of as a bird of prey, one also gets the im- pressionternation. that Even it thoughis an active the bird participant is thought in battle. While the winged disk is always in proximity with the king, this bird rather appears close to other components of the Assyrian army, although it does occur once in direct association with the king himself. The bird is too prominently and consistently depicted to be just a bird of - phic role in the reliefs deserves further scrutiny.prey of theThis battlefield, paper juxtaposes and its two iconogra possible approaches to understanding the bird, one textual („text and image“), the other semiotic („image and image“), presenting them as not mutually exclusive. In pursu- ing the former track, I rely on the inscriptions of Ashurnasirpal II. As for the latter track, it draws on cross-cultural visual evidence from the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age Eastern Mediterranean and Near East. 60 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W8 Thursday, 09.30 – 10.00

Annie Attia Eye Anatomy and Symptoms: Images and Realities

Dans cet exposé ou plutôt ce diapora- ma je vais montrer les images qui corre- spondent aux propositions de traduction des termes anatomiques et des maladies oculaires. Une expression métaphorique est souvent utilisée pour leur dénominati- ouon cepathologique qui rend leur pourraient identification permettre difficile. de savoirQuelques si nos images traductions de la réalité sont anatomiquevraisembla- bles. In this talk, or rather this slideshow, I will show images that correspond to the suggested translations of anatomical terms and eye diseases. A metaphorical expression is often used for their denomi- pathologicalnation and this reality makes could their reveal identification whether ourdifficult. translations Some images are plausible. of the anatomical or

www.rai.unibe.ch 61 Tuesday, 15.00 – 15.30

BM 68840+ Reconstructed A Neo-Babylonian Plan of a Temple and its Captions: Heather D. Baker (University of Toronto)

The present paper reconsiders the ference to contemporary Neo-Babylonian Neo-Babylonian tablet BM 68840+ (CT temple architecture. 20 pl. 50), which bears a brick-by-brick plan of a temple, together with captions in cuneiform that label individual rooms and supply their dimensions. This unique - markable contents, but also because it contributesartefact is significant to our knowledge not only of for the its pro re- cesses involved in designing and planning monumental buildings at this period. The only detailed study of the tablet to date is that of Heinrich and Seidl, published in 1967. However, their reconstruction of the temple plan can be shown to be incorrect: it does not take into account the information given in the cuneiform captions, and in certain crucial respects it does not con- form to the principles of Neo-Babylonian temple layout. Thanks to recent advances in our understanding of the Babylonian terminology, the cuneiform captions provide vital clues as to the building’s layout. Thus the paper proposes a new reconstruction of the temple plan, based on close study of both text and image and with re-

62 www.rai.unibe.ch Tuesday, 11.30 – 12.00

in Assyrian Royal Inscriptions Reporting the Content of Divine Positive Response (annu kēnu) Amitai Baruchi-Unna (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

In many of the royal inscriptions of - haddon and Assurbanipal, on the other. response to the king’s inquiry is reported, divination methods in the court of Esar andEsarhaddon in several of of Assyria them, it a is positive accompanied divine by a sentence in direct speech, as if it were a verbal quotation of the divine message. This paper seeks the setting of these cases, asking whether the sentences presented are quotations from the writings of the di- viners consulted by the king, or whether they are the product of the scribes‘ free composition. This question is approached internally as well as externally. First, the patterns in which positive divine responses are reported within the history of the royal inscriptions and their development are studied, and then, the possible link of these reports and divination literature,

It emerges that the study of patterns of reportingspecifically divine extispicy response reports, sheds is examined. further light on related topics, such as reporting ‚historical‘ prayers and the use made of primary documents by the authors of the royal inscriptions on the one hand, and the changing status of extispicy among other

www.rai.unibe.ch 63 Tuesday, 14.30 – 15.00

Composite Creatures on Seal Impressions of Nuzi

Benedetta Bellucci (University of Pavia) Seal impressions on the Nuzi tablets show a great number of different images. Among those, the representations impressionsof composite is creatures particularly – “monsters” interesting andbe- cause“demons”– of peculiarities are numerous. in the This iconography group of here often represented with a crested bird-head),of well-known as well creatures as in the (e.g. formation the griffin, of rolesunique of composite Mischwesen creatures (e.g. griffin-demons in scenes de- pictedor bull-men on Nuzi with seals fish require tails). Moreover, a further thein- vestigation, with attention to those (rare) representations that seem to have had a narrative intent. In this paper, I present the material and its main characteristics. Hints and problems connected to the alleged aim of this kind of representations (e.g. their possible relation with known tales or discussed. myths in written sources) will be briefly

64 www.rai.unibe.ch Monday, 12.00 – 12.30

New Perspectives on Zoroastrianism in Chorasmia: Alison Betts (University of Sydney) The Akchakhan-kala Wall Paintings

Akchakhan-kala is a royal city dating from around the late third century BCE andto the pakhsa second architecture century CE. and It ishas a massivebecome particularlyfortified site well with known monumental for its remarkable mud brick wall paintings. In 2014, cleaning of a large section of wall paintings from the hypos- tyle hall in the main building of the ‘cere- six metres in height, with a mural crown, carryingmonial complex’ a Median/Achaemenid revealed a human dagger figure (akinakes) in a scabbard suspended from his belt. His costume is highly ornamented with Zoroastrian themed images. This

- cancefigure, for and the in history particular of one the of Zoroastrianthe world’s greatornamentation, religions. The is ofpaper remarkable will present signifi the - ing this painting. first findings of the project team in study

www.rai.unibe.ch 65 Monday, 18.00 – 18.30

The Divine “Image” and “Shadow” in Iconography, Inscriptions and Philology Daniel Bodi (University of Paris 8, Vincennes Saint-Denis) The link between Akkadian and ge- - the Sumerograms for image and shadow an or Analogical Hermeneutics” between- orneral unproven. Semitic Thisterms paper for “image”will suggest and some“sha viding the connecting link. Some impli- argumentsdow” is either from considered iconography, as problematic philology cationsthrough will Akkadian be drawn ṣalmu for and the ṣalāmumeaning pro of and the history of art to bridge the gap the Assyrian proverbial expression of the relief and an inscription from the stone tabletbetween of theShamash two. We in willSippar first found analyze in a king being the image of the god Bēl (ṣa- lam dBēl-ma, SAA X 228:18-19); the king contains a relief as well as an inscription theas the perfect image likeness/replica of the god Shamash of god (ṣa-al- ([k] ofclay the coffer. Babylonian The 9th king century Nabû-apla-iddina, BCE tablet mu ša dUTU; LAS 143); and the king being describing how he found a clay relief on al muššuli ša ili) while a man (amēlu) is rebuild the divine image of Shamash. The the shadow of god (ṣil ili amēlu) (SAA X- argumentthe bank of for the the Euphrates link between allowing image him and to ther207:10ˊ-13ˊ; this iconographic CAD M/2, p.and 282 philological muššulu a shadow will be threefold: 1) The probable backgroundgloss for ṣillu?). might It willhave also some be bearingseen whe on use of the technique called “l’ombre por- the Hebrew expression of humans being - lars suggest was used for the elaboration elohîm) in Gen 1:26-27? tée” or “transposed shadow” which scho created “in the image of god” (beṣelem ͗ of reliefs in Egypt, Assyria and also found among Greek black pottery figures; 2) The etymology of the Semit-ic root ṣl/ẓl “dark,- bableshadow” presence and the of the connection so-called with“Babyloni ṣlm /- ẓlm “image.” 3) The exploration of the pro

66 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W7 Thursday, 09.00 – 09.30

ein Untersuchungsfeld der altorientalischen Bildwissenschaft Der stumme Schrei: Kritische Überlegungen zu Emotionen als Dominik Bonatz (Freie Universität Berlin)

Forscht man in der Bildwelt des Alten Chr.) werden emotionale Gesten zu einem - werden allein auf Seiten der Besiegten Orients nach Darstellungen von Emoti wichtigen Element der Bildrhetorik. Sie- menschlicheonen, so fällt Gefühlsregungen das Ergebnis überwiegend über wei- nen in Verbindung, die vor allem als Ohn- tenegativ Zeiträume aus. Es kein hat denThema Anschein, der Bildkunst als seien sichtbar gemacht und stehen mit Emotio daher zunächst von einer kategorischen dermacht Unterlegenen und Verzweiflung artikuliert, gedeutet was werden sagen Wartegewesen. aus Deran und Vortrag erörtert geht die das ikonogra Problem- siekönnen. über die Warum Gefühle werden der Überlegenen hier Emotionen aus? phischen Konventionen, die das Reper- Welche bildsprachlichen Mittel werden toire der bildlichen Ausdrucksformen be- - stimmt und eingeschränkt haben. So weit bar zu machen? Wie weit gehen sie in der erkennbar, fallen dabei Kategorien, die Darstellungeingesetzt, umdessen, diese was Emotionen den Menschen erkenn - in der konkreten Situation erfasst haben nen sind wie Freude, Glück, Trauer und muss, nämlich Furcht und Angst? Verhilft Schmerz,dem weiten grundsätzlich Feld der Emotionen aus dem zuzuord Spekt- dieses Beispiel dazu, einen Ansatz zu for- rum des ikonographisch Darstellbaren und formalästhetisch Wahrnehmbaren. im Rahmen einer altorientalischen Bild- Handelt es sich hierbei um ein ursächli- wissenschaftmulieren, der fruchtbar für die Emotionsforschung ist?

- dernenches Prinzip Rezeption? der gestalterischen Intention oder vielleicht doch ein Problem der mo Die Intentionen der Bildauftraggeber führen zu der in diesem Vortrag diskutier- ten Ausnahme. In den narrativen Relief- darstellungen der Assyrer (9. bis 7. Jh. v.

www.rai.unibe.ch 67 Monday, 15.00 – 15.30

dieu de l’orage ? Quelle place reste-t-il pour Zimri-Lim à l’ombre du

Daniel Bonneterre (UQTR) représentantLa célèbre le dieu Stèle de de l’orage Ba‘al en au action, foudre a étéd’Ougarit mainte (Musée fois commentée. du Louvre On AO.15.775), a reconnu dans le personnage central un dieu com- battant, un garant de la fertilité de son ro- yaume et un protecteur de la dynastie roy-

- nageale. Les de divers beaucoup éléments plus petitefigurés dimension, laissent la place, à la hauteur de la taille, à un person- stallé sur un socle et de façon ostentatoire. il s’agit là du souverain d’Ougarit, bien in peut être examiné ici dans le contexte d’uneCe lettre document de Mari figuratif (FM VII, (et 17) d‘autres) adres- - sée au roi Zimri-Lim. Car la lettre fait jus tement état de l’installation de statues à l’intérieur du temple du dieu de l’orage à Alep. On s’interroge à savoir quelle place il faut accorder à la statue de Zimri-Lim- lealors d‘Ougarit que les et lettre places de sont Mari) déjà permet prises. de mettreL’examen en croiséévidence des plusieurs deux documents aspects (Stède la position symbolique (et hiérarchique) des souverains dans l‘espace du temple.

68 www.rai.unibe.ch Monday, 12.30 – 13.00

Von Sümpfen, Königen und Rebellen: Zur Wahrnehmung und Darstellung der südmesopotamischen Feuchtgebiete am neuassyrischen Königshof

Sebastian Borkowski (Universität Bern)

Bevor in jüngerer Neuzeit menschli- schaftliche Szenerien illustrierten, und unter Hinzunahme zeitgenössischer Text- des heutigen Südiraks durch systemati- quellen stelle ich in meinem Vortrag eine che Eingriffe das natürliche Ökosystem - - schneidendsche Trockenlegung veränderten, weiter prägten Landstriche ausge- vor,Reevaluation um aufzuzeigen, des geografischen dass am assyrischen und topo oder die Errichtung von Staudämmen ein- Königshofgrafischen eine Aussagegehalts differenzierte dieser Wahrneh Reliefs- hem Schilfrohr und dazwischenliegenden mung und Darstellung dieser Feuchtge- dehnte Sumpflandschaften aus meterho biete bestand. lichten Wasserflächen (arab. Ḫōr) nicht Reisender.nur das Landschaftsbild dieser Region, sondern auch die Erzählungen westlicher Diese Schilderungen berücksichtigten oftmals nicht oder nur in einem geringen Maße die Heterogenität und Dynamik der südmesopotamischen Feuchtgebiete. Die- se konnten je nach ihren topo- und hydro- oder nur saisonal bestehen und entspre- grafischen Voraussetzungen ganzzeitlich- scheinungsbild stark variieren. chend in ihren Ausmaßen und ihrem Er Ausgehend von den Orthostatenreliefs die sowohl ihre Feldzüge nach Südbaby- loniender Könige als auch Sanḫerib in die Susiana und Assurbanipal, durch land-

www.rai.unibe.ch 69 Workshop W9 Friday, 09.30 – 10.00

The Wise King?

Nicole Brisch (Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, Copenhagen)

Tales of kings and kingship abound throughout Mesopotamian history. Such narratives were constructed in order to represent a king’s legitimacy and prepared- ness to govern. In ancient Mesopo-tamia, the king’s relationship to the gods is a key aspect in the legitimation of a ruler, yet ‘wisdom’ and a just rule are similarly em- phasized in royal inscriptions and hymns. Yet, to what extent do these ideals in wri- authors or the intended audience? This contributionting reflect the will sphere argue that of the there (assumed) is a need to distinguish between different strategies of royal legitimation chronologically: ways of legitimation changed throughout time periods. At the same time, there is a gre- ater need to distinguish between genres and the material objects, on which such ta- - ferent (and differing) voices in texts (and les were written. Is it possible to find dif that history remembers as innovators (or usurpers)in monuments)? con-struct Did “charismatic”new narratives kings of kingship or did they rely on the traditional motives?

70 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W10 Friday, 09.30 – 10.00

Hagan Brunke (Freie Universität Berlin) Equivalencies: The Neo-Sumerian Administrative Evidence

The mathematical concept of making entities of different categories comparab- le by relating them to a common reference

(Ur III period, 21st century BC) administ- rativeentity record.reflects There vastly are in valuethe neo-Sumerian equivalencies relating several kinds of goods to their primary products, workload equivalencies relating labour to time, and prices in shape of silver value equivalents. Whereas the latter vary over time, the former are time- independent constants, some of which ̶ in the case of workloads ̶ can also be found- versions,in the Old-Babylonian and in one case coefficient even „sexagesi lists. We- mallyalso find convenient“ chains of approximations subsequent such for con the awkward fraction resulting this way.

www.rai.unibe.ch 71 Workshop W4 Tuesday, 16.00 – 16.30

3D Digitization and Analysis of Cuneiform Texts:

Michele Cammarosano and Gerfrid G.W. Müller (University of Würzburg) Methods, Results, Perspectives

Modern 3D imaging techniques ena- paper also aims at stimulating further ex- ble accurate digitization of artifacts and ploration of computer aided approaches archaeological sites and open up new perspectives of research in ancient cultures. of cuneiform studies. In the case of cuneiform texts, the possi- and interdisciplinary research in the field bility of exploiting computer aided methods to reconstruct fragmented tablets and investigate palaeographical features on large data sets by means of data mining and dedicated algorithms is of particular interest. The paper aims at illustrating a novel approach for the computer aided philological study of cuneiform tablets, as developed in the frame of the joint project 3D-Joins und Schriftmetrologie (Würzburg - form.de). The focus will be on computer- ― Dortmund ― Mainz, see www.cunei manuscript reconstruction, analysis of scriptassisted and collation, scribal joinhands, identification and investiga and- tion of writing techniques. Along with methods and results, CuneiformAnalyser will be presented, a graphic tool for the analysis of 3D scanned cuneiform tablets, which will be made available to the sci- state of the art and new perspectives, the entific community in 2016. By discussing

72 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W4 Tuesday, 10.00 – 10.30

Historical Geography of Upper Mesopotamia Texts, Tells, and Semantic Mapping: Perspectives on the Christian W. Hess (Freie Universität Berlin)

Eva SinceCancik-Kirschbaum 2011, research and groups at the - versität München and the Freie Universi- CNRStät Berlin, Paris, in the cooperation Ludwig-Maximilians-Uni with the Johan- nes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz and the Université de Bourgogne, have been conducting a cooperative research project on the historical geography of Upper Meso- potamia. The goal of the project is to inte- grate textual and archaeological data with semantic and geo-spatial information systems in order to provide a better model of developments in the 2nd millennium BC. The paper will provide an introduction to the scope, aims, and research framework of the project as well as present some

- phyresults of the of theSyrian first Jazira. phase, focusing on the Middle Assyrian/Late Bronze Age geogra

www.rai.unibe.ch 73 Friday, 14.00 – 14.30

Bemerkungen zur Funktion der fürbittenden Gottheit

Manuel Ceccarelli (Universität Bern)

- mischen Ikonographie ist die sogenannte Ein bekanntes Motiv der mesopota- heit niedrigeren Ranges einen Bittenden zu„Einführungsszene“. einer höheren Gottheit. Dabei führt Dieses eine Motiv Gott ist vor allem auf Rollsiegeln von der altak- kadischen bis in die altbabylonische Zeit dargestellt, es ist aber nicht nur ikonographisch, sondern auch literarisch belegt. In einigen sumerischen literarischen Texten

- nanntenfindet man Königshymnen nämlich die Schilderungder Könige von der Einführung zu einem Gott. In den soge- den Gottheit die wichtige Rolle zu, zwi- Ur, Isin und Larsa kommt der einführen schen dem König und Ellil, dem Hauptgott dasdes Pantheons,Königtum bzw.zu vermitteln. eine günstige Sie dient Schick als- salsentscheidungfürbittende Gottheit für und den fordert König. vonAnhand Ellil der schriftlichen und ikonographischen der einführenden/fürbittenden Gottheit untersuchtQuellen sollen werden. Funktion und Entstehung

74 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W10 Friday, 14.00 – 14.30

A Procedure Text on Volume Calculations: BM 85196 Pierre Chaigneau (Université Paris Diderot) The text of the tablet BM 85196, dated to the Old-Babylonian period, contains 18 mathematical procedures, most of them being related to the calculation of volume. This text was edited successively by Fran- çois Thureau-Dangin and Otto Neugebau- er during the second half of the 1930s. Apart from two problems, the text has not been studied again since then. However, much remains to be said about the related mathematical practices, especially when one takes into account the current knowledge of the relationship between this kind of text and the metrological tables. What is at stake in the different kind of signs used to express numbers and quantities? between its procedures and mental repre- sentationHow this textof volumes? testifies Whatfor the about relationship the diagrams found in two procedures?

www.rai.unibe.ch 75 Poster

From za3-mi2 to šir3:

Noemi Colombo images concealed in Lexical Lists and musical compositions At the real beginning, it was all sounds Distinct form of musical composition and shapes. Before words and signs were contained different rhythm and formulas created, people expressed themselves by played by distinct instruments. the mean of sounds in a kind of musical speech. Words and signs were intimately connected and the shape of the signs re- produced the objects they stand for. This conceptual and linguistic struc- where the words were enumerated ac- cordingture is clearlyto semantic traceable criteria in Lessical and incre Lists- asing rate of complexity: more detailed functions and attributes were, more elaborated and composite signs became. marked culture transformation as we see atNew the words beginning reflected of II linguisticMillennium needs when and a consistent number of exclamations and interrogative pronouns were introduced in written language.

ZAMI,za3-mi2, is a speaking sign since it incorporates and immediately shows its meaning through its pictorial representation, understandable and unmistakable; so ŠIR, šir3 , that plausibly alludes to the specific space in which songs were sung.

76 www.rai.unibe.ch www.rai.unibe.ch 77 Workshop W10 Friday, 14.30 – 15.00

and their Genesis The Fractions 1/3 and 2/3 in the Šakkanakku Period

Laurent Colonna d’Istria (University of Liège) This paper will present new graphemes for the fractions 1/3 and 2/3 attested in texts dated to the end of the Šakkanakku in contemporary Mesopotamian traditions.period. Were These these graphemes graphemes find anno parallelinnova- tion or a legacy from an older tradition? As the graphic tradition of the end of the šakkanakku period has many archaic features, our purpose is to examine the graphemes for these fractions in the earlier northerntraditions and of thesouthern third millenniumMesopotamia. (Early Dynastic and Old Akkadian Periods) from

78 www.rai.unibe.ch Monday, 12.30 – 13.00

Beschriftete Hundestatuetten

Nicolas A. Corfù (Universität Basel), Joachim Oelsner (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena)

Im Rahmen des Themas der 61. RAI Texts and Image soll hier eine Gruppe vermutet werden. Weniger wahrschein- von Objekten unter dem Thema Texts on lichkann ist besonders dies allerdings für die bei Exemplare Metallobjekten. aus Ton Image diskutiert werden. In zahlreichen mesopotamischen Ruinenstätten wurden Hundestatuetten aus Ton bzw. seltener ten,Für ein einweiteres bekanntes bisher Exemplar unbekanntes wird wirdeine aus Metall gefunden. Abgesehen von der erstmalsverbesserte vorgelegt. Lesung der Aufschrift angebo- Haltung der Tiere – stehend, liegend, sit- zend – unterscheiden sie sich auch da- durch, dass sie teils Aufschriften tragen, teils unbeschriftet sind. Wie aus den Auf- schriften hervorgeht, sind bei der Zweck- bestimmung zwei Gruppen zu unterschie- den: Weihungen an die Göttin Gula bzw. andere Heilgottheiten sowie Hunde mit apotropäischer Wirkung. Die Aufschriften der letzteren und ihre Farbgebung decken sich mit den Angaben in Ritualtexten. - kannten Artefakte gegeben, die Aufschrif- ten Eswerden wird im ein Zusammenhang Überblick über mit die den be diskutiert. Da die Zahl der beschrifteten entsprechenden Passagen der Tontafeln gefundenen relativ gering ist, waren die Exemplare im Verhältnis zu den insgesamt- malt und sind deshalb nicht erhalten. Dies Aufschriften möglicherweise häufig aufge www.rai.unibe.ch 79 Workshop W7 Thursday, 11.00 – 11.30

The Smile on your Face… There‘s a Truth in your Eyes

The Iconography of Emotions in the Ancient Near East: Izak Cornelius (Stellenbosch University) From Gestures to Facial Expressions? life as was the case in the Ancient World. and Western Asia pertaining to distress, But Emotionswere emotions form partrepresented of our everydayin visu- awe,will beand revisited.happiness Examples will be discussed. from Egypt It is al form (iconography)? Is this also true argued that some faces might show some of emotions as facial expressions (e.g. a sort of emotion. smiling face, happy eyes)? Scholars (e.g. Zwickel and Nunn) are of the opinion that there were emotions, but that facial expressions do not show happiness, sad- ness or awe. What might be represented are not facial emotions, but emotions in the form of gestures. It is argued that there is more in the iconographical record with regard to facial expressions with regard to the eyes and the mouth. A central problem is that what looks like an emotion might only be an artistic style, for example, the way the eyes are depicted. Thus the whole method of iconography and reading images should be included. A summary of emotions expressed by gestures of joy, mourning, despair, love in be presented. Then the possibility that the facematerial could from still Egypt express and Western some emotions Asia will

80 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W9 Friday, 14.00 – 14.30

Changes in the Figurative Representation of the Fighting Hero The Image of the King by the End of the Early Bronze Age:

Barbara Couturaud (Maison de l‘Archéologie et de l‘Ethnologie à Nanterre) king‘s image tends to change. The rise of the AtAkkadian the end ofDynasty the Early around Bronze 2300 Age, theBC will indeed lead to an ideological shift that highlights the image of the powerful ruler and warrior in the center of a coercive system. This image obviously culminates with the famous stele of Naram-Sin, which sovereign replacing the one of the gods. shows for the first time the image of the adapts to the new ideology. Besides media thatBut itdisappear is also the in favorfigurative of objects language of larger that dimensions, more able to serve the king‘s image, it is above all the creation of new visual codes that develop, as well as the use of the old ones that tend to change. Thus, the organization by registers, the insertion of text, the representation of ac- cessories and the introduction of features meant to evoke a geographical and envi- ronmental context. These features serve a discourse which becomes more and more narrative and not only evocative, thus creating a profound change in the representation of the king.

www.rai.unibe.ch 81 Monday, 12.00 – 12.30

ContextEnvisioning of Syro-Anatolian the Soul at Zincirli: Visual Culture Image, Text, and Personhood on the Katumuwa Stele in the Cory Crawford (University of Tübingen / Ohio University)

In this paper, I investigate the ontology tion in the funerary rites incumbent on his of the nbš (soul) in the inscription on the descendants. Katumuwa stele from Zincirli by attending to the visuality of the whole composition (including text) in the context of Syro- Anatolian artistic practice. Some hold that the inscription reveals a long history of Anatolian belief in the transmutability of the soul after death. Others counter that nbš and means simply the stele itself or itsthe imagery. Luwian I context argue here constrains that it is the crucial term to attend to the visual dimensions of the stele as a whole, including the frame and the textual imagery in addition to the text content. The relationship between image, text- image, and text-content suggests an ancient emphasis on the visual quality of the stele as a locus of personhood and agency, and that the soul here is neither the Wes- tern pneuma nor a mere portrait. The total image is rather a distribution of the person Katumuwa independent of his being alive or dead, capable of active participa-

82 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W4 Tuesday, 16.30 – 17.00

Jacob Dahl, Hendrik Hameeuw, Looking both Forward and Back: Imaging Cuneiform Klaus Wagensonner (Oxford University and KU Leuven) Imaging the three-dimensional cunei- and processing time), potentially limiting form characters, written in clay, metal and - on stone, has been a challenge since Cars- cient inscribed artifacts, and making them ten Niebuhr, Henry Rawlinson and Julius availableaccess to thewith data. searchable Producing metadata images allows of an - research to ask both traditional research tions in the 19th century. Since then, hund- questions as well as entirely new ones, in redsOppert of published thousands the of first these of these inscriptions inscrip fact, we may not always know what ques- have been drawn, photographed, scanned, tions researchers will ask of the data. In vectorized, hologramed. They have been this paper, we will draw on our expertise included and assembled in printed publi- in cultural heritage imaging built up over cations, online databases and annotated media. Today, the importance of imaging these inscriptions is highlighted by the the past two decades in Leuven (portable rapid destruction of this shared world he- pathdome towards project) imaging and Oxford-Los any and all Angeles- cunei- - formBerlin documents. (CDLI), and suggest a sustainable ding that all inscribed objects from the ritage in the Near East, and an understan we want to ask what do specialists need, whatancient are Near the Eastrequirements are fragile. that In both our talkAs- syriologists and colleagues from related - on of ancient inscribed artifacts? In recent years,fields expectinteractive from 2D+the visual and 3Ddocumentati models of ancient inscriptions have been produced that conceal metric data which surpass the pure imaging purpose. But reliance on such cutting edge technologies comes at a great increase in cost (equipment, capture www.rai.unibe.ch 83 Thursday, 15.00 – 15.30

Images of Love and Loss: Dumuzi and Inana in Myth and Ritual Paul Delnero (The Johns Hopkins University) prominently in Mesopotamian myths and ritualsThe during deities the Dumuzi third and early Inana second figure loss. While Dumuzi and Inana are equally presentmillennia in BCE myths as embodimentsand rituals from of love this andpe- riod, most studies of the two deities have tended to focus on either the mythological or the ritual dimensions of their relationship, but only rarely on both together. One consequence of separating the two sources of evidence in this way is that the - tions of the relationship between Dumuzi andmyths Inana, are typically while the seen rituals as passive are viewed reflec as symbolic expressions of their relationship. However, myths are almost never static and rituals are just as rarely pure- ly symbolic, and when combined myth and ritual can be used performatively to some aspect of social reality. In this paper, theactively performative create, reconfigure, function of or the transform Dumuzi and Inana tradition will be considered by examining the use of ritual language and imagery in a group of Sumerian cultic la- ments about the two deities.

84 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W1 Monday, 14.30 – 15.00

An Holistic Approach: What the First Millennium BC Levantine Ivories Tell us and what they Could Tell us about Production Silvana Di Paolo (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche)

The circumstances in which the first millennium BC Levantine ivories were discovered has had a significant impact aton Nimrud,scholarship. this materialSince the has first been excavations studied carried out by H.A. Layard and W.K. Loftus one and a half centuries, “we have reached and classified on stylistic grounds. After of this workshop. What else can be done? Recenta deadlock” scholarship as observed has greatly by the expandedorganizer our knowledge of ivory carving. The close with the publication of carving debris fromexamination Bronze Age of finishedand Classical objects, sites, alonghave allowed scholars to bring voice to those issues on which the ancients remained largely silent, namely, ivory trade, modes of production, techniques of carving and so- called workshop practices. What can we surmise about these aspects from earlier can this unique material still tell us? publications of Levantine ivories? What

www.rai.unibe.ch 85 Monday, 12.00 – 12.30

Michael Dick (Siena College) Mīs Pî: From Clay to Silicon

In 2001, Christopher Walker and I the processes required for this conversion and ask for your contributions and „The Induction of the Cult Image in An- suggestions. For example, in many cases cientpublished Mesopotamia“ the critical (Stateedition Archivesof Mīs Pî inof I need your help in securing photographs - that were not included in the original ceived countless thoughtful and detailed 2001 book. I shall also show conversion reviews,Assyria Literary none more Texts so I). than That that edition of Rykle re Borger. These reviews pointed out impro- (pp. 192–207 of the original book). I as- ved readings, based on duplicate texts; sumework onthis Incantation project epitomizes Tablet 5 the of Mīstheme Pî corrections to typographical or factual errors; new textual sources that had not Although Christopher Walker has retired originally been included. Several Assyrio- fromof this this year’s project, Rencontre its subsequrent “Text and Image.” digital logists have emailed new texts to Chris- progression would not have been possible topher Walker even in his retirement. I without his groundbreaking work. had typed the original camera-ready copy in Microsoft Word using a non-Unicode proprietarily encoded font. In 2010, I had

Unicode. I have carefully vetted these and wherethe book warranted files professionally (95% of the converted time) inclu to-

- bleded orthese optimal in the to original print a Word second files edition. (now TheWord best 2010). venue It iswould no longer be a web-pagefiscally feasi publication that scholars could dynamically update. Consequently, I am working with Steve Tinney at Oracc at the University of Pennsylvania. This paper will go over 86 www.rai.unibe.ch Thursday, 16.00 – 16.30

The 1988–1992 Seasons An Overview on Üçtepe (Tushan?) Excavations:

Şevket Dönmez (Istanbul University) The excavations at Üçtepe, which is located near Bismil District of Diyarbakır- Province,se excavations, were whichcarried is out known between as the 1988 site andwhere 1992 the for Kurkh the total Monoliths of five seasons.were found, The uncovered a series of settlements from - ze Age. The excavation at the site, one of theRoman largest Imperial mounds Period in the toSouth Early of Tigris, Bron - cially the monumental architecture and thecommenced fragments in of twelvewall-paintings trenches. dated Espe to settlement.the Neo-Assyrian In the Period days when characterizes the localiza the- tionpresence of Tushan, of the the Assyrian important Empire provincial in the the discoveries from Üctepe become all thecenter more of important. Assyran Empire, is discussed,

www.rai.unibe.ch 87 Tuesday, 09.30 – 10.00

The Inscription of Tiglath-Pileser III at Mila Mergi Revisited Alexander Edmonds (University of Tübingen) The rock relief and inscription of was recently destroyed by looters; the - author’s reconstruction of the recovered huk, Iraqi Kurdistan, is a vital case study fragments, now in the Dohuk Museum, is forTiglath-Pileser Neo-Assyrian III atexpansion, Mila Mergi, describing near Do the annexation of the land of Ulluba on the Assyrian periphery during a period of pro- also briefly touched upon. tracted competition between Assyria and Urartu over the buffer states and ‘Habhu lands’ of northern Iraq and south-eastern Anatolia.

1973, it has since remained inaccessible dueFirst to various published political by factors, J. N. Postgate following in studies hence basing themselves upon - mentation of the relief. Revisited by the authorPostgate’s in the explicitly summer preliminary of 2014 as a docu part - vey of the University of Tübingen to Iraqi Kurdistan,of the Eastern the reliefHabur has Archaeological now been further Sur documented despite its now unfortunate- ly highly damaged state. This presentation reports upon the state of preservation of the relief and uses the relief both philologically and icono- graphically.the new fieldwork A large in portion order toof re-examineits surface

88 www.rai.unibe.ch Poster

The “Writing on the Wall” Reconsidered:

Daniel 5:25 in the Light of Mesopotamian Omen Literature Réka Esztári (Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest), AdámOur Vér poster (Eötvös concerns Loránd the University, reception Budapest) of or origin, several attempts were made to the motif and the text of the famous “wri- - however, this could not been convincingly find the concrete antitype of its actual text, Daniel.ting on the wall”, the story of which con textual tradition. The present poster, upon stitutes the fifth chapter of the Book of defined thus far within the Mesopotamian This story is actually the earliest ex- applying further Mesopotamian exegeti- ample of a new method of communica- cal tools, even such learned interpretati- tion with the divine recorded in the Bible, ve methods are based on and dependent which was virtually nonexistent before the upon the essential characteristics of the exile: the interpretation of a written text – - originating from God. The four enigmatic ne such an antitype, offering at once a new cuneiform writing system, intends to defi words (menē’ menē’ teqēl ûparsîn, accor- possible solution to this age-old riddle. ding to the Masoretic text) were deciphered by Daniel with the aid of paronomasia, a popular exegetic tool applied already by the Mesopotamian commentaries of the the Aramaic text gains a new shade of meaning.first millennium However, duringBCE, by the means last ofone which and a half century, several scholars suggested that the original meaning of this four words differed from the one offered by Daniel in the course of the story. Since the writing has long been considered as one of the numerous motifs of the Book which have a general Mesopotamian background www.rai.unibe.ch 89 Workshop W1 Monday, 17.30 – 18.00

Marian Feldman (The Johns Hopkins University) Consuming Ivories in the Iron Age Levant

political, economic, and cultic contexts of overwhelmingly focused on questions use and appreciation. relatingStudies to their on production, Levantine ivoriesin particular have or workshops. These studies remain con- testedattempting and inconclusive. to locate specific centers and/ In this paper, I would like to shift attention to the other side of the equation, away from production and onto questions of use and consumption. Some of these questions can be explored through an examination of the ivory objects’ forms themselves, whether the ivories were discovered in

Assyrian storehouses. For example, the ty- pesthe Levantof furnishings, or elsewhere containers – most and notably utensils in most frequently represented among the assemblages can inform on social practices such as display or feasting at the elite level. Other questions can be investigated through a close examination of a few select instances in which the ivories remained in at Hama and Tell Halaf. Although the evi- denceprimary is fragmentary, Levantine contexts, shifting forattention example to questions of consumption reinserts these ivories into their original Levantine social,

90 www.rai.unibe.ch Monday, 12.30 – 13.00

Die Koexistenz von chinesischen und westlichen visuellen

Ulrike Felsing (Haute École d‘art et de design, Genève) Kulturen in zeitgenössischen Infografiken

Den Ausgangspunkt der Forschung historische und mediale Dimensionen. In - ken ergänzen wir die Originale um dieses gesamtenbildet die Bild-Enzyklopädiedamaligen Wissen Sancai Chinas. Tuhui Die den neu entwickelten Informationsgrafi- (1609), eine Sammlung von Grafiken zum zutage zum Verständnis der Darstellun- Wie können wir Zugang schaffen zu Wis- genspezifische fehlt. Dazu Bezugssystem, gehören u.a. das Wissen uns heutüber sensquellenLeitfrage unserer anderer Forschungsgruppe Kulturen und Zeiten? ist: die Bedingungen der Bildproduktion und Auf der methodischen Grundlage von - Nelson Goodmans Symboltheorie ent- renzsystem der Zeichen und die Gestal- -rezeption, wie Leserichtungen, das Refe

– visuelle Übersetzungen – des chinesi- Der Beitrag präsentiert „Die Koexis- tungsstruktur der Grafiken. wickelnschen Wissensschatzes. wir neue Informationsgrafiken Diese bewegen tenz von chinesischen und westlichen vi- sich zwischen bildlichen und sprachlichen suellen Kulturen“, gefördert vom Schwei- Systemen, zwischen Konkretion und Abs- zerischen Nationalfonds (2012–2015). - mentiert Goodman, dass sogar „Realismus relativtraktion. [ist]; In Languages er wird durch of Art das (1976) Repräsen argu- tationssystem festgelegt, das für eine ge- - benen Zeit die Norm ist“. gebene Kultur oder Person zu einer gege Sichtbares, visualisiertes Wissen ist stets gebunden an – nicht direkt sichtba- re – kulturelle Vorstellungen und mediales Wissen einer bestimmten Zeit. Goodman nennt dies das ‹Bezugssystem›, in ihm verknüpfen sich soziokulturelle, ethische,

www.rai.unibe.ch 91 Friday, 09.00 – 09.30

Images Painted with Words: The Imagery of Legal Texts from Emar and Ekalte Lena Fijalkowska (University of Lodz) Images may be created in many diffe- feelings, otherwise rarely mirrored in do- rent ways, such as painting, drawing, car- cuments of this kind. ving; they can also be evoked with words. And although legal texts are not exactly known for their vivid depiction of the world, some of them are less rigid than others. This is particularly the case with documents originating from peripheral regions, such as Syrian cities of Emar and The aim of the paper is to analyze Ekalte. the imagery of these texts, found in the presentation of the facts of the case as well as in legal clauses. Documents concerning family law are of particular interest; frequently it seems as if the scribes simply noted what the parties dictated, hence lively if sad stories of famine, po- verty, distress. The same is true for legal clauses, sometimes elaborate enough to make us wonder whether to understand degree. Those verbal images allow for a them literally or figuratively, and to what real people hidden under the names from legalrare glimpse formulas, “behind their theproblems scenes”, and showing their

92 www.rai.unibe.ch Tuesday, 16.30 – 17.00

The Nuzi Apprenticeship Contracts

Jeanette C. Fincke (Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, Leiden) A search of the Nuzi texts for tablets referring to apprenticeships has produced four tablets. The professions con-

- cerned are the “profession of a weaver” (išparūtu, JEN 572), the “trade of a bar ber” (gallabūtu, EN 9/3, 87), the “trade of a smith” (nappaḫūtu, HSS XIX 59), and wouldthe trade have about instructed which ahis “silver apprentice. smith” These(nappaḫu four šacontracts KÙ.BABBAR, will be ENexamined 9/1, 257) and - nian apprenticeship contracts. compared with the Neo- and Late Babylo

www.rai.unibe.ch 93 Workshop W3 Tuesday, 09.30 – 10.00

System and Society: The Near East in the Second Millennium BCE Lucas G. Freire (University of Exeter) Scholarship on the international rela- to some extent presents a challenge to traditional power-politics narratives. politics.tions of theFor secondInternational millennium Relations BCE Near(IR) East has stressed the dynamics of power alleged perennial problem of anarchy bet- weentheory, polities, this would similar seem to a Hobbesian to confirm state the of nature. The standard IR theory postula- tes for such a situation is that stability is kept through a balance-of-power mecha- nism. In this paper, however, it is argued that - lennium formed not only a state system, butthe Neara society Eastern of polities inof themultiple second tiers. mil Order was maintained by institutions such as alliances, international law, diplomacy, war and the ‚Club of Great Kings.‘ Key goals of such institutions were to control vio- lence, to reassure that promises would be kept and to clarify and preserve the rights

The conscious pursuit of these goals via institutionalisedof jurisdiction and practices spheres led of to influence. stability and order. Because of anarchy, these goals were only imperfectly attained. Because of sociability, the fact that they were attained

94 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W7 Thursday, 16.00 – 16.30

Semantic Examination of Akkadian Verbs of Perception Elke Friedrich (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) found in epistolary texts and the effect of senses and sensory perception since anti- - quityWhoever until modern is engaged times might in the realize field in of- tic change is determined, and consequent- stantly that a hierarchic ranking of senses lythe semanticenclitic particle extensions “-ma” toon theirother seman sense appears to be the most competent means modalities are ascertained, e.g. the word of providing an overview of the psycholo- šemû may extend to sight. In addition, an gy of perception. This paper stems from examination of Akkadian adjectives which - refer to any primary sensory experience: touch, taste, smell or sound is followed by sensesmy PhD or thesis sensory in progress order and and theaims ranking to stu a generalization on semantic change in accordeddy the Ancient to smell, Near sight, Eastern sound, hierarchy taste and of Akkadian synesthetic adjectives. touch based on the semantic examination of Akkadian verbs of sensual perception. The examined verbs, dating from 1900– - lary texts, since the use of everyday lan- guage1000 BCEin communication are mainly taken survived from to episto some noteworthy degree in this form. In addition, literary sources were considered.

- lyThis sets analysis forth to first list the provides Akkadian a definition verbs of singleof “verbs sense of perception”,modalities. Having and consequent done that, a comprehensive examination and an ini- tial semantic study of these verbs results in dividing them according to their respective activity, experience and copulative components. In a consecutive step, verbs www.rai.unibe.ch 95 Workshop W11 Friday, 16.50 – 17.00

Gösta Gabriel (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) Design Thinking and the Ancient Near East

Worldwide there are just a few peo-

So they only have little resources both concerningple who deal time with and the money. Ancient Furthermo Near East.- re, Ancient Mesopotamia does not have impressive pyramids or pittoresque archaeological sites made of white marble.

- ningToday these when problems people hear how of is theit possible Near East to fascinatethey first thethink society of war and and decision terror. Concermakers for the beauty and importance of Anci- ent Mesopotamia? This challenge is a so called ‚wicked problem‘. Design Thinking is an approach of innovation management that deals especially with these ‚wicked problems‘. The paper will present an idea solution. how design thinkers might help to find a

96 www.rai.unibe.ch Friday, 11.30 – 12.00

Fate Between Speech and Scripture – A Systematic View on the Akkadian Concepts of Šimtu and Naming/Names

Gösta Gabriel (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen)

The idea of fate determined by the cuneiform scripture is deliberately used to express a complex set of meaning that can world view. This paper will show re-cent be decoded like an omen. resultsgods is centralof the author’sto the Ancient research Near and Eastern map the underlying structure of the Akkadian concept of fate. The latter consists of the

Bothmore havegeneral an oralmodel and of a šīmtu literal and side. the more specific approach of naming and names. Based on John Searle’s speech act the- - tive, unilateral, intentional, divine speech act.ory, šīmtuInitially can fate be understoodis oral, but as the a declara divine decision is written down (e.g. in the liver of a sheep) and thus can be read. Reading implies knowledge and knowledge enab- les an appeal trial. So in the end, fate, although meant to be unchangeable, can be

Naming, however, automatically ex- influenced. cludes any changes. The named person or object bears the qualities that the name displays, and names are given for a life time. A name’s semantic elements are not only bound to its oral, but also to its written form. Here, the polysemic character of

www.rai.unibe.ch 97 Monday, 12.00 – 12.30

Not the Aššur you’re Thinking of: On the Location of Aššur Province in the Middle Assyrian Kingdom Paul Gauthier (University of Chicago) For some time scholarship on the - ty accounting for how the Middle Assyr- ianMiddle kingdom Assyrian had kingdom two different has had provinces difficul that appear to be named after the Assy- therian capital capital: city Libbi-āle of Aššur, and scholars Aššur. haveWhile not it foundis clear a thatconvincing Libbi-āle explanation actually contained for why there should be a second capital province. In this paper I will argue that the Aššur in the name of that province does not refer to the Assyrian capital, but a provincial center in the northwest of the kingdom. Furthermore, I will present evidence that most references to the name Aššur in Middle Assyrian administrative texts refer to this provincial center rather than the more familiar capital city of Aššur. As a result it will be necessary to reinterpret much of the administrative evidence previously adduced for relations between the Assyrian capital and its provinces in Midd- le Assyrian times.

98 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W8 Thursday, 09.00 – 09.30

The Image of Babylonian Medicine within Medical History

Mark Geller

Herodotus’ jarringly odd description of Babylonian healing practices continues to puzzle scholars. The ‘image’ of Babylo- nian medicine as a discipline can be viewed both from within and without, to see how ancients viewed healing arts in contrast to modern views of ancient medicine.

www.rai.unibe.ch 99 Workshop W2 Monday, 15.30 – 16.00

Mesopotamian Incantations in the Schøyen Collection

Andrew George (University of London) The Sumerian and Akkadian incantation tablets in the Schøyen Collection range

Assyrian periods, but the majority are of Oldin date Babylonian from the date. Early Most Dynastic are composed to Neo- in Sumerian, but some are in Akkadian and a few are in lesser-known languages. and consecration, sickness and pain, de- monsThe topics and theaddressed evil eye, include scorpion purification sting and snake bite, childbirth and crying babies. This paper gives a survey of the tablets, and draws attention to some advances in knowledge that they occasion.

100 www.rai.unibe.ch Monday, 11.30 – 12.00

Gérard Gertoux (Maison de l‘Orient et de la Méditerranée) Dating the Reigns of Xerxes and Artaxerxes

- toriansThe for pivotal many date years of 465without BCE notable for the rxes has to be dated 24 August 475 BCE.- deathcontroversy. of Xerxes However, has been according accepted to by Thu his- nesianLikewise, War the IV:50-52) death of justArtaxerxes before aI ispartial fixed cydides, a historian renowned for his high precisely by Thucydides (The Pelopon chronological accuracy, Themistocles met would imply an absurd co-regency of Da- riussolar II eclipsewith a dead (21 Marchking during 424 BCE)at least which one his father, just after the fall of Nexos (The Artaxerxes, who had succeeded Xerxes,- effectively described a long co-regency of cured after the fall of Skyros dated at the year! In fact, Plutarch and Justinus have Peloponnesian War I:98;137) which oc (434–426), not Darius II, and afterward Artaxerxes but with his first son Darius B Theseusbeginning §§35,36). of the archonship Thus, the meetingof Phaedo with in then Sogdianus for 7 months, which occu- Themistocles476 BCE, according would have to Plutarch occurred (Life soon of redtwo beforeshorts the reigns: reign Xerxes of Darius II for II. 2 months after 475/474, not 465/464. The arrangement of the intercalary The present Achaemenid chronolo- months in a chronology without co-regen- - cy has several anomalies, especially the an king lists which ignore coregents and presence of two months Ulul in a single gy comes mainly from official Babyloni- cycle. By contrast, in a chronology with dicted by contracts dated in „year, month, co-regency, and thus two distinct cycles, day“usurpers. proving This the official existence version of isfrequent contra the abnormal intercalary month in year co-regencies and usurpers. In addition, according to the astronomical tablet re- 30 of Darius (Persepolis) corresponds to is dated 14/V/21 between two lunar ec- another cycle ending in year 4 of Xerxes. lipses,ferenced one BM dated 32234, 14/III/21 the death (26 ofJune Xerxes 475 theThe co-regency titulature of 10 Xerxes years (496–475) with Darius in - Egypt and the data of Diodorus confirm with many double dates with civil and lu- BCE), which was total, and a second da- nar(522–486), calendars. likewise Elephantine papyri ted 14/VIII/21 (20 December 475 BCE), whichwww.rai.unibe.ch was partial. Thus the death of Xe 101 Friday, 16.00 – 16.30

No Image Available: Sealing Old Babylonian Contracts

Anne Goddeeris (Ghent University)

Much to the frustration of colleagues seals are enrolled. interested in seal iconography, Old Ba- bylonian civilians tend to enrol only the These burgul seals are not manufac- legends of their cylinder seals on the con- tured for individuals who, for some rea- tracts they are concluding or witnessing. son, do not own their proper seal, but are devices in the administrative practices sealing the contract prevails over aesthe- prevailing in the city where the contract ticConfirmation factors. of the name of the party is written. These throw-away seals must The status attached to the ownership be studied in the larger framework of Old of an expensive seal made of precious Babylonian diplomacy, which rigidly focus precious metal, with a well-chosen, meti- who are required to seal the contracts stone and sometimes finished off with culously crafted scene engraved on it, is throughon the correct legends identification or inscriptions. of the parties disconnected from its function as formal - tract. Correct sealing practices (which partyidentifier seals needed on what to authenticatetype of document a con with which type of seal?) vary regionally as well as diachronically. In some Old Ba- bylonian cities, impressions of a special type of seal, engraved on the occasion of the transaction, are required to validate contracts. Only the name and patronymic of the contracting parties Nowadays, we seal-cutter, Sumerian bur-gul, who often witnessescall these the seals contracts “burgul seals”,on which after these the

102 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W10 Friday, 10.00 – 10.30

The Size of the Things:

Metrological Practices in the Old Babylonian Diyala Carlos Gonçalves (University of São Paulo) This paper studies measurement values, abstract numbers and calculations in the scope of Old Babylonian mathematical tablets from the region of the Diyala. The measurement units used in these tablets first aim is to provide a description of the ners in which scribes employed them. The paperand to also offer presents a classification a new interpretation of the man- for the issue of the ‘orders of magnitude’ in cuneiform mathematics, by analysing how the structure of metrological systems was involved in calculations.

www.rai.unibe.ch 103 Workshop W4 Tuesday, 12.00 – 12.30

The Cult of Ea in Babylon: Naming Practices and Social Trends Shai Gordin (Tel Aviv University and the Hebrew University) during the “Long Sixth-Century” (626–484 BCE)

Babylonian urban landscape between hand, very few actual cult activities or the onset of the Neo-Babylonian dynasty his circle of deities, except in certain an- cientname fossilizedgiving practices family invokenames Enki/Eaand in seve and- ofup local till the ancient rebellions families against and nouveau-richXerxes („The ral hundred personal names mostly from businessLong Sixth-century“) entrepreneurs, was afarmers, complex work-mesh the city of Babylon. Why Babylon? Apart gangs, foreigners, slaves and many other - les carried a name, whose characteristics alreadyfrom the lends obvious itself kinship in the syncretism of Bēl-Marduk bet- maysocial indicate circles. Eachethnic, member religious, of these political, circ weento Enki/Ea the two as hisdeities, son, which one possible took place hint and even, to a certain extent, personal afin names of this period is the prominence during the second millennium BCE, and is offinities. the theophoric One of the mostelements common of Nabû features and Inbased light on of the these association issues, how of Enki/Ea‘s can one chacity- of Eridu and Marduk‘s capital in Babylon.- Neo-Babylonian state were given prefe- duals in Babylon? Are we looking at social renceBēl-Marduk. over the These ancient imperial revered deities triad of the racterize the group of Ea-bearing indivi personal reverence, like the Old Babyloni- circles who kept their affinity to Ea from „great gods“ Anu, Enlil and Ea. is one of the most perplexing during this paper I will discuss the chronological dis- an Eridu priests who settled in Ur? In my lateOut period. of the On the three, one the hand, cult its of important Enki/Ea place is preserved in ritual compositions from Babylon, and attempt to reconstruct theirtribution social of circles c. 400 based Ea-named on role, individuals function, and other important textual links. and patron prayers, of which the exorcists‘ perpetuate and Enki/Ea‘sdiviners‘ sacredcentral ritual function knowledge. as water On giver, the purifier other

104 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W11 Friday, 14.10 – 14.20

Why Mesopotamia Matters

Ann Guinan and

Judy Bjorkman (University of Pennsylvania) In 1990, a few months before his can be incorporated into a school curricu- death, we gathered at Samuel Noah lum. Kramer’s apartment to celebrate his 93rd birthday. After all the toasts, Kramer stood up. He told us what he was presently working on, what a joy his profession was to him, and then he offered a toast to the Su- merians, calling them “The World’s First may be a bit of a stretch, it makes a com- pellingHumanists.” story and While I have the used characterization this aspect of Mesopotamian civilization as the basis of 25 years outreach presentations to school groups of all ages. Samuel Noah Kramer’s writings, although now outdated and largely ignored, - discussat the time ways gave in which the field Kramer’s a prominent “populari pro- file in the outside world. I would like to a sophisticated updating. zing” approach can be revisited and given Judy Bjorkman presents an outreach result of yearly presentations to a Uni- tedprogram States thatMiddle has School. been fine-tunedShe will discuss as a ways in which scholars and teachers can work together to construct programs that

www.rai.unibe.ch 105 Workshop W3 Tuesday, 09.00 – 09.30

The Balance of Power and Geopolitics in the Hittite-Egypt-Mitanni System Serdar Ş. Güner (Bilkent University) and the avoidance of two-front wars did formed and dissolved alliances, resisted not concern only minds of German milita- threats,The kingdomsand tried to of preserve the Near their East exis have- ry strategists like Von Moltke and Schlief- tence during the middle Bronze-Age era, fen prior to the First World War. Geopoli- 3500 year ago. This paper analyzes balan- tical positions and calculations mattered cing moves and geopolitics in the trian- regardless history. orbited by lesser kingdoms such as Baby- gular system of Egypt, Hatti, and Mitanni the principal logic of the balance-of-power theory,lonia, Assyria, namely, and oppose Alashiya. an emerging We find pow that- er by forming alliances was, operational in those bygone days as well. The Mitanni ruler Saussatar who had established control in upper-east Mesopotamia clashed in 1472 BC. However, under Hittite threat, Saussatar‘swith Egypt underson Artatama the rule ofhad Thutmose chosen IIIto war. Similarly, prior to the emergence of align with Egypt to prevent a two-front- the bipolar Near Eastern Bronze-Age sys tem of Egypt-Hatti, Tushratta, the ruler of Mitanni, asked for Egyptian help against alignmentsthe Hittite withEmpire the rather lesser thanof the asking two evils for Hittite help to circumvent Egypt. Hence,

106 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W11 Friday, 16.40 – 16.50

The Assyrian Empire: A Board Game in Arabic and Kurdish Lanah Haddad (Universität Frankfurt) The idea of our project is to present archaeological and historical knowledge in a game at museums and book fairs to reach userfriendly and non-professional way. afirst broader place. audience. But we also want to display the The game is based more on facts than on fantasy despite to popular board games. The manual and the playing cards will be in Arabic and Kurdish. We want to present knowledge about the most important periods of Mesopotamia to this generation. -

Thein south Assyrian Mesopotamia Empire will follow.be the Complex first se informationries. Other periods should like be explainedthe Early Dynasticthrough the actions in the game to give a better understanding of settlement and society amusement.development In in this the way Ancient we hope Near to East.gain theEducation awareness should and be interests combined of the here people, with but more important is that the locals can feel connected to the archaeological sites and artefacts, so that they understand the value and hopefully take responsibility for their cultural heritage. Since this game is complex and new for this region, we want to address it to students at schools and universities in the

www.rai.unibe.ch 107 Thursday, 15.00 – 15.30

Burial and the Hittite Royal Funerary Ritual Text, šalliš waštaiš Lightly Toasted: Cross-Interpretation Between a kārum Period

Yağmur Heffron (University of Cambridge) This paper takes as its starting point also because both couples were given gold a rather unusual double burial (dated to eye- and mouth-covers. Attested in seve- 20th–19th c. BC) from Kültepe-Kanesh, ral other Kültepe graves, such covers are in which the two adult occupants were almost certainly the material correlates of described as having been partially burnt. those described in the šalliš waštaiš text. In all other respects, however, this grave This match between text and artefact rai- is very much in keeping with traditions - of straightforward interment than with tinuity in terms of identifying early fore- full cremation. Archaeologically, the lat- runnersses significant of Hittite questions royal customs of cultural amongst con ter custom securely manifests itself in ordinary Kanešeans in an Assyrian mer- extramural cemeteries attributed to the chant enclave. Hittite sphere (17th–14th c. BC.), well and truly distinct from the intramural burials cremation as a peculiarly Hittite predilec- encountered in kārum houses. Indeed, attested by the detailed textual account of thetion Royal– at least Funerary in an elite Ritual, context šalliš – iswaštaiš, firmly in which the deceased king and queen are burned at a pyre. It is in fact in this textual account, rather than archaeological parallels, with suggests an intriguing link between the ‘lightly toasted’ occupants of the Kanešean grave and the royal protagonists of šalliš waštaiš…not only because they have been exposed to fire, but

108 www.rai.unibe.ch www.rai.unibe.ch 109 110 www.rai.unibe.ch www.rai.unibe.ch 111 Tuesday, 10.00 – 10.30

Sanae Ito (University of Helsinki) Assurbanipal’s Egalitarianism

As a true Assyrian king, Assurbanipal followed the tradition established by his predecessors, while he was an innovative king who stressed his benevolent and favourable attitude towards potential enemies

His royal letters sent to the Southern and and subjects in a difficult political context. suggest the shift of the ideological royal imageEastern from Mesopotamian a general warrior region image strongly of the king to a favourable, merciful, attentive and solicitous king in order to detach the political elites and citizens from rebellious

Of the royal image that Assurbanipal Šamaš-šumu-ukīn and his allies. promoted in his royal letters, his pionee- ring self-presentation is egalitarianism.

In his two letters, ABL 287 addressed to peoplethe citizens equally. of Nippur, I examine and theABL contents 295 to the of thecitizens missives of Rāši, and he reveal declares their that political he treats situation in specific moments.

112 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W11 Friday, 16.10 – 16.20

Andrew Jamieson (University of Melbourne) Community Engagement and Near Eastern Archaeology

apparent that the fate of contemporary highlights the critical need to engage and cultural heritage may have a direct effect involveThe local current communities crisis in in the cultural Near heri East- on the preservation of colocated archa- tage processes and protection. For examp- eological monuments and collections in Wadi Tishreen. a long way to go to bring local communi- tiesle, in into the Nearthe archaeological Eastern context process. there is This still paper discusses a Syrian-Australian research project to conserve, study and ex- hibit cultural heritage artefacts extant in known as Wadi Tishreen, that was advan- Syria’s north west Euphrates River valley, began in 2011. The project’s vision is to createced in on-site planning in whenWadi theTishreen Syrian a conflictsecure storage, interpretation and community education centre for Syrians and interna- - nities in Wadi Tishreen are intrinsic to the projecttional scholars as it consciously and visitors. seeks Local to confrontcommu the dominant privileging of ancient heritage by extending its reach to include the preservation of recent historical and contemporary cultural artefacts. In the midst of widespread looting and destruction of ancient sites across Syria, this paper examines the current status of contemporary cultural heritage in Wadi Tishreen. It is www.rai.unibe.ch 113 Monday, 11.30 – 12.00

An Open Scientific Collaboration for Studying Relationships between Entities and their Agency: Bibliographical Notices of Inflectional Morphemes and Datamining Vanessa Juloux (EPHE, France) The starting point of this project was guaranties full interaction between philo- to draw up a database (DB) for studying logical data and bibliographical notices of the relationships between entities (human or divine) and their agency (socially The DB was designed for, and accor- sex based) for my doctoral work. This inflectional paradigms. project rapidly adopted a collaborative dimension assuming the digital age was ording corpus. to inflectional This platform paradigms is availableand entities to a fantastic opportunity to change the way scientists— extracted studying from relationships scientific publications between we work, by adopting a new methodology - from the beginning of writing to late An- gy and anthropology. This concept came tiquity.entities and/or their agency of the ANE fromfor sharing two distinct data observations: in the fields ofthe philolo lack of digital bibliographical notes specialized in the relationships between entities; bibliographical references about relationships from other scientists can provide relevant informations to ‘my’ DB of bibliographical references, and even for comparative purposes. In other words, even if scientists work individually, they contribute collectively, in real-time. This concept of to enrich the open scientific DB, and this paradigmsopen scientific into corpus collaboration was not would given, havethat been unfinished if the option to inventory

114 www.rai.unibe.ch Poster Meanings of Images on Cuneiform Cylinder Seals

Srinivasan Kalyanaraman (Sarasvati Research Center)

Hundreds of cuneiform cylinder seals of the Bronze Age contain vivid iconographic narratives and details. Such images are often dismissed as ‚banquet scenes‘ or ‚heraldry‘. With my work related to the transactions on the Tin Road which exten- solutionded from exists Hanoi to in explain the Ancient the ‚meanings‘ Far East toof theseHaifa imagein the narrativesAncient Near in terms East, ofa possible philology. Many of these artifacts may be explained as artistic representations presented by Meluhha (Mleccha) from speakers who mediated the evolution of tin-bronzes which revolutionized the Bronze Age by making available tin from the largest re- source of the globe: the tin belt of Anci- read as a writing system, mostly in the forment Far of East.hieroglyphs, The cipher was for a layeredthe narratives rebus- metonymy, as a specialised form of metaphor or trope. I will present many examples from the reading of the Warka Vase, the Gold Disc in Kuwait al Sabah Museum, the Shu-ilishu cylinder seal of Meluhha seafa- ring merchant, to link the now isolated disciplines of iconography, iconology and philology. www.rai.unibe.ch 115 Thursday, 09.30 – 10.00

Une nouvelle archive privée d’un marchand sumérien

à l’époque d’Ur III Ari Kamil (Université Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris) Une importante collection de docu- ou dans les archives récemment publiées ments cunéiformes est désormais con- d’Irisagrig. D’autres encore semblent de- servée au musée de Suleymaniyeh (Kur- l’on retrouve également des noms de mois petit lot d’une centaine de tablettes, qui sevoir attachant être rattachés au Reichskalender. au calendrier d’Adab. Et dis-tan irakien). Parmi eux se trouve un constitue les archives privées d’un nou- Cette communication présentera les veau marchand de l’époque d’Ur III qui pièces du dossier (83 tablettes) ainsi que - les résultats de la recherche interne menée pour déterminer les origines possibles de était jusqu’à présent complètement in l’archive. On regardera ce que furent les désormaisconnu: un dénommébien connues Eṣidum. de deux Ces autres pièces „hommesd’archives d’affaires“ s’apparentent de cette de époque: près à SI.A-a celles et Tûram-ilî. Ibbi-Suenactivités d’Eṣidum 3) et on examinera pendant les les 34 éventuels ans de liensson parcours avec les deuxprofessionnel autres archives (de Šulgi de SI.A-a 37 à - et Tûram-ilî. Eṣidum porte le titre de marchand mentées dans ses archives consiste en des - (dam-gàr). L’essentiel des opérations docu prêts d’orge et d’argent. Mais il procède taire des archives administratives d’Ur III, lesComparée archives à privéesl’énorme de masse marchands documen de- meurent peu nombreuses, mais c’est ce aussi à des ventes et achats. d’ailleursL’origine de ses géographique deux confrères. des Mais archives elles la synthèse récente présentée sur ce sujet présententd’Eṣidum demeure le grand inconnue, intérêt d’être comme datées celle qui en fait tout le prix. En complément de avec des noms de mois qui ne sont pas tous très courants. Certains de ces noms de mois pouvaitpar S. Garfinkle être un marchand (CUSAS 22,faisant 2012), des notreaffai- recherche vise à mieux comprendre ce que dans les archives de SI.A-a ou Tûram-ilî, millénaire. s’apparentent à ceux que l’on trouve déjà res pour son propre compte à la fin de IIIe

116 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W6 Tuesday, 15.00 – 15.30

from a Text: A Case Study Problems of Iconographic Interpretation when Starting Othmar Keel and Bible+Orient Museum, Fribourg) Florian Lippke (Department for Biblical Studies, De Dea Syria Based on an excerpt from Lucian’s the Egyptologist Ph. Derchain (VTinterpreted 20/1970). an This Egyptian view reliefwas adopted of Ramses by manyII. as aauthors representation (as for exampleof a child Spalinger, sacrifice Heider, Stager and Yurco). Derchain cho- se an example from Ashekelon which is in a rather bad condition. However, there of Canaanite fortresses with depictions of inhabitantsare at least carryingten Egyptian children representations in a similar manner. Many of these examples are much better preserved than the Ashkelon relief. Derchain neglected the request by H. Frankfort (1934) to establish an iconographic standard version as an equivalent of a standard text prior to interpretation. Following Frankfort’s advice it is possible to show that Derchain’s interpretation cannot be sustained.

www.rai.unibe.ch 117 Workshop W1 Monday, 17.00 – 17.30

In the Realm of Images:

David Kertai (Tel Aviv University) The Use of Ivories within Late Assyrian Palaces Assyrian palaces are renowned for the large reliefs that decorated their more monumental walls. These reliefs communicated with a diverse audience of courtiers, visitors, gods and demons. Though better known, reliefs were part of a much more extensive realm of images, including wall paintings, furniture and clothes, which palaces. This paper will discuss the role andprovided importance significance of other to themedia spaces within of the palace by presenting a case study on the role and importance of ivories within As- syria. It will address the ongoing debate about the popularity of ivories within As- syria and discuss the correlation between producing, reusing and storing these objects within Assyria and its palaces.

118 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W4 Tuesday, 17.00 – 17.30

Cuneiform Labs: Annotating Akkadian Corpora

Ilya Khait (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena and Universität Leipzig) Cuneiform Labs is a framework in development, aimed a comprehensive processing of cuneiform corpora. The key feature of the application consists of a (semi-)automatic annotation and glossing algorithm, which provides rich morphological and phonetic data for Old, Middle and Standard Babylonian forms of the Ak- kadian language. The application includes a dictionary, a syllabary, a bibliography organizer, an editor, and a number of other tools and resources. This paper will focus on presenting the current developments of the project: enhancing the capacities of the application and applying them in respect to the Old Babylonian divination corpus. When annotated, this corpus is to be used for the detection of parallels, word-usage information, spelling conventions and other markers of language and script that could shed light on the early evolution of the Me- sopotamian divination tradition.

www.rai.unibe.ch 119 Thursday, 16.30 – 17.00

Jacob Klein (Bar-Ilan University) Temple Hymns in Sumerian Literature: An Overview

The relatively small corpus of hymns devoted to temples in Sumerian literature may be divided into two types: Type A: „Temple Building and Dedication Hymns,“ which recount, in poetic form the building and dedication of a temple to a certain god. This type of hymn is represented in Sumerian literature mainly by two compositions: the great hymn of Gudea; and Ur- nammu B. These are not genuine ‚Temple Hymns‘, but contain lengthy passages of praise of the restored temples. Type B: Ge- nuine Temple Hymns, which are entirely devoted to the praise of the relevant temple. This literary genre is represented in Su- merian literature by four major composi-

IIItions: period the so-called(edited by zà-mì-hymns Biggs in 1974); from Tellthe so-calledAbū Salābīkh, ‚Collection dated toof theSumerian Early Dynastic Temple Hymns‘ (edited by Sjöberg in 1969); the Keš Temple Hymn (edited by Gragg, in the above-mentioned); and a hymn, dedicated this paper, the content and literary structure,to the as Ekur well (edited as the by cultic Kramer and in historical1957). In background of these two types of temple hymns will be discussed.

120 www.rai.unibe.ch Monday, 15.30 – 16.00

Black Heads and Shining Beards

Evelyne Koubková (Charles University Prague) It could seem striking that the well- known poetic term for mankind in Sume- rian and Akkadian, „the black-headed“, contains reference to black colour which - cance. Nevertheless, I argue that no co- inlour most can be contexts positive bears or negative negative in itself signifi as it takes its value always from relation to other colours, or other qualities. Following Irene Winter who has elaborated on the a designation of colour, I understand the usualsignificance term for of black lapis as lazuli implicitly when opposed used as to the shining quality of lapis. The value of this dark, semi-precious stone is closely connected to the necessity of its import to Mesopotamia. It is thus a form of the Other which acquires its value due to its foreign status. If Mesopotamian people bear the designation relating to the colour black, lapis lazuli serves as a designation of „the other kind of black“, the hardly accessible, exalted quality with which pre- ferably gods and royalty were compared. The term „black-headed“ would therefore refer to mankind by using implicit opposition to the gods and kings to whom „the black-headed“ must humbly submit. www.rai.unibe.ch 121 Monday, 17.00 – 17.30

in der frühen altassyrischen Zeit Der Gott Assur und das assyrische Pantheon Guido Kryszat (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz)

Der Vortrag zielt auf eine Darstellung des Gottes Assur und der wichtigsten assyrischen Götter in der frühen altassy- - ode vor den Texten aus den Handelsnie- derlassungenrischen Zeit. Gemeintin Anatolien ist damit bis etwa die Peri hin zur Thronbesteigung des Nicht-Assyrers

KanešŠamšī-Adad, in Anatolien. noch während Insbesondere des Bestehens die der Siedlung der Schicht II des Kārum werden einer genaueren Betrachtung un- terzogen,zahlreichen da theophorensie als Spiegel Personennamen der persönli- chen Frömmigkeit der assyrischen Bevöl- kerung gelten müssen und ihr Anteil an ist. Weiterhin werden u.a. Fluch- und Se- gensformelnden Personennamen in die Darstellung dieser Zeit sehrmiteinbe hoch- zogen wie auch die Königsinschriften. Am

- nennamenEnde des Vortragseinen Rückblick soll die auf Frage die stehen, frühe assyrischein wieweit Geschichtegerade die erlauben.theophoren Perso

122 www.rai.unibe.ch Thursday, 14.30 – 15.00

Sumerian and Akkadian Elements in Hittite: Maksim Kudrinskii (Oriental University Russian Academy of Sciences), IlyaIdeograms, Yakubovich Logograms (Moscow State orUniversity) Heterograms?

The terms ideograms, logograms and presumably correspond to the same Hit- heterograms are rarely explicitly contrasted with reference to the cuneiform, since the choice among them largely depends Sumeriantite sequence and *ḪattušašAkkadian expressions udni (or simply wit- on regional traditions. Although Weeden houtḪattuši). a plausible On the Hittite other counterpart hand, there in the are (2011) proposed an empirical research speech of scribes. Our new argument in program leading to a choice between these favour of their non-Hittite pronunciation terms (pp. 3–9) and successfully applied involves a complex pattern of interaction it to the Hittite cuneiform, he abstained between heterographic noun phrases and from following it to its logical conclusions. Hittite Wackernagel clitics. Consequently he retained the traditional term „logogram“ in the title and much of the text of his book. The goal of our presentation is to ad- duce additional evidence in favour of Su- merograms and Akkadograms in Hittite texts being heterograms under Weeden‘s - ses heterographic expressions cannot be mechanicallydefinition. We transposed will argue thatinto inHittite, many norca vice versa. On the one hand, some heterograms disambiguate Hittite forms. For

AT-TI ‘to the land of Hattusa’and I-NA example, the phrases A-NA KUR URUḪA-

KUR URUḪA-AT-TI ‘in the land of Hattusa’ www.rai.unibe.ch 123 Poster

First-Aid Plan to Safeguard the Cultural Heritage of Old Aleppo During the Post Conflict Period RimIn Lababidi light of (UCL the Qatar,current Doha) Syrian crisis, the ancient urban center of Aleppo that embodies millennia of civilizations has statistics by the World Heritage Centre re- vealedbeen turned that in into less a battlefield.than two years Preliminary 70% of Old Aleppo has been destroyed or severely

Aleppodamaged. and This it maps paper the identifies damage overaffecting 170 eachsignificant of them cultural in an attributesattempt to withindevelop Old a plan that can safeguard Old Aleppo du- further damage. Based on mapping the ring the post-conflict period and prevent developed that delivers rapid emergency measuresdamage of to Old stabilize Aleppo, the a first-aid assets, plansecure is them and pave the way for the next stage. process is proposed to pick up where the Following, a post-conflict reconstruction on sustainably developing measures for thefirst-aid local stops.community. Both of the plans are based

124 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W9 Friday, 14.30 – 15.00

Der Feldzugsbericht in Šu-Sîns Königsschriften im Vergleich

Geschichte im Rahmen der Königsdarstellung mit Verwaltungsurkunden: Die Grenze zwischen Erzählung und

Carlos Langa Morales (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster) Narrative as a form of written expression has a series of formal characteristics vary over time; however, its inner aspect remainsand follows the same. a series In the of same fixed way, rules we thatcan speak of narration in images and objects. One of the main functions of narrative is to relate and interpret past events. Thus, narrative can serve as a means of self- representation for a sovereign and recast - lized light. I want to compare how certain eventspast events are represented in a subjective in the and campaign fictiona tales or military reports of Šu-Sîn in “Coll- on the basis of administrative documents inection order A” to and understand “Collection which B” with changes “reality” occur and which mechanisms are used in narration.

www.rai.unibe.ch 125 Workshop W7 Thursday, 10.15 – 10.30

The Snark Hunt for “Emotions” in the Ancient Near East Phillip M. Lasater Furthermore, these rival psychologies are various disciplines, including disciplines - thatEmotions focus on arethe Hebrew currently Bible in vogue and the in logies. Therefore, ancient references to embedded within conflicting anthropo unproblematic to assume that the psy- not simply another way of saying what ancient Near East. At first glance, it seems “passions, affections, and sentiments” are relevant to antiquity: After all, how else very fact of this distinction requires us to chological category of “the emotions” is adoptpeople different today mean terminology by “the emotions.” in historical- The could one classify words such as “love,” - “hate,” “fear,” “courage,” “wrath,” or “mer- critical work on, e.g., conceptions of “love,” becy,” veryother different. than as Thisemotions? paper Theargues answer, that “hate,” “fear,” “courage,” “wrath,” and “mer theit turns psychological out, is that categorythe classification of “the couldemo- cy” in the Ancient Near East. and that its usage in reference to antiquity istions” anachronistic is foreign toand the risks ancient distorting Near Eastour understanding of ancient anthropologies were the invention of latemodern, anti- Aristotelianfrom the outset. Scottish Indeed, thinkers “the that emotions” inclu- especially Thomas Brown (1778–1820 ded David Hume (1711–1776 C.E.) and - dernC.E.). and The more single, differentiated homogenizing taxonomy category of of “the emotions” displaced the premo former having emerged as a rival psychological“passions, taxonomy affections, over and against sentiments,” the latter. the

126 www.rai.unibe.ch Monday, 17.30 – 18.00

Sargon II at Tell Tayinat: Text and Image of a Neo-Assyrian King in the West

Jacob Lauinger (The Johns Hopkins University) of basalt inscribed with cuneiform from Tell InTayinat this paper as pieces I identify of a stele five of fragments Sargon II. - cation, I consider other stelae that Sargon AfterII erected discussing elsewhere the basisin Assyria’s for this west identifi and some reasons why he may have desired to display his text and image at Tell Tayinat in particular.

www.rai.unibe.ch 127 Worksop W10 Friday, 11.00 – 11.30

Procedures for Estimating the Fields’ and Gardens’ Surfaces in Pre-Sargonic Documents from Girsu Camille Lecompte (CNRS, Paris) - such as they occur in the administrative su sheds some light on the mathematical documentation, can also show which spe- proceduresThe Pre-Sargonic applied by documents land surveyors from Gir in

- cific unit was considered to be a basic unit. trativeorder to tablets estimate refer the indeed fields’ toand the gardens’ length, surfaces. Approximately fifteen adminis are all superior to one iku (0,36 ha). On thewidth other and hand, surfaces a couple of several of texts fields, also which give the length, width and surface of gardens or small surfaces calculated in sar units. Both kinds of tablets enable us therefore to reconstruct the relationships between length and surface units, as well as to identify the bridge used by surveyors to shift from the former to the latter. They also show that surveyors used several kinds of rounding and approximations, probably in order to reduce the margin of error. the methods of the Sumerian landsurvey- orsThe to aim estimate of the papersurface is in first administrative to focus on contexts, especially to compare the calculation of large and small surfaces. Further- more, the fresh review of the use of length units, especially the gi and the ninda-DU,

128 www.rai.unibe.ch Thursday, 09.00 – 09.30

Sur quelques aspects de la Figure aux Plumes Camille Lecompte (CNRS), Sophie Cluzan (Musée du Louvre) tuer cette œuvre dans son homogénéité, des deux appendices chevronnés qui jail- cette étude tentera également d’établir les lissentLa Figureverticalement aux plumes au-dessus dérive de son sa nomtête. possibles liens existant entre la composi- Bien que certains personnages soient re- tion littéraire, le texte relatif au domaine présentés avec deux éléments similaires agraire appartenant au dieu Ningirsu et la dans la forme, ceux-ci retombent générale- ment sur les épaules, telle une longue che- figure elle-même. - velure. L’absence d’image de comparaison- entrave donc l’identification du personna communicationge. En s’attachant proposera à réévaluer de les nouvelles hypothè ses précédemment émises à son sujet, la- res datant du tournant des IVe et IIIe mil- incursions dans certains détails des figu de l’espace où se déroule la scène. lénaires. Enfin, sera évoquée la question Une étude philologique cherchera par face qui est tenu pour une courte compo- ailleurs à réévaluer le texte inscrit sur la sition littéraire. En raison des incertitudes larelatives langue àsumérienne, l’interprétation sa traduction des signes de et- meureaux difficultés incertaine. liées On à proposera l’état archaïque précisé de- ment ici une nouvelle interprétation de ce texte qui se démarque des précédentes, - notamment celle de Wilcke. Afin de resti www.rai.unibe.ch 129 Workshop W7 Friday, 11.00 – 11.30

Building, Arts, and Politics: “Hidden” Narration in Early Dynastic Votive Plaques Julia Linke (Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg) Building activities have a very strong in the visual communication of the royal of the royal representation – at least, this and beyond. ismeaning what the in theinscriptions Ancient Near make East us inbelieve. terms ideology during the Early Dynastic Period When it comes to the visual representation of kings involved in building planning or processes the evidence is soon getting weaker. The best recorded images of kings who actually built something are the ones of the ruler carrying a basket with mud- bricks and thus very personally involved - nastic votive plaques some kind of nar- rationin the buildingseems to process.be evident On inthe this Early way Dy to picture the king, as the scene with the basket carrying ruler is followed by feasting scenes or adorations. But what is the nar- rated connection between the different scenes shown on the plaques and why are precisely these parts of the building process shown? My paper deals with questions of the connection between written royal building activities and the details of these that the kings actually depict in visual media. In this vein, I want to outline which aspects of “building” are important

130 www.rai.unibe.ch Tuesday, 16.00 – 16.30

Orders of Textile Works at Nuzi (With a Focus on JEN 314) Brigitte Lion and Abrahami Philipp (Université Lille 3) Several commands for production ars to Tarmi-Tilla, member of one of the of goods appear in Nuzi, for example as leading families of the city. receipts indicating the quantity of raw material handed over to a craftsman, sometimes with the verbal expression ana epeši (in order to make) with reference to the work to be performed. They are often sealed by the craftsman who acknow- ledges the receipt of the raw material, or by an agent responsible for its delivery. Contracts are also concluded; they detail the mutual obligations, such as the precise of delivery, penalties in case of the crafts- description of the final product, the time wages arrangement. man failing to fulfill his obligations, and The paper will analyze the contract orders concerned by textile work in the Nuzi documentation. Special considerations will be given regarding the sector involved (palatial / private), with prosopographi- cal remarks relevant to the craftsmen. The a contract by which Zike, son of Širwiya, paper will also provide a focus on JEN 314, known elsewhere as “weaver of Nuzi”, is- committed to make a magnificent kusītu garment each year for a period of five ye www.rai.unibe.ch 131 Workshop W7 Thursday, 10.00 – 10.15

Between Skepticism and Conceptual Autonomy Analyzing Emotions in Ancient Media:

Florian Lippke (Universität Bern) There is a long discussion whether emotions are depicted in ancient iconographic sources or not. The recent discussions respond in a cautious manner as– preferring labels for a“gestures” given image. and Consequently,“habitualized followingactions” (that this doargumentation not convey emotions?)one might assume: No emotions at all were depicted. Aainst this position, it is possible to achieve more productive results by taking non-human emotions into account. How- ever, as a general corrective the model of Eigenbegrifflichkeit conceptual autonomy) is to be introduced into the iconographic (B. discourse Landsberger, in order engl. to demonstrate the problems when applying a certain label medial attestations from di- stant worlds. The present paper argues for a strong skepticism considering depiction of emotions, and at the same time opts for broadening the iconographic data set in order to gain a deeper understanding of emotions in the ancient world. However, anachronistic fallacies have to be avoided.

132 www.rai.unibe.ch Tuesday, 14.00 – 14.30

HannahStorage Mönninghoff Facilities (Universität and Their Bern) Administration in the Palace of Nuzi Anne Löhnert (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München),

As known from the texts, Nuzi’s pa- • The relationship between physically latial administration was primarily concerned with procedures that served the their immediate vicinity, fathoming oppor- provision of goods for royal and political tunitiesidentifiable to identify storerooms storage and units tablet known finds byin needs. One of the key elements within the name within the archaeological evidence. distributional system was the organization of storage facilities. While to date not much is known about these storage facilities and their organization, the paper presents all available and partly unpublished information gleaned both from textual as well as archaeological evidence. Of interest are three aspects in particular: • The different types of storerooms, the goods stored therein and storage capacities. This discussion is based on textual sources and also includes the questions of access authorization and events that called for the withdrawal of goods. • The installations and inventories as storerooms within the palace building aswhich well allow as storage for the capacities. identification This ofperspec rooms- tive is based on archaeological sources and includes a discussion of the duration of storage and accessibility of stocks.

www.rai.unibe.ch 133 Thursday, 16.00 – 16.30

Underworld Narratives in Context

John Lynch (Uinversity of California, Los Angeles) My paper explores the conclusion of ofGilgamesh, using literary Enkidu, texts and to the make Netherworld. any argu- mentsSpecifically, about actual it examines Mesopotamian the challenge afterlife beliefs, when we don’t understand the original use context of those narratives. First, I review the problematic conclusions reached by previous scholars who have cited the text without addressing this proposed by Niek Veldhuis in his edition ofissue. Nanshe Then and I argue, the Birds, using that the themodel text first can be securely placed in one ancient context: that of the scribal school, and therefore important to a scribal career. Finally, I considerlikely reflects which vocabulary conclusions and about knowledge the nature of the Mesopotamian afterlife can be derived from the text, based on this interpretation.

134 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W7 Thursday, 16.30 – 17.00

Sara Manasterska (University of Warsaw) Looking and Seeing in the Neo-Assyrian Letters linguistic explanation for the almost total lackThe of Akkadian following verbs paper commonly tries to concep find a- tualized as verbs of looking and seeing - pus of Neo-Assyrian letters. The usage otherand distribution than amāru patterns and dagālu of verbs in the such cor toas be palāsu the written and naṭālu form closest relative to toeveryday amāru speech,and dagālu are incompared letters, whichdiachronically are thought and across dialects. This distribution pattern is then contrasted with the uses of aforementioned verbs in literary contexts. The juxtaposition, together with an analysis of - ves to further elucidate the meanings of the verbskinds ofof seeing objects and taken looking by amāru, in the Neo- ser Assyrian letter corpus.

www.rai.unibe.ch 135 Monday, 16.30 – 17.00

Who ‘Destroyed’ Muṣaṣir? Dlshad A. Marf (Salahaddin Univeristy-Erbil, Kurdistan) - the available material, I try to examine mous temple are depicted on one of the The city of Muṣaṣir/Ardini and its fa or not. And if it was destroyed during the which shows plundering the city during Ironwhether Age, the then city weof Muṣaṣir have to was examine destroyed the thereliefs eighth of Khorsabad campaign (Roomof Sargon XIII, II slabin 714 4), available texts, images and uncovered ma- - corded in the Assyrian and Urartian inscriptions.BCE. The city and its temple are well re terials to find out who destroyed Muṣaṣir? Recently the author studied many uncovered objects from that area, some of them being column bases, which very probably came from the temple of Haldi, in addition to other material probably date back to post-Musasir kingdom in the 7th and 6th centuries BCE. The location of the withlong-lost the Ironterritory Age cityof the of Muṣaṣirmodern andvillage its offamous Mdjeser temple in the were Sidekan recently district identified in Iraqi- Kurdistan by the author of this paper. In this paper, I try to examine the available textual record (Assyrian and Urartian inscriptions), the visual record (the Assyrian reliefs of Khorsabd), and the available material evidence (which is recently obtained by the author and other teams in the area). On the basis of

136 www.rai.unibe.ch Tuesday, 14.00 – 14.30

tradition et innovation un siècle et demi après Assurnasirpal II Le rapport entre texte et image dans les reliefs de Khorsabad:

Paolo Matthiae (Sapienza Università di Roma) bien„Le dans role la canonique formulation et normatifde la structure que le architecturalePalais Nord-Ouest que dansde Nimrud la distribution a joué aussi des sujets de la décoration pariétale pour la tradition des palais royaux d‘Assyrie a été temps de Sargon II d‘une façon partielle. S‘ilreçu est dans vrai le quePalais la Royalcitadelle de Khorsabadde Nimrud au a été pour les architectes de Khorsabad un modèle de réference fort, il est vrai aussi que les innovations des architectes et des sculpteurs de Khorsabad ont été bien re- - tion idéologique et politique nouvelle de marquables et elles reflètent une concep sujetsl‘empire historiques certainement dans propre plusieurs à la grande salles dupersonnalité palais de Khorsabadde Sargon II. et La la diffusionsuppression des des sujets mythico-symboliques sont ac- compagnées par une différente utilisation des inscriptions royales synthétiques, les „Fastes“, comme complément des décora- tions sculpturales“.

www.rai.unibe.ch 137 Friday, 11.00 – 11.30

The Image of the Ideal Wife According to Sumerian

Didactic Literature Jana Matuszak (IANES Tübingen) This paper surveys the image of the and predominantly schoolboys copied them out, they represent an inherently didactic literature. Typically for Sumerian male view on what constituted the ide- ideal woman as defined by OBex Sumeriannegativo, i.e. by means of reproaches and/or insults address the question as to whether these hurleddidactic at texts, a paradigmatic this is defined ‘anti-role mo- compositions,al wife. Therefore, abounding finally, in this insults paper due will to del,’ who, in this case, is accused of failing the ex negativo technique, should be re- at every aspect of ‘womanhood’ (nam- garded as misogynistic or not. munus). moral lessons, they also enumerate the domesticWhile, responsibilities firstly, these texts of teacha housewife, general offering unique insight into everyday female life and the tasks a woman was expected to accomplish. In contrast, tasks considered degrading for a member of the independent class were ridiculed and used as insults. Incidentally, prestigious labour such as textile work is depicted on objets d’art, whereas base work such as - adducedflour grinding to paint is not.a holistic Besides, picture more of ‘suthe perfectperficial’ woman. aspects like attractiveness were As the schoolmasters of the OB

Edubba’a probably composed these texts, 138 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W10 Friday, 16.00 – 16.30

Text and Architecture: YBC 5022 and BM 15285 as

Natalie N. May (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel) “Manuals of an Architect”

Šitimgallu, a Sumerian loan word for - commonthe Akkadian language “architect,” in fact “chief” only in or the “mas Old Babylonianter builder” firstperiod. appears In all and periods is used of in huthe- man history, the profession of an architect demanded a wide range of knowledge and abilities: inspired vision of an artist and an expertise in various materials, advanced knowledge of mathematics and organi- sational skills. Are there cuneiform texts that can be associated with this group of

YBC 5022 and the famous tablet of geo- metricalexperts? problemsAnalysing BMthe 15285list of coefficientsagainst the background of archaeological and pictorial evidence, I will claim that these texts

It had been already suggested, based served as an “architect’s manual.” on textual and mathematical grounds, that the origins of Babylonian mathematics go back to the Ur III period. I will argue that the profession of an architect, which invol- expert knowledge, also emerged in this time.ves proficiency in exact science and other

www.rai.unibe.ch 139 Tuesday, 17.00 – 17.30

Cult and Territorial Control “True image of the God”: Adoration of the King’s Image, Imperial Natalie N. May (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel)

There are periods in human history an imperial cult in such a way lay on the marked by an intention of worshiping a economy. human ruler. Often, these periods are also Cult of the king’s image started in the the periods of the imperial expansion. Ne- vertheless, the perception of divinity does other Assyrian imperial institutions, it can foundAssyrian also Empire, in Achaemenid but outlived Babylonia. it. As many an emperor. I will demonstrate, basing on evidencenot always of permitpictorial a directand textual deification sources of that royal images were venerated in the the king were revered in the temples of the Assyrianfirst millennium heartland, Assyria. in vassal The states images and in of them by an Assyrian army on the march. provinces. Sacrifices were performed for part of the imperial religion and ideology. AssyriansThe adoration did not ofpractice the royal the effigy impositi was- on of the Assyrian cults outside Assyria, but made their provinces and vassals to provide Assyrian gods and temples with offerings and tribute on occasion of Assy- rian feasts, to “pull the yoke of Aššur.” On- cumulatedthis occasion in alsothe Assyrian the royal heartland. effigies were In therevered. focus Economicalof the imposition resources of the were Assyri ac-

140 www.rai.unibe.ch Poster

Beer Drinking from Tepe Gawra (ca. 4000 BC) Beer, Beer-Related Terminology, and the Earliest Evidence of Anna Meskhi (Gori Teaching University)

The lecture addresses the decipher- kaš testify to the pre-Sumerian status ment of several culturological terms rela- of Kartvelian languages, and hence, its ted to beer and beer brewing technology: function as the standard of comparison. bappir, ninda, kaš, gar. The examination Assyriologists need to reconsider their of the nouns through Kartvelian evidence negative stance towards the inclusion of solves linguistic and culturological issu- Kartvelian languages and culture in Near es related to the concrete items as well as problems linked with beer brewing in ancient Mesopotamia. Bappir, ninda, kaš, Eastern Studies and engage actively in this and gar are explained from their phone- promising field of research. tic, morphemic, lexical, and even graphic aspects elucidating their Kartvelian origin. Also, Kartvelian culture deciphers and links the earliest composition of a

BC (University Museum’ excavations at Tepe“banquet” Gawra) scene with on beer a seal brewing dated technolo ca. 4000- gy from the eastern mountainous regions of Georgia. That Kartvelian evidence has the power to decipher some of the outstanding Sumerian problems such as the Rod and Ring (RAI 51), ring poles, chaplets, neck- laces and wheels (RAI 53), the lexicogra- phic formula (RAI 58), metrological units (RAI 60), and culturulogical lexemes like

www.rai.unibe.ch 141 Workshop W10 Friday, 09.00 – 09.30

Weighing Units, Standards and Weight Artefacts during the Old

Cécile Michel (Histoire et Archéologie de l’Orient Cunéiforme, Maison Archéologie & Assyrian Period

EthnologieThe private René-Ginouvès, archives of Nanterre) the Assyrian merchants found at Kaneš, in central Ana- tolia, highlight the use of the weight system, well adapted to quantify the metals they traded from east to west and back. An atypical progressive metrological list of weights gives an idea of the variety of weights used by the merchants. Account texts reveal the use of different weight standards and methods to correct weight weights found at Kaneš may be compa- reddeviations. with the A data hundred provided and by fifty the stonetexts. variations, witness the existence of many These weights, which show significant the recurrent necessity to correct weight deviations.individual weight standards, and confirm

142 www.rai.unibe.ch Thursday, 14.00 – 14.30

Construire l’image: dire les rites

Patrick Michel (Université de Genève) en parallèle certains textes rituels hitti- permet une meilleure compréhension des L’étude proposée permet de traiter à l’interprétation des scènes figurées et ère, et un ensemble extraordinaire de va- te remontant au XIIIe siècle avant notre divers éléments figurés. ses hittites dont les exemplaires les plus - niquesLe dialogueprécis et opéréune meilleure entre l’écrit compré et le- figuré permet une lecture de signes ico- anciens remontent au XVIIe siècle avant Ils représentent un témoignage icono- es sur le vase sont issues d’un répertoire notre ère : Inandık[1] et Hüseyindede[2]. graphique très ancien de rituels hittites. d’acteshension rituelsde l’objet. qui Les concernent scènes représenté directe- ment le vase en question et d’autres objets dans le monde du rituel, avec des actes de associés comme la pierre dressée. libations,L’iconographie des offrandes, de ces vases de la nous musique plonge et des danses pour divertir la divinité. sources iconographiques et celles épigra- Ces vases montrent de plus divers phiquesEnfin, permet la corrélation de postuler établie une entrecontinu les- - ité dans les pratiques religieuses hittites sur plusieurs siècles. l’interprétationobjets utilisés lors des des scènes rituels. des Leur vases iden su- tification est parfois problématique, et

épigraphiquesjette à de nombreuses et iconographiques hypothèses[3]. permet uneL’étude nouvelle comparée compréhension cependant dedes ces sources objets de culte. certainement la représentation même du vaseL’élément sur les scènes le plus rituelles intéressant de son prop reste- permet une contextualisation nécessaire re décor. La mise en abîme ainsi effectuée www.rai.unibe.ch 143 Workshop W10 Friday, 12.00 – 12.30

Suggested in Two Old Babylonian Tabular Administrative Texts Estimating Volume: Methods for Assessing Volume Exhibited and

Robert Middeke-Conlin (SPHERE, Laboratoire de Philosophie et Histoire des Sciences, UMRThis 7219, presentation CNRS & Université attempts Paris to examine Diderot -niques Paris 7) used to produce each text as well methods used to assess volume in an Old as the administrative environments in Babylonian administrative environment. which these texts were compiled. Texts like NBC 11509, an undated tabular administrative text, appear to estimate the volume of silt to be excavated from canals using a simple multiplication of length by the six canal sections listed on NBC 11509 bearswidth thisby depth out. However,produces whenvolume. we Eachlook ofat similar texts, such as NBC 6763 dated to possibly produced in a similar bureau- craticRīm-Sîn setting of Larsa’s to NBC 38th 11509, year in thispower is andnot the case. On NBC 6763, only one volume to be the product of a multiplication of lengthmeasurement by width value by depth. out of Moreover, five appears the total of volume measured is not the sum of volume measurement values stated on the text. This presentation asks “why do expected and stated measurement values is the relationship between NBC 6763 and NBCon NBC 11509? 6763 differIn answering so much?” these and questi “What- ons, it will explore the calculation tech-

144 www.rai.unibe.ch Monday, 12.30 – 13.00

of Akshakhan-kala Excavations in Ancient Chorasmia: The Central Monument Michele Minardi (University of Bordeaux)

Akshakhan-kala (AK, 3rd cent. BC – to Ancient Chorasmia, of which I am mem- which lies in the territory of modern Ka- ber, Theis still Karakalpak-Australian working on this promising Expedition site 2ndrakalpakstan cent. AD) (Uzbekistan) is a fortified and strongholdthat at the and more results are expected for the co- beginning of our era was a royal seat of the Ancient Chorasmian polity. Ancient Cho- rasmia belonged to the Indo-Iranian koiné ming field season this year. of Central Asia and produced the earliest evidence of canonical Zoroastrianism of the Central Asian area. This paper will present the preliminary results of the excavations of the Central Building AK, an outstanding and unique monument constituted by a mud-brick terrace accessible by a monumental ramp built on a platform at the centre of the lower enclosure of the site. This monument, architectonically singular but with ante- cedents in the Achaemenid stepped altars has to be linked to cultic practices related to– as Kingship for example and Zoroastrianism.those from Pasar-gadae –

www.rai.unibe.ch 145 Thursday, 14.30 – 15.00

Text als Bild: Graphic Reading am Beispiel der sumerischen Rangstreitgespräche

Catherine Mittermayer und Fabienne Kilchör (Universität Bern)

Das Graphic Reading ist eine Alter- ermöglichen durch das Vereinheitlichen native zu den herkömmlichen Methoden der Informationen einen Vergleich. Die Vi- - sualisierungsverfahren unterstützen die mation von digitalisierten Daten an und Auswertung der Daten, ermöglichen neue übersetztder Textanalyse. diese durchEs setzt Visualiserungsme bei der Transfor- Sichtweisen und dienen der Argumentati- thoden in Wissensbilder. In den Geistes- on und Vermittlung. wissenschaften gehört diese non-verbale Bildkommunikation noch nicht zu den gängigen Analysepraktiken, das deikti- sche Bild muss sich in diesem Bereich erst noch beweisen. In Zusammenarbeit von Informations- der sumerischen Rangstreitgespräche die Möglichkeitendesign und Philologie des „Graphic sollen Reading“ am Beispiel auf- gezeigt werden. Hierbei sollen die Reden der jeweiligen Kontrahenten in Bezug auf ihre Struktur und auf die verwendeten Argumentationstechniken mit dem Ziel werden. Durch die Transformation der der konfirmativen Analyse visualisiert- nen die einzelnen Sprechakte thematisch strukturiert,Texte in eine übersichtlich grafische Bildsprache visualisiert könund untereinander verknüpft werden. Die Me- thoden bedienen sich der Abstraktion und

146 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W5 Tuesday, 11.00 – 11.30

M. Willis Monroe (Brown University) Paradigm and Model in Astral Thinking

- nomyDuring and astrology the Late began Babylonian to create period texts whichscribes abstracted working within principles the fields within of astro their theories and concepts. These forms of ab- fieldsstraction into took more both generic textual illustrations and graphical of forms on clay. The creation of rubrics and graphical depictions of schemata raises interesting questions about the reception of and access to paradigmatic thinking in late scholarly cuneiform material.

www.rai.unibe.ch 147 Tuesday, 16.30 – 17.00

“The King at the Gate”: Monumental Fortifications and the Rise of Local Elites at Arslantepe at the End of the 2nd Millennium BCE Lucia Mori and Federico Manuelli (Sapienza, Università di Roma) around 1200 BC its peripheries under- wentAfter an theinteresting collapse processof the Hittite of reorgani Empire- sation, which saw the emergence of local elites, reelaborating the Hittite traditions in an original way. This paper aims at presenting the results of recent investigations yielded important new data on the rise andat Arslantepe/Malatya collapse of the local (SE power Turkey), that which used gate to express its legitimacy. The archa- eologicalfigurative evidence representation will be at correlated the town’s with city epigraphic sources from the periphery of and the land of Ashtata. These texts illust- ratethe Hittite how city Empire, gates weremost importantof all from spaces Emar in the performance of festivals involving the entire community, and in which the direct participation of the local kings might have been an instrument to parade their authority within the community.

148 www.rai.unibe.ch Tuesday, 09.00 – 09.30

Some Observations on the Royal Inscriptions of Tukulti-Ninurta I

Anastasia Moskaleva (Saint-Petersburg State University) The inscriptions of Tukulti-Ninurta I ously, the use of all mentioned parts in the represent one of the richest sources for inscriptions is not accidental, they were studying the period of the reign of this constructed according to certain rules and outstanding Assyrian king (the end of principles, which were dramatically de- 13th century BC) from the point of view veloping during Tukulti-Ninurta I’s reign. of different aspects: historical, cultural, This report is mainly based on studying domestic and foreign political, economic, Middle Assyrian inscriptions. Also, some religious and ideological. Studying the observations and hypotheses concerning structure and content of the inscriptions the establishment and development of the of this ruler and comparing them with the royal inscriptions in general, are based on previous ones, we can assume that during examples from all known and studied pe- the reign of Tukulti-Ninurta I, a number of riods in the history of Mesopotamia from - which we have got well-preserved texts. royalsignificant inscriptions. reforms were probably intro duced, which found their reflections in his In this brief report, I will try to demonstrate what radically new and traditional things can be observed in the texts of this ruler. It is assumed to trace the formation and development of each traditionally allocated section of the royal inscriptions (introduction, military deeds, building part, blessing and curses). Introduction and military deeds certainly always have received the greatest interest. In the inscriptions of Tukulti-Ninurta I, they obtain a more detailed and canonical form. Obvi-

www.rai.unibe.ch 149 Poster 3D-Joins und Schriftmetrologie

Gerfrid G.W. Müller1,2, Gernot Wilhelm1, Frank Weichert3, Michele Cammarosano2, Denis Fisseler3 (1 2Julius-Maxi- milians-Universität Würzburg, 3Technische Universität Dortmund) Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz,

Given their pronounced three-dimensional nature, cuneiform texts are best documented and investigated by means of 3D scans and computer-aided methods. The poster illustrates a possible approach to the computer-aided study of cuneiform manuscripts, as developed within the joint

(JMU Würzburg – TU Dortmund – Akade- project “3D-Joins und Schriftmetrologie” Mainz, www.cuneiform.de). The project aimsmie der to Wissenschaftendevelop an effective und der framework Literatur for the automated extraction of script features, the sorting of manuscripts accor- virtual reconstruction. Relevant applica- tionsding to concern quantifiable computer parameters, assisted and collati their- - construction, quantitative palaeography, analysison, join identificationof script and andscribal manuscript hands, and re investigation of writing techniques. The a graphic tool for the analysis of 3D scan- resulting software “CuneiformAnalyser”, dimensional approach for the analysis and reconstructionned fragments, of allows cuneiform an unified texts. three-

150 www.rai.unibe.ch Monday, 15.30 – 16.00

Neo-Assyrian Statues in Context

Davide Nadali and

Lorenzo Verderame (Sapienza Università di Roma) Neo-Assyrian letters are a broad and interesting corpus of data to detect how ancient Assyrians dealt with the creation of images, namely statues of the kings, the shaping of decoration of royal and divine

The present paper aims to analyzing effigies, and the working of lamassu. the ritual and practical aspects of the making of images in the Neo-Assyrian time, taking into account terminology, occa- sions for the creation, and presentation of the statues referring to how Assyrian kings and sculptors worked and coopera- ted for this purpose.

www.rai.unibe.ch 151 Workshop W1 Tuesday, 16.30 – 17.00

The Search for Local Identity: Questions on the Continuity of (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Levantine Ivories from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age Liat Naeh read by Philipp Frei When the issue of continuity from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age is raised in scribed by researchers as “Canaanite” or - collections“Phoenician,” is perhapsmultifaceted, exposing and somemay shed bias regard to Levantine ivories, it evokes the newin interpretation; light on the development their affinity of to ivory the ivory ma- cultural affiliation of the ivories’ manufac turers. This affiliation is mostly dubbed- ing“Canaanite” a linear evolution during the of culture. Bronze Although Age and nufacture and consumption in the Levant. scholars“Phoenician” have duringdebated the whether Iron Age, such imply his- toric terms should be employed within archaeological research, the ivories are still largely associated – both explicitly and implicitly – with these local identities in

This paper explores aspects of identity the Levant. and continuity through locally consumed artifacts, made of organic materials, found in sites such as Jerusalem and Hazor. In contrast to the well-studied ivory collections – such as those found in Megiddo, oftentimes sparse and isolated, and found inSamaria varied archaeological and Nimrud – contexts; these finds many are of them are made of bone, prestigious ivory’s cheaper, more accessible sibling. Tellin- gly, such artifacts are not necessarily de-

152 www.rai.unibe.ch Thursday, 10.00 – 10.30

throughout Mesopotamian History The Movement of Text and Image Within the Layout of Envelopes Bonka Nedeltscheva (University of Bern)

Clay envelopes have existed since to improve their administrative tools. the invention of writing in Mesopotamia. The question arises if the envelope was Their formal, technical and functional invented because of the need to combine features changed and developed through text and image, and which methods can be time and space, but their content always used to trace the beginning of cases and remained consistent. Text and image envelopes. belonged together and their placement within the layout of the envelope was an important part of administrative practice. There are two different levels of text/ image relations within their layout: The written text on the surface of the envelope versus the rolled seal impression, and the depiction and inscription of the seal within the impression respectively. The in- terrelations between these text and image levels record a great deal of information about the social and administrative orga- nisation and political situation of these societies in question. The continuity of use of written and sealed envelopes from the - fectly shaped rectangular clay envelopes ofUruk the Period 1st Millennium (as closed bullae)BC demonstrates to the per the need and the willingness of the scribes to invent new practices and techniques

www.rai.unibe.ch 153 Tuesday, 17.00 – 17.30

If the Earth Quakes...: The Nuzi Text SMN 3180

Paola Negri Scafa (ex-ENEA) text SMN 3180 is different from the other NuziPublished Texts, because by Lacheman it is an omen in 1937, text and the deals with earthquakes. Written in the typical Nuzi ductus, it is one of the most ancient omen texts and reports sections of the Enuma Anu Enlil series. An analysis of this text can throw some light on the relationship between the Nuzi scribes and the Mesopotamian scholarly - ten reports about ominous events. and scientific tradition, included the writ

154 www.rai.unibe.ch Poster

(Canaanite) Consonantal Graphemes Illustrated by The Egyptian Origin of Names and Forms of the West Semitic

MĪM / MĒM and NŪN Adel Nemirovskaya (St. Petersburg State University) that the immediate prototypes of Semitic was probably the prototype of ’Aleph: lettersIn the were 19th to becentury, sought E. among de Rougé the statedhiera- meaningbic writing”. in Hieratic: His most ‘sitting accurate man suggestion with his - ry later, W. Helck and K.-T. Zauzich deter- ‘standing man with his arm stretched’ and ticmined (cursive that theEgyptian) West Semitic characters. alphabet A centu had finger at his mouth’ — a misrepresented

and lexically meaning ỉ.n=f ‘thus he said’ - This poster proposes a reconstruc- comprised only those Egyptian cursive — a Neo-Egyptian literary cliché. tion of graphic and lexical prototypes of characters, which had been used in “Egyp Summarizing philological and histori- the two West Semitic graphemes that are tian syllabic/group writing”. cal evidence allows to conclude that the Canaanite consonantal alphabet develo- presumed to stem from two- (mīm) and three-component (nūn) Egyptian groups. wordsped as thata local was adaptation current during of the the Egyptian second partscribal of practicethe second of recordingmillennium non-Egyptian BC. This local adaptation must have occurred under - tian-trained scribes resided at Canaanite sitesRamesside (O.Goldwasser). rule, when Egyptian or Egyp In 1960, W. Weidmüller shrewdly proposed that the commonly known names of the West Semitic letters were derived from the technical (mnemonic) designa- - tions of the characters of “Egyptian sylla www.rai.unibe.ch 155 Workshop W4 Tuesday, 14.00 – 14.30

Sheep, Grain, and Bureaucrats: Approaches to the Analysis of

Seraina Nett (University of Copenhagen) Economic Institutions in the Ur III Empire

In recent years, increasing numbers of section of larger datasets and traditional cuneiform tablets have become available philology on the basis of a set of administ- through electronic databases, rendering it rative documents dating to the Ur III peri- possible for the individual researchers to od, taking into account the new challenges access large data sets. the availability of new resources also po- This is of particular relevance when ses for the analysis and representation of approaching the economic history of Anci- the material. ent Mesopotamia. Having large quantities of texts at our disposal greatly increases - thodologies, and facilitates the application ofour quantitative possibilities methods,of using more social refined network me analysis or even econometric studies. We can thus approach the institutions shaping economic interaction from more than one angle, looking at individual transactions on the one hand, and investigating overall economic performance on the other. The scores of administrative texts dating to the reign of the Third Dynasty of Ur, collected in the Database of Neo-Sumerian Texts (BDTNS), provide an excellent data set to test the applicability of quantitative analysis on a larger scale. This paper will discuss the key methodological and theoretical questions arising at the inter-

156 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W11 Friday, 14.20 – 14.30

beim Verfassen von Geschichtslehrbüchern Der Alte Orient in der Schule – Erfahrungen und Perspektiven Hans Neumann (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster)

- gen des Referenten beim Verfassen des sichDer auf Beitrag die Geschichte thematisiert des Altendie Erfahrun Orients beziehenden Teils des Geschichtslehr- buches für die 5. Klasse in den 1980er Jahren in der DDR. Dabei werden – unter - - neBerücksichtigung und Schulpraxis der– die spezifischen inhaltlichen RahAus- wahlprinzipien,menbedingungen die der didaktischen damaligen LehrpläAspekte sowie die bildnerisch-graphische Textbe- - hintergrund wird auch versucht, mögliche Zukunftsperspektivengleitung erläutert. Vor diesemfür die ErfahrungsVermittlung altorientalischer Gesellschaftsgeschichte in der Schule aufzuzeigen.

www.rai.unibe.ch 157 Workshop W7 Thursday, 14.00 – 14.30

Sensing the Sacred in the Neo-Assyrian Temple: The Sights, Smells, and Sounds of the Divine Meal

Kiersten Neumann (Oriental Institute Museum)

The most fundamental ceremony of the experience. Neo-Assyrian texts speak a Neo-Assyrian temple was the presenta- to the material and sensorial characteris- tion of offerings to the gods in the form tics of the divine meal; as it is said in an of divine meals (naptanus), the principal inscription of Sin-šarru-iškun, ušēpišma components of which were food, drink, itquru kaspi ebbi ana qurrube naptan šēri and aromatics. A range of portable works u līlâti maḫar ilūtiša (“he had a bowl of of art facilitated the preparation and ser- shining silver made to serve the naptanu ving of these goods: ritualized butchering of the morning (and) of the evening to her was performed on altars, food was laid out on offering tables, liquid offerings Visual imagery compliments the textual were placed in libation vessels, and aro- sources,(Tašmētu’s) adding divinity”) a spatial (AfO and 16 contextual 306: 19). matics were placed on incense burners. understanding to this practice, as well as These portable works of art were crafted active participants, for example the libati- of similarly valued and visually apprecia- on scenes from Shalmaneser III’s Balawat ted materials as the divine image before Gates and Aššurbanipal’s lion hunt reliefs which they stood – exotic woods, light- colored stone, and precious Metals – the that it was the strategically assembled, sensorial aspects of which materially and culturallyin the North valued Palace. corpus In this of Paper,sensory I argue phe- conceptually would have commanded at- nomena of the divine meal that marked tention within the low-lit inner chamber - of the temple. Concurrently the smell of aromatics from the incense burners and ofthis god ceremony within thisas something particular “other,” cultural as and ri socialtualized context, practice that fit is for to thesay, dwellingthe elite spheplace- enclosed space while the recitation of la- mentationsof the food offeringsand prayers, would and have the filled perfor the- mance of songs provided a soundtrack to re of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.

158 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W10 Friday, 15.00 – 15.30

A Mathematical Class at ‚Chantier K‘ in Mari

Grégoire Nicolet (University of Geneva)

In 1998, J.-C. Margueron discovered a large amount of school tablets at ‚Chantier the word lists, proverbs and literary texts, thereK‘, outside were the also palace around of Zimri-Lim.190 mathematical Among texts: metrological lists and tables, multiplication tables, even tables of squares and square roots, as well as around 50 examples of ‚mathematical rough work‘ on buns. As the 61st RAI wants to promote bridges between archeologists and assyriologists, it will be shown how a careful recording of the tablets during the excavation allows us to follow the learning of mathematics thanks to dated mathematical tablets discovered together. Moreo- ver, the metrological tradition highlights a discrepancy between the teaching that took place at Chantier K and the administrative practices of the palace. Finally, the important role played by the learning of advanced numeracy of the scribes of Mari. mathematics at ‚Chantier K‘ confirms the

www.rai.unibe.ch 159 Monday, 11.30 – 12.00

Herbert Niehr (University of Tübingen) Questions of Text and Image in Sam‘al (Zincirli)

During the excavations in Sam‘al (Zin- cirli) several orthostats combining inscriptions and images have been found. From these, the orthostat of King Kula- muwa (c. 840–810 BC) showing the king and some divine symbols together with - mentary orthostat of King Bar-Rakkab (ca. 733–713/7111a Phoenician inscription BC) with (KAIa banquet 24), a scene frag and an Aramaic inscription (KAI 217), and a further orthostat of the same king showing the Moon-god, the king and his scribe together with an Aramaic inscription (KAI 218) shall be discussed. That there was a certain relation between text and image in all these cases can be assumed, because text and image were incised on the same object. But one should not overlook that texts and inscriptions are genres of their own which have to be deciphered inde- pently from each other. So the question remains to be answered how the relation of text and image on the three orthostats from Sam‘al (Zincirli) is to be understood properly.

160 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W6 Tuesday, 14.30 – 15.00

Charles Clermont-Ganneau:

A Methodology of Iconology Before Panofsky Francesca Onnis (Université Lyon II Louis Lumière) - vanced his theory of iconology, Charles Clermont-GanneauFifty years before called Erwin by Panofsky the same ad name an opposite approach to visual art, which looked at it being an historical re- source, although not as a cultural product, but rather, as a cultural factor, since images can themselves stimulate new intellectual production or artistic creation in the observer. This is particularly true for images passing from a civilization to another, as they are a medium of syncretism. Clermont-Ganneau ascertained that regarding the impact oriental imagery had on Greek mythology: he pointed out many correspondences between this latter and the iconographic repertoire of the class of metal vessels richly decorated, whichso-called had “Phoenician” spread in thebowls, Mediterranean a Levantine

- mont-Ganneau’sarea in the first half approach of the 1st by millennium. bringing We will confirm the soundness of Cler diffusionanother exampleof Mesopotamian touching imagery the “Phoenici- in the an” bowls, this time in the matter to the

Levant. www.rai.unibe.ch 161 Workshop W5 Tuesday, 11.30 – 12.00

for the Motion of Jupiter Evidence for Geometrical Methods in Babylonian Procedure Mathieu Ossendrijver (Humboldt University Berlin)

New textual evidence is presented for an incompletely known procedure for the daily motion of Jupiter. The procedure turns out to be related to several badly understood geometrical procedures invol- rare evidence for the use of geometrical methodsving trapezoidal in Babylonian figures, mathematical thus providing as- tronomy.

162 www.rai.unibe.ch Thursday, 16.30 – 17.00

Dolmens in the Amuq Plain: The Kızılkaya-Hatay Survey Aynur Özfırat (Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya)

Amuq plain which is on a high rocky hill. dolmens are dated to the Chalcolithic and ApproximatelyKızılkaya lies 300 in thedolmens northeast are located of the Eastern Mediterranean. The Levantine on the hill. It seems that dolmens and related cultures are foreign to Anatolia. Early Bronze Age. sites in the vicinity such as Akpinar, Tell Our research at Kızılkaya Hill and related some caves shows that the sites reveal an Kızılkaya, Temel Kızılkaya mounds and- uninterrupted time range from the Paleo Dolmens have a rectangular plan, they lithic Chalcolithic to İslamic Period. are made of large and rough stones. It is this stage in Anatolia, due to lack of Re- searchdifficult in to Anatolia. date the There Kızılkaya are manydolmens ques at- tions, such as, chronology, origin, cultural links etc. Dolmens are found in almost all of the world in different times with different types starting from the Neolithic period. They are found in Anatolia in two different regions: Thracia in the northwest in the south. The dolmens of Thracia can beof Anatoliacompared and to thethose Amuq-Islahiye of the Balkans Plains and

Eastern Europe, the dolmens of the Amuq Plain are associated with those of the www.rai.unibe.ch 163 Tuesday, 16.00 – 16.30

Recontextualising Religious Experience and Ritual in the Early Dynastic Period: The Temple at Tell Agrab as a Case Study Monica Palmero Fernandez (University of Reading) This paper will discuss the application gious experience in the past. In contrast, of new analytic frames to the study of tex- recent theoretical and methodological tual and iconographic material associated approaches in archaeology have pushed forward the notion of materiality, which based on theories of materiality, embodi- addresses objects as they are implicated mentwith cultand intersectionality. in the Early Dynastic The focus period, will in the construction of social identities, as be on recontextualising textual evidence well as how object worlds shape human and artefacts alongside the renegotiati- experience. on of space (i.e. architectural changes) in order to reconstruct religious experience at the temple and how it may inform our understanding of social and cultural development. The Shara temple at Tell Agrab will be analysed as a case study. Traditional historical approaches to the study of religion have focused on lite- rate societies. Texts and visual imagery are used to reconstruct a genealogical concept of religion, describing a hierarchical system of deities, their attributes, and how they developed over time. This normative reconstruction of belief systems does not inform about how individuals negotiated those beliefs in a reality construed of material things, and may ultimately constrain our ‘image’ (i.e. reconstruction) of reli-

164 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W8 Thursday, 11.00 – 11.30

Healing in Images and Text: The Sickbed Scene

Strahil V. Panayotov (Free University Berlin) corpora. Furthermore, seals also depict amulets depict a sick man lying on a bed. the sickbed scene, which can be linked The images on Lamaštu and Hulbazizi with texts and image occurring on the healers or lies alone on a bed surrounded byHe objects. is normally This is flanked known by since two the mythical begin- with texts describing fumigation. nings of Assyriology and one of the pio- Lamaštu and Hulbazizi amulets, or also neers of Mesopotamian demonology and magic, Karl Frank devoted a monograph in 1908 on the Beschwörungsreliefs, where he connected texts and images describing the sickbed scene as Krankenbeschwö- rungssszene. Although this fascinating study is long outdated many of its arguments evidence. Concerning the latter, Frans A.M. Wiggermannare still valid andpublished can be an refined article with in 2007 new an article titled; Some demons of Time and their Functions in Mesopotamian Icono- graphy, in which he elucidates the realm of the bed room with the sickbed scene in it on the basis of a Hulbazizi and Nus- paper will build on these studies and will demonstrateka (bīt mēseri) how incantations. fruitful the Theamulets present are for text-image comparative studies. The sickbed scene (image) can be furthermore compared with other texts describing ritual scenes or incantations from other www.rai.unibe.ch 165 Tuesday, 15.00 – 15.30

Textes et images à Nuzi : le cas du scribe Itḫ-apiḫe fils de Taya Véronique Pataï (Université Lumière Lyon 2) Dans les différentes publications des tablettes de Nuzi, les empreintes de sceaux apposés aux tablettes a permis sceaux ne sont que très rarement repré- La comparaison des empreintes de où il apparaissait sans patronyme et de lui (1943) et D. Stein (1987 et 1998) sont les d’identifier le fils de Taya dans 26 textes principauxsentées. Les répertoirestravaux menés d’empreintes par E. Porada de de Turari. Cette étude permet également sceaux dont nous disposons. laattribuer mise en JEN lumière 239 jusque-là de pratiques assigné telles au que fils le prêt ou l’emprunt de sceau. mène sur les scribes ayant travaillé pour uneL’étude femme, Tulpun-naya, prosopographique a révélé de que nom je- breux scribes homonymes qu’il a fallu dis- tels que l’entourage des scribes (comman- ditaires,tinguer à témoins…),l’aide de critères les villes de comparaison où ils ont travaillé, leurs styles rédactionnels… Mon séjour à l’institut oriental de Chicago m’a recherches,permis d’identifier ce qui s’est des révélé sceaux être inédits un outil et d’intégrer le critère sigillographique à mes homonymes. précieux dans l’identification des scribes

Cette présentation concerne Itḫ-apiḫe fils de Taya (85 textes) ; Itḫ-apiḫe sans patronyme (72 textes) et Itḫ-apiḫe fils de Turari (1 texte : JEN 239).

166 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W3 Tuesday, 10.00 – 10.30

Reconsidering International Relations in the Levant During theArgentina) Late Bronze Age Emanuel Pfoh (National University of La Plata and National Research Council, The present paper aims at addressing the need to attempt to capture or recover what is usually referred to in ancient Near the ancient meaning these ‘international relations’ had for the peoples of ancient or also ‘diplomacy’, and I focus on the Southwest Asia. Eastern studies as ‘international relations’

Late Bronze Age period (ca. 1550–1200 andBCE), the especially general Asiatic in the Levantinepoint of view, region. on theThe other,Egyptian are pointreviewed of view, and ondiscussed one hand, in a comparative manner, much in agree- subject, in order to understand the me- ansment for with expressing Mario Liverani’s and conducting work oninter the- polity Relations – or for proceeding with ‘international relations’ – during this period. However, I stress the necessity of not confusing ancient ways of understanding what we currently call ‘diplomacy’ and ‘international relations’ with modern ways of explaining such phenomena. I draw this criticism from anthropological or eth- nographic studies and insights, used in a comparative manner, mostly for episte- mological Arguments, but also as a tester of historical methodological procedures. The main point advanced in this paper is

www.rai.unibe.ch 167 Monday, 12.30 – 13.00

Argentina)Feudalism and Vassalage in the Ancient Levant? Emanuel Pfoh (National University of La Plata and National Research Council, The present paper offers a review of the extended use of medieval terminolo- at automatically replacing one explanato- gy referring to socio-economic and socio- rythe model Middle for East. another, This but argument rather to aims analyse not political structures and practices in Anci- sound conceptual means to understand in aeach more historical appropriate situation manner in ancient order to social find ent Near Eastern studies, focusing on the Notably,region of terms the Levant,like ‘feudalism’, i.e. Syria-Palestine, ‘feudal’ and during the second and first millennia BCE.- praxis in the world of the Levant. ship up to the 1980s, describing a territorial‘fief’ or were political ubiquitous control inby oriental means of scholar economic exploitation or exchange; terms like ‘vassalage’ and ‘vassal’ have had a longer existence and are still nowadays used to denote political subordination mediated by personal oaths or treaties between two parties, kingdoms, states, etc. A critical - ropology allows for arguing that such me- dievalapproach terminology from the fieldand ofcategories political anthneed conceptual updating and replacement, especially in regard to historical accuracy. It is therefore proposed to understand those situations usually referred to as ‘feu- instead patron-client bonds, as they are describeddal’ or expressing in the ethnohistorical ‘vassalage’ as reflectingrecord of

168 www.rai.unibe.ch Thursday, 17.00 – 17.30

Textual Imagery in the Collection of Sumerian Temple Hymns Images in Epithets:

Monica Philips (The University of Chicago) The Collection of Sumerian Temple Hymns is a text made up almost entirely of epithets – literary descriptions, puns, and metaphors – of cities and temple sanctu- aries throughout southern Mesopotamia. This makes the Temple Hymns unique in that it knits together extended descriptive passages for over forty places and deities in the Mesopotamian pantheon. This paper will address the textual image as imagined in the Collection of Temple Hymns, and the ways in which the epithets employed there can further our understanding of Mesopotamian conceptions of the temple and its relation to the divine and mortal realms.

www.rai.unibe.ch 169 Monday, 11.30 – 12.00

Representations of Stelae in the Palace Glyptic of Early Syrian Ebla Frances Pinnock (Sapienza University of Rome) The paper will take into account possible representations of stelae in one seal comparison with the written evidence, an attemptfrom the willRoyal be Palace made G ofat EBunderstanding IVA Ebla. By how they were made, where they were placed, and their meaning for the visual - image of kingship in the mature Early Sy rian Ebla.

170 www.rai.unibe.ch Friday, 09.30 – 10.00

Omentexts The Disabled Body in the Selected Ancient Near Eastern

Simone Pittl (Universität Innsbruck) In this talk, I want to illustrate the social construction of disability as de- - dian omenseries Šumma Alu (if a city…), scribed in the first millennium BCE Akka birth…) and in morphoscopic texts such asŠumma Šumma Izbu Alamdimmû (if a ‚reject’ or Šumma = anomalous Nigdim- dimmû. The theory and methodology of disability history forms the basis for my considerations. According to disability history, disability is not seen as an ontological fact, but as a social construct. The main goal of this approach is to look at varying de- and during different periods of time. Disa- bilityfinitions acts of asdisability a loose inanalytical different categorycultures that sheds a light on socially determined talk as socially constructed through diffe- rentprinciples discourses. of classification. One can see It theis seen omenlists in this and morphoscopic texts as an intellectual discourse on the human body – including the disabled body – in a magical-ominous setting.

www.rai.unibe.ch 171 Cancelled

On the Black and White Decoration: A Simple Opposition of Two Colours or an Aniconic Manifestation of an Ancient Myth?

Paola Poli According to a ritual test in order to assure the recovery of a sick man, the door of his house was smeared with white gypsum and black bitumen, representing Ninurta and Asakku respectively. The god and the demon are the main characters of the popular myth Lugal-e that tells about the struggle between the god, Ninurta, and the demon, Asakku, and the subsequent opposition of the two colours, on the door, representsvictory of thethe battle first over between the second.the god Theand the demon and, with the overthrowing of the demon, the sick man will be cured. A particular decorative form, built up throw the opposition of black and white buildings of various areas of the Ancient colours, is attested in official and religious

The combined investigation of the ar- Near East. chaeological and written evidence, considered in this contribution, is an attempt of explanation of the symbolic value of the combination and opposition of the two colours.

172 www.rai.unibe.ch Monday, 14.30 – 15.00

Tigridian Royal Representation: Text and Image between Tradition and Innovation

Beate Pongratz-Leisten (New York University)

Oppenheim’s notion of the “stream of tra- This paper re-examines A. Leo and ongoing utility in both written and vi- sualdition” contexts and demonstratesthrough an elucidation its legitimacy of the development of Tigridian discourse. This Tigridian discourse in its royal perspecti- continued through Akkad and Old Babylo- ve emerged in Early Dynastic Lagash and this paper analyzes pictorial and textual nian Eshnunna into Assur. As a case study,- rior mythology in the shaping of royal adaptations and reconfigurations of war conceptualization of the stream of tradition,representation. this paper further In refining explores Oppenheim’s the categories of tradition, cultural discourse, and ideology, considering the latter as a sub- discourse responding to societal expecta- tions impregnated by tradition.

www.rai.unibe.ch 173 Monday, 16.30 – 17.00

Gods That Float and Gods With Wheels: Boats and Chariots as Non-Anthropomorphic Deities

Barbara N. Porter (Harvard University) Alongside their familiar, largely anthropomorphic gods, ancient Mesopotami- ans seem to have considered certain objects to be gods as well. The names of such objects were often preceded by a DINGIR sign, marking the name of a god, and in some cities and periods such objects received regular food offerings alongside more conventional gods, and were presented with elegant clothes and other gifts. Such entirely non-anthropomorphic DINGIRS are a widespread phenomenon, attested in Mesopotamia from the earliest days of writing until late Hellenistic times, and venerated in different cities at different times. In an effort to understand how ancient Mesopotamians thought about such DINGIRS and related to them, my paper will explore the visual and textual evidence for the apparently divine boats and chariots owned by many gods, which were used by their divine owners for riding in processions and for journeying to visit gods in other cities.

174 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W7 Thursday, 14.30 – 15.00

The Throne Room of Ashurnasirpal II:

A Multisensory Experience Ludovico Portuese (Freie Universität Berlin) The throne room of the North West of view, interplay of light and shadow; 3) been the subject of several studies, mainly the‘unseen’ emotional rule; 2) responses the manipulation to the auditory, of fields focusedPalace of on Ashurnasirpal its decorative II program.at Nimrud Scho has- visual and olfactory stimuli which allowed lars have long acknowledged that this the audience to fully experience the space, space was used, especially in a political even activating what is commonly refer- sense, to separate the more public area red to as ‘non-sense’ or ‘sixth sense’. from the more private, or ceremonial, Following the methodologies used wing of the palace: a sort of reception sui- in the recent archaeology of the senses, I te. argue that the throne room of Ashurnasir- Despite many insightful ideas on some pal II was a melting pot of sensorial stimu- particular aspects, there appear to be few li, intended to cause the phenomenon of the arousal for a psychological control of room as a whole, with special regard to the minds. theworks audience. or even no specific studies on this - considering the throne room as transitio- nal Thisor borderline paper fills context part of – thisboth gap for byAssy re- rians and guests – and as a sensory space that is both manipulative and synesthetic. In this way the room is evaluated holisti- cally: the images and the so-called „Stan- dard Inscription“ are seen to cooperate with the immaterial aspects, such as 1) the management of the entrances and the space – judged on the basis of a ‘seen’ and

www.rai.unibe.ch 175 Workshop W10 Friday, 16.30 – 17.00

Old Babylonian Mathematical Texts Making Equivalent Volume, Brickage and Capacity in

Christine Proust (Laboratoire SPHERE, UMR 7219, CNRS & Université Paris Diderot) How to quantify three-dimensional entities? Ur III and Old Babylonian cu- towards this issue. Different metrologies, forneiform capacity, texts volume reflect variousor brickage, approaches were different purposes. Then, the idea of con- vertingadopted one in differentinto another, fields for of example, activity ca for- pacity into brickage, was of little practical interest. In Old Babylonian mathematical quantifying tridimensional entities. How- ever,texts, thesetoo, one approaches finds these to different spatial extensi ways of- on are not completely independent from each other. In a way, the idea of converting capacity into volume, or volume into brickage, appeared to be meaningful from a mathematical point of view. How are capacity, volume and brickage metrologies ar- ticulated in mathematical texts? This issue is examined through some mathematical texts from Southern Mesopotamia.

176 www.rai.unibe.ch Poster Materiality and Corporality: Some Iconographical Aspects in

Nineveh and Dur-Sharrukin Relation to Corporal Experiences in Neo-Assyrians Reliefs of

Leandro Ranieri (University of Sao Paulo) The literature devoted to the study of body is always represented in its entirety. the Neo-Assyrian palace reliefs concludes about the meaning of the images, a possi- the arms and forearms, e.g.) and real (mu- ble typology and its function, indicating Exposed body parts merge ideal (size of- the ideological and propagandist load of racy of the analysis depends on the passa- representations. However, it is possible gescle of definition the contextual of the elements legs, e.g.). to Thematerials accu to make an approximation of thei meaning not restricted to iconology, but also aspects related to the body represented, and “agency” elements. requiring an integration of what is in the picture, the holder of representation, its placement and position in architecture and space, and their role (or agency). The performance of the reliefs lies not only in its contents, but in materializing meanings (written or pictorial) in stone, whose per- manence and durability can enable a ritual and memorial appeal (internal performance), before ideological (internal and the holder level, the reliefs’ program re- quiresexternal body performance). movement, but Enhanced also a unique from visual and tactile integration. There may be a parallel between the real and the represented, both affecting each other. The

www.rai.unibe.ch 177 Workshop W4 Tuesday, 09.30 – 10.00

Scaling the Early State: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Sca Rune Rattenborg (Durham University) le and Extent of Middle Bronze Age Institutional Households

economies. Through the combined ana- and performance form a key strand of lyses of site catchment area and textually scholarlyQuestions debate of on economic the history development of early founded estimates of institutional size and

- can arrive at a much more detailed and zationcomplex and societies. associated In thesocial field relationships of Ancient spatial configuration, it is argued that we- areNear often Eastern addressed studies, through economic qualitative organi standing relations between larger econo- discussions of social structure and socie- micquantifiable institutions, empirical rural communities, basis for under and tal types, with little attempt at staking out the overall economic capacity of a site and approximate quantitative frameworks. its hinterland than has hitherto been the Through on-going research at the Fragile case. These observations offer some inte- Department of Archaeology, I am drawing resting perspectives on the capabilities Crescent Project of Durham University’s together information from archaeological and constraints of early political econo- surveys, remote sensing, and administra- mies in their wider social setting, of re- tive cuneiform sources in order to recon- levance for archaeological and historical struct economic and political networks research alike. of the Middle Bronze Age institutional household. By evaluating quantitative assess- ments of the agricultural capacity and performance of a number of settlements and associated institutional households paperof the offers Middle new Bronze perspectives Age Bilād on ancient al-Šām, the Jazīrah, and the Zagros piedmont, this

178 www.rai.unibe.ch Friday, 12.00 – 12.30

Timber for Khorsabad: Alternative Realities

Julian Reade (University of Copenhagen)

Textual and pictorial evidence for the origin of timber used at Khorsabad may seem to be inconsistent, but there are alternative interpretations.

www.rai.unibe.ch 179 Thursday, 11.00 – 11.30

Sébastien Rey and The Sumerian King-Priest: Anatomy of a Paradoxical Concept Julien Chanteau (Liège University) the concept of the Sumerian „king-priest“ has Sincebeen itsrepeatedly first elaboration utilized in by the Mesopo 1960s,- form of power in the Uruk period. The use oftamian this concept scholars has to emerged define the to account archetypal for the recurring representations of a bear- iconographicded central figure sources, wearing and particularly a turban andthe archaicbearing glyptic specific art. insignia Recourse in theto that Urukian concept was largely perceived as all the more the classic theory of the Sumerian „temple-city“legitimate, (or becausetheocracy) it seemedelaborated to confirmas early - al sources of ancient Girsu. The present paper’sas the 1920s primary from aim the is Presargonic to revisit the textu genesis and the relevance of a concept involving a unity of the political and religious spheres at the origins of the State.

180 www.rai.unibe.ch Friday, 16.30 – 17.00

Identification Through Image and Legend: Melissa Ricetti (University of Florence) Inscribed Seals from Kārum Kaniš Level II

Seals are one of the most common ar- recarving or preservation of the legend af- tifacts where image and text can meet, not ter a seal’s transfer, etc.). All these points only because they are usually impressed will be developed in conjunction with the on documents, but also because they often - carry an inscription. Glyptic compositions - and legends are both intended to serve pesealer’s studies identification, due to its primary which remains importance a si artistic, functional and symbolic purposes gnificant area of concern in current Külte- that express the same basic information: ves. - for the reconstruction of the kārum archi sionally detectable from the information providedthe seal owner’s by the identificationtablet or the (onlyenvelope). occa The combination of image and text however does not occur on all seals and, when it happens, it does not follow a prescribed scheme. In this paper I am going to examine the legends, the types of seals and the association with the owners/users of the

Kaniš level II. In particular I will focus on theinscribed distribution seal impressions of inscribed fromseals Kārumamong - ety and on the treatments applied to the legendthe different during social periods groups of use of andkārum reuse soci of the seal (i.e. collocation of the text within the frieze, relation between the legend and the scene and conveyed meanings,

www.rai.unibe.ch 181 Friday, 11.00 – 11.30

Mid-Second Millennium Agricultural Centre Managing Labour, Imagining Elephants: Scribal Production in a

Eleanor Robson (University College London) The University of Manchester has now held three seasons of excavations at Tell Khaiber, near Ur, in a project led by Stuart Campbell, Robert Killick, and Jane Moon (http://urarchaeology.org). Work so far has focused on a large administrative building of the mid-second millennium BC, which was also a centre of scribal production. Some eighty tablets have been found to date, both administrative and educa- tional. Most come from a room that also features a recycling bin. In this talk, I will present the archaeological disposition of the tablets, an overview of their contents, and a preliminary analysis of their historical significance.

182 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W11 Friday, 16.00 – 16.10

The Ancient Middle East Online Eleanor Robson (University College London) is endangered everywhere, but nowhere moreThe so studythan in of Syria the and ancient Iraq Middlethemselves. East Collectively the discipline is very good at offering training and support to our professional colleagues in these countries, but arguably we have been less effective at reaching out to wider publics in the region in their own languages. However, the current ubiquity of mobile computing devices, such as phones and tablets, across to reach out to unprecedentedly numbers ofthe people Middle who East are gives interested us the opportunityin the ancient history, archaeology and languages of their own localities. In this Talk, I shall argue we should be building these audiences into the design of online projects as a matter of course, and discuss possible strategies for doing so.

www.rai.unibe.ch 183 Friday, 11.30 – 12.00

Showing Off: Gestures of Display in Old Babylonian

Terracotta Plaques Elisa Roßberger (LMU München) Old Babylonian terracotta plaques have been studied for decades, yet their divine personage. concrete functions and iconographic con- cific ritual action rather than a particular tent remain elusive. My paper approaches the pictorial system of this popular art form by focu- group of plaques known as goddess within asing structure on a specificor Brustbildgöttin gesture typical. This widely for a distributed group depicts females within dome-shaped, reed-like structures wearing long coats, elaborate hairdos and horned headdresses that identity them as goddesses/divine images. They hold both hands perpendicular to the body in order to display the rich jewellery and ornamented clothes worn underneath. Their cha- racteristic frontality and clenched hands protrude prominently from the background. The resulting impression of a direct engagement with the viewer is rarely seen in Mesopotamian art. Using terracotta plaques from Ishchali as a starting point and summarizing evidence from Southern Mesopotamia and beyond, I will argue that we should identify the motive with a spe-

184 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W4 Tuesday, 09.00 – 09.30

Contextualizing Umma: The Social and Physical Geography of the UmmaStephanie Province Rost and Adam of the Anderson Ur III (SUNY State Stony (2112-2004 Brook and Harvard BC) University) This paper will discuss an interdis- of Umma’s hydrology, geography, and de- ciplinary, quantitative method to aid the mography. The textual analysis will rest reconstruction of Umma’s social and on a network analysis on the relationships physical geography and hydrology. Ur III between geographic locations and agents documents from Umma provide an ext- engaged in water works. By geolocating raordinary and detailed insight into the - socio-political and economic organization of an early state society. However, without peopleplace names and places, and isolating and numbers specific for textucom- the larger geographic contexts surround- al markers (e.g., dates, specific nouns for ing the Umma province, this rich data set - cannot be explored and utilized to its full lemodities, infrastructure titles for (i.e. PNs canals, etc.), wetrade can routes, begin potential. The water management sche- etc.)tracking within the a flow chronological of goods along and socio-ecoa definab- me of the Umma will function as a testa- nomic context. The results of this novel ble case study. The lack of a geographic approach will allow for detailed studies framework impedes the reconstruction of of the numerous actors in this complex canal and river channel networks and the socio-economic system. description of the hydrological technology employed. This limits our ability to establish the philological and semantic range for the translation of the Sumerian termini technici pertaining to water management. We propose a research method that will address this shortcoming by integrating new archaeological data, remote sensing, and textual analysis into a Geogra- phic Information System (GIS) model, to achieve a comprehensive reconstruction

www.rai.unibe.ch 185 Workshop W10 Friday, 11.30 – 12.00

of the Ur III State (2112–2004 BC) The Administration of Irrigation Systems in the Umma Province Stephanie Rost (SUNY Stony Brook and Harvard University)

Managing an irrigation system, re- - gardless of time and place, requires a thorizing the various work projects not considerable amount of planning. The irri- onlyofficials allow in chargeus to reconstruct of supervising the chainand au of gation infrastructure of canals and water command but also determine the degree of centralized control in irrigation ma- and then later regularly maintained. Wa- nagement. More importantly however, it tercontrol needs facilities to be allocated must first to be different constructed, parts also provides insight into the skill set that of the system in order to meet the water - demands of various crops. The smooth tered and helps us gage the level of liter- operation of the system depends on the acyvarious and administratorsnumeracy of an and ancient officials society. mas timely performance of all necessary tasks, This paper will discuss a set of texts which and a staff of full and/or part-time admi- illustrates the individual administrative nistrators is employed to plan and sche- steps including the mathematical proce- dule the execution of the required work dures involved in the planning and execu- projects. The administrative documents tion of irrigation works. from the Umma province during the Ur extraordinarily detailed insight into the administrationIII period (2112–2004 of ancient BCE) irrigation provide sys an- tems and the various computations and of the execution of irrigation works. These documentsquantifications bear employed witness to in the the level planning of sci- and management in Ur III administration. Inentific addition, understanding the recording of data of the acquisition names of

186 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W2 Monday, 14.30 – 15.00

A New Interpretation of an Old Incantation and Its ‘Sitz im Leben’

Nadezda Rudik (Universität Leipzig) The earliest Sumerian incantations - to connect the incantations with the divi- an magical texts to interpret due to the ar- necific sphere. formula. The formulae served rather are among the most difficult Mesopotami chaic and often defective orthography, the Furthermore, this research project has uncovered many new interpretations of knowledge of Sumerian. the old texts which were studied practi- concise art of writing and our insuf-ficient was formally completed in 2011, but is the one another. After a short summary of the typeIn of the project course on of which my PhD one project, never whichreally projectcally for this the paperfirst time will infocus connection on one suchwith stops working, I undertook a completely text which belongs to the group of incanta- new evaluation of the corpus of the ear- tions concerning house building. A new in- liest incantations. Along with a new edi- terpretation of this text will be presented. tion of all known incantations before the Its topic and motifs will be analyzed in the OB period (104 texts), the genre of “in- context of other early incantations and in the wider context of Sumerian literature. its features and its differences from other As a conclusion I would like to attempt to genrescantation” of Mesopotamianin its diachronic literature development, were determine the Sitz im Leben of this text studied. and of the whole group of building incan- A new subdivision of the text corpus tations. was proposed based on text function (as opposed to Falkenstein’s). Special attention was given to the incantation formulae: the research results demonstrate that certain formulae are not necessarily bound to a certain incantation type, and vice versa, that incantations with a certain function do not necessarily require a spe-

www.rai.unibe.ch 187 Workshop W8 Thursday, 11.30 – 12.00

sikillu in Mesopotamian and

Purging Pollution: Maddalena Rumor (FU Berlin) Graeco-Roman Purification Rituals

This talk will investigate the possible sikillu with Greek skilla scilla). Beginning identificationwith the physical of the description Akkadian of plant the plants in the pharmacological (Lat. sources of the Me- sopotamian and Graeco-Roman traditions, - milar roles that sikillu/skilla played in the this exploration will reflect on the very si which aimed at purging ‘polluted’ human bodiespurification of unwanted ceremonies evils. of both cultures,

188 www.rai.unibe.ch Thursday, 11.30 – 12.00

Christoph Schmidhuber (University of Cambridge) Patterns in the Epithets of Old Babylonian Sumerian Inscriptions

The aim of this paper is to assess the degree of standardisation and variation of epithets in royal inscriptions written in Sumerian from the early second millennium BC. I will discuss conventions followed

Babylon and often even deriving from the 3rdby the millennium dynasties BC, of Isin,but I Larsa, will also Uruk high and- light how these four dynasties and even individual rulers put emphasis on diffe- and recreates wider ideological programs ofrent rulers themes. or dynasties This variation and thus often can reflects yield valuable information on practicalities of royal self-presentation, ranging from allu- sions to earlier rulers to new ways to con- ceptualise territorial control.

www.rai.unibe.ch 189 190 www.rai.unibe.ch www.rai.unibe.ch 191 Workshop W8 Thursday, 12.00 – 12.30

Depicting Demons‘ Activity Through Symptom Descriptions

Eric Schmidtchen (FU Berlin) Besides the hands of different gods, very common topic within the diagnostic handbookthe diagnosis as well of a as demonic in other affliction prognostic- is a diagnostic texts. The only text group next to this genre which shares this special interest in describing demonic behavior and the involving effects on a suffering person are incantations, and in particular the large incantation series devoted to

Udug.hul. Since it is generallythe most prominentassumed that demonic the specialist figures like in chargethe Lamaštu series or should be in both cases the āšipu, the question is raised if both text groups share a more or less common set of descriptive moments regarding the same supernatu- ral agents and if so, how it looks like.

192 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W2 Monday, 17.30 – 18.00

The rapadu-Flower Dyes the Steppe:

Daniel Schwemer (Universität Würzburg) An Akkadian Incantation from Early Hellenistic Babylonia

The paper will discuss a yet unpublis-

Babylonian tablet which was written by hed anti-witchcraft incantation on a Late unusualthe well-known structure scholar and wording Ištar-šumu-ēreš, of the in- cantationson of Iqīšâ, raise from questions Hellenistic about Uruk. the deve The- lopment and productivity of this genre of Akkadian anti-witchcraft incantations in the course of the first millennium BC.

www.rai.unibe.ch 193 Friday, 09.30 – 10.00 enuma eliš Meets the So-called Babylonian Map of the World: An Image and Its Text

Jo Ann Scurlock (Elmhurst College) In his book, Cosmic Geography, Wayne Horowitz provides us with a new edition of what has long been hailed as the Ba- bylonian Map of the World, complete not only with its captions, but with an accom- panying text. In principle, a captioned image should be more or less self-expla- natory, and should mesh in some obvious way with the appended narrative. I say should, because the features recorded in the image are a bit odd both in inclusions, exclusions and placement and, if they are odd, the contents of its narrative are even more so. It shall be the object of this paper to unpack the mysteries of this mysterious image and to reconnect it with its accom- panying text.

194 www.rai.unibe.ch Tuesday, 11.00 – 11.30

- pheralMapping Monuments Assyria from of Ashurnasirpal the Center to the II and Edge: Shalmaneser A Comparative III Study of Space and Rhetoric in the Balawat Doors and the Peri

Ann Shafer (State University of New York-FIT), Yan Jia (Peking University) are recounted in texts and images not only fromEarly the Neo-AssyrianAssyrian center military in palatial conquests and temple decorations, but also on freestan- ding stone stelae and rock reliefs from the imperial peripheries. The current paper engages in a comparative study of two groups of royal monuments from the reigns of Ashurnasirpal II and Shalmane- ser III – the three monumental doors from Balawat and the stelae and reliefs at the Assyrian borders – with a focus on the in- they both demonstrate. In an inverse relationship,tention and the mode text-image of program mapping” of eachthat furthest extent of Assyrian activity, whe- reasBalawat the doorperipheral provides monuments a “summary” function of the territories. Their surprising correlation in functionas a steady and “delineation”content reveals of unique those sameinde- xical features of Assyrian royal rhetoric, geographical space shadowed by the „ra- especially as it reflects real and imagined diance of Assur“ in the ninth century BCE. www.rai.unibe.ch 195 Poster and diri Terms in Sumerian Between Text and Image: Some Semantic Primes, Compounds Anastas Shuke (Alb-Science Institute)

A group of terms called semantic primes is of real importance in any language and their graphic etymology might give us the best basic information on cuneiform - pounds are also important to elaborate thesigns readings involved. and The meanings “diri” terms of andthe com- for such terms might be the resultant of a characterizingponent signs. Thesentence final written meaning using decided the rebus principle.

for „arrow“The “ditila” is more might likely be to formed read „til“, as and the notsentence „ti“, through “(I) let knowna graphic to (sb.),” etymology the term re- flecting that arrow is a “life remover,” it The meaning of dirig/diri might be makes sb. “leave life.” formed of cognate words di with SI and RI with syllabic value of A/a. The text-image coherence analyzed through graphic etymology might be a productive way to precisely state the values and meanings of cuneiform signs.

196 www.rai.unibe.ch Poster Behind the Text-Image Coherence in Sumerian Cuneiform

Anastas Shuke (Alb-Science Institute)

The cuneiform script has always been Discovering such graphic etymology a fascinating subject of understanding would be a secure clue to better under- how Sumerians thought of surrounding stand the cuneiform morphological rules world. The invention of script signs and or word boundaries, also deciding the their readings was based on the respective most coherent reading values, meanings, object shape and name. Also, being a visu- so the real language behind its script. al abstraction of its characteristics, function or action, it might be the depiction of a verb, adverb, adjective, etc. Sometimes the actual term was written with a combination of signs, as a short characterizing sentence, using a rebus principle too. The graphic etymology of A-sign, seen as a short sentence: water “is rain“, gives information on its logographic and syllabic meanings, and may show the actual - lysis of two writing forms of kam through ameaning coherent of graphic nominalizing etymology suffix. comparison The ana of the signs ki and kam (ki-am3), might show its actual meaning in year formulas. Similarly, it might be analyzed the -ak (ki4/ke4) genitive possessive, and further, ergative or locative-terminative case as the same syntactic function related to agent or patient, and also, Sumerian typological characteristics.

www.rai.unibe.ch 197 Workshop W2 Monday, 17.00 – 17.30

Frank Simons (University of Birmingham) „Šurpu“ VIII: The Lost Incantations

The text of the ritual and incantation contrasts with the other ritual actions of series Šurpu, Burning was essentially esta- the series, found in Reiner’s tablet V–VI, blished by H. Zim-mern as early as 1901. which are acts of sympathetic magic.

1958. As my paper will show, this is not theThis end was of superseded the matter. by There Erica are Reiner several in problems with Reiner’s text, the most important of which is that the catchline of tablet VII does not match the incipit of tablet VIII. Through the examination of several texts which serve as catalogues of Šurpu incantation incipits, as well as analysis of the content of the series itself, it has been possible to differentiate between three re- censions of the text, and thereby discover the reason for the mismatch. Reiner’s ta- has been omitted from earlier editions. Noblet complete VIII is in manuscriptfact tablet IX, of andthis tablettablet VIIIhas content is preserved, at least in part. One fragmentaryyet been identified, incantation, though atta much binu , of„You its time. The tablet contains incantations to accompanytamarisk“, is a hereset of identified ritual actions, for the each first of which is an act of magical transfer. This

198 www.rai.unibe.ch Friday, 14.30 – 15.00

The Goddess Gula on Kassite Seals:

Correlation Between Visual and Textual Evidence Maria Sologubova (The State Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg) The most popular design on cylinder seals of the 2nd millennium BC represents a scene of worship: the devotee standing or kneeling before a god or a goddess. But just who were these gods? In the iconography of the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, deities often appear without their symbols or attributes. Seal inscriptions of the Kassite period correlations between image and text? The mainrefer aim to various of this paper deities. is to Can try weto associate find any some of the images with concrete deities. The focus will be on the goddess Gula, who was one of the most represented goddesses of the 2nd millennium BC One seal from the collection of the State Hermitage Museum will show the goddess Gula in her anthropomorphous appearance.

www.rai.unibe.ch 199 Workshop W5 Tuesday, 09.00 – 09.30

The Stars, Like Dust:

Karen Sonik (Auburn University) Envisioning Celestial Bodies and Imag(in)ing Constellations

Explicit illustrations of the Babylonian constellations, as noted by Erica Reiner, are both rare and late. Extant imagery- from the first millennium (Neo-Assyrian representationsto Seleucid Period), of includesconstellations both scheand matic line and some striking fully fleshed- derings, particularly those etched into astrologicalsignificant celestialtablets, offer bodies. a striking These renop- portunity to explore the often subtle and complex relationships between text and as these interact on singular objects but alsoimage with in respect the ancient to the Near larger East written not onlyand pictorial traditions which they potentially reference or evoke. The respective constellations of images (as well as the images of constellations) on VAT 7851 and VAT 7847 + AO 6448 are particularly marked in this context, and their associations with both visual and written accounts of divine combat with and defense against disorder further explored.

200 www.rai.unibe.ch Monday, 14.30 – 15.00

Myth and Art in Mesopotamia

Karen Sonik (Auburn University)

The surviving written and visual corpora from ancient Mesopotamia evince a rich mythological tradition. Fantastic pictorial compositions, depicting gods, heroes, and monsters, are known from while mythological narrative is extant particularlyas early the from late the fourth early millennium second millen BCE- nium onwards. Remarkably limited, given this seeming abundance of evidence, are episodes from the surviving mythological poemsclearly and identifiable scenes from correlations the visual between corpus. This paper explores the (apparent) mismatch between written word and image and delineates the respective nature of and interfaces between the written and pictorial mythological corpora.

www.rai.unibe.ch 201 Workshop W7 Thursday, 10.00 – 10.30

“How Much is that Doggie in the Window, Woof Woof?”— Henry Stadhouders (Utrecht University) Retrieving the Pedigree of an Orphaned Figurine

Despite its virtually unique character, a tiny gold dog that has been in the pos- session of the British Museum since 1930 appears to still not have been properly studied yet. As it was purchased on the antiquities market it is deprived of any archeological context that might have hel- ped to establish its Sitz im Leben in ancient record are ready to be revoiced and help times. Luckily, voices from the cuneiform free it from sitting in splendid isolation. us contextualize the lonely figurine and

202 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W5 Tuesday, 10.00 – 10.30

Drawing Images in Astronomical Texts

John Steele (Brown University)

In this presentation, I will investigate the rare phenomenon of instructions within astronomical cuneiform texts telling the reader to ‘draw’ things on some - de: What types of things are to be drawn? surface.How are Questions they to be to drawn? be addressed How do inclu they relate to written astronomical knowledge? In order to answer these questions I will discuss two case studies: (1) a small group of texts describing the drawing of constellations and (2) two texts describ-ing the construction of some type of gnomon.

www.rai.unibe.ch 203 Workshop W7 Thursday, 15.00 – 15.30

Architecture and Acoustical Resonances: The ‚Tholoi‘ at Arpachiyah Reconsidered Within a Wider Context

Diana Stein (Birbeck College)

The site of Arpachiyah in northern Iraq pachiyah was a regional ceremonial centre and that the structure of the tholoi is inte- in 1933. His objective was to clarify the gral to the rites performed within. Rarely sequencewas first excavatedand context by of Sir a distinctiveMax Mallowan type does the combined evidence of architec- of painted pottery that he had previously ture, burial practice, associated artefacts encountered near the bottom of his deep and designs provide such a coherent pic- sounding at Nineveh. The site soon beca- ture and allow us to imagine the multi- me an archetype of the late Neolithic Halaf sensory experience of ritual practice in culture, and among the many hallmarks of Neolithic times. this period are the so-called tholoi, whose

At the time, Mallowan’s frame of reference reachedform and west significance across the still northern remain aplains puzzle. of Syro-Mesopotamia to Bronze Age Greece,

Accumulated evidence now suggests that thewhence Halaf he culture borrowed has closer the termlinks with “tholoi”. the surrounding highlands to the north and east of Arpachiyah. But the best source for - standing the purpose of this site and its ar- chitecturefinding comparative comes through material adopting and a under more global perspective on Neolithic lifestyles. Drawing on studies relating to this wider database and Campbell’s reassessment of Mallowan’s excavations, I suggest that Ar-

204 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W4 Tuesday, 11.30 – 12.00

Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) Analysis as an Augmenta tion of Literacy Studies and Social Network Analysis in the Old Assyrian Trade: Preliminary Offerings Edward Stratford (Brigham Young University) - yield new insights into literacy and providing more information on which to nuan- createdPerhaps away half from of thethe documentssite, across excavaa wide ce network analysis of the trade. arrayted from of locations the kārum traversed area at by Kanesh Old Assyri were- an caravans of traders. Recent models of Anatolian geography are helpful, but locating the creation of individual letters or even more so of debt notes or aides de me- miore is nearly impossible without more information than the texts provide. Non- throughdestructive material portable analysis X-Ray of Flourescence tablets. Be- cause(pXRF) of analysisthe complexity offers someof movement information and interpretation within the Old Assyrian corpus, such an investigation needs to be pursued in tandem with textual analysis. This presentation will report on the limits - tions of text creation with the elemental and benefits of correlating proposed loca- veral case studies will demonstrate how suchanalysis results offered can be from combined pXRF analysis.with recons Se- truction of commercial activity and chiro- graphic analysis (distinction of hands) to

www.rai.unibe.ch 205 Thursday, 12.00 – 12.30

Boomerang in Image and Text

Oded Tammuz (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev)

The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the sign RU can be associated with a boomerang based both on the early forms of the sign and later texts that were based on old traditions. The term boomerang is used here for a weapon made of wood that is hurled and if it fails to hit the target it returns to the thrower. As noticed before the shape of the sign RU does resemble a boomerang. The text that associates GIŠ.RU with a boo- ḪAR.gud com- mentary on ḪAR.ra ḫubullu) lines 63–66 whichmerang records is MSL the VI p.various 109 ( phases in the = suggestedBoomerang’s that flight: the term “goes developed away”, „riseswith timeup”, “returns” and was and used “falls for down.” other Itsomewhat is further similar weapons: through-stick, sickle sword and in the end for a completely different weapon: the bow.

206 www.rai.unibe.ch Thursday, 17.00 – 17.30

An Akdağmadeni Glass Girdle Seal İlknur Taş (Hitit Üniversitesi) A cobalt blue glass ring stamp-seal was unearthed in a Roman clay sarcophagus,

The object in question, which was proba- near Umutlu town, in Akmağdeni, Yozgat. millenium BC, was re-used as an amulet in thebly Romanused as period. a ring Instamp-seal this paper, in the the scene first on the amulet stamp has been interpreted, and a production date is suggested. Since there is no inscription on this amulet/ stamp-seal, it can be dated by means of the type of the sun disc and the charac- the evidence, this glass stamp-seal from ateristics Roman of grave the figuresmay probably on it. According be dated to - ly have orginated from Cyprus, because of the first millenium BC, and it may probab Cyprus, its production material, i.e. glass, andits Phoenician the scene ontypology, the seal. similar finds from

www.rai.unibe.ch 207 Poster The British Institute for the Study of Iraq

Jon Taylor (British Museum)

The British Institute for the Study of gage in research and training in the UK, Iraq (Gertrude Bell Memorial) is dedica- with the aim of assisting the protection ted to advancing research and public edu- and re-build of Iraq‘s cultural heritage. cation about Iraq in the areas of the arts, humanities and social sciences, from the earliest times until the present day. BISI funds and carries out research and public education on Iraq and neighbouring countries. Our academic coverage includes anthropology, archaeology, history, the arts, humanities and social sciences, fromgeography, the earliest language times and until other the fieldspresent. in BISI offers a range of grants to support research and education projects that enrich understanding of the culture, history and society of Iraq. We fund and organise lec- tures, study days, and other public events

BISI - intributes London, The elsewhere International in the Journal UK, and of ConIraq.- temporary publishes Iraqi the Studies journal ( IJCIS IRAQ). andWe also dis publish books on the history, archaeology, and languages of Iraq, as well as an annual newsletter. We also help to support, re- train, and re-equip the cultural heritage professionals of Iraq. Since 2005, we have been sponsoring scholars from Iraq to en-

208 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W11 Friday, 14.40 – 14.50

Wedge-Shaped Bridges:

Jon Taylor (British Museum) A Museum Perspective on Communicating Assyriology

The British Museum has many years of experiencee in engaging audiences worldwide, stimulating their interest in the An- - ploration of the ancient cultures through cientthe objects Near Eastthey andleft behind. facilitating This their presen ex- tation shares some of the experiences gai- ned through permanent and temporary displays, public events, talks, publications and digital media. It also touches on current trends and future plans, as we adapt to an ever changing world. What interests the public about the know and how has this changed? What preconceptionsAncient Near East? do theyWhat bring? do they What already are the barriers and challenges to communication? Where are the opportunities? What can the research community do?

www.rai.unibe.ch 209 Workshop W7 Thursday, 17.00 – 17.30

The Missing Shade of Blue

Shiyanthi Thavapalan (Yale University)

The absence of an abstract word for Assyrian architectural design. I will argue the color blue is a striking feature of many that the variety of ways Akkadian refers to languages, both modern and ancient. In shades of blue and the careful distinctions these cases, the color is often described among shades of blue in Mesopotamian using a substance, such as a stone or dye. art show a highly nuanced perception of Although it was an essential feature of this key color, which was not subsumed Mesopotamian art, fashion, and architec- under one word. ture, and despite contacts with other languages that had such words (for instance, Hittite), the Akkadian language, too, never - thermore, blue objects and materials are occasionallydeveloped a referred specific termto with for words blue. Furthat generally mean other colors, such as arqu and ṣalmu. My paper seeks to reconstruct the Akkadian color system and the ‘puzzle of blue’ in light of ethno-linguistic data collected in the University of California- based World Color Survey project and the physical evidence for blue pigments and colorants from ancient Mesopotamia. With regard to the latter, special attention will be paid to the results of multispec- tral-imaging analysis conducted on Yale University’s Assyrian relief sculpture from Nimrud. This investigation has revealed - pected and hitherto unknown contexts in the use of Egyptian Blue pigment in unex

210 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W11 Friday, 14.50 – 15.00

Repenser la présentation des Antiquités orientales au Musée du

Louvre à travers l‘exemple des salles mésopotamiennes Ariane Thomas (Musée du Louvre) - vre Depuisa largement le XIXe évolué siècle, suivant la présentation l’histoire dudes antiquitésmusée lui-même,orientales auen Musée particulier du Lou l’élargissement considérable de son public et les adaptations rendues nécessaires. A l’appui d’enquêtes et d’expériences me- nées tant dans les salles qu’en dehors, une actuelle et ses possibles évolutions. réflexion est en cours sur la présentation

www.rai.unibe.ch 211 Monday, 15.00 – 15.30

Ningirsu, Ninurta und Sirius in sumerischem Kontext

Marie-Louise Thomsen (Universität Würzburg) Ninurta, der im 3. Jt. in Girsu unter Der Stern Sirius, Pfeil, war ein Teil dem Namen Ningirsu verehrt wurde, war des babylonischen Sternbilds Bogen, und zu fast allen Zeiten in Mesopotamien ein sehr populärer Gott, der wegen seines Rollsiegeln können ein Hinweis auf den kriegerisches und heldenhaftes Aspekts GottAbbildungen Ninurta sein.von Pfeil und Bogen z.B. auf mit dem Herrscher eng verbunden war. - wirtschaft. Außerdem war Ninurta Gott für die Land In babylonischen astronomischen Texten wird Ninurta mit dem Stern Sirius (MUL.KAK.SI.SÁ, Pfeil) gleichgesetzt. Man hat bisher angenommen, dass es sich um sumerischen literarischen Texten aus der neusumerischeneine späte Identifizierung und altbabylonischen handelt, aber in Zeit gibt es zahlreiche Hinweise auf Ni- nurta oder Ningirsu als Himmelskörper:

Sonnengott von Sumer; er ist der einzige HeldEr ist deswie Himmels.die aufgehende Diese Sonne;Beschreibungen er ist der und die Funktionsgebiete Ninurtas passen gut zum Stern Sirius, der als Fixstern mit

Zeitrechnung und viele landwirtschaftli- cheseinem Tätigkeiten regelmäßigen von großer Erscheinen Bedeutung für war. die

212 www.rai.unibe.ch Friday, 17.00 – 17.30

When One is Not Enough: Multiple Seal Ownership in the Late Old Assyrian Period Oya Topçuoğlu (University of Chicago) Seals have been used in administrative plex practice and the relationship between practice as markers of identity and owner- seal owners and their seals. Whether the ship for millennia. However, identifying practice was seen as a symbol of wealth the owners of these seals in the material and prestige or was simply a consequence record is almost impossible unless the of personal recognition of the seal owner seals are found with individuals in phy- in a given context will also be discussed. sical contexts, such as burials. A holistic seals and sealings with the seal inscriptions,approach, sealer’s specifically notations, one and that textual integrates evidence plays a crucial role in this respect. As recent studies have shown, when examined together, seal imagery, seal legend, and sealed documents can provide ample information regarding seal owners and their social and professional identities as well different sealing practices. By bringing together seal imagery and textual evidence, this paper explores the practice of multiple seal ownership in of- in the late Old Assyrian period. Various ca- sesficial attested contexts at Tell in northern Bi’a, Tell al-Rimah, Mesopotamia Tell how integrating iconography, prosopogra- phy,Leilan, and and texts Mari can are shed used light to demonstrateon this com-

www.rai.unibe.ch 213 Workshop W4 Tuesday, 14.30 – 15.00

Hittite Inventory Texts (CTH 241-250): A Reassessment

Giulia Torri (SAGAS, University of Florence)

The corpus of Hittite inventory texts (CTH 241–250) was edited by S. Košak and J. Siegelová in 1982 and 1986. The texts are mainly lists of goods, including metals, weapons, textiles, and jewels, which were brought to Hattusha from the territories under Hittite control; and records of the redistribution of these same goods to craftsmen, temple and court of-

Despite those valuable editions, scho- ficials. lars largely ignored these texts. However, they are important for the reconstruction of economic networks of the Hittite state of the texts were composed. during the late Empire Period, when most A new research project at the Univer- sity of Florence is going to focus on two main kinds of information which can be gleaned from these texts: categories of workers and their role in the social Sys- tem, and the geographic trade networks of the Hittite state, reconstructed on the basis of the origin of the goods recorded in these texts.

214 www.rai.unibe.ch Tuesday, 14.30 – 15.00

Step by Step: Correcting our Mental Image of the mušlālu Johanna Tudeau and Alexander Sollee (University of Bern)

- pital cities in modern northern Iraq pro- ducedExcavations astonishing at monumental the Neo-Assyrian architec- ca ture. These structures not only included temples and palaces, but also the cities‘ the city gates, which represent large ela- boratefortifications. constructions. Of particular A small interest group areof them stands out for being associated in Akkadian texts with the enigmatic term mušlālu. Due to the contexts of the attestations, mušlālu is often translated as “step and philological evidence suggests, how- gate”ever, thator “ramped these translations passage”. Archaeological may not be completely adequate as they lay emphasis on a constructional element that can actually be found at most gates, many of which mušlālu. This paper aims at critically reviewing ar- chaeologicalare not specifically and philological referred to evidence as for the mušlālu and will discuss the role of the mušlālu within Neo-Assyrian architecture.

www.rai.unibe.ch 215 Thursday, 14.00 – 14.30

All the King’s Adamindugas: Textual Images of Ur III Sovereigns as Managers of the Universe

Luděk Vacín (University of Hradec Králové) This paper will tackle the question why most of the known Sumerian debate poems mention Ur III kings and why those rulers were supposed to have decided the dispute of the protagonists in some of those texts. The talk will explore intertextual relations of such debates with poems in praise of the respective Ur III kings to put forward a hypothesis that literary dis- putes were part of Ur III royal propaganda and court ceremonial aiming to promote particularly Šulgi’s ideology of the divine king, portrayed in the debates as a judge of the values and qualities of animals and plants and the decision maker whose jud- gements were essential for the organization and management of the Sumero-Akka- dian universe.

216 www.rai.unibe.ch Friday, 12.00 – 12.30

The Secret Crime of the nadītu Hammurabi Priestess in § 110 of the Laws of Susandra van Wyk (North West University)

- cy (Roth 1999:461). However, the nadītu’s tern scholar debate regarding the function misconduct is not committed in secret but andLH role 110 of is the part nadiātu of the Ancient-priestess Near groups Eas in the open, for the priestess enters into or opens a business within public view. What 110 forbids the uncloistered nadītu from is, then, the secret crime of the uncloiste- enteringin Old Babylonian or opening society. a certain Prima business facie, asLH- sociated with the sābītu; the penalty for From this stance, I have investigated such a crime is public execution by bur- red priestess in LH 110? ning. Mainstream scholars deduce from of the protection of the chastity of the Old Babylonian terracotta plaques and nadītuLH 110 or and an disagree economic that limitation it is a reflection in com- literature that the sābītu’s business is a peting with the sābītu present-day tavern/bordello, i.e. a gathe- 110 does capture economic relationships, ring of rowdy, drunken gamblers and pro- but only in so far as to. prevent I propose the that nadītu LH stitutes. These caused mainstream scho- from committing a secretly evasive act lars to view the nadiātu through the lens that will hinder the administration and of either (a) indulging in illicit behaviour maintenance of the state and undermine for the nadītu to compromise her chastity. - or (b) that LH 110 reflects a prohibition In contrast, Martha Roth (1999) opines teredthe king’s nadītu continuous from receiving authority. gains LH 110 from is moneya fiscal regulation:lending and it from prohibits secretly the uncloisevading the nadītu, prohibiting her from oversha- the payment of taxes as an unregulated dowingthat LH the110 money-lending is an economic business regulation of the of moneylender. sābītu. What commands attention is one public executions usually take place as the resultof Roth’s of a conclusionsmisconduct committed that LH’s dramaticin secre-

www.rai.unibe.ch 217 Poster

Die Deuteronomisten zwischen Persien und Babylonien Petr Jan Vinš (Charles University, Prague) - schung der Beurteilung des Königtums undDer der BeitragKönigsideologie widmet sichder deuterono der Erfor- mistischen Redaktion der Samuel- und Königsbücher der hebräischen Bibel im Vergleich mit der assyrisch-babylonischen und altpersischen Königsideologie. Innerhalb der hebräischen Bibel stellt die späte deuteronomistische Redaktion ein theologisches Korrektiv zu den narrativen und heldenhaften Fabeln über die Könige wie David und Salomo dar. Von dieser Rezension wird die Institution von Königtum an sich kritisch betrachtet. Der Beitrag vertritt die These, dass eine paradigmatische Wende in der alto- - erzeit eine Schlüsselrolle in der Formation dieserrientalischen sog. nomistischenKönigsideologie (spätdeutero in der Pers- mistischen) Schicht in den Samuel- und Königsbüchern (und im deuteronomisti- schen Geschichtswerk insgesamt) gespielt hat.

218 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W11 Friday, 14.00 – 14.10

Destroyers of Civilization: Daesh and the 21st Century University

Eva von Dassow (University of Minnesota) While IS jihadists are looting sites, de- if they mean to compete with the Islamic facing ancient sculpture, and decapitating State in the endeavor to destroy civilizati- - on along with knowledge of it. ca are decapitating programs for the study ofstatues, the very universities civilizations in Europe that produced and Ameri tho- word of more cuts or threats to faculty positions,se artifacts departments, and sites. Every and weekcurricula brings in the study of ancient languages and history, as well as of the languages and cultures - ding that the need for such knowledge keepsof the staringmodern the Middle West East in the – notwithstanface! Our political institutions scorn humanistic disciplines as lacking economic anyone‘s humanistic knowledge, unless perhapsvalue (read: to authenticate no one makes antiquities a profit from for sale). They consider education to serve no purpose but getting jobs (ignoring the very laws of supply and demand at the basis of economics) and making money – not making knowledge or, heaven forfend, developing citizens! So universities downsi- ze programs in ancient and modern Near /

Middle Eastern studies out of existence, as www.rai.unibe.ch 219 Workshop W9 Friday, 09.00 – 09.30

In Search for the Narrative Visualization of the Kings’ Wisdom and“When Righteousness the Righteous Increase, the People Rejoice”:

Elisabeth Wagner-Durand (University of Freiburg) Whilst the conception of Mesopotami- lungen an rulers as wise, pious or lawful has been narratives ofsujets of long ago? By taking textually communicated by the at least a diachronic (narratives view, this of reality)paper will or focus fictional on partly narrative transmission of their ac- selected images of the righteous guided tions and deeds during several millennia, king and discusses their narrativity the question how to identify the wise, the pious or the lawful king in the visual if we identify images connected to these matters,world cannot like the be pious easily Nabonidus answered. or Even the lawful Hammurabi, the praying Tiglath- - syrian kings performing rituals, the ques- tionPileser remains I in front whether of the altar, these or (orthe Neo-Asothers) constitute visual narratives relating to the debated issues of the wise, pious and lawful ruler. In this vein, the narrative quality of all these images is open to debate. Do these depictions narrate? Or do they relate to existing narratives? Do they make generic statements without ligation in time and place? Or do they prove by telling the story, that the kings own wisdom, piety and justice. Do these image generate normative or descriptive Wirklichkeitserzäh-

220 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W2 Monday, 15.00 – 15.30

Piercing the Eye: On an Old Babylonian Love Incantation Nathan Wasserman (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) and the Preparation of Kohl

At the focus of this paper stands a short love incantation which, as it turns out, contains valuable information on the preparation of kohl in the Old Babylonian period. New references to this dark eye make-up are presented, and the relation between magical texts and daily life technologies is discussed.

www.rai.unibe.ch 221 Monday, 18.00 – 18.30

Identifying the Four Foreigners Paying Homage to Assurbanipal Jamie Novotny (Osaka Gakuin University) in BM ME 124945-6 Through Textual and Pictorial Sources Chikako E. Watanabe and The fall of Babylon and the death of take place after the capture of Babylon in 648, as this relief seems to indicate, but rather is an idealized composite that Assyrianits king Šamaš-šumu-ukīn king Assurbanipal in late (668–631 648 BC has possibly incorporated details from BC).were This significant is suggested events by in the the number reign of of theex- several different incidents. Thus, unsur- tant written and visual sources recording prisingly, this presentation scene is likely some of the details of the failed rebellion more concerned with royal ideology than of the Assyrian king’s older brother and its it is with historical reality. Therefore, this paper aims to unravel the mystery of this once decorated the walls of Room M (the idealized, otherwise unrecorded event by aftermath. BM ME 124945-6, a relief that- identifying the four foreigners who are lace at Nineveh, is the best known visual depicted together at Babylon shortly after source.so-called It ‘Throne has a scene Room’) showing of the NorthAssurba Pa- Assurbanipal’s victory over his brother nipal reviewing war spoils from the palace in Babylon carved in its lower register. In the middle row of that presentation Šamaš-šumu-ukīn. scene, four notable foreigners are shown paying homage to the Assyrian king. The identities of those four important men remain a mystery to this day since extant textual sources do not record their capture or submission to Assurbanipal at the time when Babylon fell. Taking into account available evidence, the speakers suggest that this particular event depicted on BM ME 124945-6 did not actually

222 www.rai.unibe.ch Tuesday, 12.00 – 12.30

What are ‘Esarhaddon’s Succession Oath Documents’? Kazuko Watanabe (Toya Eiwa University, Japan) - shouldTo ascertain discuss what how the ‘Esarhaddon’s documents have Suc beencession constructed. Oath Documents The publication (ESOD)’ are, of thewe

(2012), has enabled us to clarify the struc- tureTayinat of the version documents: of ESOD that bythey J. have Lauinger nine components: (1) Caption of seals, (2) Tit- - tases (conditional clauses), (6) Relative clause,les, (3) (7)Commands, Apodoses (4) (curses), Decrees, (8) (5) Oath Pro in the 1st person, and (9) Colophon. are oath documents composed in the manner These of legal components documents. show As oath that docu ESOD- ments, they were certainly accompanied by a number of oath rituals. The text of - tual, however, it includes several clues to ESODdiscovering does notthem. mention All of anythe concreteoath takers ri probably, at the least, used ‘water and oil’ in order to make their oaths effective.

to ensureFurthermore, their acceptance we find some by a importantvariety of peoplesinnovations under in theESOD, largest which dominion were devised of As- syria.

www.rai.unibe.ch 223 Workshop W5 Tuesday, 09.30 – 10.00

John Wee (The University of Chicago) Houses of Secret and the Meanings of Planetary Exaltations

This paper builds on my earlier research presented at the iCHSTM 2013 Meeting (Manchester) concerning how depictions of planetary ‘exaltations’ in Weidner’s Gestirn-Darstellungen (abbrev: GDBT) (1967) tablets are scale drawings, as well as F. Rochberg’s discussion on the ‘House of Secret’ (bīt niṣirti) of Mesopo- - ments of the Babylonian Contribution to tamian planets in her essay about “Ele situate the methodology of scale measure- mentHellenistic in the Astrology” GDBT tablets (1987 in the & 2010).context I of other constellation and architectural drawings on tablets, considering the meanings of these planetary positions as co- ordinates of sidereal and tropical zodiacs, as well as their enigmatic values in Baby- lonian and Greek horoscopes.

224 www.rai.unibe.ch Monday, 17.30 – 18.00

Erra Plotted Evil

– Images of Destruction in the Song of Erra Frauke Weiershäuser (LMU Munich) - sual language the chaos and destruction The Song of Erra narrates in a rich vi who planed to annihilate Babylonia. The textthat doesresulted not fromonly thedescribe rage of the the ruin god of Erra cities resulting from rebellion and war, but covers also the disintegration of social order and even the destruction of the natural environment.

of courseThe Song a lot of of Erra motives is a forunique disaster piece and of damageliterature can from already the first be found millennium, in earlier but Mesopotamian texts. This paper deals with the imagery of disaster in the Song of contemporary and earlier literary compositions.Erra and ask for intertextual references to

www.rai.unibe.ch 225 Workshop W1 Monday, 15.30 – 16.00

From Ivory to Bronze: Artistic Interactions across Media

Dirk Wicke (Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt)

Ivory carvings and bronze vessels are tance of stylistic studies across the bound- generally considered as two very different aries of material or objectcategories. cate-gories of objects. They not only differ in their use – mostly elements of furniture versus vessels – but considerably more so in their material, and hence working and production. However, they share a large number of iconographic and stylistic details. A large number of cross-references can be found between the two categories of objects and within the different style groups. Comparisons across material boundaries allow for mutual support in date and place of origin, a hotly debated issue in ivory-research. It is the more striking, that a similar range of motifs can be found on both groups of objects, for ex- - gures. This indicates a use as mere decora- tiveample patterns, sphinxes, dissociated palmettes from and any pharaofi deeper those similarities summons for a new look oniconologic the interactions value and meaning.between Andcraftsmen, finally not only between wood- and ivorycarving, but comprising also metalsmiths and the - plaques. The paper underlines the impor- makers of clayfigurines and terracotta

226 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop W11 Friday, 16.20 – 16.30

Bringing Assyria to the Stage

Selena Wisnom (University of Oxford)

- don, and Ashurbanipal are the stuff of epic tragedy.The storiesSelena ofWisnom Sennacherib, has written Esarhad and staged two plays about these kings and witnessed the power of these narratives to engage people with the world of ancient Assyria. She will talk about her experiences and the potential for theatre to bring ancient Mesopotamia to new audiences.

www.rai.unibe.ch 227 Friday, 10.00 – 10.30

Selena Wisnom (University of Oxford) Stress Patterns in Akkadian Poetry: A Comparative Approach

The general consensus is that an Akka- dian metrical system based on stress does not exist, as a system of regular patterns not been found. Although in earlier and moresuch asrecent those scholarship,in Latin or Greek attempts verse have has have yet been widely accepted. This paper offersbeen made a different to define approach such a by system, comparing none Akkadian with Old Germanic metres. The fact that there can be any number of un- stressed syllables in an Akkadian poetic line is usually seen as fundametally in- compatible with regular metre. However, which nevertheless has stress patterns this is also the case for Old English poetry, and shows a number of parallels with Akkadianthat can beverse. classified This paper into regulartakes Enuma types Elish as a case study and uses strategies from Germanic poetics to investigate possible Akkadian verse typologies. The aim is to assess whether the principles of these systems might help us understand more about how Akkadian poetry works.

228 www.rai.unibe.ch Friday, 09.00 – 09.30

Martin Worthington (University of Cambridge) Ea‘s Trick Message to Uruk, Revisited

Several scholars have already suspec- ted that, when Utnapišti conveys to the people of Uruk the message given him by paper will offer a fresh interpretation ofhis the master relevant Ea, not lines, all issuggesting as it seems. that This the idea there are two different ways of reading the passage, one good, one bad, can be extended. While the proposed reading comes too late for the message’s original audience, today it gains plausibility by re- solving a morphological problem.

www.rai.unibe.ch 229 Workshop 6 Tuesday, 16.00 – 16.30

Teaching Iconographic Analysis and Iconology According to the Fribourg School at Bern and Zurich

Patrick Wyssmann (University of Bern) Christian Frevel (Bochum) forged the between text and image is less obvious than in Christian and Renaissance art tre- Othmar Keel quoted it in Goddesses and trees,label “Fribourgnew moon School” and Yahweh: in his dissertation.Ancient near step method to dealing with motif, scene eastern art and the He-brew Bible (JSOT.SS andated decoration.by Panofsky. It Keel will changed be shown, the wherethree- 261, 1998) and Christoph Uehlinger, one Keel, Schroer and Uehlinger turn their at- of Keel’s students and co-authors, applied tention to and how they differ from other - views. The second part of the paper deals graphic approach of Keel and his students with the didactic approach of teaching inthe his label 1994/5 “Freiburger article Schule”on biblical to theiconogra icono- iconographic analysis and iconology to students. It will provide concrete examp- this paper is on the understanding, inter- les used in courses that were held at Bern pretationphy (NBL andII, 219-226: mediation 226). of iconographicThe focus of and Zurich.

- bourganalysis School and iconology at the Universities according toof Erwin Bern Panofsky by main exponents of the Fri

Silviaand Zurich. Schroer As aand first Christoph step, the Uehlinger reception willof Panofsky’s be summed method up. In his by book Othmar Das Recht Keel, der Bilder gesehen zu werden (OBO 122, three-step method and criticised the use of1992), written Othmar documents Keel discussed in his second Panofsky’s methodical step called iconographic analysis.

In the ancient Near East the connection

230 www.rai.unibe.ch Friday, 15.00 – 15.30

Identity Construction Through Text and Image in Babylonia:

The Priests of Enlil and Their Seals Serdar Yalcin (Parsons The New School for Design, New York) This paper will explore the issue of physical expressions of an elite identity in identity construction and expression the Middle-Babylonian Society. cusing on a group of Kassite seals owned through art in the ancient Near East by fo-- nian textual sources give a rich spectrum ofby theprofessions priesthood that of Enlil.were Middle-Babyloheld by adult men in the society. Among these profes- in Nippur stands out as one of the most prestigioussions, the priesthood positions in of Babylonia. the Enlil I temple argue that this prestige is further demonstrated in different qualities of the personal seals of the priests, such as their material value as precious stones and the formulation of the inscriptions carved on the cylinders. Unlike most inscribed Mesopotamian

- lyseals, put Enliltheir priests, professional even theback-ground royal princes be- forewho theirheld thesepatrimony. special Visually, offices, theconsistent priestly nature of this profession was further em- phasized by the clean-shaven portrayal of the seal owner before a divinity. As a re- image, text and material together were sult, the seals of the Enlil priests that fused www.rai.unibe.ch 231 Monday, 11.30 – 12.00

Hittites in North-Central Anatolia: Current Evidence Aslıhan Yurtsever Beyazıt (Istanbul University) In recent years, the research on Hittite as a result of these research many impor- tantPeriod results in Anatolia have been has gainedachieved momentum, regarding the Hittite culture and the historical geography. For years, the researches continue in important Hittite settlements like

(Kaneš) and Ortaköy (Šapinuwa) which areBoğazköy in Central (Hattuša), Anatolia Alaca and Höyük, the north, Kültepe the heartland of the Hittite Kingdom. Additio- - apar, where the excavations have recently nally, archeological work started in Eskiy been resumed, Uşaklı/Kuşaklı Höyük in Höyükthe Yozgat in the Province vicinity borders, of Amasya. Vezirköprü- Impor- tantOymaağaç results Höyükwere achieved (Nerik?) regarding and Oluz the religious, political and social life of Hitti- tes, who dominated Anatolia during the 2nd Millennium BC, in light of architec- from the aforementioned settlements tural, pottery and small finds recovered (Marašantiya) Basin where the Hittite Kingdomthat were was in born and aroundand prospered. the Kızılırmak

232 www.rai.unibe.ch Workshop 2: Monday, 16.30 – 17.00

Middle Babylonian and Assyrian Incantations Lost in Translation: An Introduction to the Corpus of

Elyze Zomer (Universität Leipzig) This paper will present an overview of the so far unexplored corpus of incantations of the Middle Babylonian and Midd- le Assyrian periods, investigating their pivotal role between the incantations of the Old Babylonian period and the later - - onseries found and on compendia Rm 376, a of Sammeltafel the first millen from nium BCE. Finally, an enigmatic incantati in Studies Landsberger 288,Kalḫu, against left untranslated a great female by evil W.G. will Lambert be out- lined and discussed. (= AS 16) pp. 283-

www.rai.unibe.ch 233 Workshop W6 Tuesday, 16.30 – 17.00

An Archer Aiming at a Dragon or Ninurta’s Fight Against Anzu:

Ulrich Steymans (University of Fribourg) Constellations Perceived as a Link Between Image Text Pavel Zupan and Hans Othmar Keel stressed the right of compared with texts dealing apparently images to be seen. Images are sign sys- with the same subject in order to establish tems worth looking at carefully before a link between image and text. This paper referring to texts in order to determine or detect the message, which the image Zupan under the supervision of Hans Stey- itself might contain. In a society based mansis based and on commented a BA thesis on writtenby Othmar by PavelKeel. mainly on oral communication as was The BA thesis as well as this paper start with the interpretation of a Neo-Assyrian had their way of telling stories through cylinder seal belonging to the collections imagesthe ancient that Nearwas fairlyEast, artistindependent and artisans from of the Bible+Orient Collection Fribourg the textual transmission of these stories. and try to explore how step two and three Therefore, in Keel’s second methodical of Keel’s methodology can be executed in step called Scene, the interpretation of practice. the image should solely rely on images and not use written sources for the analysis. Keel adopts Jan Assmann’s concept of constellations as a means of interpreting the relationship of the motifs of an image that are combined to scenes in order to tell a story. The third methodical step, called decor or Sitz im Leben, deals with the function of the scene in respect to the place (bedroom, wall of a temple, cylinder seal) where the scene is found. Only after applying the three methodical steps to an Image, its pictorial constellations can be

234 www.rai.unibe.ch Map of Geneva

rue Basses

route d

e p u Musée d‘art q i ét et d‘histoire Helv route d d e Floriss b Reception ant (Tuesday)

T 12

enue

de Cham

v ru a

r B e pel 1 T 12 d L

d o e mb UNI Mail l T a C ar

15/17 lus d Conference Venue e Conference Desk T 12 T r o ute des Jeu 15/17

ias r c u e

C ar Acac o line ne des

ue s r

Bd Helvétique quai Ernest-Ansermet

ru e J ac q ues

-D al phin

T 235

R rondeau oute de Carouge

d ro e ut s Jeune e d e D ri z s e Geneva, UNI Mail

Parc Baud-Bovy

Poster

Publisher

Publisher Coffee break

Conference

Desk

Boulevard du Pont-d‘Arve

236 Bern, University Schanzeneck (UniS) and Main building

237 Bern, University Schanzeneck (UniS)

ground floor

basement floor

238 Bern, University Schanzeneck (UniS)

first floor

second floor

239 Sebastian Borkowski 69 Laurent Colonna d’Istria 78 IndexA of Speakers and Authors of Posters Nicole Brisch...... 70 Maamoun Abdulkarim 41 Hagan Brunke...... 71 Cynthia Dunning..... 41, 42 , 51, 52 Şevket Dönmez...... 87 Giorgio Affanni...... 53 Selim F. Adalı..... 12 C E Alex Aissaoui...... 54 Michele Cammarosano...... Alexander Edmonds... 88 Hiba al-Bassir...... 42 ...... 72, 150 Réka Esztári...... 89 Cheikhmous Ali...... 42 Eva Cancik-Kirschbaum 73 Lance Allred...... 55 Annie Caubet...... 53 F Michel Al-Maqdiss..... 42 Manuel Ceccarelli...... 74 Claus Ambos...... 56 Mohamad Fakhro...... 41, 42 Pierre Chaigneau...... 75 Marian Feldman...... 90 Adam Anderson 14, 57, 185 Julien Chanteau...... 180 Raffaele Argenziano... 58 Ulrike Felsing...... 91 Sophie Cluzan...... 129 Nikita Artemov...... 59 Lena Fijalkowska...... 92 Noemi Colombo...... 76 Mehmet-Ali Ataç...... 60 Jeanette C. Fincke..... 93 Nicolas A. Corfù...... 79 Annie Attia...... 61 Denis Fisseler...... 150 Izak Cornelius...... 80 Elisabeth Fontan...... 53 B Barbara Couturau..... 81 Sabina Franke...... 38 Cory Crawford...... 82 Lucas G. Freire...... 12, 94 Heather D. Baker...... 62 Elke Friedrich...... 95 Amitai Baruchi-Unna 63 D Benedetta Bellucci..... 64 Jacob Dahl...... 83 G Alison Betts...... 65 Ahmad Deeb...... 41 Judy Bjorkman...... 105 , 97 Paul Delnero...... 84 Paul Gauthier...... 98 Daniel Bodi...... 66 Gösta Gabriel...... 96 M. Fatih Demirci..... 51 Dominik Bonatz...... 67 Mark Geller...... 99 Michael Dick...... 86 Daniel Bonneterre...... 68 Denis Genequand.... 41, 42 Silvana Di Paolo...... 85 Andrew George...... 100

240 www.rai.unibe.ch Gérard Gertoux...... 101 Youssef Kanjou...... 41 M Anne Goddeeris...... 102 Othmar Keel...... 117 Sara Manasterska...... 135 Carlos Gonçalves...... 103 David Kertai...... 118 Dlshad A. Marf...... 136 Shai Gordin...... 14, 104 Ilya Khait...... 119 Lutz Martin...... 42 Ann Guinan...... 105 Paolo Matthiae...... 137 Sara Kipfer...... 24 Fabienne Kilchör...... 146 Jana Matuszak...... 138 Jacob Klein...... 120 Serdar Ş. Güner...... 106 Natalie N. May..... 139, 140 H Evelyne Koubková...... 121 Anna Meskhi...... 141 Lanah Haddad...... 107 Guido Kryszat...... 122 Cécile Michel...... 34, 142 Hendrik Hameeuw.... 83 Maksim Kudrinskii...... 123 Patrick Michel...... 143 Ainsley Hawthorn...... 26 L Robert Middeke-Conlin...... 144 Christian W. Hess.... 73 Rim Lababidi...... 124 Yağmur Heffron...... 108 Michele Minardi...... 145 Carlos Langa Morales.. 125 Catherine Mittermayer 146 I Phillip M. Lasater...... 126 Jacob Lauinger...... 127 Sanae Ito...... 112 M. Willis Monroe... 18, 147 Marc Lebeau...... 42 Hannah Mönninghoff 133 Lucia Mori...... 148 J Camille Lecompte 128, 129 Anastasia Moskaleva 149 Andrew Jamieson...... 113 Julia Linke...... 30, 130 Justin Cale Johnson...... 28 Brigitte Lion...... 131 Vanessa Juloux...... 114 Florian Lippke...... 117, 132 Gerfrid G.W. Müller... 150 NJean-Bernard Münch 41 K John Lynch...... 134 Anne Löhnert...... 133 Davide Nadali...... 151 Srinivasan Kalyanaraman... Liat Naeh...... 152 ...... 115 Bonka Nedeltscheva... 153 Ahmad Kamil...... 41 Paola Negri Scafa...... 154 Ari Kamil...... 116 Adel Nemirovskaya.... 155

www.rai.unibe.ch 241 Seraina Nett...... 156 François Poplin...... 53 Susanne Schmidt...... 191 Hans Neumann...... 157 Barbara N. Porter...... 174 Eric Schmidtchen...... 192 Kiersten Neumann..... 158 Ludovico Portuese...... 175 Daniel Schwemer...... 193 Grégoire Nicolet...... 159 Christine Proust...... 34,176 Jo Ann Scurlock...... 194 Herbert Niehr...... 160 Ann Shafer...... 195 Mirko Novák...... 41, 42 Q Anastas Shuke...... 196, 197 Jamie Novotny...... 222 Lina Qutifan...... 41 Carine Simoes...... 42 Frank Simons...... 10, 198 O R Alexander Sollee...... 215 Joachim Oelsn...... 79 Leandro Ranieri...... 177 Maria Sologubova...... 199 Francesca Onnis...... 161 Qais Hussein Rashid... 41 Karen Sonik...... 200, 201 Mathieu Ossendrijver 162 Rune Rattenborg.... 14, 178 Henry Stadhouders...... 202 A. Murat Özbay..... 51 Julian Reade...... 179 John Steele...... 203 Anne-Caroline Rendu Diana Stein...... 204 Loisel ...... 26 Ulrich Steymans.... 20, 234 Aynur Özfırat...... 163 P Marc-André Renold.... 41 Edward Stratford...... 205 Monica Palmero Fernandez Sébastien Rey...... 180 Claudia E. Suter...... 8 ...... 164 Melissa Ricetti...... 181 T Strahil V. Panayotov... 165 Eleanor Robson...... 182, 183 Véronique Pataï...... 166 Elisa Roßberger...... 184 Oded Tammuz...... 206 Emanuel Pfoh...... 167, 168 Stephanie Rost...... 185, 186 Abrahami Philipp...... 131 Nadezda Rudik...... 187 Jon Taylor...... 208, 209 İlknur Taş...... 207 Monica Philips...... 169 Maddalena Rumor...... 188 Shiyanthi Thavapalan.. 210 Frances Pinnock...... 170 Ariane Thomas...... 211 Simone Pittl...... 171 S Marie-Louise Thomsen 212 Paola Poli...... 172 Christoph Schmidhuber...... Beate Pongratz-Leisten 173 Giulia Torri...... 14, 214 ...... 190 Oya Topçuoğlu...... 213

242 www.rai.unibe.ch Johanna Tudeau...... 215

V Y Ilya Yakubovich...... 123 Susandra van Wyk...... 217 Luděk Vacín...... 216 Serdar Yalcin...... 231 Adám Vér...... 89 Lorenzo Verderame..... 151 ...... 232 Petr Jan Vinš...... 218 Aslıhan Yurtsever Beyazıt... Eva von Dassow...... 219 Z W Elyze Zomer...... 10, 233 Pavel Zupan...... 234 Klaus Wagensonner... 83 Elisabeth Wagner-Durand...... 30, 220 Nathan Wasserman...... 221 Chikako E. Watanabe... 222 Kazuko Watanabe...... 223 John Wee...... 224 Frank Weichert...... 150 Frauke Weiershäuser... 225 Dirk Wicke...... 226 Gernot Wilhelm...... 150 Selena Wisnom...... 227, 228 Martin Worthington..... 229 Patrick Wyssmann...... 230

www.rai.unibe.ch 243 Funded by:

SGOA

Kommission Forschung- und Nachwuchsförderung der Phil.-hist. Fakultät SGOA SGOA